Multi-Agency CooperationThe Sello Mall Shooting
Kimmo Markkanen
Director of Risk Management
Länsi-Uusimaa Department
for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 1
Rescue Services in Finlandhttp://www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 2
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Rescue ServicesRescue Services
• The rescue authorities are responsible for the safety of people in any kind of everyday incident, disaster or war.
• Rescue services mean actions carried out urgently in the event of accident, actions needed to protect and save life, property and the environment, to limit damage and mitigate the consequences.
• Rescue services are divided into: 1) accident and fire prevention
2) rescue operations3) civil defence and preparedness.
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 3
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Authorities and AdministrationAuthorities and Administration
• State rescue authorities:– Ministry of the Interior is the supreme authority
responsible for organising, coordinating and controlling national rescue services
– Regional State Administrative Agencies are responsible for coordinating and controlling preparedness planning and rescue services
• Regional rescue authorities: – Regional Rescue Services is responsible for
organising emergency services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 4
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Other AuthoritiesOther Authorities
• By legislation Rescue Services have the overall command responsibility on rescue operations
• Many other authorities are required to take part in rescue services and civil preparedness
• Police• Border guard (Coast guard)• Defence forces• Social welfare and health authorities• the offices, institutions and commercial enterprises responsible for agriculture and
forestry• Environmental authorities• Transport authorities• Telecommunication authorities• Authorities and institutions responsible for radiation and nuclear safety• Meteorological services
• Multiply of voluntary organisations also take part in rescue services.
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 5
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Rescue Departments (Regional Rescue Services)
are responsible for:• Fire and accident prevention• Firefighting and rescue work relating to
accidents or natural events (explosion, oil spills, incidents on water, landslides, road accidents, gas or liquid leaks, floods, heavy rain, radiation)
• Firefighters are multiskilled rescuers. In addition to firefighting and rescue work, they also take part in accident prevention, medical care and ambulance service as well as civil preparedness
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 6
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Civil PreparednessCivil Preparedness
• Civil preparedness means protecting life and property and safeguarding the activities of the authorities, institutions and production plants essential to maintain social function and managing emergency operations in a state of emergency (“civil defence”).
• Civil preparedness is divided into civil preparedness managed by the authorities and self-preparedness.
• The state and municipalities are responsible for the former, companies, institutions, property owners and private individuals for the latter.
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 7
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
TrainingTraining
• Responsibility of the state for – Professional rescue services training – Training civil preparedness leaders and special staff
• Basic training is given at the State-owned Emergency Services College in Kuopio– http://www.pelastusopisto.fi/pelastus/home.nsf/pages/index_eng
• The basic diplomas:– Firefighter-EMT (1.5 years)– Sub Officer's Diploma (1 year) – Fire Officer's Diploma (3.5 years, a polytechnic degree)– Alarm centres dispatchers Diploma (1.5 years)
• The College has 350 boarding places and a training ground for practical exercises.
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 9
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Rescue departments emergency call-outs Rescue departments emergency call-outs annuallyannually (Finland)
• Fires in buildings 6,000• Forest and wildfires 3,000• Vehicle fires 2,500• Other fires 3,500• Incidents caused by dangerous substances 300• Floods/natural disasters 2,000• Oil damage 2,500• Traffic accidents 13,000• First response 25,000• False alarms 20,000• Emergency missions, total 100,000
Medical emergencies (ambulance services)200,0009th December 2010 Control Room Communications 10
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Three major changes in Fire and Three major changes in Fire and Rescue Services in Finland Rescue Services in Finland
• Regionalization of Rescue Services
http://www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/26715/
• Centralization of Alarm Centres Emergency Response Centres (ERC)http://www.112.fi/index.php?langID=2 http://www.112.fi/documents/Hake_112esittely_englanti.pdf
• New national digital radio network “VIRVE” for all authorities (TETRA)http://www.erillisverkot.fi/?lang=en
VIRVE made other two possible
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 11
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Regionalization of Rescue ServicesRegionalization of Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 12
PRESENT (since January 2004)• 22 regional Fire Departments,
consisting of one larger city and several surrounding municipalities
http://www.pelastuslaitokset.fi/filewrap.php?c=&f=turvaopas_eng_low.pdf
PAST (until 2004):• 445 municipalities, each having a fire brigade:
– Full-time (60), Part-time (190), Voluntary (200)
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Centralization of Alarm CentresCentralization of Alarm CentresPAST• Municipal Alarm Centres for Fire & Rescue & ambulance services
(56)• Separate Alarm Centres for Police (counties)• Various communication and database systems
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 13
PRESENT (completed 2007) and Future• Governmental Emergency Response Centre Department• Consisting of 15 regional Emergency Response Centres• Joint centres for Fire and Rescue, Police and Social & Health
authorities• Joint dispatch systems & databases• More changes in progress (more centralization, data systems)
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
National digital (radio) Network National digital (radio) Network “VIRVE” for all authorities“VIRVE” for all authoritiesPAST
• Each authority had their own VHF-radio network• Lack of frequencies• Open for listening by anyone (not scrambled)
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 14
PRESENT (completed 2004)• Joint authorities radio network
• Coverage: whole Finland (+ Estonian coast)
• Digital, based on TETRA standard
• Authorities included: Rescue, police, Health & Social Security, Border Guard, Military, Customs, Railroad authorities, Energy …
FUTURE (2011 … 2015)• Common Multi-Agency Field Command System (FCS)• IP backbone connection for Rescue Services (PeIP)• TETRA Enhanced Data Service (TEDS)
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue
Serviceswww.lup.fi/en
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 15
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 16
2. Länsi-Uusimaa2. Länsi-Uusimaa
Consists of 12 municipalitiesCentral municipal Espoo is second biggest city in Finland, west from HelsinkiOther municipalities are: Hanko, Inkoo, Karjalohja, Karkkila, Kauniainen, Kirkkonummi, Lohja, Nummi-Pusula, Raasepori, Siuntio, Vihti.
