METHODS OF DEVLOPING LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
• READING ABOUT LIVES & DEEDS OF GREAT PEOPLE• OBSERVING LEADER IN ORGANISATION &
EXECUTION OF PROGRAMS• GETTING INSPIRATION & ENCOURAGEMENT FROM
ONE WHO EXERCISE LEADERSHIP POSITION• ATTENDING LEADERSHIP TRAINING CAMPS• GIVING RESPONSIBILITY TO APPROPRIATE PERSONS
• DISCIPLINE IS THE INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP ATTITUDE WHICH ENSURES PROMPT OBEDIANCE TO ORDERS &INVOCATION OF APPROPRIATE ACTION IN ABSENCE OF ORDERS.
• DUTY IS DEFINED AS THE MORAL OR LEGAL OBLIGATION BINDING FORCE OF WHAT IS RIGHT &GOOD BEHAVOIUR TOWARDS SUPERIORS
DEFINITION: STATE OF MIND WHICH INFLUENCE A
GROUP OF MEN TO GIVE THEIR BEST TO ACHIEVE A COMMON GOAL.
FACTORS AFFECTING MORALE:• STATE OF MIND• SPIRITUAL ASPECT• INTELLECTUAL & MATERIAL ASPECT
• IT IS THE DEFENCE OF THE CITIZEN BY THE CITIZEN.
AIMS:• TO SAVE LIFE • TO MINIMISE DAMAGE TO PROPERTY• TO MAINTAIN CONTINUITY IN PRODUCTION• TO UPHOLD THE MORALE OF THE PEOPLE
TYPES:• PROTECTIVE MEASURES: DISPERSION OF
POPULATION, CAMOUFLAGE.• CONTROL MEASURES: SALVAGE, FEEDING,
SHELTERING.• RESTORATIVE MEASURES: DISPOSAL OF DEAD,
CONTROL OF INFECTION.
HOME GUARD: IT IS AN ORGANISED DISCIPLINED BODY OF
VOLUNTEERS TO PERFORM CIVIL DEFENCE DUTIES AND ASSIST THE POLICE IN TRAFFIC CONTROL AND EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
TYPES OF FIRE & THEIR EXTINGUISHERS:
• SOLID FIRE -2 GALLON SODA ACID XTING• LIQUID -2 GALLON FOAM XTING• ELECTRIC FIRE -CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE
PARTIES IN FIRE FIGHTING:• FIRE FIGHTING PARTY-TO PUT OFF FIRE • FIRE PIQUET PARTY -PROTECT PLACE FROM
LOOTING• SALVAGE PARTY -SAFES LIFE & PROVIDES
MEDICAL AID• RESERVE PARTY -HELP THE OTHER
PARTIES
• DO THINGS FIRSTLY& QUICKLY WITHOUT FUSS• GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION• STOP THE BLLEDING& COVER THE WOUND
WITH CLEAN DRESSING• TREAT FOR SHOCK BY KEEPING PATIENT
WARM• DONOT ALLOW PEOPLE TO CROWD AROUND• DISPATCH PATIENT TO HOSPITAL AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE
• IDENTIFY SNAKE IF POSSIBLE• APPLY TURNICATE NEAR WOUND TO ARREST
BLOOD CIRCULATION• WASH THE WOUND WITH AVAILABLE ANTISEPTIC
LOTION OR PLAIN WATER • INCISE BITTEN AREA WITH A KNIFE TO FLOW OFF
BLOOD• PROVIDE HOT DRINK FOR PATIENT• APPLY ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION, CONSULT
DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY
IMMEDIATE HELP GIVEN TO INJURED PERSON BEFORE ARRIVAL OF DOCTOR
• MOTTO-LOOK, THINK & ACT
THINGS KEPT IN FIRST AID BOX: ASPIRIN, BURNOL, TINCTURE IODINE, DETTOL, SCISSORS, BANDAGES, COTTON WOOL, PLASTERS.
