Multiple Indicator Cluster SurveysSurvey Design Workshop
MICS: Past, Present and Future
MICS Survey Design Workshop
Past: Some History
Global household survey programmes
• Since 1970s• Multi-topic, multiple indicator surveys
World Fertility Surveys (1970s, early 1980s)
Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys (1980s)
Demographic and Health Surveys (since 1980s, USAID)
MICS (since 1995, UNICEF) Reproductive Health Surveys (since
1990s, CDC – now discontinued)
Global household survey programmes
• Thematic surveys Living Standards Measurement
Surveys - LSMS (World Bank) Malaria Indicator Surveys – MIS (RBM
Malaria) AIDS Indicator Surveys - AIS (USAID) SMART surveys (Nutrition) others
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys• Developed by UNICEF in the early 1990s to respond to data needs
for the World Summit for Children Goals
• Since 1995, evolved into an ongoing global survey programme with– collection of data on multiple globally agreed-upon indicator
sets; MDGs, WSC, WFFC indicators…– an institutionalized technical coordination and support system,
including• a Global MICS team with coordinators and survey experts in
New York and all regions– full package of MICS-specific survey instruments
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys• Face to face interviews, observations, measurements• Representative data based on probabilistic samples• Modular structure of questionnaires, easily customized
to country needs• Low, middle and high income countries
Technical Support and Quality Assurance
• Global MICS Team– UNICEF New York MICS Team– Survey Coordinators in 7 UNICEF Regional Offices
• Global and Regional Experts (20+)• UNICEF Country Offices + UNICEF MICS
Consultant (Resident)• Implementing agencies (NSOs)
Technical Support and Quality Assurance
• Regional Workshops, on:– Survey Design– Data Processing– Data Dissemination and Further Analysis
• On-site and off-site support by UNICEF MICS staff members and consultants
• Standard survey tools – from documents on governance to dissemination of results
• Quality control mechanisms at every step in the survey process
MICS: 1995-2009
• MICS1: 1995–60 countries–Emphasis on World Summit for
Children Goals–Minimum technical support–Global evaluation
MICS: 1995-2009
• MICS2: 2000–59 countries–Emphasis on World Summit for
Children goal– Increased technical support, better
standardization of survey tools
MICS: 1995-2009
• MICS3: 2005-2009–54 surveys–Emphasis on World Fit for Children
Goals, MDGs, and plus–A “system” for quality assurance
and technical support
2010-2012
MICS 2010-2012
• Emphasis on MDGs, other globally recommended indicators, and–Emerging issues: adolescents,
early childhood development, life satisfaction….
• 59 surveys conducted
MICS Surveys by Region: 2010-2012
CEECIS East AsiaPacific
Eastern-SouthernAfrica
Middle EastNorth Africa
SouthAsia
Latin AmericaCaribbean
Western-CentralAfrica
11
7 7 7
5
10
12
Less than 3000
3000-5000
5001-10000
10001-20000
20001-50000
50001 or more
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
11
6
17
17
3
1
Num
ber o
f Com
plet
ed H
ouse
hold
s
More than 95%
90-95% 85-89% Less than 85%0
5
10
15
20
25
3026
15
96
Completion Rates
Total 59
National 43
Selected population group 4
Selected area/region 12
MICS 2010-2012
MICS Countries – Overview (2010-2012)
• Low and middle/high income countries• Chad, Mali, Costa Rica, Serbia, Qatar, Argentina
• Emergency or post-emergency settings• Somalia, Iraq, Sudan
• New to MICS (Bhutan, Mali), all MICS rounds (Serbia, Gambia), “returning” countries (Moldova, Afghanistan)
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Since 1995, more than 100 countries and around 240 surveys*
*As of February 2013 – includes surveys in progress with fieldwork completion in 2013Countries with at least one MICS survey, including sub-national surveys
Period#
Surveys
1995-1999 60
2000-2004 59
2005-2009 54
2010-2012 59
MICS4
MICS1-3
As of February 2013
MICS DHS OtherEarly childhood development 100 0 0Child discipline 79 8 13ORT and continued feeding 50 48 2Birth registration 47 38 15Care-seeking for pneumonia 45 48 7Child marriage 37 51 12ITN use 33 32 35Antimalarial treatment 33 41 26Skilled attendant at delivery 31 51 18Underweight prevalence 24 34 42
MICS in Global DatabasesMost recent data points on selected indicators
Source: UNICEF Global Databases
MICS List of IndicatorsMICS INDICATOR [M] Modul
e Numerator Denominator
2.4 Children ever breastfed MNNumber of women with a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey who breastfed the child at any time
Total number of women with a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey
2.5 Early initiation of breastfeeding MN
Number of women with a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey who put the newborn infant to the breast within 1 hour of birth
Total number of women with a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey
2.6 Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months BF Number of infants under 6 months of age
who are exclusively breastfedTotal number of infants under 6 months of age
2.7 Continued breastfeeding at 1 year BF Number of children age 12-15 months who
are currently breastfeedingTotal number of children age 12-15 months
2.8 Continued breastfeeding at 2 years BF Number of children age 20-23 months who
are currently breastfeedingTotal number of children age 20-23 months
2.9Predominant breastfeeding under 6 months
BF
Number of infants under 6 months of age who received breast milk as the predominant source of nourishment during the previous day
Total number of infants under 6 months of age
2.10 Duration of breastfeeding BF The age in months when 50 percent of children age 0-35 months did not receive breast milk during the previous day
2.11 Bottle feeding BFNumber of children age 0-23 months who were fed with a bottle during the previous day
Total number of children age 0-23 months
Data collection through MICS is a primary source of disaggregated data
