Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge National Laboratory
““Technologies to Help Wage the Long WarTechnologies to Help Wage the Long War””
Presented to the Presented to the 18th Annual NDIA SO/LIC Symposium18th Annual NDIA SO/LIC Symposium
Mark A. Buckner, PhD Cognitive Radio Program DirectorRF & Microwave Systems Group Oak Ridge National [email protected]@doe.ic.gov
26 February, 2007
TTL
TTL
TTL
SENSORS
SENSORS
SENSORS
COMMSCOMMSCOMMS
timetimetimetrusttrusttrust
IntelligenceIntelligenceIntelligence
……the power of changethe power of change……hhamameelleeoonn
ORNL Cognitive Radio Program Mission: “to integrate software radio, sensors and computational intelligence capabilities to realize the art-of-the-possible in cognitive
computing and communications to address both government and commercial
problems, in a manner that enhances US National Security.”
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Oak Ridge Facilities
ORNL 2001-03779/djr
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
ORNL is DOE’s Largest Multi-Purpose Science Laboratory
•
$1 billion budget
•
3800 employees
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3000 research guests annually
•
Nation’s largest energy R&D laboratory
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World class computing facilities
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Nation’s largest concentration of unclassified materials research
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$1.4 billion Spallation Neutron Source under construction
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$300 million modernization program in progress
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
ORNL East Campus then…ORNL East Campus then…
Battelle-Supported
DOE Upgrade ofMain Chemistry Building
TennesseeJICS/ORCAS
DOE ResearchSupport Center
ORNL East Campus in 2004ORNL East Campus in 2004
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Multiprogram Research Facility
Capable of handling the full range of national and homeland security work
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Neutron Science
ComputingBiologyMaterials
Energy Homeland/ National Security
ORNL Science and Technology Agenda Has Six Priorities
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
A Center Of Excellence For Understanding Complex Biological Systems•
Moving into a new Laboratory for Comparative and Functional Genomics
•
Designing a state-funded facility for the Joint Institute for Biological Sciences
•
Sequencing the hybrid poplar genome•
Exploring microbial genomes for bioremediation
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Applying life sciences capabilities to needs in homeland security
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
We are at the forefront in computing and simulation
•
Leading the partnership to develop the National Leadership Computing Facility−
World’s best scientific computing capability−
100 teraflops in 2006; 250 teraflops by 2007
•
Attacking key computational challenges−
Climate change−
Fusion−
Nuclear astrophysics−
Materials sciences−
Biology
•
Providing access to our computational resources through high-speed networking
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Spallation Neutron Source High Flux Isotope Reactor•
High-intensity neutrons for materials research at the nanoscale
•
1.4 MW of beam power on target
•
16 instruments
•
The nation’s leading research reactor
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World-class for neutron scattering
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
Ultrahigh-resolution microscopy
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$65M facility now in operation•
75 user projects already under way
•
DOE’s first nanoscience research center
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Advanced Microscopy Laboratory
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Aberration-corrected electron microscope
•
World-record resolution: 0.6 Å
We are developing and deploying world-class tools for nanoscale R&D
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
The Spallation Neutron Source Total cost: $1.4 billion
•
Operational in 2006•
World’s most powerful pulsed neutron source•
With complementary resources at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge will lead the world in neutron scattering
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
We have significant strengths in key areasRadiological and nuclear weapons countermeasures
Threat vulnerability testing and assessment
Crosscutting
•
RDD attribution studies, forensics program development, and decontamination of the aftermath
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Active interrogation technologies•
Radiation detection technologies and new materials
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Geospatial science•
Plume/effect modeling
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Cybersecurity technology
Chemical and biological
Infrastructure protection
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Mass spectrometry•
Bioinformatics•
Host-pathogen interactions
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Vulnerability assessment and mitigation
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Sensor technologies
•
Knowledge discovery
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Program areas
•
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
•
Homeland Security
•
Department of Defense
•
Other Government Agencies
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Nuclear Nonproliferation Programs
•
Material Protection Control and Accounting
•
Fissile Materials Disposition•
International Safeguards
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HEU Transparency•
Export Controls
•
Radiological Dispersal Devices
•
Nuclear Material Detection & Identification
0
0
61
1
91 94
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18 2019
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2324
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86
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46 47 48
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72 73 76
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38 39 40 41 42 43 44 4530 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
68 69 70 7161 62 63 64 65 66
49 50 51 52 5377 7854 55
7956
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Irkutsk
Angarsk
Tomsk
Novosibirsk KrasnoyarskOmsk
Ust’KamenogorskSemipalatinsk
Norilsk
Chelyabinsk
Yekaterinburg
VolgogradRostov
Penza
St. Petersburg
Moscow
Murmansk
Arkhangel’skSeverodvinsk
AktauSevastopol
Kiev
Minsk
SalaspilsIgnalina
Almaty
EastSiberian
Sea
Bering Sea
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy
Sak ha lin
Seaof
Okhotsk
Yakutsk
Bilibino
MONGOL IA
A R C T I C O C E A N
Lake Baikal
Kara Sea
Laptev Sea
SEVERNAYA
NEW SIBERIAN ISLANDS
ZEMLYA
R u s s i a n F e d e r a t i o n
N O R T H
P A C I F I C
U.S.
