M.Tech.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Department of Biotechnology,
Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT),
Manipal University,
Manipal
M. Tech. – Biochemical Engineering
FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER
I
YEAR
Sub Code Subject Name L T P C Sub Code Subject Name L T P C
MAT 503
Mathematical and Numerical
Techniques in Chemical &
Biochemical Engineering 3 1 0 4 BIO 502
Bioreactor Design and
Analysis 3 1 0 4
BIO 505
Transport Phenomena in
Bioprocessing 3 1 0 4 BIO 516 Bioprocess Equipment Design 3 1 0 4
BIO 513
Advanced Biochemical
Engineering 3 1 0 4 BIO *** Program Elective I 4 0 0 4
BIO 515 Bioprocess dynamics and control 3 1 0 4 BIO *** Program Elective II 4 0 0 4
BIO 517
Advanced Downstream
Processing 3 1 0 4 BIO *** Program Elective III 4 0 0 4
HUM 501
Research Methodologies &
Technical Communication 1 2 3 2 xxx.xxx.x Open Elective 3 0 0 3
BIO 519
Upstream and Downstream
processing lab 0 0 6 2 BIO 518
Bioprocess dynamics and
control lab 0 0 6 2
BIO 544 Seminar 0 0 3 1
TOTAL 16 7 9 24 TOTAL 21 2 9 26
II
YEAR
BIO 699 Project Work 0 0 0 40
TOTAL 0 0 0 40
LIST OF PROGRAMME ELECTIVES
BIO 524 Biopharmaceuticals & Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
BIO 528 Solid waste management
BIO 530 Statistical Design and analysis of experiments in biotechnology
BIO 534 Immunotechnology
BIO 546 Biosensors
BIO 548 Bioprocess Modeling Analysis and Simulation
BIO 550 IPR issues in Biotechnology & Biosafety
BIO 552 Biological Thermodynamics
BIO 554 Multiphase Bioreactor design
BIO 556 Environmental Biotechnology
LIST OF OPEN ELECTIVES
BIO 540 Animal and Plant Biotechnology
BIO 542 Biofuels Engineering
M.Tech.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
FIRST SEMESTER
MAT 503 MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL [3 1 0 4]
TECHNIQUES IN CHEMICAL & BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Total No of periods: 48
Introduction, linear algebraic equations Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of Matrices, sparse
Matrices -Tensors and their applications. [12]
Non linear algebraic equations function evaluation-least square curve fit-Newton inter-polation
formula-orthogonal polynomials and functions-ordinary differential equations initial value
problems and Boundary value problems - finite difference techniques. [12]
Orthogonal collocations on finite difference - Galerkin finite elements-shooting techniques
partial differential equations-finite difference technique (Method of lines) orthogonal collocation
on finite elements. [12]
The Galerkin finite Element technique-variational forms of PDE’s. Sturm-Louiville theory-
separation of variables and Fourier Transforms-Green’s function-uniqueness conditions for
linear and Nonlinear systems, steady state characteristics of Nonlinear Dynamical systems-
Linear stability and Limit cycles-secondary Bifurcations and chaos. [12]
Text / Reference Books:
1. Mathematical Methods in Chemical Engineering S.Pushpavanam, PHI, 1998.
2. Numerical methods for Engineer BySanthoshK.Gupta. Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Owen T. Hanna and Orville C. Sandall“Computations methods in Chemical Engineering”
PHI, 1998.
4. Davis, H.T. and Thomson K., Linear Algebra and Linear operators in Engineering with
applications of mathematica, Academic Press, 2000
BIO 505 TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN BIOPROCESSING [3 1 0 4]
Total No of periods: 48
Introduction [03]
Introduction to Transport Phenomena – momentum, heat and mass transfer in bioprocessing
Momentum transfer [15]
Review of basic concepts – Conservation of Mass, Conservation of Energy, Momentum Balance
– Momentum Balance in a Circular Pipe, Flow Velocity Profile; Fermentation Broth Rheology –
Viscosity, Rheological Properties of Fermentation Broths, Factors affecting broth viscosity;
Mixing in a Bioreactor – Flow regimes with and without baffles, various types ofimpellers and
mixing equipment. Power Requirements for Mixing, Ungassed Newtonian Fluids, Gassed Fluids,
Improving Mixing in Fermenters, Effect of Rheological Properties on Mixing, Role of Shear in
Stirred Fermenters
Heat Transfer [15]
Review of basic concepts – Various modes of heat transfer, viz., conduction convection and
radiation. Design Equations for Heat Transfer Systems – Energy Balance, Calculation of Heat-
Transfer Coefficients.
Application of heat transfer in bioprocessing, Heat Management in Bioreactors, Relationship
between heat transfer, cell concentration and stirring conditions
Mass transfer [15]
Review of basic concepts – Diffusivity, theory of diffusion, analogy between mass, heat and
momentum transfer, role of diffusion in bioprocessing. Definition of binary mass transfer
coefficients, transfer coefficients at high mass transfer rates- boundary layer theory, penetration
theory.Convective mass transfer – Liquid-solid mass transfer, liquid-liquid mass transfer, gas
liquid mass transfer.
Oxygen transport to microbial cultures – Gas liquid mass transfer fundamentals, oxygen
requirement of microbial cultures.Oxygen requirements of microbial cultures oxygen mass
transfer fundamentals.oxygen transfer and oxygen demand. Oxygen transfer by aeration and
agitation.Determination of oxygen mass transfer coefficient by various methods including
dynamic gassing out and oxygen balance methods.
Text / Reference Books:
1. Arthur T. Johnson, Biological Process Engineering: An Analogical Approach to Fluid
Flow, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer Applied to Biological Systems, John Wiley and
Sons, 1998.
