National Space Science Center, China
Jun. 25, 2012, Santa Fe
Meridian Space Weather Monitoring Project
(Meridian Project) and the International
Collaboration
Guotao Yang
Overview of the Meridian Project (MP)
The Meridian Project Framework
Recent Development
International Collaboration of MP
-Overview of IMCP
-Scientific goals
-Progress
Outline
MP is a Chinese multi-station chain along 120ºE to monitor
space environment, starting from Mohe, the most northern
station in China, through Beijing、 Wuhan、Guangzhou and
extended to Chinese Zhongshan station in the Antarctic.
Many basic physical
processes occur along the
meridian circle.
With the rotation of the
Earth, we can make global
measurements of the space
environment.
Scientific Principles
Station Distribution
Observatories 15 Stations Selected, No new station will be built : (develop/purchase new instruments, upgrade existing equipment, get all
stations connected, build central data base, organize research and
application activities)
120°E Meridian Chain (10 stations):Mohe、Manzhouli、
Changchun、Beijing、Xinxiang、Hefei、Wuhan、
Guanzhou、Hainan、Zhongshan;
30°N Chain (5 stations):Shanghai(Hangzhou)、
Chongqing、Chengdu、Qujing、Laasa。
Among them, Beijing、Wuhan、Hainan、Zhangsan are
multi-tasking stations.
No Station Lat. Lon. Types of Observations
01 Mohe 53.5N 122.4E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric
02 Manzhouli 49.6N 117.4E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric
03 Changchun 44.0N 125.2E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric
04 Beijing 40.3N 116.2E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric, Lidar, MST Radar, IPS, Cosmic Rays,
HF Doppler Array , All-sky Airglow Imager、F-P interferometer
05 Xinxiang 34.6N 113.6E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric
06 Wuhan 30.5N 114.6E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric, Lidar, MST Radar,HF Doppler
Array ,Meteor Radar ,
07 Hefei 33.4N 116.5E Lidar
08 Guangzhou 23.1N 113.3E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric, Cosmic Rays
09 Hainan 19.0N 109.8E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric, Lidar、All-sky Airglow Imager 、VHF
Radar、Sounding Rocket
10 Zhangshan 69.4S 76.4E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric ,HF Radar,Aurora
11 Shanghai 31.1N 121.2E Geomagnetic,Ionospheric
12 Chongqing 29.5N 106.5E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric
13 Qujing 25.6N 103.8E Incoherent Scattering Radar
14 Chengdu 31.0N 103.7E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric
15 Lhasa 29.6N 91.0E Geomagnetic, Ionospheric
Parameters Observed
Earth Surface:Geomagnetic field、Geoelectronic
field 、Cosmic Rays;
Middle-Upper Atmosphere:density、temperature、
composition、electric current;
Ionosphere:density of electron and proton,
temperature, irregular structures, electric current
Interplanetary Space:solar wind plasma speed
Spatial Coverage
By
The Meridian Project
Geo-
Magnetic
Radio
Space Environment Monitoring System
… …
Data and Communication System
Research and Forecast System
Domestic Data
Exchange
International
Data Exchange
Public User
Sounding
Rocket
Professional User
FR
AM
EW
OR
K
Optical
atmospheric
I . Geomagnetic Monitoring Subsystem
To measure the variation of the geomagnetic (geoelectric)
field
To study the response of the geomagnetic (geoelectric)
field to interplanetary disturbances
Instrument
Geomagnetic Measurement
Relative Measurement Absolute Measurement
Proton Precession
Magnetometer: F
Overhauser magnetometer
F
DI-fluxgate
magnetometer: D. I
Induction
Magnetometer
Fluxgate Magnetometer:
H, D, Z
Geomagnetic Stations
No.
Station
Geomagnetic Geoelectric
DI OVERHAUSER
PPM Fluxgate Induction
Atmospheric
Geoelectric
1 Mohe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 Manzhouli 1 1 1
3 Zhangchun 1 1
4 Beijing 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 Zhenzhou 1 1 1
6 Wuhan 1 1 1 1
7 Shaoyang 1 1
8 Zhaojing 1 1 1
9 Qionzhou 1 1 1 1
10 Sanya 1 1 1 1
11 Zhongshan 1 1 1 1 1
12 Hangzhou 1 1 1 1 1
13 Chendu 1 1 1
14 Lasha 1 1 1
Total 6 13 4 14 10 4 4
II. Radio Monitoring Subsystem
To measure the physical parameters of the middle-upper
atmosphere, ionosphere and the interplanetary space by
use of remote sensing technique.