• CLEAN &WASH THE AREA WITH WATER &SOAP
• APPLY POTASSIUM PERMAGANATE • CAUSTERISE THE WOUND WITH CORBOLIC
AACID OR RED HOT NEEDLE• FIND WHETHER DOG IS AFFECTED BY RABIES
• SUPPORT INJURED PART WITH SPLINT • MAKE THE INJURED PART IMMOBILE• TAKE HIM TO HOSPITAL AS SUCH • REASSURE THE PATIENT• REMOVE THE STING• WASH WOUND WITH POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE• GIVE ASPRIN & AVIL
• WET CLOTHES SHOULD BE LOOSENED • MOUTH, THORAT, & NOSTRILS SHOULD BE
CLERARED FROM MUCUS• PATIENT SHOULD BE MADE TO LIE DOWN
OVER HIS BELLY, FACE DOWN HEAD TURNED TO ONE SIDE ARMS STRECHED BEYOND HEAD ,TONGUE PULLED OUT
• ARITIFICIAL RESPIRATION SHOULD BE GIVEN WHEN HE STARTS BREATHING
• SWITCH OF BREAK THE CURRENT IF POSSIBLE • REMOVE PATIENT FROM CONTACT OF
CURRENT .STAND ON SOME INSULATION MATERIAL-BOOTS, RUBEER SOLED SHOES
• GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION• TREAT FOR SHOCK & BURNS
• HAEMORRHAGE MEANS BLEEDING• STOP BLEEDING WITH THUMB BY APPLYING
PRESSURE • REPLACE THUMB WITH WET BANDAGE & HOLD
IT TIGHTLY• GIVE HIM DRINKS • DURING TRANSIT KEEP HIS HEAD SLIGHTLY
LOWER THAN THE BODY• WHEN OATIENT IS UNCONSIOUS DON’T GIVE
ANYTHING TO DRINK
• HYGINENE IS SCIENCE WHICH DEALS WITH PRINCIPLE OF PROMOTING HEALTH,PERSONAL & PUBLIC
• SANITATION IS ART OF KEEPING OURSELF & SURROUNDING NEAT & CLEAN
• PERSONAL HYGIENECLEANLINESS OF HAIR , BODY , SKIN ,
CLOTHES , NIALS, TEETH
• COMMUNICABLE DISEASES»EXCREMENTAL DISEASES»DROPLET DISEASES»CONTACT DISEASES»INSECT BORNE, ANIMAL BORNE ,
WATER BORNE DISEASE
• TO TEACH THE CADETS ABOUT THE VALUES & SKILLS IN EXTENDING WELFARE SERVICE AMG WEAKER SECTIONS OF COMMUNITY
PROBLEMS OF WEAKER SECTION• ILL HEALTH• LACK OF SANITATION,DRINKING WATER• ILLITERACY• IGNORANCE OF THEIR RIGHTS & DUTIES
SOCIAL PROBLEMS• ILLITERACY• ENVIORNMENT DEGRADATION• HEALTH, HYGIENE & SANITATION• FMILY WELFARE• DRUG ADDITIONS• DOWRY SYSTEMS• FAMILY PLANNING• ERADICATION OF POLIO, MALARIA,LEPROSY &
AIDS
FOUR REGIONS OF ATMOSPHERE
• TROPOSPHERE -9km NEAR POLES,17km NEAR EQUATOR
• STATOSPHERE -FORM TROPO UPTO 3km• IONOSPHERE -FROM STRATO UPTO 24km• EXOSPHERE -FROM IONO UPTO 1126.5km
FORCES ACTING ON AIR CRAFT
• LIFT - ACTING VERTICALLY UPWARDS (RIGHT ANGLES) THROUGH CP
• DRAG - ACTING HORIZONTALY BACKWARDS• WEIGHT - ACTING VERTICALLY DOWNWARS• THRUST -ACTING VERTICALLY FORWARD
COMPONENTS OF DRAG
• FORM DRAG • INDUCED DRAG • SKIN FRICTION• PARASITE DRAG
FLAP• IT IS A LIFT AUGUMENTING DEVICE FITTED ON
THE TRAILING EDGE OF THE WING
TYPES• VARIABLE FLAP OR SIMPLE FLAP• SPLIT• SLOTTED• ZAP• FLOWER• JET
LAPSE RATE• THE RATE OF DECREASE OF TEMPERATURE