MICS provides data for more than 100
indicators which can be disaggregated by:
• geozones• residence (urban,
urban-poor, rural)• gender• education• age• wealth• ethnicity/religion/
language• other stratifiers• combinations of the
above
Disaggregation
MICS Questionnaires
HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR INDIVIDUAL
WOMEN(AGE 15-49)
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CHILDREN
UNDER-5(AGE 0-4)
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR INDIVIDUAL
MEN(AGE 15-49)
Household
Social and demographic characteristicsChildren’s living arrangements / OrphansEducationWater and SanitationHousehold assets, dwelling characteristicsUse of mosquito netsChild labourChild disciplineHandwashingSalt iodization
Under-5s
Birth registrationEarly childhood developmentDiarrhoea, pneumonia, malariaImmunizationBreastfeeding and dietary intakeAnthropometry
Women
FertilityChild mortalityAntenatal careDelivery carePost-natal health checksContraception, unmet needFemale genital mutilation/cuttingMaternal mortalityWomen and Men
Attitudes towards domestic violenceMarriageSexual behaviourHIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudesAccess to mass media/ICTTobacco and alcohol useLife satisfactionLiteracy and education
Household
Social and demographic characteristicsChildren’s living arrangements / OrphansEducationWater and SanitationHousehold assets, dwelling characteristicsUse of mosquito netsChild labourChild disciplineHandwashingSalt iodization
Under-5s
Birth registrationEarly childhood developmentDiarrhoea, pneumonia, malariaImmunizationBreastfeeding and dietary intakeAnthropometry
Women
FertilityChild mortalityAntenatal careDelivery carePost-natal health checksContraception, unmet needFemale genital mutilation/cuttingMaternal mortalityWomen and Men
Attitudes towards domestic violenceMarriageSexual behaviourHIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudesAccess to mass media/ICTTobacco and alcohol useLife satisfactionLiteracy and education
21 MDG indicators
Household
Social and demographic characteristicsChildren’s living arrangements / OrphansEducationWater and SanitationHousehold assets, dwelling characteristicsUse of mosquito netsCh i ld l abourChild disciplineHandwash ingSalt iodization
Under-5s
Birth registrationEar l y ch i ldhood deve lopmentDiarrhoea, pneumonia, malariaImmunizationBreastfeeding and dietary intakeAnthropometry
Women
FertilityChild mortalityAntenatal careDelivery carePost -nata l hea l th checksContraception, unmet needFGM/CMaternal mortalityWomen and Men
Attitudes towards domestic violenceMarriageSexual behaviourHIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudesAccess to mass med ia / ICTTobacco and a l coho l useL i fe sa t i s fac t ionLiteracy and education
Major methodological work in the last 3-4 years to develop
validated survey tools
Ongoing methodological work
• Development of modules/protocols for– Rapid water testing– External economic support– Child disability
• Survey tools– Tablet assisted interviewing– Improved protocols for anthropometric training– Oversampling of households with under-5s, special
population groups
MICS and DHS
• Close collaboration between survey programs for harmonization of survey tools
• Up to 75 percent of indicators in the MICS list can be generated in DHS surveys
• Differences mainly in the areas of child protection, reproductive health, biomarkers, education, data on orphans & foster children, mode of technical assistance
• Technically easy to add modules from one onto the other• Several countries alternating: Ghana, DRC, Cameroon,
and others
MICS and DHS
• Hancioglu A, Arnold F (2013) Measuring Coverage in MNCH: Tracking Progress in Health for Women and Children Using DHS and MICS Household Surveys. PLoS Med 10(5): e1001391. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001391
MICS and Other Survey Programmes
• Limited harmonization with LSMS• Major methodological differences, eligible
respondents, nature of data collected makes it difficult to add from one to the other
• Thematic surveys (MIS, AIS, SMART surveys) collect more detailed information on themes of interest, MICS and DHS collect the minimum needed on a comparable basis
Future: Final MDG Reporting and MICS Surveys 2013-2014
Timeline for global reporting on MDGs
2012 2013 2014 2015
SG’s MDG Report launchSeptember 2015
Data compilation and analysisJune-August 2014
Submission of data for SG’s reportMarch 2015Deadline for Conducting Fieldwork
for Household SurveysEnd of First Quarter 2014
Typical MICS Survey timeline
# of months Activity6 months (timeline dependent on country setting)
Planning and Design
2-4 months Fieldwork (collection of data)3-6 months Survey results
(most data on MDGs included)
6 months Final Results
3-6 monthsFrom completion of fieldwork to generation of survey results
2013-2014: Timelines
• Global Pilot Survey (Bangladesh, May-June 2012)• Finalize survey instruments• …and supporting documents (by March 2013)• Assessment of data gaps, dialogue with governments• Regional Workshops• Survey Implementation
– 2013 - First quarter 2014 at the latest for surveys servicing MDG reporting
– 2013 and 2014 for all other surveys
2013-2014: Regional Workshops
Survey Design WorkshopsKathmandu March 2013 South Asia, East Asia/Pacific, CEECISDakar March-April 2013 Sub-Saharan AfricaAmman April 2013 Middle East, North AfricaManagua May 2013 Latin America/CaribbeanDubai June-July 2013 Global
Data Processing WorkshopsBangkok June 2013 GlobalDakar July 2013 Sub-Saharan Africa?? September Global
2013-2014: Regional Workshops
• Survey Design and Data Processing Workshops at end of 2013, early 2014 for countries conducting surveys in mid to late 2014
• Data Dissemination and Further Analysis Workshops from early 2014 to early 2015
• 40 surveys confirmed, more to join
2015 and beyond
• Complete reports of surveys conducted in 2014
• Post-2015 agenda
• New survey tools• Current UNICEF strategic plan including MICS:
2014-2017
Thank You