1. Incoherent Scattering Radar(ISR)
The most powerful equipment in MP
ISR is located in Qujing, Yunnan Province (25.6°N,
103.8°E)。
To measure physical parameters of the middle-upper
atmosphere and ionosphere from 70 up to 1000 km.
ISR has a peak transmission power of ~3MW.
Four Parts
2. Radar Chain
Instrument Detecting Content Sites
MST Radar Wind parameters of troposphere, stratosphere and
mesosphere
Beijing、
Wuhan
HF Coherent
Scattering Radar
(HF Radar)
To detect the motion of the ionospheric structure
within a azimuth angle of 52º and 3000 km height
by use of the scatter features of the ionospheric
irregular structures
Zhongshan
Station at
South Pole
VHF Coherent
Scatter Radar
(VHF Radar)
To detect the irregular structure and drift (electrical
field) in the ionospheric E lay, and to detect intensity
and drift of the spread F, by measuring the intensity
and Doppler Shift of the echo from the field aligned
irregular bulk.
Hainan
Meteor Radar To detect the wind field and diffusive coefficient of
the atmosphere, the flux, position and velocity of the
meteors between 70~110 km by tracing the meteors
Wuhan
Mehe
• Digisonde (5)
Mohe (new) – Beijing (new) – Wuhan (upgrade)-Hainan
(upgrade) – Zhangshan (upgrade)
• Traditional Ionosonde (4)
Manzhouli – Changchun – Ghuanzhou – Chongqing - Lasha
3. Ionosode Chain
4. Real time monitor chain of space environment
Instrument Purpose Site
Interplanetary
Scintillation (IPS)
Monitor
To monitor the interplanetary disturbance and
obtain information about the solar wind
velocity and plasma irregular structures
Beijing
Cosmic Ray
Monitor
To detect the solar energetic particles and cosmic
rays
Beijing, Guanzhou
GPS-TEC To monitor the ionospheric TEC and scintillation
in real time
Mohe, Beijing,
Xinxiang, Wuhan,
Hainan,
Shanghai(Hangzhou)
HF Doppler Drift
Monitor
To monitor multi-scale ionospheric disturbance
propagation, by use of a long baseline system
including a 3 HF Doppler antenna array in
Beijing and a HF Doppler monitor in Wuhan
Beijing, Wuhan
III. Optical-Atmospheric Monitoring Subsystem
Instrument Content Sites
Lidar Temperature , density, and wind profiles of
the middle atmosphere
sodium density
Beijing,
Wuhan, Hefei,
Hainan
Fabry-Perot
Interferometer
Wind and temperature of atmosphere in the
mesopause region and F2 layer
Beijing
All-sky Airglow
Imager
The horizontal structure and transmitting
feature of gravity waves in the mesopause
region and the thermosphere
Beijing,
Hainan
Aurora
Spectrometer
Aurora spectrum, the atmospheric chemical
species, the energetic spectrum of the
energetic particles from the solar wind and
the magnetosphere
Zhongshan
Station in
South Pole
IV. Rocket Sounding Subsystem
To make in-situ measurements of temperature, density,
pressure, wind etc. in the height of 20~200 km.
Radio tower
Satellite dish
Satellite
GPS
receiver Radar Telemetry
Digisonde
Optical-atmospheric
instruments
Hainan Station: Low-latitude Multipurpose Station (20 N)
Rocket Sounding Base
8 types of ground based equipments
Ground-Based Instruments in Hainan Station
1. DPS-4 digisode
2. GPS- TEC Monitor
3. Ionospheric Scintillation Monitors
4. Lidar
5. All-sky Airglow Imager
6. CHIMAG Fluxgate Magnetometer
7. Geoelectric Monitor
8. Meteor radar
Data and Communication System
Collect, transfer, process, store and distribute
data
International and domestic data exchange
Three-layer-
Structure:
Station-Node-Center
Coordinate observations, research and
management
Carry out research and model
Jointly make space weather forecast
Promote international collaboration
Research and Forecast System
Research and Forecast
Center System has been
constructed.
