MR. LIPMAN’S APUS MR. LIPMAN’S APUS CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER ONE POWERPOINTPOWERPOINT
Early European SettlementEarly European Settlement
Europeans Cross AfricaEuropeans Cross Africa
1295 – Marco Polo returned from 20 1295 – Marco Polo returned from 20 years in Chinayears in China Told stories (and wrote a book) of Told stories (and wrote a book) of
adventures adventures Evidence actually in China is weak Evidence actually in China is weak Stimulated European interest in cheaper Stimulated European interest in cheaper
route to Eastroute to East
1450 – Portuguese 2 breakthroughs in sailing1450 – Portuguese 2 breakthroughs in sailing Before – European sailors refused to sail southward Before – European sailors refused to sail southward
along coast of West Africa along coast of West Africa • Could not sail back (north) against wind and Could not sail back (north) against wind and
currents (both flowing from north to south) currents (both flowing from north to south)
1. Caravel – ship that could sail more closely into 1. Caravel – ship that could sail more closely into (against) the wind(against) the wind
2. Discovered they could sail back to Europe by 2. Discovered they could sail back to Europe by sailing northwest to Azores (islands off coast of sailing northwest to Azores (islands off coast of Spain) and then to Europe Spain) and then to Europe
Portuguese Portuguese Exploration Exploration Along the Along the
African African CoastCoast
Columbus Comes upon a New Columbus Comes upon a New WorldWorld
Events leading up to discovery of New World Events leading up to discovery of New World Europeans wanted more products from Asia Europeans wanted more products from Asia Africa established as source of cheap slave laborAfrica established as source of cheap slave labor Portuguese show feasibility of long-range voyages Portuguese show feasibility of long-range voyages Spain – modern nation-state took shape with unity, Spain – modern nation-state took shape with unity,
wealth, power to explore faraway placeswealth, power to explore faraway places Renaissance (began in 1300s) gave Europeans Renaissance (began in 1300s) gave Europeans
adventurous spirit and thirst for knowledge adventurous spirit and thirst for knowledge Printing presses (1450) allowed spread of Printing presses (1450) allowed spread of
scientific knowledge scientific knowledge Mariner’s compass invented (Arabs?)Mariner’s compass invented (Arabs?)
From New World to Old World From New World to Old World
Tobacco, beans, tomatoes, potato transformed Tobacco, beans, tomatoes, potato transformed European diet and economy European diet and economy
• 3/5 of crops today originally came from Americas 3/5 of crops today originally came from Americas
Maize, manioc (starchy tuberous root, similar to a Maize, manioc (starchy tuberous root, similar to a potato), sweet potatoes fed Africa potato), sweet potatoes fed Africa
• Ironically may have fed African population boom that Ironically may have fed African population boom that offset the population loss from the slave trade offset the population loss from the slave trade
New animals like iguana and rattlesnake New animals like iguana and rattlesnake
Syphilis introduced in Old World for 1Syphilis introduced in Old World for 1stst time time
From Old World to New World From Old World to New World
Cattle, swine, horses Cattle, swine, horses • Horses spread to Mexico and up to Canada Horses spread to Mexico and up to Canada • Great Plains Indians – Apaches, Sioux, Blackfoot Great Plains Indians – Apaches, Sioux, Blackfoot
adopted the horse and were transformed into highly adopted the horse and were transformed into highly mobile, wide-ranging hunter societiesmobile, wide-ranging hunter societies
Sugar caneSugar cane• Brought by Columbus and thrived in Caribbean Brought by Columbus and thrived in Caribbean • ““sugar revolution” in European diet, fueled by slave labor sugar revolution” in European diet, fueled by slave labor
Seeds of Kentucky bluegrass, dandelions, daisies Seeds of Kentucky bluegrass, dandelions, daisies
Smallpox, yellow fever, malaria Smallpox, yellow fever, malaria
The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange
Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
The Conquest of MexicoThe Conquest of Mexico
1519 – Hern1519 – Hernán Cortés sailed from Cuba to án Cortés sailed from Cuba to Mexico to conquer Aztecs Mexico to conquer Aztecs 16 fresh horses and several hundred men16 fresh horses and several hundred men
On Yucatán PeninsulaOn Yucatán Peninsula Rescued a female Indian slave who knew Rescued a female Indian slave who knew
both Mayan and Aztec languages both Mayan and Aztec languages Cortés had advantage of superior Cortés had advantage of superior
firepower and ability to understand speech firepower and ability to understand speech of the Indians he was about to conquer of the Indians he was about to conquer
Explorations of HernExplorations of Hernán Cortésán Cortés
The City of The City of TenochtitlTenochtitlánán
Principle Voyages of Principle Voyages of DiscoveryDiscovery
The Spread of Spanish AmericaThe Spread of Spanish America
1680 – Pop1680 – Popé’s Rebellioné’s Rebellion Pueblo Indians in New Mexico rebelled Pueblo Indians in New Mexico rebelled
against Spanish rule and forced Catholic against Spanish rule and forced Catholic conversion conversion
Pueblos destroyed churchs, killed scores Pueblos destroyed churchs, killed scores of priests, and hundreds of Spanish of priests, and hundreds of Spanish settlers settlers
Took nearly 50 years for Spanish to re-Took nearly 50 years for Spanish to re-conquer Pueblos after conquer Pueblos after PopPopé’s Rebellioné’s Rebellion
Explorations of Robert de La SalleExplorations of Robert de La Salle
Spanish did kill, enslave, infect countless Spanish did kill, enslave, infect countless nativesnatives But this was not a systematic slaughter But this was not a systematic slaughter
(like the Holocaust) (like the Holocaust)
Spain also brought some benefits to Spain also brought some benefits to nativesnatives• Technology, law, culture, religion Technology, law, culture, religion
Natives brought some benefits to SpanishNatives brought some benefits to Spanish
• Spanish intermarried with natives and Spanish intermarried with natives and fused native cultures into their ownfused native cultures into their own
KEYS TO THE CHAPTERKEYS TO THE CHAPTER
1. Spanish intermarry and assimilate2. English will push Indians away3. Columbian Exchange changes
world trade and begins 1st stage of globalization
4.Spanish headed West because Portugal had headed East but both were seeking to expand trade
5. Three G’s and an S
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