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 17
Keski-UusimaaDept. for Rescue Services
HelsinkiDept. for Rescue Services
Kanta-HämeDept. for Rescue Services
Varsinais-SuomiDept. for Rescue Services
• Organisationally a part of City of Espoo
• 12 municipalities• app. 425 000 inhabitants• 12 full-time fire stations• 43 voluntary fire brigades
(+ 4 Lifeboat Associations)• over. 400 employees• over 1 000 volunteers• annual budget 30 M€ (incl.
ambulance services 3 M€)
RAASEPORI DISTRICTRAASEPORI DISTRICT
• app. 45 000 inhabitantsapp. 45 000 inhabitants
• area 1950 km2area 1950 km2
• 3 full-time fire stations 3 full-time fire stations (Tammisaari, Hanko, Karjaa)(Tammisaari, Hanko, Karjaa)
• 13 voluntary fire brigades13 voluntary fire brigades
ESPOO DISTRICTESPOO DISTRICT
. app. 290 000 inhabitants. app. 290 000 inhabitants
• area 683 km2area 683 km2
• 6 full-time fire stations6 full-time fire stations
• 17 17 voluntaryvoluntary fire brigades fire brigades
• Ambulance services in Espoo, Ambulance services in Espoo, Kirkkonummi and KauniainenKirkkonummi and Kauniainen
LOHJA DISTRICTLOHJA DISTRICT
• app. 90 000 inhabitantsapp. 90 000 inhabitants
• area 1607 km2area 1607 km2
• 3 full-time fire stations 3 full-time fire stations (Lohja, Nummela, Karkkila)(Lohja, Nummela, Karkkila)
• 13 voluntary fire brigades13 voluntary fire brigades
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 18
Daily accidents
Large scale accidentsdisasters
Exceptional circumtances
Fire depts, Police, Emergency Medical
Voluntary organisations
Civil defence organisations
minutes
hours
days, months
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Standard of Rescue Serviceshttp://www.pelastustoimi.fi/en/267211/
• Rescue Act, 13 §: Regional rescue services make their decision on the standard of service after hearing the opinions of the district’s local authorities
• Region’s risks and resources• The standard of services of accident
prevention, rescue services and civil preparedness
• Development plan• Must be renewed regularly
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 19
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Länsi-Uusimaa Dept. for Rescue
Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 20
Chief Fire Officer(Rescue Director)
Veli-Pekka Ihamäki
Chief Fire Officer(Rescue Director)
Veli-Pekka Ihamäki
District Fire OfficerStig Granström
District Fire OfficerStig Granström
District Fire OfficerPekka Hynynen
District Fire OfficerPekka Hynynen
District Fire OfficerHeikki Kervinen
District Fire OfficerHeikki Kervinen
District Board of Management
District Board of Management
District Board of Management
District Board of Management
Department`s Boardof Management
Department`s Boardof Management
District Board of Management
District Board of Management
Espoo District- Service Units
(3 + 4 )
Espoo District- Service Units
(3 + 4 )
Lohja District-Service Units
(3 )
Lohja District-Service Units
(3 )
Tammisaari District
- Service Units(3 )
Tammisaari District
- Service Units(3 )
Administrative UnitAdministrative Unit
Administration, Head of Administration Paula KantisAdministration, Head of Administration Paula Kantis
Rescue Operations, Director of Rescue Services Olli PietikäinenRescue Operations, Director of Rescue Services Olli Pietikäinen
Risk Management, Director of Risk Management Kimmo MarkkanenRisk Management, Director of Risk Management Kimmo Markkanen
Development Teams, named personsDevelopment Teams, named persons
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 21
Organisation at Rescue OperationsOrganisation at Rescue Operations
RescueUnit
Rescue UnitRescue Unit(1+3 = 4)(1+3 = 4)
P3
RescueUnit
RescueUnit
Rescue PlatoonRescue Platoon(1+3+10 = 14)(1+3+10 = 14)
StateStateMinistry of the Interior
Government
Section 2 chief
RescueUnit
RescueUnit
RescueUnit
Section 3 chief
RescueUnit
RescueUnit
RescueUnit
Länsi-Uusimaa P2
Command Post(P3 +__ )
Section 4Medic (L4)
