How to assess energy efficiency savings: the Italian experience
Dario Di Santo, FIRE
Bruxelles, 10 June 2015
2
www.fire-italia.org
The Italian Federation for the Rational use of Energy is a no-profit association founded in 1987 that promotes energy efficiency, supporting energy manager, ESCOs and other companies dealing with energy.
Besides the activities directed to its nearly 450 members, FIRE operates under an implementing agreement with the Ministry of Economic Development to manage the Italian energy manager network since 1992.
In order to promote energy efficiency FIRE cooperates and deals with public authorities, energy technology and service companies, consultants, medium and large consumers, universities and associations to promote best practices and improve the legislation.
FIRE manages SECEM - an accredited body - to certify the Energy management experts according to the standard UNI CEI 11339.
FIRE: the association for energy efficiency
3
445 members in 2014, 228 persons and 217 organizations.
FIRE: the association for energy efficiency
Some members of FIRE:
A2A calore e servizi S.r.l. - ABB S.p.a. - Acea S.p.a. - Albapower S.p.a. - Anigas - Atlas Copco S.p.a. - Avvenia S.r.l. - AXPO S.p.a. - Banca d’Italia - Banca Popolare di Sondrio - Bit Energia S.r.l. - Bosh Energy and Building Solution Italy S.r.l. - Bticino S.p.a. - Burgo Group S.p.a. - Cabot Italiana S.p.a. - Carraro S.p.a. - Centria S.p.a. - Certiquality S.r.l. - Cofely Italia S.p.a. - Comau S.p.a. - Comune di Aosta - CONI Servizi S.p.a. - CONSIP S.p.a. - Consul System S.r.l. - CPL Concordia Soc. Coop - Comitato Termotecnico Italiano - DNV S.r.l. - Egidio Galbani S.p.a. - ENEL Distribuzione S.p.a. - ENEL Energia S.p.a. - ENEA - ENI S.p.a. - Fenice S.p.a. - Ferriere Nord S.p.a. - Fiat Group Automobiles - Fiera Milano S.p.a. - FINCO - FIPER - GSE S.p.a. - Guerrato S.p.a. - Heinz Italia S.p.a. - Hera S.p.a. - IBM Italia S.p.a. - Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.a. - Iren Energia e Gas S.p.a. - Isab s.r.l. - Italgas S.p.a. - Johnson Controls Systems and Services Italy S.r.l. - Lidl Italia s.r.l. - Manutencoop Facility Management S.p.a. - Mediamarket S.p.a. - M&G Polimeri Italia - Omron Electronics S.p.a. - Pasta Zara S.p.a. - Pirelli Industrie Pneumatici S.p.a. - Politecnico di Torino - Provincia di Cremona - Publiacqua S.p.a. - Raffineria di Milazzo S.c.p.a. - RAI S.p.a. - Rete Ferroviaria Italiana S.p.a. - Rockwood Italia S.p.a. - Roma TPL S.c.a.r.l. - Roquette Italia S.p.a. - RSE S.p.a. - Sandoz Industrial Products S.p.a. - Schneider Electric S.p.a. - Siena Ambiente S.p.a. - Siram S.p.a. - STMicroelectronics S.p.a. - TIS Innovation Park - Trenitalia S.p.a. - Turboden S.p.a. - Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma - Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore - Università degli studi di Genova - Varem S.p.A. - Wind Telecomunicazioni S.p.a. - Yousave S.p.a.
Our membership include organization and professionals both from the supply and the demand side of energy efficiency services and solutions.
4
4
FIRE: the association for energy efficiency
Besides being involved in many European projects, listed next, FIRE implement surveys and market studies on energy related topics, information and dissemination campaigns, and advanced training.
Some of FIRE clients over the years: Ministry of Environment, ENEA, GSE, RSE, large organizations (such as Centria, ENEL, Ferrovie dello Stato, FIAT, Finmeccanica, Galbani, H3G, Telecom Italia, Unioncamere), universities, associations, energy agencies and exhibition organizers.
www.fire-italia.org
5
www.secem.eu
SECEM
SECEM, European System for Certification in Energy Management, is a certification body created by the FIRE.
