Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam1
MINERA (Main INjector ExpeRiment v-A)
A High-Statistics Neutrino Scattering ExperimentUsing an On-Axis, Fine-grained Detector
in the NuMI Beam
Argonne - Athens - California/Irvine - Colorado - Dortmund - Duke - Fermilab - Hampton - I I T - INR/Moscow -James Madison - Jefferson Lab
Minnesota - Pittsburgh - Rochester - Rutgers - South Carolina - Tufts18 Groups: Red = HEP, Blue = NP, Green = Theorists only
Jorge G. Morfín - Fermilab
CERN17 September 2003
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam2
52 Collaborators (so far…)
J.Arrington, D.H.Potterveld, P.E.ReimerArgonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
C.Andreopoulos, G.Mavromanolakis, P.Stamoulis, N.Saoulidou, G.Tzanakos, M.Zois
University of Athens, Athens, Greece
D.CasperUniversity of California, Irvine, California
E.R.KinneyUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
E. PaschosUniversity of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
D.DuttaDuke University, Durham, North Carolina
D.Harris, M. Kostin, J.G.Morfin, P.ShanahanFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois
M.E.ChristyHampton University, Hampton, Virginia
N.SolomeyIllinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
S. KulaginInstitute of Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia
I.NiculescuJames Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
A.Bruell, R. Carlini, R.Ent, D.Gaskell, J. Gomez, C.E.Keppel. W.Melnitchouk, S.Wood
Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
M.DuVernoisUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
S. Boyd, D. Naples, V. PaoloneUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
A.Bodek, H. Budd, P. de Babaro, G. Ginther, S, Manly, K. McFarland, W. Sakumoto, P. Slattery, M. Zielinsky
University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
R.Gilman, C.Glasshausser, R.RansomeRutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
T.Bergfeld, A.Godley, S.R.Mishra, C.RosenfeldUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
H.Gallagher, W.A.MannTufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam3
For more information…
For more details than time this morning allows -
Salle B14:00
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam4
MOTIVATION
Why, after nearly 40 years ofaccelerator experimentation,
as we are pushing the energy frontier,are we still interested in lower energy
scattering physics?
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam5
NuMI Beamline on the Fermilab Site
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam6
Det. 2
Det. 1
Far Detector: 5400 tons. O(2Kevts/year) Finished!NuMI: Neutrinos at Main Injector
120 GeV protons1.9 second cycle time
Single turn extraction (10s)Beam: POT Late 2004
Precision examination of atmospheric anomaly Energy distribution of oscillations
Measurement of oscillation parameters Participation of neutrino flavors
Direct measurement of vs oscillation Magnetized far detector: atm. ’s. Likely eventual measurement with beam
NuMI Facility / MINOS Experiment at Fermilab
Near Detector 980 tons
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam7
NuMI Beamline Geometry
Target-Horn Chase: 2 parabolic horns. 50 m Decay Region: 1m radius decay pipe. 675 m Hadron Absorber: Steel with Al core 5 m Muon range-out: dolomite (rock). 240 m Near Detector Hall 45 m
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam8
NuMI Neutrino Beam (zoom-lens) Configurations
Horn 1 position fixed - move target and horn 2 to change mean energy of beam. Three “nominal” configurations: low-, medium-, high energy. In addition, “semi-me” and “semi-he” beams. Horns left in le configuration and
only target moved.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam9
NuMI Neutrino Spectrum
CC Events/kt/year
Use LOW ENERGY Beam
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam10
How Important are Low-energy Neutrinos?
Seeing the “dip” in the oscillation probability is
a goal of MINOS
VERY Difficult at low m2.
• CC energy distributions have two important complications at low energy:• Difference between Evis and E due to nuclear effects (particularly re-scattering). • A required subtraction of NC events that fake low energy CC.
