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NUCLEAR LEVEL SENSORSandMEASUREMENT CRYOGENIC
FLUID LEVEL
Prepared by: Orlando Jr. M Abuhon
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OUTLINE:Definition of terms
Nuclear Level Sensors
Continuous Level Measurement
Point Level Measurement
Advantages and Disadvantages
Cryogenic Fluid Level Measurement
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DEFINITION OF TERMSNuclear
- is the use of exothermic nuclear processes to
generate useful heat and electricity.
Fluid
- is a substance that continually deforms (flows)
under an applied shear stress.
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DEFINITION OF TERMSGamma ray
- refers to electromagnetic radiation of high
frequency.
Cryogenic
- is the study of the production of verylow temperature and the behavior of
materials at those temperatures.
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NUCLEAR LEVEL SENSOR
Nuclear Level Sensor uses a Radiation-
based measurement. Radiation-based
measurement is non-contact and unaffectedby process pressure, temperature, or corrosive
properties. In turn, the radiation passed
through the process vessel does not affect themeasured material.
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NUCLEAR LEVEL SENSOR
Continuous Level Measurement
-uses energy attenuation of the beam to
measure level.
Point Level Measurement
-is based on the presence or absence of thebeam.
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Nuclear Continuous LevelMeasurement
Operation:
-uses source of gamma radiation that is passedas a collimated beam through the process
vessel and material toward the detector.
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As the process level
rises, it shields the detector
from the radiation. The
more radiation the detectorreceives, the lower the
process level. The less
radiation detected, the
higher the process level.
Process level is provided in
the form of a current
output.
Nuclear Continuous LevelMeasurement
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Nuclear Point LevelMeasurement
Operation:
-For point level detection, a focused beam ofgamma radiation is directed at a small detector
that senses the presence or absence of the
beam.
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When process
material in the vessel blocks
the gamma radiation, the
detected drop is used toenergize (or de-energize) a
relay.
Nuclear Point LevelMeasurement
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Nuclear Level SensorsAdvantages
Non invasive to vessel
No moving parts
Simple installation and
easy setup
Easy maintenance
More safe for personnel
Disadvantages
Costly
Hazardous*
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CRYOGENIC LEVEL SENSORCryogenic Fluid Level can be measured using
the following:
A. Thermocouples
B. RTDs
C. Silicon diodes
D. Thermistors
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THERMOCOUPLES
A thermocouple is comprised of at least two metalsjoined together to form two junctions. One is
called the measuring junction. The other junction
is the reference junction. Thus the thermocouple
enables measuring the unknown temperature of
the body with reference to the known
temperature of the other body.
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PLATINUM RTD
- Platinum RTDS
are sensors used to
measure temperature
by correlating the
resistance of the RTD
element with
temperature.
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SILICON DIODE
Silicon diodes are the
most common
temperature sensors
used in cryogenic
applications. They
offer good sensitivity
and a wide range ofoperation compared
to other devices.
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THERMISTOR
A thermistor is a type
of resistor whose
resistance varies
significantly with
temperature, more so
than in standard
resistors.
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Thank you!