2. Pauline M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles, Academic Press, 1995.
3. Blanch H.W and Douglas S. C, Biochemical Engineering, CRC Press, 1997.
4. Michael L Shuler andFikretKargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts,Prentice-Hall
of India Pvt Ltd, 2008.
BIO 513 ADVANCED BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING [3 1 0 4]
Total No of periods: 48
Microbial diversity and taxonomy, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Types of Microorganisms;
Study of microscopes; general structural organization of bacteria and other microorganisms;
Uses of Microorganisms – Food, Pharmaceuticals, Industrial chemicals, Biopolymer, Biofuel,
Pesticide & Fertilizer [06]
Medium requirements for fermentation processes- Carbon, nitrogen, minerals, vitamins and other
complex nutrients; oxygen requirements; Criteria for good medium, Medium formulation for
optimal growth and product formation- examples of simple and complex media; Design and
usage of various commercial media for industrial fermentations, medium optimization methods
[06]
Strategies for isolation and preservation of microorganisms, Improvement of Industrial
Microorganisms, random mutagenesis, genetic engineering of strain improvement – Enzymes
used in genetic engineering, cloning vectors, cloning methodologies. [08]
Thermal death kinetics of microorganisms; Batch & Continuous heat -Sterilization of Liquid
media; Filter sterilization of liquid media, Design of Sterilization Equipments [06]
Proteins as enzymes; Classification of Enzymes; Mechanism of Enzyme Action; Michaelis-
Menten kinetics; Enzyme Inhibition Kinetics; Effect of pH and temperature, Enzyme
Immobilization – methods, mass transfer considerations, kinetics of immobilized enzyme
reactions [08]
Stoichiometry of Cell growth and product formation, elemental balances, degrees of reduction of
substrate and biomass, available electron balances, yield coefficients of biomass and product
formation, maintenance coefficients energetic analysis of microbial growth and product
formation, oxygen consumption and heat evolution in aerobic cultures, thermodynamic
efficiency of growth [06]
Phases of cell growth in batch cultures, Microbial Growth Kinetics – examples and derivation of
unstructured & structured kinetic models; Growth of Filamentous Organisms. Growth associated
(primary) and non-growth associated (secondary) product formation kinetics; LeudekingPiret
models; substrate and product inhibition on cell growth and product formation [08]
Text /Reference Books:
1. Michael Shuler and FikretKargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts, 2nd Edition,
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2002.
2. J. E. Bailey and D. F. Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, 2nd Edition, Mc-
Graw Hill, Inc., 1986.
3. Pauline Doran, Bioprocess engineering principles, 1st Edition, Academic Press, 1995.
4. Stanbury P.E., Whitaker A., Hall S.J, Principles of Fermentation Technology, 2nd
Edition, Pergamon Press, 1995.
5. Harvey W. Blanch, Douglas S. Clark, Biochemical Engineering, 2nd Edition, Marcel
Dekker, Inc, 1997.
BIO 515 BIOPROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL [3 1 0 4]
Introduction, need for process control, design elements of a control system, Hardware for a
process control system [4]
Development of mathematical models, modeling considerations for process control purpose,
Degrees of control freedom [3]
Time Domain dynamics and Control classifications and definitions, Linearization and
Perturbationvariables, Responses of simple first and second order linear-time-invariant systems
[8]
Dynamic behaviour of First order and Second order systems, Solution using Simulink [3]
Laplace transformssolutions of linear differential equations using Laplace transforms [2]
Types controller actions, on-off control, PID control- dynamic behavior of feedback
controlled(PID) processes,Final control elements and characteristics. [6]
Stability Analysis of Feedback Systems-Notion of Stability, characteristic equation, Routh-
Hurwitzcriterion for stability, Root Locus Analysis, frequency response methods, PID
controllertuning. [6]
Advanced Control Systems- Cascade control, Over-ride Control, feed forward control, Ratio
control, Inverse response, Control system design concepts. [6]
Matrix Algebra, State-space methods, MIMO systems-interaction-RGA-Multivariable controller
tuningOver view of model predictive control [12]
Text / Reference Books:
1. Essentials of Process control, William L. Luyben and Michael L. Luyben, McGraw Hill
Inc, 1997
2. George Stephanopoulos Chemical Process Control-An Introduction to theory and
Practice, Prentice Hall International.
3. Process System Analysis and Control, Donald R. Coughanowr, McGraw Hill Science,
1991.
4. Wayne Bequette, “Process Control: Modeling design and simulation”, Prentice Hall
Publishing, 2003.
5. Dale E. Seborg, Duncan A. Mellichamp, Thomas F. Edgar and Francis J. Doyle, Process
Dynamics and control, John Wiley and sons, 2011.
6. Carlos A. Smith and Armando B. Corripio,”Principles and Practices of Automatic
Process Control”, John Wiley, 2005.
7. Process Control, Peter Harriott, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
BIO 517 ADVANCED DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING[3 1 0 4]
Total No of periods: 48
Role of Downstream Processing in Biotechnology: [04]
Role and importance of downstream processing in biotechnological processes.Problems and
requirements of bioproduct purification.Economics and downstream processing in
Biotechnology. Cost cutting strategies, characterstics of biological mixtures, process design
criteria for various classes of bioproducts (high volume-low value products and low volume-
high value products), physicochemical basis of bio-separation processes.
Primary Separation and Recovery Processes: [04]
Cell disruption methods for intracellular products, removal of insolubles, biomass (and
particulate debris) separation techniques; flocculation and sedimentation, centrifugation and
filtration methods
Precipitation methods: [04]
Precipitation with salts, organic solvents & polymers
Extraction: [06]
Batch extractions, staged extractions-cross current, co current, counter current extractions.
Differential extractions, fractional extractions with a stationary phase, fractional extractions with
two moving phases.
