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Application of Software Engineering
Concepts in the Industry
Presented by,
Nirmalya ChaudhuriLead- Education and Research,Infosys Technologies Limited
15-Jan-2011 ,
Silicon Institute of Technology
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Objectives of this Session
• To get an overview of Typical IT Services
• To understand the Importance of Software Engineering
• To appreciate the IT services model and how it works.
• Understand Models and Frameworks
• Get an overview of Global Delivery Model (GDM)
• New Technology Implications
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Typical IT Services and Software Engineering..
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IT in Every day life
•Reprography
•ATM & Banking
•Web communication – messengers, mailers,Community networking (Orkut, Facebook)
•Medicine and Healthcare
•Software's in your mobile phone
•Railway reservation system, Bill Payment
•Transport
•Finger tip access to information (Google, Ask)
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Basic Definitions
Business - A Business (also called a firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized
organization designed to provide goods and/or services to consumers, governments orother businesses.
•Commercial activity•Importance of ethics•Economics•Innovation
Information Technology - Information Technology is the study, design,
development, implementation, support or management of computer based informationsystems, particularly software applications and computer hardware.
•Information Storage•Information processing•Information transmission•Information retrieval•IT revolution
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A Typical Business scenario ..
Basic Inputs
T O
T A L C O S T
Raw material
Other Inputs
Inputs of Land/fixed assets
Labor
EXPENSES
MarketingInputs
Salesefforts
PROFIT
SALES
TO
CUST
OMER
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The Software Product / Service
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IT in the Business Realm
• Aerospace and Defense Practices.
• Automotive
• Banking and Capital Markets
• Communications, Media and Entertainment (CME).
• Energy Utilities and Services (EUS)
• Enterprise Solutions
• High Technology and Discrete Manufacturing.
• BPO
• Infrastructure Management Services (IMS)
• Insurance Healthcare Life Sciences (IHL)
• Independent Validation Solutions (IVS)
• Knowledge Services (KS)
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IT in the Business Realm
• Learning Services
• Product Engineering (PE)
• Product Lifecycle and Engineering Solutions (PLES)
• Retail
• System Integration (SI)
• ……………
• ………….
• …………….
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Typical IT services
• System study & Problem discovery (Consultancy)
– Necessary to scope and identify the business problem
– Map it to IT project solution
• Reengineering an entire system
– Change of technology and/or data management
– Change of work flows, user interfaces
• System Integration
– Enable diverse systems / applications, external interfaces and thirdparty products to communicate and process data in an integratedmanner
• Application development
– Develop new or enhance old applications to suit evolving businessneeds
– Choice of product – Build vs Buy
• Maintenance services
– Understand current system and applications
– Provide production support and enhancements on ongoing basis
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Software Engineering
Software Engineering is the application of a systematic,disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development,operation and maintenance of software; i.e., the application of engineering to software.
- (IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology)
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Software Engineering Approach
Software Engineering approach uses:
• Methods• Project Planning and Estimation• Requirement Analysis• Design• Algorithm Development
• Coding• Testing• Deployment
• Tools• MS Project
• CASE Tools• Coding Tools• Testing Tools
• Procedures• Software Development Life Cycle
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• Leveraging global expertise -worldwide collaboration
• Accountability across timezones
• Low cost, increasingcompetition, tighter margins
• Alignment between business,operations and IT
• Visibility
• Remote delivery
• Optimum resource allocation
Challenges with IT organizations with globallydistributed development teams :
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Best Practices :
• Organizational Process Templates for various practices e.g. Project
Planning, Proposal Management, Help Desk Support etc
• Integrated set of templates for IT Projects
– Application Development
– Package Implementation
– Application Maintenance
• A Collaborative Framework
– Workflow-driven Requirement, Change and Defect Management
– Central repository for Processes
– Integration capabilities with other tools
• Dashboards that gives a birds eye view of what happens to theexecutive management
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Best Practices :• Key metrics and indicators to assess the performance and response
of globally distributed teams
• Helping replicate homegrown best practices across the globaldevelopment centers, and enforce them through the workflow drivenprocesses. Capture knowledge in a library from past projects and repeat
success stories over and over again.
• Monitoring SLAs for violations and discrepancies
• Helping achieve lowest TCO due to optimum resource allocation.
