MIS
Data, Information and Systems
Data
A given fact , a number, a statement, or a picture Represents something in the real world Data are sets of discrete objective facts, presented
without judgment or context The raw materials in the production of information
Data, Information and Systems
Information Data that have meaning within a context
Data in relationships
Data after manipulation
Data become information when they are categorized, analyzed, summarized and placed in context, becoming intelligible to the recipient.
Data, Information and Systems
Data Manipulation
Example: Customer Survey
Reading through data collected from a customer survey with questions in various categories would be time-consuming and not very helpful.
When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information
Generating Information
Computer-based Information System take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output.
Figure 1.1 Input-process-output
Data, Information and Systems
Data, Information and Systems
Information is Critical
The information we have is not what we want,
The information we want is not the information we need
The information we need is not available.
Data, Information and Systems
Why need Information?
To ensure effective and efficient decision – making leading to prosperity of the Organization.
Data, Information and Systems
The Four Stages of Data Processing
Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.
Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
Output: Information is displayed or presented.
Feedback: Output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities
Data, Information and Systems
University
Inputs: Students, Faculty, Textbooks Processes: Education/Courses Output: graduates Feedback: surveys, grades
Data, Information and Systems
Toyota Plant
Inputs: raw materials, components Processes: assembly line Output: mini-vans Feedback: customer surveys, quality reports
Data, Information and Systems
What is a system?
A set of components that interact to accomplish goals
What is an IS? A set of interrelated components that collect input,
process, and output data and information and provide a feedback/control mechanism
What is a MIS? An IS that uses IT. Components: hardware, software,
databases, networks, people, procedures
Historic Development
TPS
OAS
MIS
DSS
ESS
KS/ES
AI
Transaction Processing System
Office Automation System
Management Information System
Decision Support System
Executive Support System
Knowledge / Expert System
Artificial Intelligence
Management Information System
The three sub-components – MIS
- together bring out the focus clearly & effectively.
System emphasizing a fair degree of Integration and a holistic view
Information stressing on processed data in the context in which it is used by the end user
Management focusing on the ultimate use of such information systems for managerial decision making
Management Information System
Support ofManagerialDecision Making
Support ofBusiness Operations
Management Information SystemManagement Level
Knowledge Level
Operational Level
Operational Level
Information System which monitors the elementary activities and transaction of the organization.
Transaction Processing System Eg.
Operational Level System
Sales & Marketing Order Tracking & Order Processing
Manufacturing Plant Scheduling & Material Movement Control
Finance Securities Trading & Cash Management
Accounting Payroll, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable
Human Resource Compensation Training & Development & employee record keeping
Knowledge Level System
Information System that support knowledge and data workers in an organization
Knowledge Level System Eg.
Engineering Workstation & Word Processing
Graphic Workstation & Document Imaging
Managerial Workstation & Electronic Calendars
Management Information System
Management Level System
Information System which support the monitoring controlling decision making and administrative activities of middle management.
Management Information System Eg.
Sales & Marketing Sales Management & Sales Region Analysis
Manufacturing Inventory Control & Production Scheduling
Finance Annual Budgeting & Cost Analysis
Accounting Capital Investment Analysis & Profitability/Pricing
Analysis
Strategic Level System
Information System that supports the long range planning activities of senior managers
Strategic Level System Eg.
Executive Support System
Sales & Marketing 5 Year Sales trend forecast
Manufacturing 5 Year operational plan
Finance 5 Year budgeting forecast
Accounting Profit Planning