Aqueous two-phase extraction: [06]
Reverse micelle extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, in-situ product removal/integrated
bioprocessing
Membrane-based separations (micro- & ultra-filtration): [06]
Theory; design & configuration of membrane separation equipment; applications; reverse
osmosis, dialysis, electro dialysis, Isoelectric focusing
Adsorption: [06]
Adsorption isotherms, industrial adsorbents, adsorption equipments for batch and continuous
operations (co current and counter current), adsorption in fixed beds.
Chromatography: [06]
Principles of chromatographic separation – gel filtration, reversed phase, hydrophobic
interaction, ion-exchange, expanded bed adsorption, bio affinity and IMAC, supercritical fluid
chromatography.
Case studies: [06]
Preparation of commercial enzymes: Continuous isolation of enzyme prolyl-t RNA synthetase
from mung bean, Intracellular foreign proteins from recombinant E.coli and extracellular
enzyme (protease) recovery; Purification of biosurfactants from fermentation broths.
Text / Reference Books:
1. Belter P.A, Cussler E and Wei Shan Hu, Bioseparation – Downstream Processing for
Biotechnology, Wiley Interscience, 1988.
2. Asenjo and Juan A. Asenjo,Separation Processes in Biotechnology, CRC Press, 1990.
3. Wankat P.C, Rate Controlled Separation, Kluwer Publishers, 1990.
4. Wang D.I.C, Cooney C.L, Demain A.L, Dunnil.P, Humphery A.E. and Lilly M.D.
Fermentation and Enzyme Technology, John Wiley and Sons, 1979.
HUM 501 RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND [1 2 3 2]
TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION
Total No of periods: 24
Mechanics of Research Methodology
Basic concepts: Types of research, Significance of research, Research framework, Case
study method, Experimental method, Sources of data, Data collection using
questionnaire, Interviewing, and experimentation.
Research formulation: Components, selection and formulation of a research problem,
Objectives of formulation, and Criteria of a good research problem.
Research hypothesis: Criterion for hypothesis construction, Nature of hypothesis, Need
for having a working hypothesis, Characteristics and Types of hypothesis, Procedure for
hypothesis testing.
Sampling Methods: Introduction to various sampling methods and their applications.
Data Analysis: Sources of data, Collection of data, Measurement and scaling technique,
and Different techniques of Data analysis.
Thesis Writing and Journal Publication
Writing thesis, Writing journal and conference papers, IEEE and Harvard styles of
referencing, Effective Presentation, Copyrights, and avoiding plagiarism.
Text / Reference Books
1. DrRanjit Kumar,Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, SAGE, 2005.
2. Geoffrey R. Marczyk, David DeMatteo& David Festinger, Essentials of Research Design
and Methodology,John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
3. John W. Creswel , Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods
Approaches,SAGE, 2004
4. Suresh C. Sinha and Anil K. Dhiman, Research Methodology (2 Vols-Set),Vedam Books,
2006.
5. C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques,New Age International
Publisher, 2008.
6. Donald R Cooper & Pamela S Schindler ,Business Research Methods,McGraw Hill
International, 2007.
7. R. Pannershelvam, Research Methodology,Prentice Hall, India, 2006
8. Manfred Max Bergman,Mixed Methods Research,SAGE Books, 2006.
9. Paul S. Gray, John B. Williamson, David A. Karp, John R. Dalphin, The Research
Imagination, Cambridge University press, 2007.
10. Cochrain& Cox, Experimental Designs, II Edn. Wiley Publishers, 2006.
BIO 519 Upstream and Downstream processing lab [0 0 6 2]
Experiments are based on Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, Molecular biology &rDNA
technology course works.
SECOND SEMESTER
BIO 502 BIOREACTOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS [3 1 0 4]
Total No of periods: 48
Introduction and Review of Bio-reaction engineering concepts, Mass transfer effects in
heterogeneous reaction [04]
Stirred tank batch bioreactor: stirred batch bio reactor for enzymes, cell cultures [03]
Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactor : Continuous operation of mixed reactor, enzyme
reactions in a mixed reactor, performance equation for M-M kinetics, substrate inhibition
kinetics and product inhibition kinetics, chemostat with cell cultures –steady state cell and
substrate concentrations and productivity as a function of dilution rate, CSTR with immobilized
enzymes, operation of CSTR in a constant feed rate policy-simulation for conversions with and
without diffusion limitations, chemostat in series, Graphical design [06]
Plug Flow and Packed Bed Bioreactor: Performance equation with Michelin-Menten kinetics,
substrate inhibition and product inhibition, plug flow reactor for immobilized enzymes,
operation of plug flow reactor in constant feed rate policy, simulation for conversion with and
without diffusion limitations [06]
Fed–batch reactor: Applications of fed reactor, Fed batch operation of mixed reactor, material
balance on cell and substrate [03]
Recycle system: Chemostat with recycle, Biological waste water treatment, Feed forward
control of the activated sludge process [04]
The Transient Behavior of Bioreactors: Stability analysis, Stability of the chemostat, Stability
of chemostat with substrate inhibition, Operating diagram, Transient responses of the chemostat,
control of the chemostat, Turbidostat operation, Nutristat operation [06]
Design of a fermenter: Basic function of a fermenter for microbial or animal cell culture, basic
bioreactor design criteria, overview of bioreactor types-stirred tank bioreactor, bubble column
bioreactor, air-lift reactor, propeller loop reactor, jet loop reactor, schematic overview of a
fermenter with control system, operating issues that affect reactor design, aeration and oxygen
mass transfer in bioreactor system [04]
Instrumentation and control: Methods of measuring process variables, measurement and
control of dissolved oxygen, pH and foam measurements [04]
Non-ideal flow: Non-ideal flow, RTD, E,C,F-curves, micro & Macro fluid, conversion
calculation for Macrofluid [08]
Text / Reference Books:
1. Blanch H.W and Douglas S. Clark, Biochemical Engineering, CRC Press, 1997.
2. Michael L Shuler andFikretKargi, Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts, Prentice-Hall of
India Pvt Ltd, 2008.