WITH HEIGHTGLIDING • IT IS A METHOD OF FLYING IN WHICH
AIRCRAFT IS LOSING HEIGHT WITHOUT POWER AT A CONSTANT SPEED MAINTAINING LATERAL LEVEL & DIRECTION
YAWING• THE ANGULAR MOVEMENT ABOUT ITS
ANGULAR AXIS
STALLING THE AIRCRAFT IS OUT OF CONTROL WITH
A SUDDEN LOSS OF HEIGHT BY INCREASE IN ANGLE OF ATTACK
STALLING ANGLE• THE ANGLE OF ATTACK AT WHICH LIFT OF
AEROFOIL IS MAX &THERE IS A SUDDEN LOSS IN LIFT & RAPID INCREASE IN DRAG DUE TO AIRFLOW OVER AEROFOIL BECOMING TURBULENT INSTEAD OF STREAMLINED
ANGLE OF ATTACK• ANGLE BETWEEN CHORD LINE & RELATIVE AIR
FLOW• THE L/D RATIO IS MAX AT +4 DEGREE ANGLE
OF ATTAK .AT THIS ANGLE AEROFOIL MUST BE EFFICIENT .THIS IS CALLED OPTIMUM ANGLE OF ATTACK
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE• ANGLE BETWEEN CHORD LINE &
LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF AIRCRAFT
AUTO ROTATION• THE STALLED CONDITION OF FLIGHT IN
WHICH AN AIRCRAFT AUTO-ROLLS & AUTO YAWS
SPINNING OF FLIGHT • THE STALLED CONDITION OF FLIGHT IN
WHICH AIRCRAFT RAPIDLY LOSSES HEIGHT IN SPIRAL PATH WHILE AUTO ROTATING & AUTO-PITCHING
THREE AXIS IN WHICH AIR CRAFT ROTATE• LONGITUDINAL AXIS• LATERAL AXIS• NORMAL AXISANGULAR MOTION IN AIRCRAFT
CONTROL SURFACE MOVEMENTS CALLED MOVEMENT AROUND
ELEVATOR PITICHING VERTICAL AXIS
AILERON ROLLING LONGITUDINAL AXIS
RUDDER YAWING LATERAL AXIS
AIRCRAFT• ANY WEIGHT CARRYING DEVICE DESIGNED
SUPPORTED BY AIR ,EITHER BOUYANT OR DYNAMIC
AEROPLANE• A MECHANICALLY DRIVEN AIRCRAFT WITH
FIXED WINGS SUPPORTED BY DYNAMIC REACTION OF AIR UPON WINGS
AIR FRAME• AN AIRCRAFT WITHOUT ITS ENGINES FUSELAGE • THE BODY OF AIRCRAFT TO WHICH
WINGS, TAIL PLANE, FIN, RUDDER, & OTHER SURFACE ARE ATTACHED
MAIN PLANE • THE HORIZONTAL MAIN WINGS OF
AEROFOIL SECTION ATTACHED TO FUSELAGE
AILERONS• HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURFACE
HINGED TO REAR SPART OF MAIN PLANE NEAR WING TIP.ROLLING MOVEMENT IS ACHIEVED
ELEVATOR • HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURFACE BY
WHICH UPWARDS OR DOWNWARDS INCLINATION OF AN AEROPLANE IN FLIGHT IS CONTROLLED
TAIL PLANE • FIXED HORIZONTAL SURFACE OF
SURFACES FORMING OF TAIL UNIT WHICH AFFECT THE LONGITUDINAL STABILITY OF THE MOTION OF AN AEROPLANE
RUDDER • THE MOVABLE VERTICAL SURFACE
FORMING PART OF THE TAIL UNIT BY WHICH THE AIRPLANE IN FLIGHT IS CONTROLLED
COCKPIT• THE PORTION OF A FUSEL OF NECELLE
DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE PILOTSCONTROL COLUMN• THE LEVER BY WHICH THE ELEVATOR &
AILERON CONTROLS ARE OPERATEDFIN• FIXED VERTICAL SURFACES FORMING PART OF
TAIL UNIT BY WHICH YOWING STABILTY OF AEROPLANE IS EFFECTIVE.
