Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
1
1.
MUSCLES OF THE CHEST
N Pectoralis major
O clavicle, sternum, costal
cartilages
I intertubercular groove of
the humerus
A Flexes, adducts and
medially rotates arm
(This muscle is superior to Pectoralis
minor)
2.
MUSCLES OF THE CHEST
N Pectoralis minor
O ribs 3,4,5
I coracoid process of
scapula
A Protraction and
depression of scapula
(This muscle is inferior to Pectoralis
major)
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
2
3. MUSCLES OF THE ARM AND CHEST 5. Pectoralis minor O: ribs 3, 4, 5 I: coracoid process of scapula A: Protraction and depression of scapula 6. Pectoralis major O: Clavicle, sternum, costal cart. I: Intertubercular groove A: Flex, adducts, med rot arm 11. Brachialis (MODEL ONLY) O: distal anterior humerus I: coronoid process of ulna A: Flexes forearm
4.
MUSCLES OF THE ARM
N Deltoid
O clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
I deltoid tuberosity
A Abducts arm
5.
MUSCLES OF THE ARM
N Biceps brachii
O coracoid process,
supraglenoid tubercle
I radial tuberosity
A Flexes elbow, supinates
forearm
What is its antagonist?
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
3
6.
MUSCLES OF THE ARM
N Brachialis
O distal anterior humerus
I coronoid process of
ulna
A Flexes forearm
7.
MUSCLES OF THE ARM
N Triceps brachii
O Infraglenoid tubercle, posterior humerus
I olecranon process of ulna
A Extends forearm
Model only
What is its
antagonist?
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
4
8.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTECUBITAL
FOSSA
N Brachioradialis
O lateral supracondylar
ridge
I styloid process of
radius
A Flexes forearm
9.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTECUBITAL
FOSSA
N Pronator Teres
O medial epicondyle
of humerus
I lateral radius
A Pronates and flexes
forearm
10.
EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM
N Extensor digitorum
O lateral epicondyle of
the humerus
I posterior surfaces of
distal phalanges of
digits 2-5
A Extends fingers and
wrist, abducts fingers
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
5
11.
EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM
N Extensor carpi
radialis
O lateral epicondyle
and supracondylar
ridge of humerus
I Base of 2nd and 3rd
metacarpal
A Extends and abducts
wrist
12.
EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM
N Extensor carpi
ulnaris
O lateral epicondyle
of humerus
I 5th metacarpal
A Extends and
adducts wrist
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
6
13.
FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM
N Palmaris Longus
O medial epicondyle of
humerus
I palmar aponeurosis
A weak flexor of wrist
14.
FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM
N Flexor carpi radialis
O medial epicondyle of
humerus
I Base of 2nd & 3rd
metacarpals
(tendon easily seen to
guide
taking pulse of radial
artery)
A Flexes wrist; abducts
hand
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
7
15.
FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM
N Flexor carpi ulnaris
O medial epicondyle
of humerus
I Pisiform, hamate,
and fifth
metacarpal
A flexes wrist,
adducts hand
16.
MUSCLES OF THE HAND Don’t need to know these on the cat, just the human models and the cadaver
N Extensor Pollicis
Longus
A extends thumb
N Extensor Pollicis
Brevis
A extends thumb
N Abductor Pollicis
Longus
A extends and
abducts thumb
1
2
3
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
8
17.
RETINACULUM:
These are not muscles. They are
connective tissue sheaths.
N Flexor retinaculum
N Extensor retinaculum
18.
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
N Supraspinatus
O supraspinous fossa
I greater tubercle of
the humerus
A Abducts and
stabilizes humerus
This is one of the
Rotator Cuff Muscles
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
9
19.
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
This muscle is deep to Trapezius
N Infraspinatus
O infraspinous fossa
I greater tubercle of
the humerus
A Lateral rotation of
humerus
20.