3. Stanbury P.F., Whitaker A. and Hall S.J, Principles of Fermentation Technology.Elsevier
India Pvt Ltd, 2007.
4. Arthur T. Johnson, Biological Process Engineering: An Analogical Approach to Fluid Flow,
Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer Applied to Biological Systems, John Wiley and Sons,
1998.
5. Pauline M. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles. Academic Press, 1995.
6. Rao D.G., Introduction to Biochemical Engineering. Tata McGraw-Hill, 2005.
BIO 516 BIOPROCESS EQUIPMENT DESIGN [ 4 0 0 4 ]
Total No. periods: 48
Design of Pressure Vessels:
Codes and standards for pressure vessels, types of pressure vessels, material of construction,
selection of corrosion allowance and weld joint efficiency. Vessels for Biotechnology, piping
and valves for Biotechnology [10]
Design of fermenters:
Design criteria for fermentor, achievement &maintenance of aseptic conditions in fermentors,
Scale-up of fermenters, Design of chemostat, design of bubble column fermentor and air lift
fermentor [10]
Heat Exchangers:
Introduction, types of heat exchangers, codes and standards for heat exchangers,materials of
construction, baffles and tie rods, Design of shelland tube heat exchangers (U tube and fixed
tube) as per TEMAstandards [10]
Evaporator design:
Introduction, types of evaporators, types of feeding, design of triple effect evaporators [10]
Costing and Project Evaluation:
Cost estimation methods and economic evaluation of projects [8]
Text / Reference Books
1. “Process Equipment Design” by M.V. Joshi, McMillan India.
2. “Bioprocess Engineering-Systems, Equipment and Facilities” Edited by Bjorn K.Lydersen,
Nancy A D’elia and Kim L. Nelson. A Wiley Interscience Publication.
3. “Principles of Fermentation Technology” by PF STANBURY, S. Hall, A. Whitaker, 2nd
Edition,
Elsevier Science Publishers, 2003
4. Process equipment design” by L.E. Brownell and E. Young, John Wiley, New York,1963.
5. “Chemical Engineering Vol. 6” by J.M. Coulson, J.F. Richardson, and R.K. Sinott,Pergamon
Press.
6. Unfired Pressure Vessel Code BIS 2825
7. Code for Shell & Tube heat exchangers BIS 4503
8. Chemical Engineer’s Handbook by Perry.
BIO 524 BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Total No of Periods: 48 [4 0 0 4]
Pharmaceuticals, biologics and biopharmaceuticals [08]
Introduction to pharmaceutical products, Biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical biotechnology,
Biopharmaceuticals: current status and future, Pharmaco-Kinetics- absorption of drugs,
distribution of drugs, protein binding of drugs, Basic Issues in the Manufacture of
Macromoleucles, Traditional pharmaceuticals of biological origin-animal origin, plant origin,
microbial origin.
Pharmacokinetics [08]
Biotransformation of drugs, Preclinical Pharmacokinetics , Compartment modeling- one
compartment open model , two compartment open model, multi compartment model, non linear
kinetics, bioavailability and bioequivalence, excretion of drugs, pharmacokinetics – effects of
food and fasting.
The drug development and manufacturing process [08]
Drug discovery, Patenting- Patent types, The patent application, Patenting in biotechnology, Pre-
clinical trials, Clinical trials, The role and remit of regulatory authorities-The Food and Drug
Administration, The investigational new drug application, The new drug application, European
regulations, Guides to good manufacturing practice, Formulation and Delivery Issues of
Therapeutic Proteins, Biotechnology-Derived Drug Products: Formulation Development,
Stability Testing, Filling, and Packaging.
Pharmaceutical dosage forms: [16]
Dosage Forms and Basic Preparations, Excipients for Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,
Compressed tablets, wet granulation, dry granulation or slugging, direct compression, tablet
formulation, coating, capsules, sustained action dosage form, parental, oral liquids, ointments,
recombinant blood products and therapeutic enzymes, hormones of therapeutic interest
Pharmaceutical products, Analysis and Control: laxatives – analgesics – non steroidal
contraceptives – external antiseptics – antacids and other, antibiotics – biological – hormones –
vitamins - preservation, analytical methods and test for various drugs and pharmaceuticals,
packaging techniques – quality control
Drug safety evaluation: [08]
Strategy and Phasing for Drug Safety Evaluation in the Discovery and Development of
Pharmaceuticals, Regulation of Human Pharmaceutical Safety, Acute Toxicity Testing in Drug
Safety Evaluation, Special Concerns for the Preclinical Evaluation of Biotechnology Products,
Immunotoxicology in Pharmaceutical Development, The Application of In Vitro Techniques in
Drug Safety Assessment, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance
Text / Reference Books:
1. Heinrich Klefenz ,Industrial pharmaceutical biotechnology, John Wiley sons, 2002.
2. Susanna Wu-Pong, YongyutRojanasakul, and Joseph Robinson, Biopharmaceutical drug
and design and development, Humana Press, 2007.
3. Gary Walsh, Biopharmaceuticals: Biochemistry and Biotechnology (2e), John Wiley &
Sons, 2003.
4. Herbert A Kirst, Wu-KuangYeh; Milton J, Enzyme Technologies for pharmaceutical and
biotechnological applications, WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2003.