• In both cases MINOS, as well as all other oscillation experiments, will have to rely on MC.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam11
The dominant oscillation parameters will be known reasonably well from solar/reactor and from SuperK, K2K, MINOS, CNGS
The physics issues to be investigated are clearly delineated: Need measurement of missing oscillation probability (13 = e)
Need determination of mass hierarchy (sign of m13)
Search for CP violation in neutrino sector Measurement of CP violation parameters (Testing CPT with high precision)
Above can be accomplished with the e transition.
How do we measure this sub-dominant oscillation? 13 small (≤ 0.1) - maximize flux at the desired energy (near oscillation max)
Minimize backgrounds - narrow energy spectrum around desired energy One wants to be below threshold to measure subdominant oscillation
Next Generation: NuMI Off-axis Experiment
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam12
More flux than low energy on-axis (broader spectrum of pions contributing)
Neutrino event spectra at a detector
located at different transverse locations
No nasty high-energy tail, which contributes so much background!
The Off-axis Solution
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam13
MINOS: Neutrino Beam NuMI Off-axis Neutrino Beam
We need to understand low energy -Nucleus interactions
for oscillation experiments!
Motivation: Current/Future Oscillation Experiments use a Few GeV on a C, O2,Fe or ??? Nucleus
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam14
Motivation: Exclusive Cross-sections at Low Energies - Quasi-elastic: DISMAL
No one ever lost money by betting against neutrino experiments being correct. -- Don Perkins
World sample statistics is still fairly miserable! Cross-section important for understanding low-energy atmospheric neutrino
oscillation results. Needed for all low energy neutrino monte carlos. “K2K near detector data on water was fit with wrong vector form factors. New
(Budd, Bodek, Arrington ) BBA2003 form factors and updated MA have a significant effect on Neutrino oscillations Results.” Quote from Arie Bodek
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam15
n–p0
n–n+
p–p+
World’s sample of NC 1- ANL
p n + (7 events) n n 0 (7 events)
Gargamelle p p 0 (240 evts) n n 0 (31 evts)
K2K Starting a careful analysis of single 0
production.
Strange Particle Production Gargamelle-PS - 15 events. FNAL - ≈ 100 events ZGS - 7 events BNL - 8 events Larger NOMAD sample expected
CC
Motivation: Exclusive Cross-sections at Low Energies -1-Pion and Strange Particle: DISMAL
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam16
How about Tot?
Low energy (< 10 GeV) primarily from the 70’s and 80’s suffering from low statistics and large systematics (mainly from flux measurements).
Mainly bubble chamber results --> larger correction for missing neutrals.
How well do we model Tot?
D. Naples - NuInt02
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam17
F2 / nucleon changes as a function of A. Measured (with high statistics) in -A not in Good reason to consider nuclear effects DIFFERENT in -A. Presence of axial-
vector current. SPECULATION: Much stronger shadowing for -A but somewhat weaker “EMC” effect? Different nuclear effects for valance and sea --> different shadowing for xF 3 compared to F2? Different nuclear effects for d and u quarks?
NUCLEAR EFFECTS EXPLAIN SOME/ALL OF THE NuTeV SIN2W RESULT?
LET’S MEASURE NC/CC AND NUCLEAR EFFECTS WITH
Shadowing
Anti-shadowing
“EMC” effect
Fermi motion
Motivation: Knowledge of Nuclear Effects with Neutrinos: essentially NON-EXISTENT
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam18
Motivation: Nuclear Effects A Difference in Nuclear Effects of Valence and Sea Quarks?
Nuclear effects similar in Drell-Yan and DIS for x < 0.1. Then no “anti-shadowing” in D-Y while “anti-shadowing” seen in DIS (5-8% effect in NMC). Indication of difference in nuclear effects between valence & sea quarks?
This quantified via Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions: K.J. Eskola et al and S. Kumano et al
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam19
•S.A.Kulagin has calculated shadowing for F2 and xF3 in -A interactions. Stronger effect than for -A interactions
•Shadowing in the low Q2 (A/VMD dominance) region is much stronger than at higher Q2.
•Major difference between Kulagin and Kumano predictions
-Ca/-D
Motivation: Nuclear EffectsA Specific Look at Scattering Nuclear Effects: Shadowing
Kumano
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam20
Experimental Results in Scattering: Nuclear Effects?