• Involving client in every process, through workflows, and give them asense of control
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Best Practices
• Documenting plans that assure results; reviews, metricsand feedback establishes a 'check-and-balance'mechanism
• Collaborating with outsourcing partners to delivermore value through innovation
• Ensuring an optimum mix of internal and outsourcingpartner resources in the transformation programs
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Models and Frameworks
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CMM
Project Risk
Productivity and Quality
1 Initial
2 Repeatable
3 Defined
4 Managed
5 Optimizing
Heroes
ProjectManagement
EngineeringProcess
Product andProcess Quality
Change ManagementDefect Prevention
Disciplined
Standard,Consistent
Predictable
ContinuouslyImproving
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IT Services Model in brief
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Outsourcing
• What is Outsourcing?
• Why does a client outsource IT projects?
– Elimination of non-core activities
– Access to greater Skill Pool/Intellectual Capital
– Economies of scale w.r.t. infrastructure, expertise etc.
– Risk Sharing/Reduction
– Cost benefit
• What is off-shoring?
– Why India?
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Copyright © 2007, Infosys Technologies Ltd
GDM – Global Delivery ModelOrigin of GDM
What is GDM ?Executing GDM
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Components of a typical business
Marketing
Sales
CustomerRelationshipManagement
SupplierProcesses
Finance and otherSupport
HRManagement
InformationManagement
Public
Responsibility
CompanyPlanning
Training
Product Dev.Processes
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How do we organize business?
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Role of IT in Business
Automation of (business) processes – Employee pay roll processing
Improve Speed and efficiency of transactions – Airline reservation
Enable new business processes – On-line customer service
Make informed decisions based on data – Decision to introduce a new product
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Payroll Processing Example
• Employee attendance & time reporting
• Salary information
• Tax & witholding calculations
• Money transfer to employee account
• Money transfer to Government agencies – Tax dept,Social Security etc.,
• Information to employee
• Annual report for filing taxes
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Automating Payroll Processing
• Employee attendance & time reporting
• Salary information
• Tax & witholding calculations
• Money transfer to employee account
• Money transfer to Government agencies – Tax dept,Social Security etc.,
• Information to employee
• Annual report for filing taxes
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Automation Options
• Buy applications that have the functionality
• Build required functionality
– Build with internal team – Build with joint team – internal+sub-contractors
• Ask somebody else to build the functionality
– Outsource application building• Ask somebody else to run the complete process
– Outsource business process
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Activities in building the application
Detailed designBuildCodingTesting & defect fixingDocumentation
Bug fixesWarranty supportMaintenance
Rapid reaction support
Discovery Phase
Design & Build Phase
Post implementation support Phase
Scoping &Requirement analysis
Design (high level)User interface design
Deploy PhaseOn-site testing & integrationUser WorkshopsIntegrationApplication release
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Outsourcing Application Development –Role of location for the activity
Detailed designBuildCodingTesting & defect fixingDocumentation
Bug fixesWarranty supportMaintenance
Rapid reaction support
Discovery Phase
Design & Build Phase
Post implementation support Phase
Scoping &Requirement analysis
Design (high level)User interface design
Deploy PhaseOn-site testing & integrationUser WorkshopsIntegrationApplication releaseClient
Location Any
Location
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GDM – Global Delivery Model
The intelligent break down of tasks to facilitate execution froma location where it makes the most business sense and putting
in place people, technology and process to facilitate theachievement of this is called GDM
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Global Delivery Model
Client Location / PDC Offshore Development Centers in India
Design (high level)User interface designDetailed designBuildCodingTesting & defect fixing
Documentation
Bug fixes
Warranty supportMaintenance
Rapid reaction support
Discovery Phase
Design & Build Phase
Post implementation support Phase
ScopingRequirement analysis
Design (high level)User interface design
Deploy Phase
On-site testing & integrationUser WorkshopsIntegrationApplication release
Infosys On-site co-coordinator +Customer mgr
Off-shore project leader
Weekly statusJob allocation
Queries & ClarificationLeverage workday
Smart work breakdown
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Why GDM?GDM improves your odds: by addressing your business concerns
Clients would like to see a
reduction in TCO
Total cost of ownership
GDM offers variable cost depending on Globallocation from where the service is executed. This
allows CXOs to pick one that makes the mosteconomic sense.