BIO 528 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT [4 0 0 4]
Total No. of Hours: 48
Introduction to solid waste management:
Waste generation in technological society, integrated solid waste management, operation of solid
state waste management systems. Legislative Trends and Impacts: major legislation, Government
agencies. [06]
Sources, Types and Composition of solid wastes:
Determination of the composition of municipal solid wastes in the field, Physical, chemical and
biological properties of MSW; transformations of solid waste; Properties and classification of
Hazardous wastes; transformations of Hazardous waste constituents found in MSW;
Management of hazardous wastes in MSW. [10]
Engineering Principles:
Solid waste generation and collection Rates,Collection of solid waste, Separation and Processing
and Transformation of solid waste, Transfer and Transport, Disposal of solid wastes and residual
matter: The landfill method, classification and types; Layout and preliminary design of landfills
[12]
Biological and chemical conversion technologies:
Biological principles, aerobic composting, low and high solids Anaerobic digestion,
development of anaerobic digestion processes and technologies for treatment of the organic
fraction of MSW; other biological transformation processes. Energy production from biological
conversion products, Fermentation and compost processes: Basic processes, feed stocks,
products, design parameters, reactor types, Application and economics, case histories. [14]
Solid waste management and planning issues: Meeting federal and state mandated diversion
goals:- source reduction and recycling, Implementation of solid waste management options;
planning, siting and permitting of waste management facilities [06]
Text / Reference Books:
1. Integrated solid waste management: Engineering principles and management issues by
George Tchobanoglous, 1993.
2. The solid waste handbook: A practical guide by William D Robinson, P.E., 1986.
BIO 530 STATISTICAL DESIGNS AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY [4 0 0 4]
Total No of periods: 48
Presentation & analysis of data: Errors in Data and calculations, presentation of experimental
data, data analysis, general procedures for plotting data, process flow diagrams [06]
Introduction to statistical design: Classical versus statistical approaches to experimentation,
diagnosing the experimental environment, good design requirements. Introduction to factorial
designs, definitions and principles, Basic Two-level factorial design experiments, 2k factorial
design [10]
Screening designs: Fractionating factorial designs, fractional factorial designs, Plackett-
Burmann screening designs [10]
Process Optimization experiments: Response surface methodology – concepts & methods,
design considerations, central composite designs and Box-Behnken response surface design [12]
Case studies: Optimizations of Media components, fermentation process and purification
process with specific case studies by using statistical software. [10]
Text / Reference Books:
1. Lawson J &Erjavec J, Modern Statistics for Engineering and Quality
Improvement(1e),Duxbury Press, 2001.
2. Montgomery Douglas C ,Design and analysis of experiments(6e), John Wiley, 2009.
3. Pauline Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles (1e), Academic Press, 1995.
BIO 534 IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY [4 0 0 4]
Total No of periods: 48
The Immune System: Introduction - innate and adaptive immunity. Lymphocytes - their origin
and differentiation; antigens - their structure and classification; complement and their biological
functions; types of immune responses; anatomy of immune response. [07]
Humoral Immunity: B-lymphocytes and their activation; structure and function of
immunoglobulins; immunoglobulin classes and subclasses. Genetic control of antibody
production.monoclonal antibodies and diagnosis. idiotypes and idiotypic antibodies. Major
histocompatibility complex. Blood Typing: AB, O & Rh. [07]
Cellular Immunology: Thymus derived lymphocytes (T cells) their classification. antigen
presenting cells (APC) -macrophages. dendritic cells. langerhans cells - their origin, activation
and functions; mechanisms of phagocytosis; identification of cell types of immune system;
immunosuppression. Immune tolerance. [07]
Antigen Antibody interactions: precipitation, agglutination, neutralization. Immunological and
antibody based assays: RIA, ELISA, Chemiluminescence, ELIspot, FACS, western blotting,
Immuno fluorescence, immuno precipitation, immuno diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis.
ImmunoHistochemistry and IHC methods.Immuno electron microscopy. [08]
Stem cells: Brief mention about stem cells and applications to immunology, Immunosuppressive
drugs. HLA and disease, mechanisms of immunity to tumor antigens. [06]
Autoimmunity: Auto antibodies in humans, pathogenic mechanisms, experimental models of
auto immune disease, treatment of auto immune disorders. [06]
Molecular Immunology: Preparation of vaccines, application of rDNA technology to
production of antibodies. Immunotherapy. [07]
Text / Reference Books:
1. RoittI ,Essential Immunology , Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford press ,1991.
2. Kuby J and WH Freeman, Immunology(6e), New York, 2007.
3. Benjarnini E. and Leskowitz s., Immunology A short course, Wiley Liss, NY, 1991.
4. Sambrook J et al ., Molecular cloning(Vol I, II and III)., Cold Spring Harbor laboratory
Press. New York, USA, (1989, 2000).
5. Gabriel Virella, Introduction to Medical Immunology (4e),Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
(1999).
BIO 546 BIOSENSORS [4 0 0 4]
Total No of periods: 48
Introduction: [08]
A historical perspective; Definition and Expanding Needs of Biosensors; Advantages and
limitations; Biosensor Economics; various components of biosensors
Types of Biosensors: [10]
Biocatalysts based biosensors, bio affinity based biosensors & microorganisms based biosensors,
biologically active material and analyte. Types of membranes used in biosensor constructions
Transducers in Biosensors: [08]
Various types of transducers; principles and applications; Bio-, chemi-, and
electrochemiluminescence for fiber-optic biosensors; Fluorescence-based fiber-optic biosensors
Kinetic modeling for biosensors: [10]
The purpose and practice of modeling; The flux equations, The flux diagram for the
membrane/enzyme/electrode, Deriving a complete kinetic model; Kinetic modeling in other
types of biosensors- Potentiometric enzyme electrodes, Optical and photometric biosensors,
Immunosensors
Application and Uses of Biosensors: [12]
Biosensors in medicine and health care, biosensors for agriculture and food; Low cost- biosensor
for industrial processes for online monitoring; biosensors for environmental monitoring.
