Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 2
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 3
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 4
the connected car
Congestion fees
““Pay-As-You-Drive”- Insurance
Fees & ChargesFees & ChargesRemote Diagnostics
and SW Updates
Vehicle interactionVehicle interaction
Service Calls
Charging support for Electric Cars
Advertisementand Points Of Interest
InfotainmentInfotainment
Personal Information MgmtIn-car entertainmentTravel
Planning
Traffic Efficiency Traffic Efficiency
Traffic alerts
Traffic Safety Traffic Safety
eCallTraffic Hazard
warnings
Alco-lock
IntelligentSpeed
Adaptation
Traffic Mgmt
Eco Driving
Road Usage Charging
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 5
Securecom.
Adaptivemedia
deliveryPush
BroadcastMulticastGeocast
Web interface(REST, SOAP, AJAX, JSON, …)
3rd party service integration
Device/phone APIs(MeeGo, Android, iPhone, …)
Content Management
Service Enablement
Connectivity
Connected Vehicle PlatformInterfaces - Devices
Middleware and APIs
OS (Android, MeeGo, …)
hardware
TrafficTrafficefficiencyefficiency
Fees &Fees &chargescharges AutomotiveAutomotive TrafficTraffic
safetysafety InfotainmentInfotainment GoodsGoodsmgmtmgmt
Fees &Fees &chargescharges
VehicleVehicleinteractioninteraction
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 6
3G HSPA
GSM & 3G3G
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 8
What is e-CALL?
› Triggered by a car crash or by pressing an alarm button.› A voice call is set up and GPS-position + other data is sent.
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 9
Private and public e-CALL
› Private eCall's are operational today– Volvo OnCall, BMW Assist, PSA Apell d´Urgance, Toyota G-book
Alfa….– Private call centers forward information to Public Safety Answering
Points (PSAP).– Other services are offered on top of eCALL
› The EU Commission want to introduce a Pan-EU eCALL– Fully employed it would save 2000 lives per year and have an
positive impact also on injuries.– In all new car models from 2014 and all new cars from 2015?
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 10
Present status
› Standardization and legal framework are prepared– But not finished
› Pan-EU eCALL and Third Party Solutions may coexist– But the TPS-service must cover all EU Member States or have Pan-
EU eCALL as back-up.
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 11
IA=Impact Analysis
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 12
Ericsson supports ecall!› But Ericsson questions and doubts the EU eCALL technical solution!› Information about an accident shall be sent as audible ‘pulses’ through the voice channel
› This "Inband" way for sending information was thought to be “invisible” and useable worldwide
– The Inband holds some (substantial) shortcomings and hassles in modern networks
– Mobile Network upgrades, maintenances and verification will be needed frequently
– The Inband imposes limitations on the evolution into All-IP networks
– The Inband imposes limitations to the evolution of eCall itself !
In-Vehicle System
(IVS)Public safety Answering Point
(PSAP)
Doing it like this is OK!
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 13
eCall via Inband Modem - Critical Points
IVSData
modemSpeech Codec
MSD information
source
Microphone & Speakers
Radio Modem
PSAP Data
Modem
MSD Display
Microphone & Speakers
In-Vehicle System (IVS)
GPSReceiverPosition data
Radio Modem(BTS)
Speech Trans-coding (TRAU)
Mobile Switching
Center(MSC)
PLMN
PSTN/GSTN
Public-Safety Answering Point (PSAP)
2. Interface:analogue or Bluetooth
3. Pre-Processing:Level-ControlNoise ReductionAcoustic Echo Cancellation
4. Radio-Transmissionerrors, coverage,no retransmission
6. Clock-Slip:can happen
5. Processing:Acoustic Echo SuppressionLevel Adjustments
7. Processing:Hybrid Echo HandlingLevel Adjustments
8. In-Path-Equipment:
e.g. compression,VoIP,not standardized, many different networks
1. Unclear when to start
9. Clock-driftbetween IVS and PSAP
10. Full-Duplexcauses confusion with echo
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 14
The In-Band Modem› 140 octets of data (Minimum Set of Data), pulses sent over the voice channel in GSM› PSAP = Public Safety Answering Point› IVS = In Vehicle System
› Example here according to 3GPP Rel 9.1, no radio errors, some speech path delay:
PSAP
IVS
PSAP accepts PUSH, starts to send START
IVS triggers PUSH command
IVS accepts PUSH,starts to send SYNC and MSD
PSAP received MSD0, CRC OKIVS sends a second version MSD1
PSAP sends many (unnecessary)copies of ACK signal
P P P P P
S S S S S N N N N A A A A A
Y M S D0
M S D1
Transmission time for MSD0:about 1.3 sec!
Elapsed time after trigger:about 5 sec!
