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Mission
– Sustainable development - New generation technologies
– Distributed Generation - Impact on the grid activities
– Support to project activities for GDF-Suez, Electrabel, DNO’s, (i.e. Princess Elisabeth Antarctica project)
– Active Contribution of Laborelec to the Technology Watch
Electrical system of generation, storage and consumption
– Use of local energy sources
– Uninterruptible
– Stable voltage and frequency
Stand alone or grid connected if needed
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Grid - connected
– Advantages of distributed generation• Less transport losses
• Use of renewable sources where present
• Smoothing unpredictable generation profiles
– Immunity to Grid failures / interruptions
Off - grid
– Cover local energy needs where
grid – connection is costly or impossible
– Use of renewable sources instead of
diesel generators
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Generation– Renewable sources, CHP etc
Storage system – Batteries or other types. Load supply during low or no production
Control system (Energy flow regulator)– Load supply from generation
– Load supply from storage system if needed
– Battery charging
– Energy exchange with the grid if system is grid connected.
– Balance generation - consumption
Variable loads
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3 types of technology:
– Multicrystalline Si (135 Wp/m² - Photovoltech – 639€/m²)
– Amorphous Si (58 Wp/m² - MSK – 189€/m²)
– Multi layer: Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT) (168 Wp/m² - Sanyo – 659€/m²)
30 kW peak (10 kWp/technology) : +/- 180 k€
State of the art SMA converters
Equivalent generation at full load: +/- 845h/year
Estimated generation/year: 25.350 kWh
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Amorphous Si
Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin
Layer (HIT)
Multicrystalline
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What is the efficiency gain from the use of a tracking system?
Energy yield increase claimed by the manufacturer: 35-45%
Implementation– Installation of a two-axis system 5kWp
– Comparison with fix installation
(same PV & inverter technology)
Control system: – light sensors
– movement E-W, inclination0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
04:48 09:36 14:24 19:12P
AC
[W]
PAC
FIX_ 15/08 TRACK_15/08
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Model PROVEN FORTIS
Rotor downwind upwind
Max Power 6 kW 5 kW
Rated Wind Speed 12 m/s 17 m/s
Cut-in Wind Speed 2,5 m/s 2,5 m/s
Survival Wind Speed 70 m/s 60 m/s
Rotor Diameter 5,5 m 5 m
Tower Height 15 m 24 m
Grid Inverter 1 unit 6 kW 2 units 2,3 kW
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Control system
– Sunny Island 5012
– 3 single phase 4 quadrantinverters
– Master – slaves configuration
Storage system:
– 600Ah 48V C10 Lead – Acid battery bank (2V cells)
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IV-curve
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Voltage (V)
Cu
rre
nt
(A)
HIP 210NHE1
MSK AJG 055-B (new)
MSK AJG 055-B (stable)
Photovoltech Mithras 200Wp
• The data found on the manufacturer’s data sheets are checked
• The performance of the technologies is measuredunder real operatingconditions
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Parameters
– Electrical: V [V], I [A]
– External parameters: G [W/m²], T [°C]
Comparison of theoreticaly expectedproduction underspecific operatingconditions with actualproduction 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0:00 4:48 9:36 14:24 19:12 0:00
Pd
c[W
]
model
measured
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• The average efficiency of the inverters is calculatedfor the different levels of AC output power
80.00
82.00
84.00
86.00
88.00
90.00
92.00
94.00
96.00
98.00
Eff
icie
ncy %
5 10 20 30 50 100
% Pac_nom
Inverter Measured Efficiency
• The results are compared with the manufacturer’s efficiency curves
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The power output of the generator Vs the recorded wind speed on site is compared to the manufacturer’scurve
Parameters recorded:
– Electrical: PAC [W]
– External: v [m/s]
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• Reference Yield YR
• Array Yield YA
• Final Yield YF
• Performance Ratio PR
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
January February March April May June
[kW
h/k
Wp
/mo
nth
]
Energy Yields & Losses
YF Ls Lc
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Power Quality Results – Grid connected
– RMS – Voltage & Current
– Flicker
– Unbalance
– Voltage Harmonics
– Current Harmonics
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New decoupling protection requirements
Islanding detection strategies. Potential islanding detection problems in low voltage networks.
Experimental setup on the LBE site investigating island mode
L1
L2
L3
N
Mai
n
Gri
d
10 kW PV 10 kW PV 10 kW PV
71 mH
From 100 µF to 200 µF
From 0 kW to 21,5 kW
Adjusted to match the localproduction
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Rafaël Jahn
EPSM - MMDMGSM: 0475/693697
Email: [email protected]
Dries Lemmens
EPSM - MMDMGSM: 0477/690801
Email: Dries. [email protected]
Vasiliki Balafouti
EPSM - EPSACGSM: 0473/170386
Email: [email protected]
Sebastian Falkenberg
SPRT - INDUGSM: 0475/752576
Email: [email protected]
Sven Kerremans
EPSM - EPSACGSM: 0473/992988
Email: [email protected]
[ Five reasons for you to choose Laborelec ]
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The Technical Competence Centrein energy processes and energy use
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T. +32 2 382 02 11F. +32 2 382 02 41RPR/RPM Brussels 0400.902.582 BTW/TVA BE 0400 902 582
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The NetherlandsT. +31 63 88 26 022
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