The Birth of Modernism, Jugendstil, and Expressionism
Joanna Nixon
A. E. G. High Tension Factory
Peter Behrens - 1910 Early Modern Style Built toward the
growing industrial industry, the building gives “architectural dignity” to a workplace by adding a monumental glass and iron frame over the building with the help of trusses.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpg/800px-AEG_by_Peter_Behrens.jpg
Hackesche Höfe
Kurt Berndt and August Endell - 1906 Jugendstil (art nouveau in German-speaking countries) Eight courtyards built to originally built to bring together residential
(officers and workers), commercial (multi-story factories), and cultural spaces (ballroom)
© Joanna Nixon, 2010© Joanna Nixon, 2010
Bröhan‐Museum
Houses Art Nouveau, Art Deco and Functionalism
Founded by Karl H. Bröhan Arranged for presentation – goes
through the Art Nouveau period through Art Deco and Functionalism by way of pieces of glass, ceramics, porcelain, silver, and metal work in combination with furniture, carpets, and lighting
Houses French and Belgian as well as German and Scandinavian Art Nouveau Metal and glass early industrial
design© Joanna Nixon, 2010
Einsteinturm
Erich Mendelsohn - 1919 1919 Tower is the main example for
architectural expressionism with its fluid and progressive form that connected science and art Comes from the “mystique
around Einstein’s universe” – Erich Mendelsohn Einstein was not
impressed Used as a solar observatory
until WWII to support/refute Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity
http://www.aip.de/image_archive/images/einsteinturm_7443_xl.jpg
Kunstgewerbemuseum
One site is at Kulturforum Potsdamer Platz, designed by Rolf Gutbrod and built up in the 1980’s
The other site is at Köpenick Palace, which was built between 1677 and 1689 in Baroque style Art from the Renaissance,
Baroque, and Rococo styles are displayed here
http://www.berlin.de/orte/museum/kunstgewerbemuseum/11_Kunstgewerbemuseum_360_270.jpg
Works Cited
• http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/A._E._G._High_Tension_Fac.html• http://www.german-architecture.info/BER-001.htm• http://www.aviewoncities.com/berlin/hackeschehofe.htm• http://www.berlin.de/stadttouren/360/hackesche_hoefe/index.en.php• http://www.broehan-museum.de/en_museum.html• http://www.broehan-museum.de/infoseiten/a_en_artdeco.html• http://www.aip.de/einsteinturm/• http://atlasobscura.com/places/einsteinturm-0• http://
www.smb.spk-berlin.de/smb/sammlungen/details.php?lang=en&objID=7• http://
www.smb.museum/smb/standorte/index.php?lang=en&p=2&objID=6369&n=2&r=1
• http://www.smb.spk-berlin.de/smb/sammlungen/details.php?lang=en&objID=18812
• http://www.smb.spk-berlin.de/smb/kalender/details.php?objID=17482&lang=en&typeId=10
• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/faience+
THE BAUHAUS AND INTERNATIONAL STYLE
Ricky Mastropole
Neue Nationalgalerie (New National Gallery)
Architect Mies van der Rohe and it
was opened in 1968
The Neue Nationalgalerie was opened in 1968 as the counterpart to the Nationalgalerie located on the Museumsinsel Berlin (Museums Island Berlin) in the eastern part of the city. As part of the Reunification, a collection of 20th century art is now located in the spectacular building
New National Gallery the Neue Nationalgalerie is considered one
of the foremost examples of modernist structural abstraction.
Considered one of the most perfect statements of his architectural approach, the upper pavilion is a precise composition of monumental steel columns and a cantilevered (overhanging) roof plane with a glass enclosure. The simple square glass pavilion is a powerful expression of his ideas about flexible interior space, defined by transparent walls and supported by an external structural frame. The glass pavilion is a relatively small portion of the overall building, serving as a symbolic architectural entry point and monumental gallery for larger scale art. A large podium building below the pavilion accommodates most of the buildings actual built area in more functional spaces for galleries, support and utilitarian rooms.