Recent Development
High Performance
Computing Equipment
Operation Center
Data Center
Recent Advances
High Performance
Computing Equipment
ISR Radar has been developed
Emitting
system
Cover of
antenna
Cooling
system
Control
room
All the detection equipments have
bee developed
ISR Radar observed results
MST radar are also been developed
WH
MS
T
BJ
MST
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-15 07:39:28 L E
-50 0 500.075
2.325
4.575
6.825
9.075
11.325
13.575
15.825
18.075
PS
D (
dB)
160
180
200
220
240
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-15 07:39:28 L W
-50 0 500.075
2.325
4.575
6.825
9.075
11.325
13.575
15.825
18.075
PS
D (
dB)
160
180
200
220
240
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-15 07:39:28 L S
-50 0 500.075
2.325
4.575
6.825
9.075
11.325
13.575
15.825
18.075
PS
D (
dB)
160
180
200
220
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-15 07:39:28 L N
-50 0 500.075
2.325
4.575
6.825
9.075
11.325
13.575
15.825
18.075
PS
D (
dB)
160
180
200
220
240
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-15 07:39:28 L H
-50 0 500.075
2.325
4.575
6.825
9.075
11.325
13.575
15.825
18.075
PS
D (
dB)
160
180
200
220
240
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-15 07:39:28 L L
-50 0 500.075
2.325
4.575
6.825
9.075
11.325
13.575
15.825
18.075
PS
D (
dB)
160
180
200
220
240
Power spectra
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 600.975
1.725
2.475
3.225
3.975
4.725
5.475
6.225
6.975
7.725
8.475
9.225
9.975
10.725
Zonal Wind(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-15 07:33:26 L
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 600.975
1.725
2.475
3.225
3.975
4.725
5.475
6.225
6.975
7.725
8.475
9.225
9.975
10.725
Meridional Wind(m/s)
He
igh
t(K
m)
2011-03-15 07:33:26 L
Winds in the lower atmosphere
MST雷达中模式回波功率谱图
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-16 08:41:00 M E
-50 0 500.3
9.3
18.3
27.3
36.3
PS
D (
dB)
140
160
180
200
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-16 08:41:00 M W
-50 0 500.3
9.3
18.3
27.3
36.3
PS
D (
dB)
140
160
180
200
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-16 08:41:00 M S
-50 0 500.3
9.3
18.3
27.3
36.3
PS
D (
dB)
140
160
180
200
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-16 08:41:00 M N
-50 0 500.3
9.3
18.3
27.3
36.3
PS
D (
dB)
140
160
180
200
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-16 08:41:00 M H
-50 0 500.3
9.3
18.3
27.3
36.3
PS
D (
dB)
140
160
180
200
220
Doppler Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-16 08:41:00 M L
-50 0 500.3
9.3
18.3
27.3
36.3
PS
D (
dB)
140
160
180
200
220
20 30 40 50 603.3
4.5
5.7
6.9
8.1
9.3
10.5
11.7
12.9
14.1
15.3
16.5
17.7
18.9
20.1
21.3
22.5
Wind Velocity(m/s)
Heig
ht(
Km)
2011-03-15 07:02:08 M
3.5 4 4.5 53.3
4.5
5.7
6.9
8.1
9.3
10.5
11.7
12.9
14.1
15.3
16.5
17.7
18.9
20.1
21.3
22.5
Wind Direction(°)
He
igh
t(
Km)
2011-03-15 07:02:08 M
Power spectra Winds in the middle-lower atmosphere
HF radar in Antarctic
雷达回波强度、电离层对流速度和雷达速度谱展宽
图
VHF Radar
后端处理系统
Meteor Radar
Meteor radar observation
Observed wind
Observed meteors
Meteor radar observation:
tidal winds
: Observation
: GSWM02
Recent Advances
Cosmic Ray Detector has
been constructed
50米天线 控制室
IPS
激光光束直指苍穹 数据采集单元
发射激光绚丽耀眼
探测结果:Na回波光子
数
Lidar
子午工程最新进展点滴
分辨率(166秒, 96米)
Simultaneously Observation of sodium layer and
potassium layer
Recent Advances
Lidar
All Sky imager
子午工程兴隆全天空气辉成像仪
子午工程海南全天空气辉成像仪
1. ASAI ---- Observation Data
2. FPI ---- at Beijing
Sound Rocket Launching
The first observation of the space environment respond
to solar wind by Meridian Project (2010/08/03)
-100
-50
0
50
100
Declination angle [min]
Man
Zh
ou
Li Lat=49.57 Lon=117.43
400
450
500
550
600
H component [nT]
40
60
80
100
Z component [nT]
0
50
100
150
Ch
an
gC
hu
n Lat=44.08 Lon=124.86
-100
-50
0