AIR BRAKE • A DEVICE PRIMARILY USED TO INCREASE
THE AIR DRAG OF AIRCRAFT CREEP• THE ROTATION OF TYRE OVER THE WHEELBI PLANE • ONE SET OF MAIN PLANE IS FIXED OVER
THE OTHER SET OF MAIN PALNE
PROPELLER• A SCREW DESIGNED TO CONVERT THE
POWER DEVELOPED BY ENGINE INTO FORWARD THRUST
WINGS• MAIN LIFT GIVING COMPONENTS WHICH
CARRIES BOMBS, MISSILES,DROP-TANTS &NECKETS IN FIGHTER AIR CRAFTS
AEROFOIL• A BODY DESIGNED TO PRODUCE MORE LIFT
THAN DRAG • IT IS CHAMBERED ON THE TOP SURFACE&
MORE OR LESS STRAIGHT AT THE BOTTOM SURFACE
SLOTTED AEROFOIL• AN AEROFOIL HAVING ITS TWO SURFACES
CONNECTED BY ONE OR MORE AIR PASSAGE OR SLOTS WHEN PRIMARY OBJECT IS TO IMPROVE AIR FLOW AT HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK
SPAN• THE OVER ALL LENGTH FROM WING TIP TO
WING TIP BULK HEAD• ANY TRANSVERSE PARTITION THE FUSELAGE
WHICH SEPARATES TWO PARTS COMPLETETLY FROM ONE OTHER
LEADING EDGE• THE FORWARD MEMBER OF AEROFOIL
TARILING EDGE • THE AFT EDGE OF AN STREAMLINE OF
AEROFOIL.CHAMBER • A CURVED LINE JOINING LEADING & TRAILING
EDGE OF AEROFOIL, WHICH IS EQUAL DISTANCE FROM UPPER & LOWER SURFACE OF AEROFOIL AT ALL POINTS.
CHORD• IT’S THE LENGTH OF CHORD LINE IN AN
AEROFOIL FROM LEADING EDGE TO TRAILLING EDGE
UNDER CARRIAGE
• PART OF AEROPLANE INTENDED FOR ITS SUPPORT WHILE ON GROUND OR WATER TO ABSORB SHOCK TO LANDING & DURIN TAKE OFF TAXING
• THE MULTIWHEEL ARRANGEMENT ON AIRCRAFT U/C SYSTEM IS KNOWN AS BOGIE ARRANGEMENT
• TYPES OF UNDER CARRIAGE FIXED U/C• THE U/C UNIT IS FIXED TO THE FUSELAGE &
CAN NOT BE RETRACTED FOLDED DURING FLIGHT
RETRACTABLE U/C• THE U/C UNIT IS MADE RETRACTABLE IN
FLIGHT TO REDUCE THE DRAG
PRIMARY CONTROL SURFACE OF AIRCRAFT
• ELEVATOR - FOUND AT TRAILING EDGE OF TAIL PLANE ------PROVIDING PITICHING MOVEMENT
• AILERON - FOUND AT TRAILING EDGE OF MAIN PLANE/ WINGS AT TIP END------PROVIDING ROLLING MOVEMENT
• RUDDER - FOUND AT TRAILING EDGE OF VENTRAL FIN---- PROVIDING YAWING MOVEMENT
CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF AIR FRAME
• SMOOTH SKIN OF REQUIRED AERO DYNAMIC FORM.
• SUFFICIENT STRENGHT TO WITHSTAND LANDING & HANDLING LOADS.
• MOUNTING POINTS FOR ENGINE, FUEL TANKS EQUIPMENTS etc.
