Revision of the BSAP Country Allocation Scheme
Principles and examples
Bo Gustafsson
Baltic Nest Institute Sweden
Stockholm Resilience Centre R e s e a r c h f o r G o v e r n a n c e o f S o c i a l - E c o l o g i c a l S y s t e m s
Country by basin definition
each color represents the drainage area to one of
the 7 marine basins
lines are country borders
Allocation scheme basic steps
1. Establish reference data on country by basin loads including all sources
1. From rivers
2. Coastal point sources
3. Atmospheric deposition
2. Subtract from each country by basin load the estimated reductions of loads due to UWWT-directive* implementation
3. Subtract from each country by basin load the estimated contributions from upstream non-HELCOM countries
4. Subtract contributions from non-HELCOM countries and ship traffic to the atmospheric nitrogen deposition
5. Calculate the share of load for each country to each basin based on steps 1-4.
* Rather HELCOM recommendations given in BSAP
Allocation scheme basic steps
6. Calculate reduction target per basin by subtraction of actual loads (Step 1) with the maximum allowable loads from the marine model
7. Subtract from each basin-wise reduction target the estimated reductions of loads due to UWWT-directive implementation
8. Subtract from basin-wise reduction target the estimated contributions from upstream non-HELCOM countries (in BSAP these loads were assumed to be removed by sewage treatment)
9. Obtain the country by basin allocation by multiplying the results from 6-7 with the share computed in Step 5
10.Add the estimated reductions of loads due to UWWT-directive implementation to the reduction targets for each country by basin
Main changes in the allocation scheme
BSAP 2007 New scheme
Maximum allowable loads
Land loads Land+ nitrogen atmospheric loads
Reference loads Land loads
Land + nitrogen atmospheric loads
Reference period 1997-2003 1997-2003 (2000-2006)
Flow normalization No Yes
Compensate for improved sewage treatment
Yes No/Yes?
Take retention into account for transboundary loads
No Yes/No?
Now to some calculations • PLC-5 load data is used
• EMEP’s calculations of source-receptor matrices
• Maximum allowable load as from BSAP 2007
• Transboundary land loads are taken as is from BSAP 2007
• WWTP calculations are taken as is from BSAP 2007
No atmospheric deposition
1997-2003
Not normalized loads
N 129 400 T
P 13 358 T
BSAP 2007
No atmospheric deposition
1997-2003
Not normalized loads
N 125 400 T
P 11 200 T
Based on PLC-5 data
Most similar to BSAP 2007
No atmospheric deposition, 1997-
2003
Normalized loads
N 95 700 T
P 9 600 T
No atmospheric deposition 2000-
2006
Normalized loads
N 87 800 T
P 10 700 T
Atmospheric deposition
1997-2003
Normalized loads
P 9 600 T
N 95 700 T
Atmospheric deposition
1997-2003
Normalized loads
No WWTP
N 97 500 T
P 10 700 T
Summary of reduction targets excluding common pool: 3779 tN, 1662 tP
Nitrogen Phosphorus
1. BSAP 2007 129 400 13 358
2. 97-03 non-norm. (rev. data) 125 400 11 200
3. 97-03 norm. (rev. data) 95 700 9 600
4. 00-06 norm. 87 800 10 700
5. As 3 + atm. deposition (N) 95 700 9 600
6. As 5 and no ex-ante WWTP 97 500 10 700
New developments in calculation of the reduction from WWT
improvment
• New compilations of data on STP and degree of connectivity
• New calculations of, potential, at source decreased loads
• New calculations of surface water retention to estimate effect at the river mouths
• PRELIMINARY RESULTS!
10 × 10 km grid containing
• Number of people connected and not connected to WWTP:s
– Year 2004 and 2007
• Cleaning rate
• Distance to sea
1. Population connectivity year 2004
2. Population connectivity year 2007
3. Population connectivity year 2007 + upgrading of cleaning efficiency of all connected population.
4. BSAP – All population connected according to goals in BSAP
1 Human → 3,9 kg N and 1,1 kg P per year
Example N from All Population – At source
Example N from All Population – At source
Surface water retention
TN & TP
•MESAW (Per Stålnacke et al)
• Hydraulic load / Specific discharge approach (Behrend & Opitz 2000 and Venohr et al 2003)
Surface water retention
N P
0
10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
70000000
Vistula
TN from All population without and with surface water retention (MESAW)
2004 2007
BSAP
All con uppgr.
+ r
eten
tion
+ r
eten
tion
+ r
eten
tion
+ r
eten
tio
n
Ex Vistula
Ton N from all Population
Ton N from all population after retention
Reduction (tons) before retention compared to 2007
Reduction (tons) after retention compared to 2007
2007 14590 6617
All connected upgraded
11523 5226 3067 1391
BSAP 4452 2019 10138 4598