Text / Reference Books:
1. Rajmohan Joshi, Biosensors(1e), Gyan Books, 2006
2. Cooper J.M. and Anthony E.G,Biosensors(2e), Oxford University Press, 2004.
3. Turner A.P.F, Karube.I and Wilson,G.S, Biosensors Fundamentals and applications,
Oxford Univ. Press, 1990
4. Sadana.A, Biosensors: Kinetics of Binding and Dissociation Using Fractals (1e),
Elsevier B.V, 1995
5. Ashok M and Kim Rogers, Enzyme & Microbial Biosensors: Techniques and
Protocols (Methods in Biotechnology)(1e), Humana Press, 1998.
6. Ashok M and Kim Rogers, Affinity Biosensors: Techniques and Protocols (Methods
in Biotechnology)(1e), Humana Press, 1998.
7. DamiaBarcelo, Biosensors for the Environmental Monitoring of Aquatic Systems:
Bioanalytical and Chemical Methods for Endocrine Disruptors(1e),Springer, 2009.
BIO 548 BIOPROCESS MODELING, ANALYSIS & SIMULATION [4 0 0 4]
Total No of periods: 48
Perspective on modeling of physical, chemical and biological phenomena, uses and limitations of
mathematical models in Bioprocess models- Basic classifications, fundamental features of
models. Several examples involving algebraic equations, ordinary differential equations,
difference equations partial differential equations, integral equations and integro-differential
equations. [12]
Elements of probability theory, stochastic models parameter estimation model forms for
parameter estimation. Parameter estimation using moments, design of experiments for parameter
estimation. Accuracy of parameter estimates. Design of experiments for model discrimination -
Regression and interpolation. [12]
Review of numerical techniques for the solution of bioprocess models. Non linear systems
analysis Phase – Plane analysis in classical bioreactor models, phase – plane plot for bioreactor
with monad kinetics. [08]
Introduction to nonlinear dynamics – A simple population growth model. More complex growth
models, chaotic behavior, cob web diagrams, stability of fixed point solutions. Introduction to
bifurcations behavior in single and two variable systems.Introduction to chaos.The Lorenz
equations. [08]
Introduction to population balance modeling in bioprocess engineering – The solution of
population balance equations. Budding of yeast population – Modeling of cells with dynamic
morphology – Modeling for biological populations with correlation between life spans of
siblings. Modeling of Industrial sterilization processes [08]
Text / Reference Books:
1. Wayne Bequette.B, Process dynamics modeling and analysis and simulation,.Prentice
Hall Inc, 2004.
2. John H. Seinfeld and Leon Lapidus., Mathematical Methods in Chemical Engg., (Vol. 3),
Process Modeling, Estimations and Identification. Prentice Hall, 1974.
3. Ramakrishna. D, Population Balances. Academic Press, 2000.
4. Shyam S. Sablani., Handbook of Food and Bioprocess Modeling Techniques. C R C
Press, 2006.
5. Volesky.B and J. Votruba., Modeling and Optimization of Fermentation Process
(Process Simulation and Modelling). Elsevier Science and Technology, 1992.
BIO 550 IPR ISSUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOSAFETY [4 0 0 4]
Total Number of Periods: 48
Public acceptance issues for biotechnology: Case studies/experiences from developing and
developed countries. Biotechnology and hunger: Challenges for the Indian Biotechnological
research and industries. The Cartagena protocol on biosafety. Biosafety management: Key to the
environmentally responsible use of biotechnology. Ethical implications of biotechnological
products and techniques.Social and ethical implications of biological weapons. [08]
The legal and socioeconomic impacts of biotechnology, public education of the processes of
biotechnology involved in generating new forms of life for informed decision making – with
case studies. [06]
Biosafety regulations and National and International guidelines with regard to rDNA technology,
transgenic science, GM crops, etc. Experimental protocol approvals, levels of
containment.Guidelines for research in transgenic plants. Good manufacturing practice and Good
lab practice (GMO and GLP).
[08]
Environmental aspects of biotech application.Use of genetically modified organisms and their
release in environment. Special procedures for rDNA based product production. [06]
Intellectual property rights (IPR), WTO-GATT, TRIPS, international conventions patents and
methods of applications of patents. Plant breeder’s rights.Legal implications, Biodiversity and
farmers rights.Examples of patents in biotechnology.Special application of patent laws in
biotechnology. Licensing and cross licensing FlavrSavrTm-
Tomato as model case and case
studies. [12]
Beneficial applications and development of research, focus to the need of the poor. Identification
of directions for yield, effect in agriculture, aquaculture etc.Ethics and Biosafety aspects in
Bioremediation. [08]
Text / Reference Books:
1. Biotechnologies and Development, UNESCO Publications, 1988
2. A Biotechnologies in developing countries present and future, UNESCO Publishers, 1993
3. Singh. K, Intellectual property rights on Biotechnology, BCIL, New Delhi.
BIO 552 BIOLOGICAL THERMODYNAMICS [4 0 0 4]
Total no of periods: 48
Frontier of Biological Thermodynamics [09]
Energy conservation in living organism, Irreversibility and life, third law and biology, entropy
and protein stability, Energy, information processing and life, second law and evolution, Gibbs
free energy, Equilibrium concepts for biological thermodynamics.
Fundamental concepts of Thermodynamics [13]
System and Surroundings, First law of thermodynamics -Internal energy, enthalpy, Heat
capacity, applied examples from biochemistry. Second law – Entropy and universe, Concept of
heat engines, protein stability and calorimetric measurements, Fundamentals of Differential
scanning calorimeter and Isothermal calorimeter in biological property measurements, Third law
of thermodynamics, Maxwell equations, Gibbs-Duhem Equation and the Phase Rule, Legendre
Transforms.
Gibbs free energy and its Applications [13]
Gibbs free energy and equilibrium, Chemical potential, ionic solutions, Equilibrium constant,
standard state in biochemistry, Acid and bases, chemical coupling and redox reactions, Gibbs
free energy in photosynthesis, glycolysis citric acid cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation and ATP
hydrolysis, substrate cycling, Membrane transport, Enzyme substrate interaction, Haemoglobin,
Protien solubility, stability and dynamics.