• SUFFICIENT STIFFNESS TO RETAIN ITS CORRECT SHAPE
• PROTECTION OF AIRCREW & RADIO GEAR , COOLING FOR ENGINE & ELECTRICAL GEAR
• SUFFICIENT BREAKDOWN POINTS FOR EASY DISMANTLING
• THE DESIGN ITSELF SHOULS BE CHEAP & EASY FOR PRODUCTION & REPAIRS
PURPORSE• TO KNOW THE NATURE & IDENTIFY THE
AIRCRAFT DURING BOTH WAR & PEACE
HOW IT IS RECOGNIZED ?• BY WING POSITION, WING SHAPE, WING TIPS,
FINS, CANOPY, TAIL PLANES & MARKING
DURING WAR TIME• IT HELPS THE MOP(MOBILE OBSERVATION
POSTT) TO FIND WHETHER THE AIRCRAFT IS FRIEND OR FOE
• IT HELPS TO KNOW THE CAPABLITY OF AIRCRAFT BY IDENTIFYING ITS TYPE
DURING PEACE TIME• IT HELPS TO IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF AIRCRAFT POSSESSED BY ENEMY & ASSES THE STRENGTH OF COUNTRY & PREPARE FOR SELF DEFENCE
CLASSIFICATION OF AIRCRAFTS AS PER ROLES
• FIGHTER - FOR OFFENSIVE & DEFENSIVE PURPOSE
• TRAINER -FOR PURPOSE OF TRAINING • BOMBER -FOR OFFENSIVE & DEFESIVE
PURPOSE• TRANSPORT -TO CARRY MEN MATERIALS• HELICOPTOR -FOR OFFENSIVE , DEFESIVE
TRRAINING & TRANSPORT PURPOSE
FIGHTER AIRCRAFTS IN IAF
• MIG -21,23,27,29• MIG -21FL• MIG - 21 BIG• SUKHOI -30• MIRRAGE 2000• JAGUAR
HELICOPTERS IN IAF
• CHEETAH• CHETAK• MI -17• MI -8• MI -25• MI -26• MI -35
• AIRMANSHIP IS A STUDY OF RULES & REGULATION WHICH MUST BE FOLLOWED BOTH ON GROUND AND IN AIR TO ENSURE SAFETY & PROPER DISCIPLNE IN FLYING
• INCLUDES AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL PROCEDURES & OTHER LAID DOWN ACTIONS TO DEAL WITH ANY TYPE OF A/C EMERGENCIES & OTHER CONTINGENCIES
IMPORTANCE OF AIRMANSHIP
• HELPS TO INCULATE THE SENCE OF DISCIPLINE AMONGST PILOTS & OTHER CREO MEMBERS
• HELPS PILOT TO KNOW THE STANDARD PROCEDURES LAID DOWN FOR AIRFIELD ON WHICH HE IS OPERATING
• HELPS THE PILOT TO KNOW PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN EMERGENCY SITUATION
• GOOD AIRMANSHIP ENSURES A PILOT AT HIS BEST, WHEN THE SITUATION AT IT’S WORST
• FINALLY, AIRMANSHIP WHEN STUDIED IN CORRECT SENSE, PROMOTES FLIGHT SAFETY & PREVENTS AIRCRAFT SAFETY
ATC ( AIR TRAFFIC CONTOL)• IT CONTROLS THE MONEMENT OF
AIRCRAFT ON AIR , & IT’S MOVEMENT ON GROUND
FORCED LANDING
• IT IS DEFINED AS A LANDING WHICH WAS NOT CONTEMPLATED BEFORE THE FLIGHT BEGAN
• IT MAY BE CARRIED OUT EITHER ON A AIRFIELD OR OUTSIDE
REASONS FOR FORCED LANDING• FUEL SHORTAGE • TECHNICAL DEFECT IN ENGINE OR AIRFRAME • POSITION NOT KNOW
AERODROME • IT IS THE DEFINED AS THE AREA OF
LAND OR WATER INCLUDING BUILDING & INSTALLATION, NORMALY USED FOR TAKE-OFF &LANDING OF AIRCRAFT
AIRFIELD • IT REFERS TO AN AREA OF LAND USED
FOR TAKE-OFF & LANDING OF AIRCRAFT EXCLUDES BUILDING & INSTALLATION
AIRPORT • THE WORLD AIRCRAFT IS CHIEFLY USED
FOR FLYING ESTABLISHMENT WHICH HANDLE INTERNATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC & THERFORE HAVE A CUSTOM HOUSE, OTHER TRAVEL AMENTIES PORT FACILITIES IN FACT