The Bauhaus
Founded by Walter Gropius who was an architect, but nothing seems to say whether or not he actually designed the building
Although neither the Nazi Party nor Hitler himself had a cohesive architectural policy before they came to power in 1933, Nazi writers like Wilhelm Frick and Alfred Rosenberg had already labeled the Bauhaus "un-German" and criticized its modernist styles, deliberately generating public controversy over issues like flat roofs. Increasingly through the early 1930s, they characterized the Bauhaus as a front for communists and social liberals. Indeed, a number of communist students loyal to Meyer moved to the Soviet Union when he was fired in 1930.
• Even before the Nazis came to power, political pressure on Bauhaus had increased. But the Nazi regime was determined to crack down on what it saw as the foreign, probably Jewish influences of "cosmopolitan modernism." Despite Gropius's protestations that as a war veteran and a patriot his work had no subversive political intent, the Berlin Bauhaus was pressured to close in April 1933.
• However, the most important influence on Bauhaus was modernism, a cultural movement whose origins lay as far back as the 1880s, and which had already made its presence felt in Germany before the World War, despite the prevailing conservatism. The design innovations commonly associated with Gropius and the Bauhaus—the radically simplified forms, the rationality and functionality, and the idea that mass-production was reconcilable with the individual artistic spirit—were already partly developed in Germany before the Bauhaus was founded.
Unite d'Habitation
• Le Corbusier 1952• The giant, twelve-story apartment
block for 1.600 people is the late modern counterpart of the mass housing schemes of the 1920s, similarly built to alleviate a severe postwar housing shortage.
• The Marseille unité d'habitation brings together Le Corbusier's vision for communal living with the needs and realities of post-war France. Up to 1600 people live in a single-slab 'vertical village', complete with an internal shopping street halfway up, a recreation ground and children's' nursery on the roof, and a generous surrounding area of park land made possible by the density of the accommodation in the slab itself
• The Unité introduced the world to raw concrete - béton brut - with its texture defined by the wooden planks shaping it when it was poured. This unwitting prototype for the New Brutalism to follow came from necessity: not only was there insufficient steel in post-war France for a steel construction, but there was insufficient skilled labor for consistent, precise construction.
Berlin Philharmonic Concert Hall
• Hans Scharoun 1960-1963• Lotteries were held to help raise
money for the build of the concert hall
• an asymmetric structure with a tent-like concrete roof, whose exterior exactly reflects the functional design of the interior.
• It is a singular building, asymmetrical and tentlike, with a main concert hall in the form of a pentagon. The seating offers excellent positions from which to view the stage through the irregularly increasing height of the benches. The stage is at the center of the hall, providing an extraordinary atmosphere for both the artists and the viewers. The acoustics are excellent
POSTMODERNISM IIBy Clayton Price
Potsdamer Platz
Postmodernism uses a lot of glass
Makes the buildings seem more impressive
Many times the buildings are very large.
Potsdamer Platz
This is a glass dome above the common grounds of the sony center
It is 100m across and is very tall
Galeries Lafayette
This shopping center is made of glass and is a spectacle to see
This is among the fanciest shopping street in Berlin, fitting in with many modern buildings
Sony Center
The Sony center that has housing for the DB bank
It is a 26 story building with the exterior covered in glass
POST-MODERNISM IN BERLIN
John Taylor
Berlin Hauptbanhof
Main Train station of BerlinMain railway station in Berlin
Europe's largest two-level railwayLocated on Historic Lehrter Bahnhof
Opened in 2006Designed by Gerken, Marg and Partners
BundeskanzleramtHome to the Executive Branch of the German Government and its Chancellor
Designed by Wayss and FreytagCompleted in 2001
Reichstag Dome and BuildingDesigned by Norman Foster
Completed in 1999Provides a 360 degree view of Berlin Cityscape
German History MuseumDesigned by I. M. PeiCompleted in 2004
Dutch EmbassyDesigned by Rem Koolhaas
Finished in 2003
Scandinavian EmbassyCopper llamellas
Designed by Berger + Parkkinen