Bubble Chamber:Ne/D2
FNAL E-545
CERN BEBC
Where is the“EMC” effect?
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam21
Motivation: Comparison of -A with JLab results on e-A; high xBj pdf
Particular interest in the high -xBj region where there seems to be a discrepancy between global fits and data.
Study of structure functions off various nuclear targets, again at high-xBj, allows comparison with nuclear structure models where sensitivity is the greatest.
Close examination of the non-PQCD and pQCD transition region, in context of quark-hadron duality, with axial-vector probe.
CTEQ working group in association with C. Keppel (Jlab) formed to investigate high -xBj region.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam22
Motivation: High xBj parton distributionsHow well do we know quarks at high-x?
Ratio of CTEQ5M (solid) and MRST2001 (dotted) to CTEQ6 for the u and d quarks at Q2 = 10 GeV2. The shaded green envelopes demonstrate the range of possible distributions from the CTEQ6 error analysis.
Wu-Ki Tung
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam23
Reasonably expect 2.5 x 1020 pot per year of NuMI running at start-up.
le-configuration: Events- (E>0.35 GeV) Epeak = 3.0 GeV, <E> = 10.2 GeV, rate = 200 K events/ton - year.
me-configuration: Events- Epeak = 7.0 GeV, <E> = 8.5 GeV, rate = 675 K events/ton - year s-me rate = 540 K events/ton - year.
he-configuration: Events- Epeak = 12.0 GeV, <E> = 13.5 GeV, rate = 1575 K events/ton - year s-he rate
= 1210 K events/ton - year.
We have the Motivation. Can we perform the experiment?Neutrino Event Energy Distributions and Statistics in the NuMI Near Hall
With E-907 at Fermilab to measure particlespectra from the NuMI target, expect to know
neutrino flux to ≈ ± 3%.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam24
MINOS oscillation experiment uses mainly le beam with shorter s-me and s-he runs for control and minimization of systematics.
An example of a running cycle would be: 12 months le beam 3 months s-me beam 1 month s-he beam
Consider 2 such cycles (3 year run) with 2.5x1020 protons/year: 860 K events/ton. <E> = 10.5 GeV
DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2): 0.36 M events / ton Quasi elastic: 0.14 M events / ton. Resonance + “Transition”: 0.36 M events /
ton - 1 production: 0.15 M events / ton.
MINOS Parasitic Running: Statistics & Topologies
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam25
Events / ton
elastic+
resonance
MINOS Parasitic Running: x, Q2 and W2
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam26
Run he beam configuration! <E> = 13.5
GeV For example, 1 year neutrino plus
2 years anti-neutrino would yield:1.6 M - events/ton
0.9 M - events/ton
DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2): 0.85 M events / ton
0.35 M events / ton
Shadowing region (x < 0.1):0.3 M events/ton
Prime User: he Event Energy Distribution
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam27
Detector: Physics Requirements
Good separation of NC and CC events Good identification and energy measurement of - and e±
Identification and separation of exclusive final states Quasi-elastic n–p, ene–p - observe recoil protons Single 0, ± final states - reconstruct 0
Multi-particle final-state resonances
Reasonable electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry for DIS Accurate measurements of xBj, Q2 and W.
Multiple targets of different nuclei
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam28
Basic Conceptual Design: Triangular ≈ (2-3 cm base x 1-2 cm height) scintillator (CH) strips with fiber readout. Fully
Active (int = 80 cm, X0 = 44 cm) / alternate with C planes > and nuclear tgt.
Example fid. vol: (r = .8m L = 1.5 m): 3 tons pure plastic or 5 tons with graphiteR = 1.5 m - p: =.45 GeV/c, = .51, K = .86, P = 1.2R = .75 m - p: =.29 GeV/c, = .32, K = .62, P = .93
Surround fully active detector with em-calorimeter, hadron-calorimeter and magnetized -id / spectrometer
Nuclear targets: 1 cm thick planes of C, Fe and Pb.- Total mass 2 tons 44 planes C: graphite planes +Scintillator 12 planes Fe: backscatter hadron cal 8 planes Pb:
Use MINOS near detector as forward identifier / spectrometer.