Reaction Kinetics [13]
Rate of a reaction, rate constant and order of the reaction, effect of temperature, collision and
transition state theory, Electron transfer kinetics, Enzyme kinetics and inhibition, Reaction
mechanism of lysozyme, protein folding and pathological misfolding, polymerisation, muscle
contraction and the molecular motors.
Text / Reference Books:
1. Donald T. Haynie, Biological Thermodynamics, Cambridge press, 2008.
2. Robert A. Alberty, Thermodynamics of Biochemical Reactions, John willy publications,
2003.
BIO 554 MULTIPHASE BIOREACTOR DESIGN [4 0 0 4]
Total no of periods: 48
New Methodologies for Multiphase Bioreactors : Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer
Characteristics of Multistage Slurry Reactors , Image Analysis and Multiphase Bioreactors:
image processing, biomass characterization, bioreactor imaging, , Data Acquisition, Modelling
and Control: components in bioprocess monitoring and control, measuring techniques for pH,
pressure, oxygen, carbon dioxide, biomass, classical modeling,basic modeling concepts, cell
models [06]
Design and Modeling of Immobilized Biocatalytic Reactors: Biocatalyst immobilization and
performance, immobilized enzyme reactors, modeling of immobilized biocatalyst reactors [06]
Advances in the Selection and Design of Two-Liquid Phase Biocatalytic Reactors: classification
of two-liquid phase biocatalytic processes, two liquid phase reactors: types of reactors, mass
transfer and reaction kinetics, reactor operation, downstream processing, process scale-up [06]
Enzymatic Membrane Reactors: The concept of a membrane bioreactor, enzyme retention,
substrate retention and product separation, membranes and modules, direct contact membrane
reactors, multiphase membrane reactors, applications of enzyme membrane reactors. [06]
Reversed MicellarBioreaction Systems: Reversed micellar principles, determinant factors for
biocatalysis in reversed micelles, reversed micellar bioreactors, characterization of micellar
membrane bioreactors [08]
Design of Liquid-Liquid-Solid Fluidised-Bed Bioreactors: Process lay-out and operation for
three-phase fluidized –bed bioreactor, loop reactors, performance of a conventional bioreactor
and a three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactor [08]
Bioreactor Design For Plant Cell Suspension Cultures: characterization of plant cells as
biocatalysts: morphology, broth rheology, oxygen requirement, shear sensitivity, performance in
suspension culture, bioreactor design and analysis for plant cells [08]
Text / Reference Books:
1. JoaquimM.S.Cabral. 2009. Multiphase Bioreactor design, Taylor & Francis.
2. Arthur T.Johnson. 1998. Biological Process Engineering. John Wiley & Sons
3. Pauline M. Doran. 1995. Bioprocess Engineering Principles. Academic Press.
4. Harvey W.Blanch and Douglas S. Clark. 1997. Biochemical Engineering CRC Press
BIO 556 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY [4 0 0 4]
Total No of periods: 48
Fundamentals of Microorganisms: Microbial flora of soil, growth, ecological adaptations,
interactions among soil microorganisms, biogeochemical role of soil microorganisms. [04]
Degradation of Xenobiotic Compounds: Simple, aromatics, chlorinated, polyaromatic, petroleum
products pesticides and surfactants. [05]
Treatment of Industrial Wastes: Waste water characteristics, biological waste water treatment,
unit operations, design and modeling of activated -sludge process, mathematical modeling of
anaerobic-digester dynamics. Dairy, pulp, dye, leather and pharmaceuticals, solid waste
management. [06]
Biotechnology processes for oil recovery (microbial), toxic wastes treatment, petroleum wastes
treatment etc. [06]
Decontamination Engineering: Bioremediation processes, cleaner bioprocesses for waste
treatment for environmental pollution management. Ultra filtration systems for waste water
contaminant removal; industrial waste treatment opportunities for reverse osmosis and ultra
filtration. Bio-hazard Monitoring and Control - Risk assessment, hazard monitoring, remedial
measures, techniques and control strategies. [08]
Biofuels: Waste as an energy core, energy recovery systems for urban waste, technology
evaluation, concept of gasification of wastes with molten salt to produce low-BTU gas; pipeline
gas from solid wastes by syngas recycling process; conversion of feedlot wastes into pipeline
gas; fuels and chemicals from crops, production of oil from wood waste, fuels from wood waste,
methanol production from organic wastes. [08]
Applications: Renewable and non-renewable resources. Conventional fuels and their
environmental impacts. Animal oils. Modem fuels and their environmental impacts.
Biotechnological inputs in producing good quality natural fibres. Microbiological quality of food
and water.Treatment of municipal waste and industrial effluents.Degradation of Pesticides and
other toxic chemicals by Microorganisms Thuringiensis toxin as a natural pesticide.Biological
control of other insects swarming the agriculture fields.Enrichment of ores by
microorganisms.Biofertilizers Nitrogen fixing microorganisms enrich the soil with assimilable
nitrogen. Major contaminants of air, water and soil, Biomonitors of environment (Bioindicators),
Bioremediation using microbes, Phytoremediation, Treatment of distillery effluents, biofilms.
[11]
Text / Reference Books:
1. Foster C.F. and D.A. John Ware, Environmental Biotechnology, Ellis Horwood Limited,
1987.
2. Larry Anderson and David A, Fuels from waste , Tillman, Academic Press, 1997.
3. Enfors S.O and L. Hagstrom, Bioprocess Technology – Fundamentals and Applications,
RIT, Stockholm, 1992.
4. Young M.Y, Comprehensive Biotechnology(Vol 1-4),Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1985.
5. DeSilva E.D, Ratledge.C& A Sasson, Biotechnology, Economic and Social Aspect,
Camnridge University, Press Cambridge, 1992.
