Monitoring Climate Change Adaptation: Kenyas Experience Stephen
M Kinguyu National Climate Change Secretariat Ministry of
Environment,Water & Natural Resources (Kenya)
[email protected]/[email protected] www.kccap.info OECD
Task Team on Climate Change Development Cooperation Zrich,
Switzerland: 09-10 April 2014
v v 1. Introduction Kenyas National Performance and Benefit
Measurement Framework (NPBMF or MRV+) was one of the deliverables
of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP). The NPBMF is:
An integrated framework for monitoring, evaluating and reporting
mitigation and adaptation actions, and synergies between them.
Incorporate MRV of GHG emissions and mitigation activities and
M&E of adaptation activities. To sit within a wider framework;
use established institutions; minimise need for extra staff. The
MRV+ system will assist Kenya to: Implement concrete climate change
response actions in the form of policies, projects, programmes or
business ventures. Formalise and institutionalise national &
international reporting obligations (GHG inventory; NCs; and BURs).
Demonstrate Kenyas climate finance readiness and provide a strong
platform for attracting climate finance flows. NCCAP implementation
will highly depend on the internal feedback generated through MRV
processes. 09/04/20142 SMK 2014
v v 2. Kenyas NCCAP process 2010: NCCRS Launch Impacts &
vulnerabilities Propose response measures Action Plan with limited
costing NCCAP Early 2011 ToRs & Resource Mobilisation 2011-2012
Launch process & Design Stakeholder consultations Technical
Analysis Technical Validation Finalisation Nov 2012: Validation
March 2013: Launch 09/04/20143 SMK 2014
2.1 NCCAP Components & output streams 09/04/20144 1. Low
Carbon Climate Resilient Development Pathway 2. Enabling Policy and
Regulatory Framework 3. ADAPTATION 4. MITIGATION
9.Coordination&Management 5. National Technology Action Plan 6.
National Performance & Benefit Measurement 7. Knowledge
Management & Capacity Development 8. Finance ENABLERS SMK
2014
3. Kenyas Conceptual MRV+ Framework Addresses three core
elements: Institutional Legal; and Procedural arrangements
Components DSROAs; CCRDR; Indicators & BaselinesWG; Data &
QA/QCWG. Actions tracking tool. 09/04/2014SMK 20145 Datasupply
Dataandmetadatafromofficialandothersources. Nationalandsubnational
Development projects analysis (MRV, M&E) Mitigation, NAMA
analysis MRV Reporting System (MRV+ system Steering Committee)
ClimateChangeRelevantData Repository(CCRDR) Raw/simpledata
BasicQA/QC,completeness,timeliness Indicator and baseline WG DSROAs
to ensure reporting Processed and checked data TAGM Processed and
checked data CCRDR Processed data CCRDR Reports TAGD GHG Inventory
Analysis MRV SynergiesandProjectInterface(SPI)
Tocoordinateandharmonisetheinformation
requestedbyTAGsviatheDSROsformitigation,
adaptionanddevelopmentprojects.Tocompletethe
synergyanalysisandmakethatinformationavailable todecisionmakers.
Data QA/QC WG DSROAs to ensure data supply Adaptation, NAP analysis
M&E TAGA TAGGHGI GHG Technical Team (FUs & TWGs) Emissions
estimates DeliverablesData processing, quality controlData
provision National / subnational planning and monitoring V2030 MTP
NIMES KNBS County (47) Climate Change obligations UNFCCC Nat Comms
BURs Climate finance readiness National registry A&M Carbon
market
v v 3.1 Proposed MRV+ Governance structure 09/04/20146 SMK 2014
Indicatorsand baselineworking group MRV+ system managementteam
(Climate Change Directorate) MRV+ systemsteering committee
Membersof each of the functional elements of the MRV+ system, key
ministries ensuring sectoral coverageand CSO representation Dataand
QA/QC working group Chair fromthe National Climate Change Council
MED coordinator KNBS coordinator GHGtechnicalteam Synergies &
PI Technical AnalysisGroups Climate Change Relevant Data Repository
(CCRDR) KNBS manager
v v 4. Adaptation Monitoring & Evaluation approach
09/04/2014SMK 20147 TrackingAdaptation and Measuring Development
(TAMD) developed by IIED. Rather than measuring climate impacts or
risk,TAMD indicators reflect: Institutional adaptive capacity
(top-down adaptations); Vulnerability (bottom-up adaptations).
