SUZANNE DUNCANTE RARAWA, TE AUPOURI
LECTURER OTAGO UNIVERSITY
Ngā tikanga o te marae
Objectives
Understand the marae structure and related symbolism
Prepare you for what you can expect when arriving on the marae
Understanding the role of tapu, noa and mana on the marae.
Marae complex
Whare tipunaWhare kaiWhare mate
Whare pakuMarae ateaUrupā
Marae
Every Māori person can whakapapa back to one or more marae
Marae are built on kinship land, usually that of the hapū (subtribe)
Provides tūrangawaewae Bastion of Māori culture
Place were Māori traditional practices are maintained Māori language is paramount A physical connection of whakapapa
Marae
While not as tapu as an urupā, the marae complex maintains a higher degree of tapu than the surrounding land
The longer a marae is in place, the stronger the tapu
However, the marae complex is split into tapu and noa areas
Whare tipuna/Whare nui
koruru
tekoteko
raparapa
maihi
amo
Whare tipuna/Whare nui
pou tuarongo
tāhuhu
pou tokomanawa
heke
poupou
pou tāhū
Levels of whakapapa
• The physical manifestation of an ancestor• The poupou• The photos hanging on the walls
Tapu/Noa
Left side = Tapu Death Visitors Men
Right side = Noa Life Locals Women
Powhiri process
Involves two groups Tangata whenua (people of the land) and manuhiri
(visitors)
Waewae tapuDetermines the intentions of the group, also
welcomes the groupThe process is tapu – two groups of tapu
coming togetherThere are different kawa (protocol)
The process
WaereaWhakaekeWeroKarangaTangiWhaikoreroHongi/HariruHākari
Waerea
Performed by the manuhiri as the wait for the powhiri to begin
Traditionally used to ward off any bad spirits
To protect the groupNot often used in
contemporarily
Whakaeke
Slow movement of the manuhiri on to the marae atea
A haka powhiri can be performed at this time.
Wero
• Performed by a young warrior from the tangata whenua
• Determines the intentions of the visiting party
• A taki (dart) is laid on the group
• If picked up – shows the group comes in peace
• Now reserved for very important guests
Karanga & Tangi
Performed by women from both sides
Gathers information about the groups, acknowledges the dead and welcomes the group
Whaikorero
• Performed by men from both sides
• Most iwi women are not permitted to speak
• Kawa– Tauutuutu– Paeke
• A song of support is sung following each whaikorero
Hongi & Hariru
Hākari
The final and most important part of the process
Lifts the tapu of the process
Food as an agent of noa
Kāi Tahu kawa
Paeke - whaikorero kawaKaikaranga – the first to hongi and hariruKaritane
Remove your shoes
Otākou and Moeraki Don’t remove your shoes Unless the beds are laid out
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