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
N Subscapularis
O subscapular fossa
I lesser tubercle of humerus
A medial rotation of
humerus, stabilizes
shoulder joint
What muscle is deep to
here?
What muscle is on the
inferior surface of the
scapula, under here?
This is one of the
Rotator Cuff Muscles
This is one of
the Rotator
Cuff Muscles
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
10
21.
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
8. Supraspinatus
9. Trapezius
22.
MUSCLES OF THE ROTATOR CUFF
A. Supraspinatus B. Infraspinatus
A
B
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
11
23.
MUSCLES OF THE ROTATOR CUFF
c. Subscapularis d. Teres minor
e.
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
1.
N
Teres Major
O Posterior surface
of inferior angle of
scapula
I Intertubercular
groove
A extends, adducts
and medially
rotates arm
D
C
1
Human
model only
Human model only
Synergist to Latissimus
dorsi
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
12
2.
N
Teres Minor
O lateral border
of scapula
I greater
tubercle of
humerus
A Lateral rotation
of humerus
f.
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
N Rhomboids (major
and minor)
O spinous process of C7-
T5
I medial border of
scapula
A Stabilize scapula
Human
models only
Synergist to
infraspinatus
2N-This is one of the
Rotator Cuff Muscles
2
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
13
g.
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
Rhomboids
h.
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
N Trapezius
O Occipital bone, spines
of C7 and all Thoracic
vertebrae
I spine and acromion of
scapula, lateral
clavicle
A rotates, elevates,
extends, and retracts
scapula;
secondary action:
extends head
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
14
i.
MUSCLES OF THE BACK
N Latissimus dorsi
O lower 6 thoracic
vertebrae, lumbar
vertebrae, iliac crest
I intertubercular
groove of humerus
A Extends, adducts and
medially rotates arm
j.
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN
AND RIBS
N Linea alba: not a muscle, it is just
connective tissue
(This is the line that runs “midline
through the abdomen)
k.
ABDOMEN AND RIBS
N Serratus anterior
O Ribs 1-8
I anterior aspect of
medial (vertebral)
border of scapula
A Protracts and rotates
scapula superiorly and
laterally (“boxer’s
muscle”)
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
15
l.
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN
AND RIBS
This muscle runs in this pattern \\\\\)
N External oblique
O lower 8 ribs
I linea alba, pubic
crest, iliac crest
A Flexion and rotation
of trunk; lateral
flexion
m.
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND
RIBS
N Internal oblique
O Iliac crest, lumbar
fascia, inguinal
ligament
I lower 4 ribs; linea
alba; pubic crest
A Flexion and rotation of
trunk; lateral flexion
(This muscle runs in this pattern
////////////)
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
16
n.
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND
RIBS
N Transversus
abdominis
O iliac crest, cartilages of
lower 6 ribs
I linea alba and pubic
crest
A Compresses
abdominal wall
(This muscle runs in this pattern
========)
o.
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND
RIBS
This muscle runs in this pattern
||||||||||)
N Rectus abdominis
O pubic crest and pubic
symphysis
I Costal cartilages of ribs
5-7 and xiphoid process
A Flexes and rotates trunk
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
17
p.
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN
AND RIBS
This is muscle is antagonist to Internal intercostals)
N External intercostals
A Elevates ribs for
inspiration
q.
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND
RIBS
(This is muscle is antagonist to
External intercostals)
N Internal intercostals
A Depresses ribs for forced
expiration
What is its antagonist?
What is its antagonist?
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
18
r.
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND
RIBS
N Diaphragm
(innervated by
phrenic nerve)
O cartilages of
lowest ribs,
lumbar vertebrae
I central tendon
A Prime mover for
respiration
Result
of
contraction
the diaphragm
moves inferiorly,
thoracic cavity
volume expands,
inhalation
Human
model only
1
2
1. Internal
intercostals
2. External
intercostals
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
19
s.