Voice channel blocked:about 12 sec!
The MSD-data
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 15
Recording in real life 3G-3G network, best example, using 8.5.0 = 9.4.0
Recording in real life 2G-2G network, frequent example, using 8.5.0 = 9.4.0
Note the substantial demolition of the signal due to unknown IPEs in the path.In both case IVS and PSAP were identical, so the differences come from the network. Every new call shows another picture. Often the Modem fails completely. Very often the PUSH is not heard by the PSAP.
PUSH
PUSH
START
START
SYNC
SYNC
MSD0
MSD0
MSD1
MSD1 MSD2
Expected field trial results
eCALL with In Band modem – not smart connected!
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 16
Ericsson is committed to › An alternative concept for eCall is developed and tested by Ericsson:
Voice is carried by a normal 112 emergency callReuse SMS technology for data - Enhanced emergency SMS – eSMS over the radio and SIP-messages in the networks
– eSMS reduces overall cost for cars, PSAP and network
– eSMS supports network evolutions into All-IP and Future Internet
– eSMS may be implemented without any real delay for eCall
– eSMS allows a flexible future evolution of eCall (text chat, encryption, Full Set of Data)
› New findings and alternative solutions needs to be considered!
– eSMS needs to be included in the EU Impact Analysis of eCall
– eSMS should be part of the eCall field trails in Europe starting 2011
› Don't bet it all on one horse!
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 17
VOICE IN Standard 112 anddata in e-SMS/SIP for e-CALL
PSAPPublic Safety Answering Point
BSC
Voice in a standard112 emergencyvoice call
A Standard 112 emergency voice call
MSC
Data in a “smart” SMS over the air!(eSMS is sent over the signaling channel FACCH to “112” in less than 1.5 sec in both directions, fully handshaken)
Data in a SIP - IPmessage. Matching of number in thePSAP
All othercalls andSMS´s
Same principles andfunctions in GSM and 3G
112 is the emergency number (911 in the US)emergency calls are re-routed in the Mobile Switching Center
112-re-routing
PSAPPublic Safety Answering Point
PSAPPublic Safety Answering Point
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 18
ESMS IS THE Low cost, future proof e-call solution› eSMS is independent of voice path
– No interruptions of the call– No limitations on voice path evolution– No dependency on Codec selection
› eSMS is simple to implement– Uses standard building blocks – minimum cost for all– Minimal impact on the fixed and mobile Networks– Decoupling of Networks and PSAP migration possible, once-and-for-all Network-upgrade
› eSMS is faster under all conditions
› eSMS has widest radio coverage
› eSMS is future proof– Bi-directional data exchange between Car and PSAP– Allows encryption– Easy to expand service – send more data– Can be also be beneficial for TPS-eCall
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 20
Cellular communication Ad-hoc communication
Intersection assistant
Hazard warnings
Infotainment
Software download
Remote Diagnostics
Lane changeassistantCooperative
traffic lights
Traffic information
Remote Navigation
2G (GSM/EDGE)
3G (HSPA)
4G (LTE)
IEEE 802.11p (ad-hoc) on 5.9 GHz
Collisionavoidance
ITS technology mappingApplication Areas: Cellular vs. AD-Hoc
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 21
COCAR – A German research and demo project
Cellular Communication System
External Service Provider
Traffic Management Center
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 22
CAR2CAR road hazard warnings over cellular
!
!
!
!
