BerglundTim
NoSQLSMACKDOWN
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@tlberglund
#nosql2
Voldemort
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negativavia
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SQL5
tuple (n.)
relation (n.)An unordered set of tuples of the same type.
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tuple (n.)A function that maps attributes to values.
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tuple (n.)(A bundle of key-value pairs—but don’t tell anyone!)
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id username pwd_hash born_at monkey
1 mluther d8c82af9 Nov 1483 FALSE
2 aaugustine 329b8dae Nov 354 FALSE
3 gnyssa e50ec9e0 Jun 335 FALSE
4 bonzo 330e01f2 Apr 2007 TRUE
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Relations
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Comparing “NoSQL” to “relational” is a bit of a shell game.
—Eben Hewittauthor of Cassandra: The Definitive Guide
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Transactions
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C
PA
CAP Theorem
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Tradeoff Between
ConsistencyAvailability
Partition Tolerance
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Between what?
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consistency (n.)All clients always have the same view of the data.
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availability (n.)All clients can always read or write within some maximum latency.
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partition tolerance (n.)
No set of failures less than total network failure is allowed to cause the system to respond incorrectly.
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Cluster Node
Cluster Node
Cluster Node
Cluster Node
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Cluster Node
Cluster Node
Cluster Node
Cluster Node
Switch
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Cluster Node
Cluster Node
Cluster Node
Cluster Node
Switch
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C
PA
CAP Theorem
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Strongly Consistent
C
PA
MongoDBCassandra
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Always Available
C
PA
CouchDBRiak
VoldemortCassandra
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Partition Intolerant
C
PA
MySQLOracle
SQL ServerNeo4JRedis
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C
PA
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negativavia
a way forward
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NoSQL is a set of different approaches to storing and
retrieving data.
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What’s Different?
Data models
Querying
Approaches to scale
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Tradeoffs
Complex transactions vs. scalability
Consistency vs. availability (often)
Performance vs. durability
Horizontal vs. vertical scale
Cheap writes vs. cheap reads
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OriginLicenseImplementation language
Data model
How does it scale?
API/Query language
Deployments
Support and community
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Voldemort
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Origin-Facebook Inbox search
back in 2007
License-Apache Public License 2.0
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Implementation Language-
Java 6
Data Model-
It’s a Big-Table-based
“column store.”
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Column
TimestampValueName
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Row
Column
Key
Column
Column
Column
Column
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Column Family
ColumnColumnKey Column
ColumnColumnKey
ColumnKey
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“Contacts” Column Family
emailfull_name050fe74e2 mobile
emailfull_namebbf77f01d
full_name8b20d8f6
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SuperColumn
Name
Columnkey
Columnkey
Columnkey
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Contact Info SuperColumn
4145bfaf15f10c2e6033f8b9c3143297a36f5fe3
20101011T120502ZTim Berglundfull_name
19940217T145637Z[redacted]mobile
20101011T120452Z80123postal_code
full_name
mobile
postal_code
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SuperColumn Family
Key
SuperColumnKey
Key
SuperColumn
SuperColumn
SuperColumn
SuperColumn
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Keyspace
SuperColumn Family
SuperColumn Family
SuperColumn Family
Column Family
Column Family
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A what?
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Nested Hash Table
Cluster.Keyspace.ColumnFamily[key1][key2] = <column>
...SuperColumnFamily[key1][key2] = <row>
Cluster.Keyspace.ColumnFamily[key] = <row>
...SuperColumnFamily[key1][key2][key3] = <column>
...SuperColumnFamily[key] = <map of rows>
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Scalability-
Rock star!(see Amazon Dynamo)
2000
4000
6000
8000
A000
C000
E000
0000
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2000
4000
6000
8000
A000
C000
E000
0000
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Scalability
- Consistent hashing
- No distinguished nodes
- Add and remove nodes
on a live cluster
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API- Thrift RPC
- Easy to fetch columns
by key
- Hadoop integration- Native clients
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Deployments-
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Support/Community-
- Plus, it is an Apache
project...
- www.datastax.com
- Eben Hewitt’s book
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Voldemort
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Origin-
Founders of DoubleClick were totally going to
take over the Cloud
License-Database: GNU Affero 3.0
Drivers: APL 2
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Implementation Language-
C++
Data Model-
JSON document database
(this is so simple!)
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{ "_id" : ObjectId("4cbd00455280f73d395922a4"), "contact" : { "tags" : ["man", "", "", ""] "firstName" : "Myron", "lastName" : "Dalton", "address1" : "4322 Maple Street", "city" : "Santa Ana", "state" : "CA", "postalCode" : "92705", "email" : "[email protected]" }, "occupation" : "Long haul truck driver" }
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Does it scale?
Well...it shards!
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API- Native JavaScript
console
- Binary drivers
- Ad-hoc query language
(but it’s NOT SQL, okay?)