NORWAY
SWEDEN
FINL AND
POL AND
GERMANY
LITH.RUS.
BULGARIA
CZ. REP.
SLO.
SLOV.AUS.
BOS. &
GEORGIA
ROMANIA
UKRAINE
BELARUS
UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN
CRO.
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(NORWAY)Svalbard
FY R O M *
SER.
KAZAKHSTAN
Black Sea
Barents SeaNorwegian
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MOLDOVA
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KGB Kru sk Sta tion
Cen tralAirfield U.S.
Emb assy
To d om odedovoAi rp ort
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6 Kil ome
Pave lets kySta tion
River sRoad sRail roadRail road Stat ionAirports
Kazan St atio n
St. Pet ersbu rgSta tion
Krem lin
Pra vda
Fo rei gnMin istry
MetropolitanMoscow
Cent ralSt adiu m
Lyu bl in o
Kie v Stat ion
ChukchiSea
Lake Balkhash
94
321110
8 765
Bishkek
0
0
61
1
91 94
2827
16
18 2019
2212
21 29
17
13
2324
25
14
15
9590
89
8887
86
85
83
84
92 93
46 47 48
67
57
74 80
81
58 59 60 75
72 73 76
R
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 4530 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
68 69 70 7161 62 63 64 65 66
49 50 51 52 5377 7854 55
7956
Magadan
Khabarovsk
Vladivostok
Irkutsk
Angarsk
Tomsk
Novosibirsk KrasnoyarskOmsk
Ust’KamenogorskSemipalatinsk
Norilsk
Chelyabinsk
Yekaterinburg
VolgogradRostov
Penza
St. Petersburg
Moscow
Murmansk
Arkhangel’skSeverodvinsk
AktauSevastopol
Kiev
Minsk
SalaspilsIgnalina
Almaty
EastSiberian
Sea
Bering Sea
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy
Sak ha lin
Seaof
Okhotsk
Yakutsk
Bilibino
MONGOL IA
A R C T I C O C E A N
Lake Baikal
Kara Sea
Laptev Sea
SEVERNAYA
NEW SIBERIAN ISLANDS
ZEMLYA
R u s s i a n F e d e r a t i o n
N O R T H
P A C I F I C
U.S.
NORWAY
SWEDEN
FINL AND
POL AND
GERMANY
LITH.RUS.
BULGARIA
CZ. REP.
SLO.
SLOV.AUS.
BOS. &
GEORGIA
ROMANIA
UKRAINE
BELARUS
UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN
CRO.
HERZ.
(NORWAY)Svalbard
FY R O M *
SER.
KAZAKHSTAN
Black Sea
Barents SeaNorwegian
Sea
SeaAralHUNG.
MOLDOVA
EST.
LAT.
KGB Kru sk Sta tion
Cen tralAirfield U.S.
Emb assy
To d om odedovoAi rp ort
Ya se n ev o
Biryu le voŠ
L yu
R
Pe ro v o
Bu t ov o
Sol nt se vo
T o Vnu k ov oA irport
6 Kil ome
Pave lets kySta tion
River sRoad sRail roadRail road Stat ionAirports
Kazan St atio n
St. Pet ersbu rgSta tion
Krem lin
Pra vda
Fo rei gnMin istry
MetropolitanMoscow
Cent ralSt adiu m
Lyu bl in o
Kie v Stat ion
ChukchiSea
Lake Balkhash
94
321110
8 765
Bishkek
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Homeland Security Programs•
Radiological/nuclear countermeasures
•
Threat and vulnerability testing and assessment
•
Biological and chemical countermeasures
•
Standards development
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Countermeasures Testbed
•
Regional Technology Integration
•
Protective Security Analysis Center
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Transportation analysis
•
Highway weigh station radiation portal monitors
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FEMA support activities
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Department of Defense •
Military transformation
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Chem/Bio defense and early warning
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Logistics and transportation management
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Defense materials•
Sensor miniaturization and communication
•
Information management, synthesis and analysis
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Marine Asset Security & Tracking System (MAST)
NGA Evacuation ManagementNGA Evacuation Management & Accountability System & Accountability System
(NEMAS(NEMAS))
ICIC
ORNL Tracking SystemORNL Tracking System
SensorNetMICLOG
Small Contingency Theater Positioning System (SCTPS)
ROCROC
NOCNOCNOCNOC
Iridium NetworkIridium Network
ROCROC
CRCR
GRCGRCGatewayGateway
GRCGRCGRCGRCGatewayGateway
ALERT!ALERT!