Geo-Messagingenabler
RHW service center
Road Hazard Warningaccident, emergency breaking, bad
road condition, road works, slow vehicle
Traffic Information updates
traffic condition & warnings
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 23
Demonstrated scenarios
BackendSystem
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 24
CoCar DemonstrationLive - May 2009 in Munich
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 25
CoCar ArchitectureGeneral Overview
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 26
Capacity and performance
› Road traffic and telecom traffic simulation› Highway crossing and existing telecom network layout› 2000 cars in movement – traffic jams and incidents
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 27
Results
› Car to car delay less than 500ms› Existing telecom network can provide the service when
“smart channels” for up-link and down-link (broadcast) are used
0 100 200 300 400 5000
102030405060708090
100
uplinkdownlinktotal
Simulation of Frankfurt crossing, with 2000 equipped vehicles
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 28
Highway drive testAlert Message Performance in UMTS
› Driving measurements in Vodafone 3G/HSPA network on 140 km Autobahn
› Speed between 90 – 140 km/h
› Fast and resource efficient communication using shared channels possible
› Result: Vehicle-to-vehicle delay below 500 ms
Dedicated channel Shared channel
Delay (ms)
CD
F (%
)
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 29
Tokyo High way(Suidobashi – Atsugi)
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 30
2 Networks x 2 Channels
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Delay [msec]
C.D
.F [%
]
Op-A DCHOp-A FACHOp-B DCHOp-B FACH
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 31
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121 127 133 139 145
Sequence #
Del
ay [m
sec]
UpDownTotal
The effect of cell hand-over
10:33 Suidobashi
11:24 HonAtsugiTomei HW AtsugiShutoko
Max 2356 msecMin 68 msecAve 173.5 msecDrop 1 times
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 32
CoCAR IS EXTENDEDNEW PARTNERS – FOCUS on LTE
› LTE-based car communication› Service Platform based on IMS› Heterogeneous vehicle communication
network (4G and 802.11p)› Road traffic data management› Proof-of-concept and verification
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 33
LTE in automotive applications
› Better performance– Lower latency– Higher throughput– Better scalability
› Lower cost– Lower OPEX– All-IP– Simplified architecture and management
› Better coverage› More flexible spectrum usage› Drive tests planned as test networks become
available
< 5 s< 500 msIdle< 500 ms< 100 msAttached (typical case)
80 ms30 msAttached (optimal case)HSPALTEConnection status
Car-to-car delay
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 34
Heterogeneous communicationArchitecture
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 35
Heterogeneous communicationCase 1: Warning messages
› System capacity sufficient for most typical scenarios› Intelligent backend helps reducing duplicate downlink
messages› Traffic management centers in the loop› In combination with 802.11p or standalone
Mobile Network
CoCarX Backend
Direct communication using pWLAN broadcast (with routing through multiple hops)
Communication through network infrastructure and backend
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 36 3636
Common Goals
8% of households withoutbroadband internet connection
Goal:Secure, high performance data access via broadband network for better user experience and fast car-to-car-communication.
The Federal Government’s Broadband strategy
Goal:The Federal government intends to give a massive boost to the development of the broadband networkin Germany.
• Proper spectrum• Powerful technology
Mobile network solution requires:
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 37
37
LTE / HSDPA - Top speed(indoor)
Digital Dividend• Switch over to digital broadcast technology frees
spectrum at 800 MHz („digital dividend“)• Network deployment started immediately after spectrum
auction in summer 2010, commercial launch in Dec. 2010
• Advantages of this spectrum: very good electrical wave propagation and indoor coverage
UKW108 MHz
Light500.000.000 MHz
UMTS2.100 MHz
TV500 MHz
GSM900 MHz
Digital Dividend800 MHz
Propagation
Penetration-
+
UMTS 2.100
LTE 800
UMTS 2.100
LTE 800
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 38
CoverageVodafone projections Germany
UMTS/HSPA today Future LTE/HSPA
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 39
LTE car-to-Car delayMeasurement setup
Measurement Setup Routes Düsseldorf
LTE 2.6LTE 0.8
You ar
e her
e
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 40
LTE car-to-Car delayResults (1)
UM
TS 2009
UM
TS 2011
LTE 2011
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 41
LTE car-to-Car delayResults (2)
› Placing reflector in operator network brings small gain
~15ms
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 42
LTE Capacity evaluationCase 1: Warning messages
› Limiting: Downlink data channel capacity
› 1Hz average message rate per sender
› Distribution of messages to cars in same cell
› Comparison of average of 1, 10, 20, 40 cars per cell with hazard to report
› Stable results for 10 senders per cell
› Car-to-car delay < 200 ms even under load
› Linear scaling for other parameter sets
Event notification messages handled well for typical scenarios
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 43
LTE Capacity evaluationCase 2: Periodic messages
› Limiting: Downlink signaling channel capacity
› Downlink filtering: 10 or 40 cars in vicinity
› Message rate 2 Hz and 10 Hz compared
› Substantial system data and signaling load generated
› Lowering message rate and good downlink filtering required to manage load
Cooperative awareness messages possible,but require significant adaptations
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 44 4444
Results› Real-time integration and analysis of traffic data enabled› Flexible framework for the real-time assessment of data quality values› Architecture is efficient and flexible › Well suited to evaluate and realize traffic applications
Live Demo: Traffic State Estimationaround Düsseldorf
Video: Queue End Detection
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 45
Impressions from the CoCarX Final EventDüsseldorf, May 25, 2011
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 46
3G/LTE and 5.9 GHz inHeterogeneous Communication
Live demo intersection assistant
BMW communicates with motorcycle via 802.11p
3G (HSPA) communication with CoCarX vehicle
Warning and automatic breaking in crossing
Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | Page 47
› Cellular networks will provide advanced ITS services!› To make cost effective and future proof solutions you need
deep insight in the networks features and functions!› Smart phones and connected navigators “already in all
cars” can receive ITS information – a rapid uptake of services possible!
Conclusions
< 500 ms