SECEM was the first body to offer third-party certification for Energy Management Experts (EMEs) according to UNI CEI 11339 and is accredited according to the ISO/IEC 17024 standard.
In Italy two standards were developed in order to promote the qualification of energy efficiency operators: UNI CEI 11339 for EMEs was issued in 2009, UNI CEI 11352 for ESCOs was published in 2010. A new standard for energy auditor is presently under preparation.
Both the mentioned standards are recognized from the national legislation within the energy audit obl igat ions for large companies introduced by the EED directive and the white certificate scheme.
Energy efficiency
6
Elimination of waste and losses (useless energy consumption, stand-by, optimization, etc.)
Use of more energy efficient technologies
Use of renewable energy sources
More production
with the same energy, the same production with less energy, or
a mix
Energy efficiency savings
7
EE saving ex-ante energy consumption
ex-post energy consumption
Lack of dedicated and reliable measures
Linked to building/process uses and
weather
Linked to building/process uses and
weather
Linked to project and design
Linked to management
To begin with: we can’t measure the
saving…
Baseline and adjustments
8
(SEAI “A guide to Energy Performance Contracts and Guarantees”, source EVO)
IPMVP
9
Annex A (informative)
Option Selection Process Diagram
Measure Facility or ECM Performance?
ECM Performance
Expected Savings >10%?
Need to separately
assess each
Yes
Analysis of main meter
data
Option C Whole Facility
Simulate system or
facility
Yes
N
Obtain calibration data
Calibrate simulation
Simulate with and without ECM(s)
Option D Calibrated Simulation
Need full performance
demonstration
Yes
N
Install isolation meters for key parameters, assess interactive effects, and estimate well known
parameters
Install isolation meters for all
parameters and assess interactive
effects
Missing baseline or reporting period
data?
Missing baseline or reporting
Option A Retrofit Isolation: Key
Parameter Measurement
Yes
N
Start
N
Option B Retrofit Isolation: All
Parameter Measurement
N
Facility Performance
Able to isolate ECM with meter(s)?
N
Yes
Yes
20
IPMVP options Option A: retrofit isolation, key parameter measurement Option B: retrofit isolation, all parameter measurement Option C: whole facility Option D: calibrated simulation. Fonte: IPMVP Core Concepts, June 2014
Note: ECM stands for energy conservation measure.
IPMVP
10
(Cas
e S
tudy
- E
nerg
y E
ffici
ency
Cou
ncil
& L
ow C
arbo
n A
ustra
lia)
Main aspects about EE measurement
11
Continous improvement
METERS AND NORMALIZATION
VISION AND TARGETS
WHO MEASURESCONTROLS
ADDITIONALITY AND BASELINE
COSTS AND COST EFFECTIVENESS
EX-ANTE CONSUMPTION
RELATIONSHIP WITH REGULATIONS
Energy efficiency incentives in Italy
12
White certificates
Tax deductions 50% e 65%
RES incentives (D.M. 6 luglio 2012)
Heat account
Other options (Elena, Jessica, EEEF, structural funds, local funds, etc.)
Source: FIRE.
CHP: high efficiency cogeneration DH: district heating
RES: renewable energy sources EEEF: European energy efficiency fund
Energy efficiency Thermal RES Electrical RESCHP-DH
Saving evaluation methods in Italian WhC
13
Deemed savings projects (progetti standard): the saving is evaluated with respect to the number of installed reference units (e.g. square meter, kW, number of installed units). No measures are required. Only standardized solutions can be included in a deemed saving file. The proponent presents an RVC once.
Scaled savings - engineering estimates (progetti analitici): the saving is evaluated with respect to some measured quantities through a dedicated algorithm defined in a dedicated file. Required meters are also indicated in the dedicated file. The proponent presents an RVC at least once a year.
Metered saving (progetti a consuntivo): the method is similar to the previous one, but the algorithm, the baseline, the additional saving coefficient, and the needed meters should be preliminarily proposed by the applicant PPPM and approved from GSE (with ENEA-RSE). After the PPPM is accepted the proponent will get WhC by presenting an RVC at least once a year.
PPPM
D.S. file
E.E. file
RVC: Request to verify and certify the savings PPPM: Project proposal and M&V procedure
Monitoring plans 2005-‐2007:
≈10% 2013: 82%
Surveyed savings: not used so far. Plans to diffuse them with new WhC guidelines.