GPSGPSGPSGPSInternetInternetInternetInternet
CRCR
CRCR
CRCR
Local Area MeshLocal Area Mesh
First First ResponderResponder
Wherenet Wherenet ReaderReader
Future: other Future: other Infrastructure Infrastructure Cellular, WAN, Cellular, WAN,
MANMAN
ZigBeeZigBee
Sensor Sensor eventevent msgOutmsgOut: :
Sensor Sensor value? value?
TTLTTL
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Cognitive Radio: What is it? “a disruptive, but unobtrusive technology” [Haykin05]
Cognitive Radio is an intelligent wireless communication systems that:
•
Senses (Awareness): acquires and maintains knowledge of its environment, internal capabilities/ states and user needs
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Reasons: uses goal-oriented rules/reasoning (model- based) to adjust adaptation goals
•
Adapts (reconfigurable): adjusts Rx/Tx parameters (frequency, modulation, power) and internal states in real-time to meet user requirements and goals
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Learns: uses statistical signal processing and machine learning to reflect on past performance and create new states, statistical models, etc. to achieve better performance over time
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Plans/Acts: anticipates and schedules required future actions based on current and past conditions
•
Collaborates: leverage experience/capabilities of other CRs to attain goals
•
For the primary purpose of providing:−
Highly reliable communications w/ assured QoS −
Robust performance−
Efficient spectrum utilization
Future Cognitive Systems: “will converse with the user,
anticipate their needs and adapt to meet them … ”
Cognition/Intelligence?•
“knowing, perceiving, or conceiving as an act…” [Oxford English Dictionary]
•
“interdisciplinary study … concerned with exploring general principles of intelligence through a synthetic methodology termed learning by understanding.” [Pfeifer & Scheier99]
•
Intelligence: “The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge, especially toward a purposeful goal.” [American Heritage_00] Prior
States Prior Prior
StatesStatesOutside World
Outside Outside WorldWorld
ObserveObserve
OrientOrient Establish PriorityEstablish Priority
PlanPlan
LearnLearn
DecideDecide
ActAct
Infer on Context HierarchyInfer on Context Hierarchy
PrePre--processprocess
ParseParse
Receive a MessageReceive a MessageRead ButtonsRead Buttons
SensorsSensors
……
Send message(s)Send message(s) Display InformationDisplay Information
Initiate Process(es), Initiate Process(es), ComputationsComputations……
Allocate ResourcesAllocate Resources
Save GlobalSave Global StatesStates
ImmediateImmediate UrgentUrgent
NormalNormal
Generate AlternativeGenerate Alternative (Program Generation)(Program Generation)Evaluate AlternativesEvaluate Alternatives anticipate needsanticipate needs
Register to Current TimeRegister to Current Time
LocationLocation
HistoryHistory
User(s)User(s) Other devicesOther devices
SystemsSystems
New States New New
StatesStates
Learn Using GANFIS: Learn Using GANFIS: Genetically Adaptive Genetically Adaptive
Neural Fuzzy Neural Fuzzy Inference System Inference System
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Overview of SD/CR-related Capabilities•
Multi-Waveform Prototypes−
One effort combined wideband RFID waveform (30 Mcps DSSS) with narrow band RFID and Satcom.
−
Another effort combined Satcom waveform with sensor signal processing.
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Started an effort to combine Satcom, specialized comms, conventional terrestrial communications, sensor signal processing and cognitive control engine into a single prototype by end of FY08.
•
Rapid Prototyping−
Use of MATLAB/Simulink/Sys Gen Model-Based Design Approach.
−
Prototype SDR system was tested OCONUS within 60 days of receipt of funds.
•
Reduced SWAP−
Working on rapid method to port SDR designs to ASIC−
Working with DOD to develop improved power source
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Geolocation Gap-Fillers
•
Use of SATCOM & other signals of opportunity
•
Theater Positioning System/TRINAV−
Use of LF/HF for Theater Positioning
−
MOUT and indoor
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Waveform Development ProgressRFID/Tagging Waveforms
−
WhereNet−
SAVI
•
Channel Sounder WaveformsIRIDIUM
•
Zigbee
•
IEEE 802.11b
•
Bluetooth
•
Wi-Max
•
UWB
•
SATCOM
•
FastHSS
•
LPI/LPD Waveforms
•
LF Navigation (TPS)
•
Legacy Sensor
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OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
ROCROC
NOCNOC
Iridium NetworkIridium Network
ROCROC
CRCR
GRCGRCGatewayGateway
ALERT!ALERT!
GPSGPSInternetInternet
CRCR
CRCR
CRCR
Local Area MeshLocal Area Mesh
First First ResponderResponder
Wherenet Wherenet ReaderReader
Internal R&D TTL Project FY07-08
Future: other Future: other Infrastructure Infrastructure Cellular, WAN, Cellular, WAN,
MANMAN
ZigBeeZigBee
Sensor Sensor eventevent msgOut: msgOut:
Sensor Sensor value? value?