Attempt to constrain detector size so can be moved to an off-axis position.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam29
Basic Conceptual Design: (A. Bodek, D. Casper and G. Tzanakos)
Overall dimensions and relative volumes currently being determined
X
UV
V U X
15 mm
2mm
EM Calorimeter:
2 mm = 1.5 mm Pb and two 0.25 mm stainless on each side
MagentizedHadron Cal + Id/spec.
Coils - bottom sides only
Active Scintillator /Graphite detector
Downstream end:EM Calorimeterplus HadCal
FiducialVolume
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam30
Downstream End - just upstream of MINOSnear
2.0 m x 2.0 m x 2.0 m long
Scintillator Only
Scint. + Planes of C, Fe,W
Upstream Half
Downstream Half
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam31
Scintillation detector work at FermilabScintillation Detector Development Laboratory
Extruded scintillatorFiber characterization and test
Thin-Film facilityFiber processing: Mirroring and coatingsPhotocathode workDiamond polishing
Machine DevelopmentDiamond polishingOptical connector developmentHigh-density Photodetector packaging
Polymer Dopant
Scintillator Cost < $ 5 / kg
Continuing development of D0 VLPC readout with $750K grant.Produced D0-type arrays for detailed device analysis at low cost compared to D0Goal: Demonstrate X10 cost reduction
for VLPC.
Why plastic scintillator with fiber?Scintillator/Fiber & VLPC R&D at Fermilab
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam32
Example of Event Profiles in Scintillator Detector S. Boyd and D. Casper
CC: E = 4.04 GeV, x = .43, y = .37
“Elastic”: E = 3.3 GeV, x = .90, y = .08
CC: E = 11.51 GeV, x = ..34, y = .94
NC: E = 29.3 GeV, x = ..25, y = .46
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam33
Read-out/Photo-Sensors to ConsiderH. Budd - coordinator
MAPMTs - very safe - currently most favored solution Well-understood technology, know draw-
backs, stable development Relatively low QE Not too pricey for M-64
(MINOS price order $20/channel) Electronics cost: less than MINOS (no QIE chip)
CCD + I I - relatively inexpensive Commercial off-the-shelf with integrated readout -
inexpensive/channel Relatively low QE Slow device - no intra-spill timing
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam34
Read-out/Photo-Sensors to Consider - continued
VLPC - “Cool” Devices Not yet commercial but intense R&D development For D0 cost order $50/channel -
Bross speculates $10/channel “soon” High QE Requires cryogenic cooling to reduce noise -
system integration task
HPD and APD - Becoming commercial High QE but low gain Need high-gain electronics and some significant cooling (not like VLPC) Less pricey than MAPMT but electronics could cost a bundle Still need several years R&D
•+ •-
IntrinsicRegion
GainRegion
DriftRegionSpacer
Region
Photon
•e•h
Substrate
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam35
NuMI Near Hall: Dimensions & Geometry
≈ 100 m undergroundLength: 45m - Height: 9.6m - Width: 9.5m
Length Available for New Detector: 26 m
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam36
Center of the NuMINeutrino Beam
2 m x 2m detectorcross-section
MINOS Near Detector in the NuMI Near Hall1cm thick CH (4 cm transverse granularity) between 2.5 cm thick Fe plates
Even “Partially Instrumented” MINOS planes provide fairly complete coverage for the new detector
Plastic & Steel
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam37
Many Detector Questions Still Unanswered(aside from fundamental question of readout/electronics choice)
We have a detector with sufficient granularity to resolve 1, 2, 3… particle final states. How do we determine the mass and momentum of these particles?
How much can we do without a central magnetic field? - We can measure stopping proton energy by range. What about the ±/K±/P ambiguity? Can we see the pion decay? How much does de/dx in the last few cms of track help resolve /P ambiguity?. If we need a B-field would the first 20 planes of MINOS do?