PELVIC GIRDLE
N Gluteus maximus
O ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I gluteal tuberosity of
femur
A Major extensor of thigh
t.
PELVIC GIRDLE
1. Gluteus maximus
2. N Gluteus medius
O ilium
I greater trochanter of
the femur
A Abducts, medially
rotates thigh
(This is muscle is deep to Gluteus Maximus in a human, but superior to it in a cat)
1 2 3
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
20
u.
PELVIC GIRDLE
1. Gluteus maximus 2. Gluteus medius
3. N Tensor fasciae latae
O iliac crest and
anterior superior iliac
spine
I iliotibial tract
A Steadies trunk on
thigh
v.
PELVIC GIRDLE
1. N Psoas major
O lumbar vertebrae
I lesser trochanter of
femur
A Flexion of thigh and
trunk
3
2 1
1
2
Human
model only
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
21
w.
PELVIC GIRDLE
2. N Iliacus
O Iliac fossa
I lesser
trochanter
of the
femur
A Prime
mover in
thigh
flexion
and in
flexing
trunk
x.
FLEXORS OF THE THIGH
(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE
GROUP)
N Rectus femoris
O anterior inferior iliac
spine
I patella and tibial
tuberosity
A Extends knee and
flexes thigh
1
2
Human
model only
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
22
y.
FLEXORS OF THE THIGH
(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE
GROUP)
(This is muscle is deep and medial to
Rectus femoris)
N Vastus medialis
O linea aspera
I patella and tibial
tuberosity
A Extends knee
z.
FLEXORS OF THE THIGH
(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE
GROUP)
N Vastus lateralis
O Greater trochanter
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee
(This is muscle is deep and lateral to
Rectus femoris)
What’s this?
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
23
aa.
FLEXORS OF THE THIGH
(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE
GROUP)
N Vastus intermedius
O proximal femur
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee
(This is muscle is deep to Rectus
femoris, directly underneath it)
bb.
EXTENSORS OF THE THIGH
(HAMSTRINGS MUSCLE GROUP)
N Biceps femoris
O ischial tuberosity
I fibula and tibia
A Extends thigh, flexes knee
(This is muscle is on the anterior,
lateral side of the thigh)
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
24
cc.
EXTENSORS OF THE THIGH
(HAMSTRINGS MUSCLE GROUP)
N Semimembranosus
O ischial tuberosity
I medial condyle of tibia
A Flexes knee and extends thigh
(This is muscle is on the posterior,
medial side of the thigh, deep
to Semitendinosus)
dd.
EXTENSORS OF THE THIGH
(HAMSTRINGS MUSCLE GROUP)
N Semitendinosus
O ischial tuberosity
I medial aspect of proximal tibia
A Extends thigh, flexes knee
(This is muscle is on the posterior,
medial side of the thigh,
superior to
semimembranosus
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
25
ee.
ADDUCTORS AND ABDUCTORS OF
THE THIGH
N Sartorius
O anterior superior iliac spine
I tibia
A Flexes, abducts and laterally
rotates thigh; flexes knee
(This is muscle is longest muscle in
the body)
ff.
ADDUCTORS AND ABDUCTORS OF
THE THIGH
N Pectineus
O pubis
I posterior femur
A Flexes, adducts, and
medially rotates thigh
(This is muscle touches the blood vessels in groin)
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
26
gg.
ADDUCTORS AND ABDUCTORS OF
THE THIGH
N Gracilis
O pubis
I medial tibia
A flexes knee, adducts and
medially rotates thigh
hh.
ADDUCTORS AND ABDUCTORS
OF THE THIGH
N Adductor longus
O pubis near pubic
symphysis
I linea aspera
A Adducts, flexes and
medially rotates thigh
(This is muscle is on the medial side
of Pectineus)
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
27
ii.
ADDUCTORS AND ABDUCTORS OF
THE THIGH
N Adductor magnus
(= "adductor femoris"
in cats)
O ischium and pubis
I linea aspera of femur
A Adducts, flexes and
medially rotates thigh
(This is muscle is on the medial side
of Adductor longus)
jj.