SIGNAL SQARE • A NUMBER VISUAL GROUND SIGNALS
WHICH GIVE THE PILOT ESSENTIAL INFORMATION ARE DISPLAYED IN FRONT OF CONTROL TOWER IN A SQUARE
APPROACH LIGHTING• THIS IS TO ASSIST THE PILOT TO MAKE AN
APPROACH FOR LANDING IN POOR VISIBLITY AT NIGHT
TAXYING • IT IS THE MOVEMENT OF A/C WITH ITS
OWN POWER TOWING • IT IS THE MOVEMENT OF A/C WITHOUT ITS
OWN POWER, BUT BY EXTERNAL POWER LIKE MANPOWER/TRACTOR
BLAST PENS • TO ENSURE THAT IN THE EVENT OF AN
ENEMY ATTAK THE A/C ARE SAFELY PARKED & ALSO ARE NOT CONCENTRATED AT ONE PLACE THEY ARE PROVIDED AT VARIOUS AIRFIELDS
TAXI TRACK• TAXI TRACK IS CONSTRUCTED OR A
MARKED PATH USED BY A/C MOVING ON GROUND AT AN AIRFIELD
CIRCUIT RULES • THE AIRFILED CIRCUIT IS THE AIR SPACE
EXTENDING TO 3000ft ABOVE AIRFIELD ELEVATION, ON RADIUS OF 18000ft FROM THE CENTRE OF THE AIRFIELD
WHEN THE FLYING IN CIRCUIT, A PILOT IS TO• KEEP A SHARP LOOK OUT FOR OTHER
AIRCRAFT IN THE VICINITY • CONFIRM WITH OR AVOID THE TRAFFIC
PATTERN
• MAINTAIN A CONTINUOUS LISTENING WATCH ON THE AERODROME R/T FREQUENCIES &KEEP A SHARP LOOK OUT FOR ANY VISUAL SIGNALS WHICH MAY BE DISPLAYED
• OBTAIN BY R/T OR VISUAL MEANS, AUTHORIZATION FOR ANY MOVEMENTS
• IT AS AN ART OF GUIDING AN AIRCRAFT
THROUGH THE AIR, SO THAT IT ARRIVES AT DESIRED POSITION AT A PRE CALCULATED TIME
• IT CONSIST OF DEAD RECKONING
THE REQUIREMENTS OF SUCCESSFUL NAVIGATION ARE
• ACCURATE PRE FLIGHT PLANNING• ACCURATE FLYING, • GOOD MAP READING• ATTENTION TO ETAs & CHANGE OF ETA IF
NECESSARY
WHY A PILOT SHOULD BE THOROUGH ABOUT NAVIGATION?
• HE HAS THE PRIMARY DUTY OF FLYING THE AIRCRAFT
• IT WOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE FOR HIM TO CARRYOUT THE DETAILED TASK OF A PROFESSIONAL NAVIGATOR
• USAGE OF PLOTTING TABLES, COMPUTERS, CHART etc.
• HAS TO BE SKILLED IN MAP READING IN ORDER TO NAVIGATE ACCURATELY
METHODS OF REPORING THE POSITION OF A/C BY THE PILOT
• CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM• POLAR COORDINATEPOLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM• IN THIS SYSTEM, THE POSITION REPORING
IS DONE THROUGH BEARING & DISTANCE FROM A PARTICULAR POINT (OR) BY FIRST REFERING TO THE NAME OF PROMINENT PLACE OR LAND MARK
TRUE NORTH • IT IS THE DIRECTION INDICATED BY THE
POSITION OF GEOGRAPHIC NORTH POLE & IT IS REPRESENTED BY MERIDIANS
COURSE • IT IS THE DIRECTION IN WHICH THE FORCE
& AFT OF THE AXIS OF THE A/C IS POINTINGTRACK • THE DIRECTION OF THE PATH OF A/C WITH
REFERENCE TO GROUND
DEVIATION • AN ANGULAR DIFFERENCE B/W THEN
MAGNETIC NORTH & COMPASS NORTHVARIATION• THE ANGULAR DIFFERENCE B/W NORTH &
MAGNETIC NORTH AT A PLACE GREAT CIRCLE • GREAT CIRCLE IS DRAWN ON THE SURFACE
OF THE EARTH WHOSE PLAIN CUTS THE EARTH INTO 2 EQUAL PARTS i.e. EQUATOR
RHUMB LINE • IT IS THE LINE CUTTING ALL THE
MERIDIANS AT THE SAME ANGLEEQUATOR• IT IS A GREAT CIRCLE WHOSE PLANE IS
PERPENDICULAR TO AXIS OF ROTATION OF THE EARTH.