Will a TOF system help the particle ID? - can we resolve the +/-- ambiguity via observation of the +/e+ chain? Can we use the MINOS detector to resolve +/-- ambiguity? Can we measure the charge and momentum in MINOS? How well do we measure the 1 0- state?
How does the plastic perform as an hadronic calorimeter? What is the error on the hadronic energy?
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam38
Other Detectors with Similar Concept
2 cm1cm
3m
3m
EOI for an Off-axis Near Detector.2 cm x 2cm granularity
EOI for a nearerMiniBooNe Detector.
Similar detector and granularity
New K2K NearDetector
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam39
H_2/D_2
MINOS Near
Fid. vol: r = 80 cm. l = 150 cm.
350 K CC evts in LH2 800 K CC evts in LD2 per year he- running.
Technically easy/inexpensive to build
and operate.
Meeting safety specifications the major
effort.
Planes of C, Fe, PbFor part of run
After initial (MINOS) run -add a Liquid H2/D2(/O/Ar) Target
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam40
Event rates (2.5 x 1020 protons per year)
MINOS Off-axis Prime User Prime User Parasitic Parasitic
(3 years) (1 year, me- ) (1 year, he-) (2 year, he -)
CH 2.60 M 2.10 M 4.80 M 2.70 M
C 0.85 M 0.70 M 1.60 M 0.90 M
Fe 0.85 M 0.70 M 1.60 M 0.90 M
Pb 0.85 M 0.70 M 1.60 M 0.90 M
LH2 0.15 M 0.35 M 0.20 M
LD2 0.35 M 0.80 M 0.45 M
Detector (3 ton fid. vol. ): Event Rates; CC - E > 0.35 GeV
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam41
Measure during initial MINOS exposure Quasi-elastic neutrino scattering and associated form-factors. ( Contribution of the strange quark to proton spin through elastic scattering. ) Resonance production region. Nuclear effects involving neutrinos, including NC/CC ratio.
Need antineutrinos for (maximal) physics output sin2W via the ratio of NC / CC (as well as d/dy from -e scattering) to check the surprising NuTeV
result. Very high-x parton distribution functions. Nuclear effects for valence and sea quarks. Parton distribution functions (pdf) via all 6 structure functions. Leading exponential contributions of pQCD. Charm physics including the mass of the charm quark mc (improved accuracy by an order
of magnitude, Vcd, s(x) and, independently, s(x.).
Strange particle production for Vus, flavor-changing neutral currents and measurements of hyperon polarization.
-Scattering Physics Topics with NuMI Beam Energies and Statistics
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam42
Measure absolute el and ie 1 to ± 3% (Beam) ± Expt. Systematic: Minimal statistical errors (> 400K events each elastic and 1).
In the 2-year run, this experiment would accumulate:
430 K events in CH, 145 K in C/Fe/Pb and 90 K in D2.
Could also search for or measure
Physics Result: Exclusive States; - Elastic and Resonance Cross-sections and Strange Particle Production
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam43
Physics with the Elastic Scattering Sample> 400,000 events produced
R. Holt - ANL
Q2<0.3 Region, Interest
1. Determine Ma=radius of axial proton
2. Compare to Ma from pion electroproduction
3. Determine quaielastic cross section where most of the events are - for neutrino oscillation in the 1 GeV region , e.g. K2K,JHF MiniBoone.