BIO 540 ANIMAL AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY [3 0 0 3]
Total No. of Hours: 36
Plant Genome Organization [04]
Organization and features of mitochondrial, nuclear and choloroplast genome – Structural
features of gene families in plants, Totipotency, Regeneration of plants
Plant cell cultivation [06]
Biochemistry of major metabolic pathways, Autotrophic and heterotrophic growth, Plant growth
regulators and elicitors, Cell suspension culture development: methodology, kinetics of growth
and product formation, nutrient optimization, Plant products of industrial importance, Production
of secondary metabolites by plant suspension cultures, Hairy root cultures and their cultivation.
Techniques in raising transgencies and IPR [08]
Direct and indirect methods: Mechanical, Femptosyringe, electroporation, biolistic, Chemical:
Protoplast, Biological: Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation, chloroplast transformation,
in-planta transformation. Patent, Plant breeders rights, Implementation of IPR protection,
Emerging mechanisms for technology transfer, Enforcement laws and regulations
Animal Cell Organization and nutrient requirement [06]
Special features and organization of animal cells, Animal cell metabolism, Animal cell growth
characteristics, Principles of sterile techniques, Regulation and nutritional requirements for mass
cultivation of animal cell cultures.
Animal cell cultivation [06]
Substrate and product transport through mammalian cell, Animal cell growth kinetics and shear
force. Micro and Macro carrier attached growth, Cell culture in continuous, perfusion and
hollow-fiber reactor.
Techniques in animal biotechnology and IPR [06]
Hybridioma technology, Live stock improvement, Gene transfer methods in animals, Transgenic
animals, Applications of Cloning and xenotransplantation, Animal cell preservation, IPR in
Animal Biotechnology
Text / Reference Books:
1. Dixon R.A and Gonzales, Plant Cell Culture: A Practical Approach, IRL Press, 1995.
2. Lindsey. K and M.G.K. Jones, Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture, Prentice Hall, New
Jersey, 1990.
3. Biotol series, In vitro Cultivation of Plant cell, Butterworth Heinemann Ltd., 1994
4. Biotol series, In vitro Cultivation of Animal cell, Butterworth Heinemann Ltd. 1994.
5. Ranga .M.M, Animal Biotechnology(3e),Agrobios, 2007.
6. Bhojwani&Rajdhan, Animal and Plant Biotechnology, Elsevier, 1996.
BIO 542 BIOFUELS ENGINEERING [3 0 0 3]
Total no. of periods: 36
Introduction: [08]
Description of Biofuels; Energy Use & Efficiency; Biofuel Production; Alternative Energies;
Biochemical Pathways Review for Organoheterotrophic, Lithotrophic& Phototrophic
Metabolism; Importance of COD; Biofuel Feedstocks: Starch, Sugar, Lignocellulosic, Agro &
Industrial by-products.
Production of Bioethanol: [08]
Process Technology for Bioethanol production using Sugar; Starch and
LignocellulosicFeedstocks: Selection of micro-organisms and feedstock; Associated Unit
Operations; Determination of Bioethanol yield; Recovery of Bioethanol; Recent Advances;
Process Integration
Production of Biodiesel: [08]
Chemical, Thermodynamic & Reaction Kinetic Aspects of Biodiesel Production:
Transesterification and Supercritical Esterification, Saponification and Hydrolysis, Acid & Base
Catalysis; Sources of Oils; Methods of Biodiesel Production – General procedure and Large
scale production; Quality Control Aspects.
Production of Biohydrogen: [08]
Enzymes involved in H2 Production; Photobiological H2 Production: Biophotolysis and
Photofermentation; H2 Production by Fermentation: Biochemical Pathway, Batch Fermentation,
Factors affecting H2 production, Carbon sources, Process and Culture Parameters; Detection and
Quantification of H2
Microbial Fuel Cells: [08]
Biochemical Basis; Fuel Cell Design: Anode & Cathode Compartment, Microbial Cultures,
Redox Mediators, Exchange Membrane, Power Density; MFC Performance Methods: Substrate
& Biomass Measurements, Basic Power Calculations, MFC Performance: Power Density,
Single-Chamber vs Two-Chamber Designs, Wastewater Treatment Effectiveness; Future
Directions
Microbial Modeling of Biofuel Production: [08]
Microbial Growth Models: Unstructured, Single Limiting Nutrient Models, Inhibition Models,
Models for Multiple Limiting Substrates, Yield Parameters; Kinetic Rate Expressions;
Bioreactor Operation and Design for Biofuel Production: Batch, CSTR, CSTR with Cell
Recycle, Fed-Batch Systems, Plug Flow Systems; Modeling of Glucose Utilization and
Hydrogen Production; Batch and CSTR Fermentations and Simulations
Text / Reference Books:
1. Caye M. Drapcho, N.P. Nhuan and T. H. Walker, Biofuels Engineering Process
Technology , McGraw Hill Publishers, New York, 2008.
2. Jonathan R.M, Biofuels – Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology Series),
Humana Press, New York, 2009.
3. Lisbeth Olsson (Ed.), Biofuels (Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology
Series, Springer-Verlag Publishers, Berlin, 2007.
BIO 518 Bioprocess Dynamics and Control lab [0 0 6 2]
Experiments are based on Bioprocess Dynamics and Control, Bioprocess Modelling and
Simulation course works.
BIO 544 SEMINAR [0 0 3 1]
This course is designed for the students to develop skills in searching technical literature,
coordinating it and making a good presentation. Presentation of a good written report is also part
of exercise. The students will give the seminar on a topic assigned to them, on soft skills or
technical topics.
SECOND YEAR
BIO 699PROJECT WORK [0 0 0 40]
The students (individually) at the beginning of second year will be assigned project work to be
carried out in Industry/Institute under the supervision of a guide. The project should be
completed and submitted for evaluation at the end of the year.