Scaled savings: building heat and cooling
14
Allegato A alla deliberazione EEN 9/10 così come modificato dalle deliberazioni EEN 14/10 e EEN 9/11
6. SCHEDA DI RENDICONTAZIONE
SCHEDA DI RENDICONTAZIONE PER SCHEDA N. 26TDati relativi al periodo compreso tra il ____________ e il _____________
Caratteristiche dei generatori di calore f_E 0,187 [tep/MWhe]a Potenza dei generatori per riscaldamento (e acs) Pt,risc 116 [kWt] f_T 0,086 [tep/MWht]c Potenza degli eventuali generatori separati per acs Pt,acs 0 [kWt] b K_t,risc 0,82 [-] = 0,7537 + 0,03*Log10(a)
d K_t,acs 0,82 [-] = 0,7537 + 0,03*Log10(c)Alimentazione dell'impianto L'alimentazione avviene conCombustibile per la produzione termica combustibili liquidi/gassosi
f Quantità di combustibile utilizzato M 10.000 [Sm3 o Kg] non rinnovabilig Potere calorifico inferiore PCI 10.000 [kcal/Sm3, kcal/kg] h EPcomb 10,00 [tep] =10-7 * f * g
Produzione di energia termica j Energia termica fornita all'utenza EFrisc 80 [MWht] k U 1,18 [-]
i EPrisc 9,95 [tep] = k * f_T * j / bProduzione di energia termica per acs (se prodotta sepratamente)
m Energia termica fornita all'utenza EFacs 0 [MWht] n EPacs 0,00 [tep] = f_T * m / dProduzione di energia frigorifera
e Potenza frigorifera PFraffr 0 [kWf] p H,raffr 3,0 [-] pari a 3,0 oppure 2,7o Energia frigorifera fornita all'utenza EFraffr 0 [MWhf] q EPraffr 0,00 [tep] = f_E * o / p
Incremento consumi elettriciI consumi di energia elettrica sono stimati w ce,risc 0,49 [MWhe] = 0,005 * j / b
r Ee misurata 0 [MWhe] x ce,acs 0,00 [MWhe] = 0,005 * m / dPotenze elettriche nominali totali di:
s generatori di calore per riscaldamento PErisc 0 [kWe] r Ee stimata 0,00 [MWhe] = s * (j / a) + t * (m / c) + u * (o / e)t generatori di calore per produzione acs PEacs 0 [kWe]u sistemi frigoriferi PEraffr 0 [kWe]
y 'EFe 0,00 [MWhe] = r - w - x ove applicabilez EPe 0,00 [tep] = y * f_E
Calcolo dei risparmi energetici riconosciuti
v EPservizi 9,95 [tep] = i + n + q %1 %RN tipo I 0,00 = q / vRN RN -0,05 [tep] = v - h - z %2 %RN tipo II 1,00 = (i + n) / v in ambiti metanizzati
%3 %RN tipo III 0,00 = (i + n) / v in ambiti non metanizzati
RN tipo I 0 = %1 * RNRN tipo II 0 = %2 * RNRN tipo III 0 = %3 * RN
DATI MISURATI DATI CALCOLATI O PREDEFINITI
energia elettrica
NOTA: Per le quantità di cui si richiede la rendicontazione sono, in generale, da prevedere misure dirette da effettuarsi con strumentazione di adeguata precisione. Nei casi in cui ciò non sia praticabile, è possibile adottare misurazioni indirette, purché la precisione del metodo adottato sia equivalente a quella ottenibile con la misura diretta.
Allegato A alla deliberazione EEN 9/10 così come modificato dalle deliberazioni EEN 14/10 e EEN 9/11
Pfraffr potenza frigorifera nominale totale dell’apparato frigorifero, nella configurazione post-intervento [kWf] Ptrisc
potenza termica nominale totale dei generatori per riscaldamento (ed eventualmente per acqua calda sanitaria, qualora col medesimo generatore), nella configurazione post-intervento [kWt]
Ptacs potenza termica nominale dei generatori per produzione di a.c.s., nella configurazione post-intervento; nel caso in cui non sia presente un generatore separato per a.c.s., questo valore coincide con quello di Ptrisc [kWt]
U� coefficiente correttivo che assume valori diversi da 1,00 nel caso in cui l’intervento riguardi sistemi dotati di termoregolazione e contabilizzazione locale del calore [-]; i valori possono allora essere:
- 1,22 per le zone climatiche A, B e C, - 1,18 per la zona climatica D, - 1,15 per le zone climatiche E e F.