4. Sensitive to both Pauli Exclusion and final state ID if a nuclear target is used, e.g. Carbon, Water. Lose Quasielastic events, or misID resonance events. -> - Need to use Jlab Hall B data on D2, C and Fe - Manly Analysis proposal
5. Low recoil proton momentum P=Sqrt(Q2)
Q2 > 1 GeV2 Region, Interest
1. Determine deviations from Dipole form factors is it like Gep or Gmp .
2. Not sensitive to Paul Exclusion, but sensitive to final state ID. -> - Need to use Jlab Hall B data on D2, C and Fe - Manly analysis proposal
3. Higher recoil proton momentum P=Sqrt(Q2)
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam44
Physics with the Resonance (+ Transition Region) Scattering Sample: > 1,000,000 events (400 K 1)produced
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam45
Coherent Pion Production
0
N N
P
Z
Order 200K NC coherent pion eventsduring MINOS parasitic run
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam46
Ratio Fe/C: Statistical ErrorsFrom MINOS Parasitic Run
xBj MINOS MINOS all DIS
0.0 - .01 1.8 % xxx
.01 - .02 1.4 10 %
.02 - .03 1.3 6
.03 - .04 1.2 4
.04 - .05 1.1 3
.05 - .06 1.1 2.6
.06 - .07 1.0 2.3
.1.01.0010.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Pb/C
Fe/C
Kulagin Predictions: Fe/C and Pb/C - ALL EVENTS - 2-cycle
x
R (A/C)
( running only)
Physics Results: Nuclear Effects
Q2 = 0.7 GeV2
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam47
The particular case of what is happening at high- xBj is currently a bit of controversial with indications that current global results not correct:
Drell-Yan production results ( E-866) may indicate that high-xBj (valence) quarks OVERESTIMATED.
A Jlab analysis of Jlab and SLAC high x DIS indicate high-xBj quarks UNDERESTIMATED
≈ Statistical Errors for 1 year of he-x 1.5 for MINOS parasitic run in CH)
xBj CH LH2 LD2
.6 - .65 0.6% 2.2% 1.5%
.65 - .7 0.7 2.6 1.7
.7 - .75 1.0 3.7 2.5
.75 - .8 1.3 5 3
.8 - .85 2 7 5
.85 - .9 3 11 7
.9 - 1.0 4 14 10
Measured / CTEQ6
CTEQ6
SLAC points
Might be d/u ratio
Physics Results: High-xBj Parton Distribution Functions
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam48
Physics Results: Parton Distribution Functions:What Can We Learn With All Six Structure Functions?
Does s = s and c = c over all x? If so.....
F 2Ν (x,Q ) =x u+ u + d+ d+ s + c[ ]
F Ν (x,Q ) =x u+ u + d+ d+s+ c[ ]
xF Ν (x,Q ) =x u+ d - u - d - s+ c[ ]
xF Ν (x,Q ) =x u+ d - u - d +s - c[ ]
F2 - xF
= u + d+ c( )=U + 4 c
F - xF
= u + d+ s( )=U + 4 s
xF - xF
= s+ s( ) − c+ c( )[ ] =4 s - 4 c
Using Leading order expressions:
Recall Neutrinoshave the ability to directly resolve flavor of the nucleon’s constituents: interacts with d, s, u, and c while interacts with u, c, d and s.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam49
Physics Results: Six Structure Functions for Maximal Information on PDF’s
d A
dxdQ = GF
x
F A (x,Q ) + xF
A (x,Q )( ) + −y( )
F A (x,Q ) −xF
A (x,Q )( )⎡
⎣⎢⎤
⎦⎥
d
dxdQ = GF
x
F (x,Q ) −xF
(x,Q )( ) +−y( )
F (x,Q ) + xF
(x,Q )( )⎡
⎣⎢⎤
⎦⎥
,x Q , (− )y ( )G x
X = 0.1 - 0.125Q2 = 2 - 4 GeV2
Kinematic cuts in (1-y)not shown
+ y2 FL
(1-y)2
R = Rwhitlow
Neutrino1 year he-beam
Anti-Neutrino2 years he-beam
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam50
Summary - Physics of the Proposal
Quasi-elastic Reaction - (A.Bodek), H. Budd and A. Mann Precision measurement of E) and d/dQ, constrain -beam systematics Precision determination of FA
Study of nuclear effects and their A-dependence e.g. proton intra-nuclear rescattering
Resonance Production (, N*..) Exclusive channels - A. Bodek and S. Wood Precision measurement of and d/dQfor individual channels Detailed comparison with dynamic models, comparison of electro- & photo production the
resonance-DIS transition region -- duality Study of nuclear effects and their A-dependence e.g. 1 2 3 final states
Nuclear Effects - A. Bruell, J. G. Morfín and D. Naples Measure and p multiplicities as a function of E and A : convolution of quark flavor-