50
100
20
40
60
80
-150
-100
-50
0
Ch
en
gD
u Lat=30.91 Lon=103.73
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
220
240
260
280
-50
0
50
100
Wu
Han
Lat=30.5 Lon=114.5
-1000
-950
-900
-850
-800
200
220
240
260
-50
0
50
Lh
asa
Lat=29 Lon=91
-1050
-1000
-950
-900
-850
200
220
240
260
-250
-200
-150
-100
Qu
an
Zh
ou Lat=25 Lon=118.5
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
-20
0
20
40
-200
-150
-100
Qio
ng
Zh
on
g
Lat=19 Lon=109.8
-150
-100
-50
0
160
180
200
220
50
100
150
2010.8.3-5Ch
on
gM
ing
San
Lie
Lat=0 Lon=0
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
2010.8.3-5100
120
140
160
2010.8.3-5
Magnetic data ionosphere
Strong Ionospheric disturb observed by MP, after
Mar.11, 2011 Earthquake in Japan
International Collaboration
– The International Space Weather Meridian Circle Program (IMCP)
① -Overview of IMCP
② -Scientific goals
③ -Progress
The International Space
Weather Meridian
Circle Program (IMCP),
proposal to connect
120ºE and 60ºW
meridian chains of
ground based monitors
and enhance the ability
of monitoring space
environment worldwide.
International Collaboration
USA
Canada
Russian
Brazil
Australia
Japan
etc
International ground-base
observation system
IMCP
Geomagnetic circle
IPS Observation
net
Middle –upper
atmosphere circle
Ionosphere Circle
Cosmic ray circle
Aura observation
net
Proposed Frame of IMCP
1、俄罗斯25个台站; 2、加拿大7个台站; 3、澳大利亚10个台站; 4、美国17个台站; 5、中国15个台站
1、测高仪 2、电离层吸收; 3、GPS-TEC; 4、HF-Radar; 5、非相干散射雷达
1、激光雷达LIDAR 2、光学干涉仪FPI; 3、全天空气辉成像仪
ASAI; 4、流星雷达 5、 MST radar
1、澳大利亚: Canberra、Culgoora;
2、墨西哥:Michoacan 3、日本4个台站 4、中国:北京
1、俄罗斯5个台站; 2、加拿大7个台站; 3、澳大利亚Mawson和
Kingston台站; 4、美国Thule台站; 5、阿根廷Pierre Auger台站 6、中国北京和海南台站
1、加拿大Schefferville,Goose Bay,Kapuskasing 台站;
2、澳大利亚South pole 3个台站; 3、美国Wallops Island台
站;
Scientific Goals
1. Use diverse instrumentation to observe physical
parameters that pertain to the global space weather
system, as well as its coupling to the Earth’s atmosphere,
with a special emphasis on the collection of data and
information from all latitudes along a meridian circle
2. Cooperate with appropriate space missions with a view
toward characterizing the near-Earth space weather
system as a coupled three-dimensional entity
3. Understand the behavior of the geospace-atmosphere
system under conditions of major magnetic storms and
particle radiation
Scientific Goals
4. Understand the coupling and feedbacks between
geospace and the atmosphere in a global context
5. Develop models and numerical capabilities to
simulate and predict space weather in the geospace-
atmosphere system covered by IMCP
6. Produce space weather information and data
products to improve related research in the
participating countries and global community
7. Use the collective resources of IMCP to promote
awareness, public outreach, and education about
space weather.
Running method
An IMCP Scientific Committee are established to
promote and coordinate cooperative activities, by engage in
the following activities:
• Promote space weather monitoring and research
through coordinated ground-based observations
• Support the International Space Weather Initiative
(ISWI) and similar international programs
• Organize biennial IMCP scientific workshops
• Coordinate collaborative research activities within
IMCP, as well as externally.
Cooperation agreements have been singed between
Meridian Project and the above countries:
Progress of IMCP
Russian
Canada
Brazil
Australia
American(intend)
Japan(intend)
…
Meridian Project is a ground-based network program to monitor space environment , which consists of a chain of ground-based observatories with multiple instruments.
International collaboration will make it possible to constitute the first complete environment monitoring chain around the globe.
Summary
谢谢指正! Thank You !