Consumi elettrici
Ee
Energia dei combustibili
Ec
CENTRALE TERMICA E FRIGORIFERA
Energia termica utile destinata a riscaldamento EFrisc
Energia frigorifera utile
e destinata a raffrescamento EFraffr
Energia termica utile destinata a produzione di acs EFacs
Sistem
i di distribuzione
Contatori di calore
Generatore di calore(Ptrisc, Perisc)
Generatore di calore(Ptacs, Peacs)
Sistema frigorifero(Pfraffr, Peraffr)
Consumi elettrici
Ee
Energia dei combustibili
Ec
CENTRALE TERMICA E FRIGORIFERA
Energia termica utile destinata a riscaldamento EFrisc
Energia frigorifera utile
e destinata a raffrescamento EFraffr
Energia termica utile destinata a produzione di acs EFacs
Sistem
i di distribuzione
Contatori di calore
Generatore di calore(Ptrisc, Perisc)
Generatore di calore(Ptacs, Peacs)
Sistema frigorifero(Pfraffr, Peraffr)
Figura 1– Schema dei flussi energetici coinvolti da un sistema di climatizzazione centralizzata La Figura si riferisce alla situazione più complessa, nella quale i servizi centralizzati riguardano tutte le tre funzioni (riscaldamento, raffrescamento e produzione di acqua calda sanitaria) e ciascuna di esse è fornita da un generatore a sé stante. Possono naturalmente presentarsi situazioni più semplici nelle quali, ad esempio, non viene erogato raffrescamento e le funzioni di riscaldamento e produzione di a.c.s. vengono espletate da un unico generatore di calore. Con “sistemi di distribuzione” si intendono le pompe e gli ausiliari asserviti alla circolazione dei fluidi termovettori.
Note: 1 Tra quelle elencate nella Tabella 2 dell’Allegato A alla deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11. 2 Di cui all’articolo 1, comma 1, dell’Allegato A alla deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11. 3 Di cui all’articolo 3 della deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11. 4 Di cui all’articolo 17 della deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11. 5 Eventualmente in aggiunta a quella specificata all’articolo 14, comma 3, dell’Allegato A alla deliberazione 27 ottobre 2011, EEN 9/11.
Simplified evaluation methods: industry
15
# Solution File type Unit Requested units per toe
7T Photovoltaics under 20 kW DS kWp 1-‐2
9T Inverters for pumping systems DS kW 1-‐16
16T Inverters for pumping systems over 22 kW EEP -‐ -‐
30E Electric motors IE3 DS kW 9-‐135
31E Inverters for compressed air EEP -‐ -‐
33E Power factor correction for motors DS Motor 1-‐189
34E Mechanical steam recompression systems EEP -‐ -‐
35E Industrial coolers EEP - -
36E UPSs DS kVA 2-‐36
For deemed savings projects (DS) a range is present since the values depend on some variables, such as the number of working shifts, the weather zone, the power range, etc. Per le schede analitiche è impossibile indicare dei valori. For engineering estimates (EEP) no values are indicated, since they depend on the application of the saving algorithm to the indicated variables (e.g. fuel consumption, heat demand, etc).
Simplified evaluation methods: civil sector
16
# Solution File type Unit Requested units
per toe2T Electric DHW heaters -‐> gas DHW heaters DS Boiler 53T High efficiency boilers for single apartments DS Boiler 3-‐274T High efficiency DHW DS Boiler 65T Double glazing windows DS m2 13-‐1726T Wall and roof insulation DS m2 27-‐1.1457T Photovoltaics under 20 kW DS kWp 1-‐28T Solar thermal for DHW DS m2 2-‐810T Natural gas decompression EEP - -15T Air to air heat pumps DS Apartment 1-‐2219T Air conditioners under 12 kW DS kWf 99-‐22220T Wall and roof insulation for cooling DS m2 430-‐1.71822T District heating EEP - -26T Centralized cooling systems EEP - -27T DHW heat pumps DS Heat pump 3-‐632E Inverters for HVAC systems EEP - -36E UPSs DS kVA 2-‐3637E Biomass boilers for single apartment DS Apartment 1-‐538E Building automation systems DS m2 105-‐1.573Please refer to the note in the previous slide.