dependent nuclear effects and final-state intra-nuclear interactions Measure NC/CC as a function of EH off different nuclei Measure shadowing, anti-shadowing and EMC-effect as well as flavor-dependent nuclear
effects and extract nuclear parton distributions
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam51
Physics of the Proposal - continued
Total Cross-section and Structure Functions - C. Keppel and J. G. Morfín Precision measurement of low-energy total cross-section Understand resonance-DIS transition region - duality studies with neutrinos Detailed study of high-xBj region: extract pdf’s and leading exponentials
Coherent Pion Production - H. Gallagher and
Precision measurement of for NC and CC channels Measurement of A-dependence Comparison with theoretical models models
MINERA and Oscillation Physics - H. Gallagher and D. Harris MINERA measurements enable greater precision in measure of m, sin223 in MINOS MINERA measurements fundamental for 13 in MINOS and off-axis experiments MINERA measurements as foundation for measurement of possible CP and CPT
violations in the sector
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam52
Physics of the Proposal - continued
Strange and Charm Particle Production - (A. Mann), V. Paolone and N. Solomey, Exclusive channel E) precision measurements - importance for nucleon decay
background studies. Hyperon Production yielding new measurements of CKM using Exclusive charm production channels at charm threshold to constrain mc
Generalized Parton Distributions - R. Gilman, W. Melnitchouk and R. Ransome Provide unique combinations of GPDs, not accessible in electron scattering (e.g.
C-odd, or valence-only GPDs), to map out a precise 3-dimensional image of the nucleon
Provide better constraints on nucleon (nuclear) GPDs, leading to a more definitive determination of the orbital angular momentum carried by quarks and gluons in the nucleon (nucleus)
provide constraints on axial form factors, including transition nucleon --> N* form factors
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam53
Rough Costs
Scintillator (3m x 3m, 20 K channels) $100 - $200 K Fibers (20 K channels) $100 K Steel for ID/spectrometer (40 cm thick) $50 K MAPMT - M64
Per channel tube ($15) $300K Electronics $75/channel $1,500 K
SUM $1,800 K
SUM ≈ $2.1 M + construction and installation costs
≈ $ 5.0 M
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam54
Response of the Fermilab PAC to EOI
We are “encouraged” to continue developing the physics, detector and collaboration in order to submit a formal Proposal.
An indication (quantitative) of how these results would aid neutrino oscillation experiments would be welcome.
A combined R&D program (representing the multiple EOIs) for detector + readout technology is encouraged.
ON SCHEDULE TO HAVE A COMPLETE PROPOSAL READY TO SUBMIT TO THE PAC BY THIS NOVEMBER.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam55
NuMI Beam is Intense and the ideal (perhaps only) place to do these measurements: yielding ≈ 860 K events/ton during MINOS approved run* yielding ≈ 1.6 M events/ton-year in the he-mode and 0.7 M events/ton-year in the me-mode.
NuMI Near Hall: Plenty of space for new detector(s) in a fully outfitted experimental hall
NuMI Scattering Physics:
As just outlined. NuMI Scattering Detector studies underway, phased installation:
“solid scintillator” + planes of various A: 3 - 4 ton fiducial volume Plenty of Questions still to be answered liquid H2 / D2 (/O/Ar): large target technically no challenge
Preliminary costing suggests an experiment costing O($5M) ! Real and growing interest from both the NP and HEP communities. A very encouraging response from the Fermilab PAC to produce a formal Proposal!
Proposal preparation underway with goal of submitting to PAC November 2003
Conclusions: NuMI Scattering Experiment
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam56
INVITATION!
JOIN THEFERMILAB
NEUTRINO PROGRAM!!