• THE EQUATOR LIES IN A EAST WEST DIRECTION & DIVIDES THE EARTH INTO NOTHERN & SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
SMALL CIRCLE • THE CIRCLE ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH
WHICH CUTS THE EARTH INTO 2 PARTS WHICH ARE UNEQUAL
EARTH AXIS • IT IS A VERTICAL LINE JOINING THE TWO
POLES OF THE EARTH, LYING PERPENDICULAR TO THE EQUATOR & PASSING THROUGH THE CENTRE OF THE EARTH
INDIAUNION GOVERNMENT
• Ms.Pratibha Devisingh Patil:PRESIDENT• Mohammad Hamid Ansari:V.PRESIDENT•
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS• PRIME MINISTER:Mr.Manmohan Singh• FINANCE :Mr.Pranab Mukherjee• AGRI,FOOD• CIVIL&PUBLIC • DISTRIBUTION :Mr.Sharad Pawar• DEFENCE :Mr.A.K.Antony• HOME AFFAIRS :Mr.P.Chidambaram• RAILWAYS :Ms.Mamta Banerjee• EXTERNAL AFF• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• AIRS :Mr.S.M.Krishna • • HEALTH&FAM• ILY WELFARE :Mr.Ghulam Nabi Azad• POWER :Mr.Sushil Kumar Shinde• LAW&JUSTICE :Mr.M.Veerappa Moily• URBAN DEVE• LOPEMENT :Mr.S.Jaipal Reddy• R&T HIGH • WAYS :Mr.Kamal Nath• OVERSEAS• INDIAN • AFFAIRS :Mr.Vayalar Ravi• PETROLEUM• • • •
• &NATURL• GAS :Mr.Murali Deora • HUMAN • RESOURCE • DEVELOPEM:Mr.Kabil Sibal• IT&BROAD• CASTING :Ms.Ambika Soni• SHIPPING :Mr.G.K.Vasan• TEXTILES :Mr.Dayanidhi Maran• COMMUNI• CATION&IT:Mr.A.Raja• YOUTH• AFFAIRS&• SPORTS :Dr.Farooq Abdullah• CIVIL AVI• ATION :Mr.Praful Patel • •
CHIEF OF ARMED FORCESas on 12-08-2010
• SUPREME COMMANDER:• PRESIDENT Ms.Pratiba Devisingh Patil .
• VICE PRESIDENT: HAMID ANSARI.
• DG OF NCC : LT GENERAL RAJ KUMAR KARWAL.
• DEPUTY DG OF NCC: COMMODOUR SARDAR IMAM.
• CHIEF OF INTEGRATED DEFENCE STAFF:• VICE-ADMIRAL Raman Puri.
• CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF :LF GENERAL V.K SING• CHIEF OF NAVAL STAFF :ADMIRAL NIRMAL KUMAR.• CHIEF OF AIR STAFF :AIR CHIEF MARSHAL
P.V.Naik .• GROUP COMMANDER:GROUP CAPTAIN SANAL
KUMAR.• COMMANDING OFFICER:WING COMMANDER
A.RAVINDARAN.• COMMANDER IN CHIEF STRAGIC FORCES: VICE
ADMIRAL VIJAY KUMAR
RANKS IN NCC
• 1 . FC FLIGHT CADET• 2 . LFC LEADING FLIGHT CADET• 3 . CADET CORPRAL• 4 . CADET SERGANT• 5 . CADET WARRANT OFFICER• 6 . CADET UNDER OFFICER• 7 . SENIOUR UNDER OFFICER