ADDUCTORS AND ABDUCTORS OF
THE THIGH
N Tensor fasciae latae
O iliac crest and anterior
superior iliac spine
I iliotibial tract
A Steadies trunk on thigh
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
28
kk.
MUSCLES OF THE LEG
1.
N
Gastrocnemius
O medial and lateral condyles of
femur
I posterior calcaneus via
Achilles tendon
A flexes lower leg;
plantarflexes foot
ll.
MUSCLES OF THE LEG
2.
N
Soleus
O head of fibula and
tibia
I posterior calcaneus via
Achilles tendon
A Plantarflexes foot
(This is muscle is deep to
Gastrocenimus)
1 2
1 2
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
29
mm.
MUSCLES OF THE LEG
N Tibialis anterior
O lateral condyle and tibial
shaft
I First metatarsal and medial
cuneiform
A Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
(This is muscle is the anterior, lateral
side of the tibia)
nn.
MUSCLES OF THE LEG
N Peroneus (fibularis) longus
O head of fibula
I First metatarsal and medial
cuneiform
A Plantarflexion and foot
eversion
(This is muscle is on lateral side of
the leg)
What is its antagonist?
What is its antagonist?
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
30
oo.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK
(This is muscle forms a “V”)
N Digastric “two bellies”
O Mandible and mastoid
process
I hyoid bone
A Opens mouth and
depresses mandible
pp.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK
N Mylohyoid
O Mandible
I Hyoid
A Elevates hyoid
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
31
qq.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK
N Sternocleidomastoid
O manubrium and clavicle
I mastoid process
A Singly, rotates head to
opposite shoulder; together,
flexes head
rr.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK
N Sternohyoid
O manubrium and clavicle
I hyoid bone
A Depresses hyoid and larynx
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
32
ss.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK
N Sternothyroid
O manubrium
I thyroid cartilage
A Depresses thyroid cartilage
tt.
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK
N Thyrohyoid
O thyroid cartilage
I hyoid
A Depresses hyoid or elevates
larynx
uu.
A. Thyrohyoid B. Sternothyroid
A
B
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
33
vv.
MUSCLES OF THE EYE
N Superior rectus
A Adducts and elevates eye
ww.
MUSCLES OF THE EYE
N Inferior rectus
A Adducts and depresses eye
xx.
MUSCLES OF THE EYE
N Medial rectus
A Adducts eye
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
34
yy.
MUSCLES OF THE EYE
N Lateral rectus
A Abducts eye
zz.
MUSCLES OF THE EYE
N Superior oblique
A Abducts and depresses eye
aaa.
MUSCLES OF THE EYE
N Inferior oblique
A Abducts and elevates eye
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
35
bbb.
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
N Epicranius
A raises eyebrows and
pulls scalp posteriorly
ccc.
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
N Levator labii superioris
A Raises upper lip
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
36
ddd.
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
N Zygomaticus
A raises corners of mouth,
smiling muscle
eee.
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
N Orbicularis oculi
A Closes eye
fff.
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
N Orbicularis oris
A Closes and puckers
lips; kissing/whistling
muscle
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
37
ggg.
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
N Buccinator
A Compresses cheek (for
whistling and sucking)
hhh.
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
N Masseter
O zygomatic arch
I angle and ramus of mandible
A Elevates mandible
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
38
iii.
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
N Temporalis
A Closes jaw
jjj.
HISTOLOGY OF MUSCLES
1. Skeletal muscle: moves the skeleton
2. Smooth muscle: Found in organs 3. Cardiac muscle: has intercalated
discs
1 2 3
Muscles of the Cat Review Sheet
39
Sarcomere Model
Sarcomere (S),
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR),
Tubules (T),
Nerve (N).
S
SR
T
N
S
SR
T
N