Actions focusing on the development end of the adaptation continuum
are measured, rather than costly technological fixes that may have
limited developmental benefits. TAMD has been tried elsewhere
especially in Isiolo County (Kenya) under the National Drought
ManagementAuthority (NDMA). Kenyan stakeholders preferred climate
change to be integrated in development rather than being treated as
standalone.
v v 4.1 Indicators selection criteria 09/04/2014SMK 20148 Used
vulnerabilities that were flagged by stakeholders during the county
consultations and considered: The measurability of the
indicator:Those indicators that could be measured using few data
sets and for which data are/ could be easily accessible were
favoured over those that did not have these characteristics. The
scope for cross-sectoral benefits from the adaptation actions
underpinning the indicator:For example, a climate resilient road
network was considered particularly important because of its
importance to the economy in general, in particular the movement of
agricultural produce to market and tourism. The number of process
indicators covered:Indicators that could be used to reflect
progress on a large number of the national (process) indicators
that underpinned them were favoured. The potential number of
Kenyans to benefit from adaptation actions underpinning the
indicator:Indicators measuring progress on institutional adaptive
capacity that have the potential to benefit large numbers of people
were favoured.
v Top-down (institutional AC) Bottom-up (vulnerability)
09/04/2014SMK 20149 Number of people by gender permanently
displaced from their homes due to drought, flood or sea level rise
Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion % rural
households with access to water from a protected source % urban
households with access to piped water Cubic meters per capita of
water storage % of land area covered by forest % of classified
roads maintained and rehabilitated Number of urban slums with
physical and social infrastructure installed annually Number
households in need of food aid Number of County Stakeholder Fora
held on climate change. 4.2 County-level Indicator examples % of
roads made "climate resilient" or not considered vulnerable % of
new hydroelectric projects designed to cope with climate change
risk % of population by gender in areas subject to flooding and/ or
drought with access to information on rainfall forecasts % of
people by gender in permanently displaced from as a result of
flood, drought or sea-level rise % of poor farmers/fishermen with
access to credit facilities or grants % of total livestock numbers
killed by drought % of area of natural terrestrial ecosystems in
the county disturbed or damaged % of water demand met/supplied % of
poor people by gender in drought prone areas with access to
reliable and safe water supplies Number of ministries that have
received training for staff operating at county level on the costs
and benefits of adaptation, including valuation of ecosystem
services
v v 5. Challenges 09/04/2014SMK 201410 CHALLENGE SOLUTION
Quality data/information Inclusive consultative approach/
DSROAs/data repository Institutionalisation &Coordination
Proposed coordination structure Lack of adaptation indicators
Develop county consultations info. Stakeholder Ownership (GoK,
NSAs) Inclusive consultative approach/ Sensitisation Adequate
&Timely Funding Sensitisation/Use existing institutions
Aligning of donor preferences and GoK/ National priorities;
Sensitisation/Mainstreaming in planning/ budgeting Capacity
Development & Knowledge Management Capacity Development &
Knowledge Management Awareness vs. misinformation National public
awareness strategy/plan Devolved Governance structures
Sensitisation of county governments.
v v 6. Conclusions 09/04/201411 NCCAP is an important milestone
for Kenya; Contributes to implementation of Constitution;
Contributes to attainment ofVision 2030 & MDGs. NCCAP
implementation will highly depend on the internal feedback
generated through MRV processes. Enactment of Policy and Bill will
give legal backing to climate change coordination entities &
implementation of response actions. MRV framework specifically
integrated in draft policy/bill. Implementation will require
contribution of all stakeholders and partners. Final version of
MRV+ adaptation aspects in NAP by June 2014. SMK 2014