PPPM: cement industry example
17!
CE
MB
UR
EA
U BA
T Reference D
ocument
Page 26
Chapter 3
Figure 1. Cement manufacturing process (dry process) [22]
Source: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Cement, Lime and Magnesium Oxide Manufacturing Industries, EC, 2010.
18
PPPM: cement industry example
Source: ENEA-FIRE study on PPPM in the cement industry.
0%#
5%#
10%#
15%#
20%#
25%#
30%#
35%#
#(####
#5.000##
#10.000##
#15.000##
#20.000##
#25.000##
#30.000##
#35.000##
#40.000##
#45.000##
#50.000##
RDF#recovery#Heat#recovery#Raw#materials#subs>tu>on#
Various#EE#measures#
Subs>tu>on#or#EE#
improvement#of#the#furnace#
Raw#materials#mill#
CHP# Advanced#management#
systems#
Advanced#fan#regula>on#
toe/year(
Approved(PPPMs(breakdown((total:(34(PPPMs;(108,339(toe/year)(
toe/year# %PPPM#Source: ENEA-FIRE.
Typical saving per solution 10-3 toe/tc
Furnace modification 2÷13
Furnace substitution 4÷13
Crude mill modification 2÷3
Crude mill substitution 0,7÷2
Fired mill modification 0,5÷3
Fired mill substitution 2÷4
Raw materials substitution 0,04
Heat recovery 0,11÷1
Sostituzione calorica 2÷4
Fan regulation 0,2÷0,4
Management systems 0,2÷0,4
Case 1: e.g. building materials, manufacturing industry
Case 2: e.g. furnace glass, membranes, RDF
Case 3: e.g. lighting, heating, cooling
Expected
Effective
Expected
Effective
EffectiveExpected
Savings correlated with the market
Savings correlated with the solution learning curve
Constant saving (weather related)
19
Difference between PPPM and RVC savings: 1.4%
electricity, -‐8.3% gas, 16.6% fuels
PPPMs breakdown (FIRE-ENEA analysis 2005-2012)
Points to be considered
20
Measuring EE savings is really an hard task. We are just at the beginning of the journey…
Deemed savings Scaled savings Metered savings
The method is easy to use and facilitates the evaluation.
Savings are not measured and monitoring can be complex if multiple solutions are considered.
Required documentation: choice to go easy or bureaucratic, which usually implies a failure, unless the incentive is very high.
On field controls are expensive.
Effort required to evaluate baselines, additionality, and other needed information.
High cost-effectiveness.
Possibility to pre-evaluate EE products in order to ensure the required performance.
The method is easy to use and facilitates the evaluation.
Savings are measured.
Required documentation: choice to go easy or bureaucratic, which usually implies a failure, unless the incentive is very high.
On field controls are usually a viable option.
Effort required to evaluate baselines, additionality, algorithms and meters to be used, and the other needed information.
High cost-effectiveness.
Simplified monitoring plans?
The method is usually complex, especially if additionality or detailed adjustments are present.
Savings are measured.
Required documentation: is usually substantial, but the size of the project allows it.
On field controls are usually a viable option.
Effort required to evaluate baselines, additionality, algorithms and meters to be used, and the other needed information for both the proponents and the evaluators. Shall data be available for everybody?
Very flexible, but potentially costly and complicated (viable for high targets).
Thank you!
www.facebook.com/FIREenergy.manager
www.linkedin.com/company/fire-federazione-italiana-per-l'uso-razionale-dell'energia
www.twitter.com/FIRE_ita
For����������� ������������������ more����������� ������������������ information����������� ������������������ about����������� ������������������ our����������� ������������������ activities����������� ������������������ ����������� ������������������ visit����������� ������������������ our����������� ������������������ web����������� ������������������ site!����������� ������������������
www.dariodisanto.com