Ambulance
Ambulance
Ambulance
Rescue CompanyRescue Company(7+9+33) = 49)(7+9+33) = 49)
(Section 1 chief)
Municipality’s board
Pel-Joke(Other Accident Areas ->)(Other Accident Areas ->)
Rescue Service RegionRescue Service Region
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Voluntary fire brigades
• Finland: app. 1 000 voluntary fire brigades• Important element for rescue services as a reserve• In rural, sparsely populated areas primary response as well• Skills, training and number of volunteers vary among
brigades• No public authority status• Länsi-Uusimaa:
– 43 brigades, over 1 000 volunteers– Response time 6, 12 or 30 minutes from call (to be changed 2011)
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 22
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 23
The Sello Mall Shooting The Sello Mall Shooting 31.12.200931.12.2009
Picture: Ilta-Sanomat
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Sello Mallhttp://www.sello.fi/en/welcome-to-sello/
• Over 170 shops and services
• Total area 102 000 m2
• Car park for 2 900 cars
• At New Year Eve about 3000-4000 customers
• Sello first phase– Two supermarkets– Library, Concert Hall, City of Espoo front office
• Sello second phase– Lot of smaller shops: clothing, restaurants, leisure, electronics…
• SelloRex– Movie theaters, Bowling arena and restaurants…
249th December 2010 Control Room Communications
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
25
Fire Station andVoluntary Fire Brigade
LibraryConcert Hall
PrismaSupermarket
Sello 2-phaseSello 1-phase
Sello Rex
Railway Station
Bus Terminal
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Briefing
• 31th December 2009 after 10 o’clock am. Ibrahim Shkupolli shot four employees of Prisma-Supermarket at Sello Shopping Mall and went out through Library walking calmly
• Fifth victim, Shkupolli’s former ex-girlfriend, were found killed before noon at nearby apartment
• Later afternoon sixth victim were found at apartment about ten kilometres away
• Soon were confirmed that the sixth victim was the shooter, Ibrahim Schupolli
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 26
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
10:08 Alram call First Response AlarmShots fired, 1 or 2 victims
10:31 Police informed that the location of gunman is unknown
10:31Units werepulled back10:24 first units
penetrated inPolice covers 10:37 Chief on Duty
order the Control Room to send a text message alert for City of Espoo and Rescue Services management teams:”FYI! Shots fired at Sello Shopping Mall, Police is commanding”
14:30 - Press Conference at Police Station
14:50Confirmation that the shooter is dead
10:27Automatic Fire Alarm to Sello
Overall command at Police station Situation Center
10:40Rescue Services Chief on Duty went to Police Situation Center
14:19Police penetrates to shooters apartmentRescue Unit and 2 Emergency Medical teams standby at scene
10:23Local Voluntary Fire Brigade alarmed for evacuation support
10:40 Command Centre were established at Rescue Services HQ- 2 Chief Fire Officers and Auxiliary Command Unit crew-Resources, other incident-Situational picture-Communication
10:15Rescue Services Control room informs Chief on Duty and Espoo Divisional Officer
10:00-16:307 other Fire & Rescue Alarms, one domestic fire11:00 Auxiliary
Emergency Medical Supervisor Unit were established for daily incidents
Hospital District orders 2 Emergency Medical teams from Helsinki to Espoo
10:50Auxiliary Command UnitWere established
4 Voluntary Fire Brigades alarmed to standby10:18
Emergency Medical Supervisor suspends Non-Critical Emergency Medical Services
Other readinessOther readiness(Rescue Services and Emergency Medic)(Rescue Services and Emergency Medic)
Sello IncidentSello IncidentRescue and Emergency MedicRescue and Emergency Medic
PolicePolice
18:00
Debriefing at Police Station
(The Police had a lot of action not described here!)
