WELCOME
An Introduction to “Network Centric Warfare”
D.A.Mohan, CEO, DAC IntlFormerly, Executive Director(Strategy), Bharat Electronics
Delivered at: “The Bangalore Science Forum”19th August 2015
How Warfare has changed over timePlatform Centric Warfare
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Platform Centric Warfare
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Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare
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Electronic Warfare Jammers, Direction Finders, Intelligence
gathering, ECM & ECCM, Cyber attack
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Technology Innovations
• Innovations in Technology accelerated after1970
• Innovations in Defence & Aerospace fueleddevelopments in Civilian sector and Viceversa
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Disruptive innovation is changing our world
Innovation Disrupted MarketCD / DVD Cassette Tapes
Digital Photography Film PhotographyFlat Panel TVs CRT TVs
Fixed Telephones Mobile PhonesSmart Phones, IPads Cameras, Laptops
Internet Altering the way mankind thinks and interacts
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Disruptive Tech in Military - Examples
Disruptive Technologies - Capabilities that were not available and unimaginable In the past decade• Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)• Driverless Vehicles• Cyber technology • Wearable technologies • Internet of Things (IOT)
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Dawn of this Century
Widespread adoption of the INTERNET
led to arrival of “Network Centric Warfare”
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What is Network Centric Warfare?
• Integration and interconnection (Networking) of all different participants in the warfare environment
• Exchange Information• Create Situational awareness• Help fast & correct decision making• Quick action
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New paradigm of Warfare
Collection of Data & Transmission, Extraction of useful Information & Intelligence,
Dissemination, Decision Making & Action using
Appropriate advanced weaponry & platforms Feedback
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The Command & Control Process
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Core concept of NCWTight integration and Networking of:
• Sensors• Failsafe Transverse Communication Media• Command & Control centers• Land, Air and Naval platforms & Tactical units
To Achieve• Situational Awareness in a highly mobile
environment• Perfect Synchronisation between sensors &
Shooters for effective response
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NCW in Nature
Operating under simple rules, birds orient ontheir immediate neighbours to form a V-shaped,self-organized, cooperative adaptive system.
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Layers of Network
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Tactical Network
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Airborne NCW
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Signals Intelligence
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Key Elements of Network Centric WarfareSensor Systems
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Key Elements of Network Centric WarfareIntegrated Communications infrastructure
• Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint Radios• Powerful data routers• Mobile ad-hoc networking (MANET), Multi media
encryption• Combine HF/VHF/UHF/Microwave /SD Radio networks
with IP-based LAN and WAN networks, Fixed & mobileTelephone networks , and Satellite
• Backbone Network with auto rerouting to avoidjammed pathways
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Key Elements of Network Centric WarfareThe Radio
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Important Network Elements- The Radio
• Independent Voice & Data Communications• High Data Rates & Low Spectrum usage• Embedded GPS capability• Net capability- Multi hop & MANET (Mobile
Adhoc Net) • Operational range in all environmental
conditions• Electronic Protection – Encryption & Anti Jam• Software Defined Radio - Good solution
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Benefits of SDR in Tactical communications
• Embedded routing mechanisms• Reconfiguration of the network in a fast and
automatic way; Seamless connectivity• Radio based positioning capability
(Triangulation) – alternative to GPS• Electronic warfare functionalities• Security of communications)• Easy interoperability among different military
forces• Gradual replacement of legacy radios and
interoperability with them
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Important Network Elements - Routers
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Router-to-Radio connectivity
Radio
System
Next-generation3200
Different rates depending on SNR/BER and radio waveform of connection
(potentially many waveforms in same chassis)
Important Network Elements – The Satellite
• Satellite communications networks satisfymilitary network centricity requirementsover entire hemispheric areas
• High power X , Ku & Ka-band satellites areideally suited to ISR requirements. L-Bandand S-Band systems for small narrowbandterminals.
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Satcom Terminals & Earth Stations
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Role of Military Satellites
• Static arena applications,Ø High command, Strategic fixed network &
Territorial command posts
• Deployed arena applications,
Ø Divisional command posts, Brigade commandposts and Special Forces
• Maneuvering arena applications,
Ø Battalion command posts and Special Forces
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Multi Sensor Data Fusion & Decision Support
• Analyse & filter incoming data from multiple sensors including human inputs (Voice, Video streams, Raw data)
• Combine filtered data• Further Analysis• Extract useful & actionable information• Present to decision makers – Digital displays• Assist decision making process – On line/off line
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Technologies for Data Fusion• Very complex process, Handle Terra Bytes of data• Data Compression / Decompression• Sophisticated computer algorithms, Data bases, Data
base management, Data mining • Knowledge systems, Pattern identification,
Geographical Information Systems (GIS)• Very high performance computing, Computer
Networking, SENSOR interface technologies• Display technologies, Decision Support Systems, High
speed Communications, Overlay on GIS• Immunity from Cyber attacks
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Command & Control Center
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Indian Network Centric Programs• CIDSS – Command Information & Decision
Support System• BSS – Battlefield Surveillance System• AWAN – Army Wide Area Network• ASCON- Army Strategic Communication Network• BMS- Battle Field Management System• TCS – Tactical Communication System• NFS – Network For Spectrum• ACCCS – Artillery Command & Control System• AFNET – Air Force Network• Navy Net – Naval Network
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Battle Field Surveillance System
GENERATORSURVEILLANCE CENTER
COMMUNICATION CONTROL UNIT
NCW DrawbacksInformation and how it is processed and interpretedin the minds of the combatants is just as important—ifnot more important—than the information itself• NCW - Computer centric instead of Human centric• Heavy reliance on complex technology, particularly
infrastructure - primary centre of gravity foropponents to exploit
• Any disruption to networks could be catastrophic• GPS - Core asset for NCW to work - GPS jammers
can block GPS signals• Cyber attack susceptibility
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Interoperability - Major challenge in Network Centric Systems
Interoperability between:• Different types of Hardware & Software used
in various electronic systems• Equipment used by Infantry soldier, Tanks &
other Ground fighting vehicles• Gnd to Air, Air to Air, Air & Sea
communication• Ship to Ship, Ship to shore, Ship to Air
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NCW Drawbacks – Contd.
Massive quantities of video and imagery canstrain the ability of a network to supply theright information, at the right place, at the righttime
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NCW Drawbacks – Contd.Enemy could deliberately induce disturbancesdesigned to push the NCW system into chaos.Overload sensor and shooter network grids withmultitude of small weapon systems like a swarm ofbirds
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Possible Mitigation• Intensive training at different levels• Built in redundancy against node failures• Fall back option in case of Network
degradation• Prevent information overload at different
operational levels esp. tactical level• Hardening against Cyber attacks, localizing
malware
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Future of NCW
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Acknowledgements
Publicly available information from following usedin parts of this presentation:• Bharat Electronics Ltd• General Dynamics Corp• Elbit• Cisco• Raytheon• Thales• Technical articles on NCW
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Thanks ToBangalore Science Forum
The National College, Basavanagudi, Bangalore
For the opportunity to make this presentation
For any additional information contact:D.A.Mohan, CEO, DAC Intl.,
Ph: +919845518619, +91-80-26720698,[email protected], www.dacintl.com
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