Clients require 24*7availability of services at alltimes
De-risking
Highly resilient to any type of disaster networkedenvironment with flexibility to deliver services fromany location around the world with very high andefficient recoverability.
Shrinking cycle times is the
order of the dayTime-to-market
GDM offers extended workdays across multipletime-zones (multiple locations) for faster projectcompletion.
Clients expect high qualitydelivered with highpredictability
QualityVirtual teams connected through seamless flow ofinformation and access to experts and knowledgebases at multiple places/sites.
Reacting to quickly
changing Environment iscritical for the clientScalability and flexibility
GDM offers access to resources at multiple
locations ensuring high flexibility.
Clients need innovation andglobal now-how
Best global talentGDM allows us to tap the best brains from acrossthe globe
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The elements of GDMBringing it together
High Quality
&Processes
Skilled & enough
Personnel
Execute atLow price & best location
Extendedworkdays
GDM Where it all comes together !
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How does GDM work?
Global Delivery Model splits work into logical components and distributes these components to perform them where it creates the maximum value for the client.
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Outsourcing – Infosys Model
• Pros of GDM
– Cost Benefits – Time zone advantages
– Ready infrastructure
– Intellectual Capital
– Leverage vendor’s PMcapabilities
– Judiciously leverageoffshore/onsite resources
• Cons of GDM – Client is at a remote
location
– Connectivity demands – Communication is slower
– Loss of direct supervisionfor client
What is Global
Delivery Model?Infosys Global Delivery Model (GDM) is based on the basic
principle of doing work where it makes most economic sense
with the least amount of acceptable risk. It is thus the key driver
of engagement success and value realization for our clients.
The GDM framework offers a well-oiled mechanism where the
project teams are located physically at different locations, but
are perfectly co-coordinated with seamless communication and
clearly defined process guidelines.
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Myths about GDM
• GDM has several inherent mechanisms to keep clients up to date on all project related activities at remote locations.• A detailed project plan is shared and discussed with the client and updated on an ongoing basis.• A weekly status report covering all aspects of the project is reviewed on a conference call.• This forum is also used to highlight all high priority open issues.• Depending on criticality, some projects have a steering committee, comprising senior management from the client
organization and Infosys, to jointly review the progress of the project.• All documents including the latest project plans and status reports are available on an easily accessible shared folder
I may Lose control over the project
• Not at all.
• A typical project team has resident project manager/coordinators at the customer site to handles allco-ordination and direct communication with the remote team
I will have to work with remote teams during non-working hours
• While the concept of the GDM framework may be similar across organizations, the supporting people, processes, and
infrastructure make the critical difference.• Global HR Policies with high standards of recruitment to ensure a group of highly motivated people withcomplementary skills to successfully execute the project
• A culture of teamwork, transparency, and customer orientation that truly transcends geographical boundaries• World class infrastructure• Mature Quality processes in a distributed environment and highly quality focused workforce• Presence at multiple locations to minimize risk and provide the necessary flexibility to ramp-up• Substantial experience and expertise in GDM
Any company working from offshore can deliver through GDM
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Impact of New Technologies
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“New Technology”
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Consumer behaviour
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Business Imperative
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Gartner Hype Cycle
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Thank You !
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Infosys Structure
B a n k i n g a n d C a p i t a
l
M a r k e t s ( B C M )
I n s u r a n c e H e a l t h c a
r e &
L i f e s c i e n c e s ( I H L )
R e t a i l , D i s t r i b u t i o n
a n d
C P G
( R E T L )
M a n u f a c t u r i n g .
( M F
G )
( C M E ) C o m m u n i c a t i o n
S e r v i c e P r o v i d e r s ,
M e d i a & E n t e r t a i n m
e n t
E n e r g y ,
U t i l i t i e s &
S e r v i c e s ( E U S )
IntegratedBusiness Units
InfosysConsulting
InfosysBPO
EnterpriseCapability units
Enterprise Solutions (ES)
Independent Validation Services (IVS)
Infrastructure Management Service (IMS)
System Integration Services (SI)
Strategic Global Sourcing (SGS)
Corporate
EnablersTech
ServicesQualityIS
InfosysLeadership
Institute
HR
Infosys subsidiaries
InfosysChina
InfosysAustralia
SA&AE&R
Domain Competency Group (Consulting Services)
Product Engineering, Product Lifecycle Engineering
Software Engineering and Technology Labs (SETLabs)