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Timeline10:08 First Emergency Call from Sello Mall, one person shot
10:10 Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services alarmed: E490 (ALS - Advanced Life Support Ambulance), EL4 (Medical Supervisor) ja E51 (Rescue Unit)
10:11 E193 and E296 alarmed (BLS - Basic Life Support Ambulance)
10:12 Information about second victim
10:12 Medical Supervisor order staging at Bus Terminal driveway
10:13 Rescue Unit E51 at scene, last shots fired
10:17 Medical Units E490 and L4 at scene
10:18 Non-Critical ambulance services suspended at Espoo
10:19 Alarm for another ALS Ambulance E290
10:23 ERC informed that Prisma-Supermarket is safe to go in
10:24 E490, E290 and E51 penetrated in and started medical operations (TRIAGE)
10:27 Information about more victims
10:27 Automatic Fire Alarm to Sello
10:31 Information that the Mall is not secured, units were pulled back
10:32 Emergency Medical Physician alarmed (Medi-Heli)
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 28
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Police Timeline• Alarm at 10.08
• Multi-Agency operation under police command
• Operation according Special operations plan started at 10.10
• Lot of police officers also from nearby districts
• Hundreads of peaple at scene and thousands nearby
• 4 dead person at Prisma-Supermarket
• One dead found at 11.40 (ex-girlfriend)
• One dead found at 14.10 (the gunman)
• Press Conference at 14.30
• Press Conference at 1st January 13.00» etc.
9th December 2010 29Control Room Communications
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
30
Rescue Services tasksAt Sello Mall• Emergency Medical operations• Evacuation of personnel and customers to Library and nearby Fire House• Isolation of area • Support for Police and City of Espoo Post-Emergency teamsSituation Center of Police (Command Center)• Contact Officer and rescue services spesialist (Chief on duty), also at press
conferenceRescue Services Command Center• Resources and overlapping cases• Communications• Blueprints of the Mall for police from City of Espoo Building authorityAt region of Länsi-Uusimaa• Two other related incidents (ex-girlfriend’s and gunman’s homes)• During 10:08 – 15:00 seven other rescue alarms, including one domestic fireAfterwards• Defusing-session for those involved operations at scene• Later debriefing-sessions• Report for developing own preparedness and about cooperation
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Lessons Learned
• Common situational picture
Police
Fire & Rescue
Medical & Social
Others
OWN COMMON
CO
MM
UN
ICA
TIO
N
PUBLIC
ME
DIA
CO
MM
UN
ITY
•Role of Emergency Response Centers
•Communication between agencies
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Situational Awareness
• Perception of the environment critical to decision-makers in complex, dynamic areas i.e. command and control of emergency services such as fire fighting and policing
• involves being aware of what is happening around you to understand how information, events, and your own actions will impact your goals and objectives, both now and in the near future
• What about the Management Team of the Mall?– Staff– Security personnel– Customers
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
33
Three Main Aspects• Where is the operation managed from
– All Agencies involved at same place every level• Field Commanders (Fire & Rescue, Police, Medical etc.)• Command Center (s)
• Is the environment safe enough– How do we get information about the overall situation– Is it safe to start medical care, extinguishing– How to announce that to operational units
• Pre-Planned and practiced Multi-Agency cooperation i.e.– Athletics World Championship event at 2005– SAR-exercise 7th October 2009(school shootings 7th November 2007 at Jokela and 23rd September 2008 at
Kauhajoki and Myyrmanni Bomb explosion at 11th October 2002)
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Impact
• 6 person dead; the suffer of relatives and others• At Prisma-Supermarket were hundreads of people,
evacuation of 2000…3000 persons, secondary impact for hundreads thousands persons
• The Mall was isolated and library were used as an gathering place
• Several hundreads of cars were blocked at parking lot• Impact for traffic (trains, buses, traffic jams etc.)• Loss of sale (60 000 - 100 000 customer/day)• Economical losses (shops, individuals, authorities etc.)
9th December 2010 34Control Room Communications
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Press Conference
• http://areena.yle.fi/video/652153– In Finnish
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8435994.stm• http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/
12/31/finland.shooting.shopping.mall/index.html?iref=allsearch
359th December 2010 Control Room Communications
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
Firefighters at their work…
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 36
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 37
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 38
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 39
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 40
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 41
Länsi-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitosVästra Nylands räddningsverk
Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue Services
9th December 2010 Control Room Communications 42
Thank you for your attention !Thank you for your attention !
Serving the communityServing the community::Länsi-Uusimaa Länsi-Uusimaa Department for Rescue ServicesDepartment for Rescue [email protected] [email protected]