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db.address.find().limit(5)
db.contact.find({ “lastName”: “Berglund” })
db.address.find({ $query: { “stateProvince”: “CO” }, $orderBy: { “city”: 1 } })
db.address.find({ “contact.city”: “Chicago” })
db.address.remove({_id: ObjectId("4cbcfd7df72291161b1d1bf2")})
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API- Can write MapReduce
jobs in JavaScript
- Morphia for Java
- Mongoose for node.js
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Deployments-
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Community/Support
- www.10gen.com
- Probably the NoSQL
mindshare leader
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Concerns
- Write durability?
- Sharding performance
- But everyone still wants
to date her
Journaling comingin 1.8!
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Voldemort
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Origin
-Neo Technologies in 2003
-Malmö and San Francisco
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License
- GPL3, full-featured
- Commercial
$49/mo antiviral
$499/mo advanced
$1,999/mo enterprise
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Maturity
- Production since 2003
- 1.0 in Feb 2010
- Java 6Implementation Language
- Easily embeddable!
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Data Metaphor
- Graph
- Nodes, relationships
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4CG
-;NNB?Q
"LC;H
(IFFSQII>4SJ?M
+HIQM
7LCN?M QCNB7ILEM QCNB
3J?;EM
QCNB%HA;A?M CH
>CMJON;NCIH QCNB
All nodes and relationships have arbitrary properties
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Query Model
- REST/JSON
- Java traversal API
- JTA/JTS XA
- Bindings in Clojure, Ruby,
Python, PHP, Scala, Grails
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Scale Idiom- Traditionally focused on
single-node performance
- Recent HA support
- Master/slave
- ZK master election
- Writeable slaves74
Support
- Neo Technologies
Deployments
- Box.net
- Box.net
- ThoughtWorks
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Voldemort
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Origin-
Internal datastore forBasho’s Salesforce.comapps
(Hey, it seemed like a good idea at the time!)
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License-
APL 2 for OSS version
Closed-source “Enterprise DS” version
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Implementation Language-
Erlang, C, SpiderMonkey
JavaScript VM
Data Model-
Key/value store, but
with buckets!
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ValueKey
That’s it.
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Bucket A
ValueKey
ValueKey
ValueKey
ValueKey
Bucket B
ValueKey
ValueKey
ValueKey
ValueKey
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Bucket A
Timname
Developeroccupation
061972birthday
Littletoncity
Bucket B
Aureliusname
Bishopoccupation
110354birthday
Hippocity
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Does it scale?
- Like a boss!
- No distinguished node
- Tunable consistency, replication
- Add nodes without taking the cluster down
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API- HTTP interface (slow,
but featureful)
- Protocol Buffers (a
performance beast)
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API
- Key CRUD
- MapReduce in
JavaScript
- Graph traversals
translate to MapReduce
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Deployments-
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Community/Support
- www.basho.com
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Voldemort
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Origin-
Salvatore Sanfilippo wrote it for his analytics
site, llogg.com
Open Source-Brand open source
License-
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Implementation Language
- ANSI C, baby
- Wants a POSIX OS
- 340kB download!
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Data Model
-Key/value store++
-Strings
-Hashes, Sets
-Lists
-Sorted Sets
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Does it scale?
- Vertically, sure
- Plus it’s really fast
- Master/slave options
- Technically a CA system
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API- Binary socket interface
- Commands look like assembly language
- Drivers for 22+ languages
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Deployments-
craigslist100
Community/Support
- Officially sponsored by VMware
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Voldemort
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Do you need this?
Maybe.103
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Further ReadingBrewer’s Conjecturehttp://www.podc.org/podc2000/
Proof of Brewer’s Conjecture (the “CAP Theorem”)http://bit.ly/cap-theorem-proof
Amazon Dynamohttp://bit.ly/amazon-dynamohttp://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2007/10/amazons_dynamo.html
Google BigTablehttp://bit.ly/big-table
The CAP Theorem Explainedhttp://www.julianbrowne.com/article/viewer/brewers-cap-theorem
Visualzing NoSQL Databases on the CAP Venn Diagramhttp://blog.nahurst.com/visual-guide-to-nosql-systems
Redishttp://redis.io/
Cassandrahttp://cassandra.apache.org
MongoDBhttp://mongodb.org
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Further ReadingCouchDBhttp://couchdb.apache.org
Riakhttp://basho.com
Voldemorthttp://project-voldemort.com
Neo4Jhttp://neo4j.org
Pretty Much Everything About NoSQLhttp://nosql.mypopescu.com
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Photo CreditsWrestlershttp://www.flickr.com/photos/stigster/4573851095
Desert Roadhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/kenlund/2439199670
Kindergarten Graduationhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/moyermk/3102262394
Clipboardhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/wheatfields/264890076
Winning Wrestlerhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/jrandallc/2259174414
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