Objective 16.01
Describe types of tree species in the United States as related to their significance in the forestry industry.
Hardwoods
Deciduous Trees Oaks, Maple, or
Walnut More expensive
wood
Softwoods
Have needles Have cones Also known as
evergreens or conifers
Don’t loose their leaves
American Holly
Also known as Christmas Holly
Spiny wavy-edged, glossy, dark green leaves
15-40 feet high, 1-2 feet wide
Ash
Used for: Handles Baseball bats
Resembles Oak Has a high
resistance to shock
Beech
Reach a height of 60 feet
Leaves turn bronze or tan in the fall
Birch
Used for furniture, plywood, paneling
Made into veneer Has white bark
Black Cherry
Also known as Wild Cherry
Reach height of 60-100 feet
Leaves are 2-6 inches long and ¾ - 1 ½ inches wide
Edges are toothed
Black Gum
Grows along swamp margins
Alternate leaves, roughly oval with short, blunt points
Turn scarlet in fall
Black Locust
Also known as yellow locust
Pinnately compound leaves made up of 7-19 leaflets
Twigs have spines
Black Oak
Leaves have 5-7 lobes
50-80 feet tall
Black Walnut
Black walnut leaves are alternate, pinnately compound
12 to 24 inches long, with 15 to 23 sharply oval, finely toothed, long-pointed leaflets 3 to 3 1/2 inches long.
Leaves turn a bright, clear yellow in autumn.
Chestnut Oak
Chestnut oak leaves are 4 to 8 inches long.
They are roughly oval but often are wider near the apex and are roughly round-toothed.
Undersides of leaves often are hairy.
Cottonwood
fastest-growing commercial forest species in North America,
one of the tallest trees of eastern forests, 200 feet tall
diameters of 4 to 6 feet leaves are roughly triangular,
toothed, pointed, 3 to 6 inches long, 4 to 5 inches wide, paler below than above and have a flattened stem
Cypress
found in deep swamps and on wet stream banks and wet bottomlands
The leaves are 1/2 to 3/4 inches long and are arranged in featherlike fashion along two sides of small branchlets,
Dogwood
It is a small tree, usually 10 to 20 feet tall and 4 to 6 inches in diameter
leaves are opposite and 3 to 5 inches long.
Elm
leaves are oval, and have a long, slightly curved point rough-textured and 4 to 6 inches long.
Leaf margins are sharply toothed.
Hemlock
flat round-tipped needles, 1/3 to 2/3 inches long
marked on the lower surface with two pale lines (stomata).
The pendant cones grow on short, slender stalks from the tips of branchlets, usually remaining on the tree until the following spring.
Hickory
leaves are 8 to 12 inches long with five (rarely 7) finely toothed, sharp-pointed, tapering leaflets.
The fruit is globular to pear-shaped, 1 1/2 inches long and is enclosed in a thin husk that remains closed or opens only part way down the nut
Loblolly Pine
Loblolly pine needles occur in clusters of three. They are slender and stiff, 6 to 9 inches long and pale green
Long Leaf Pine
Longleaf pine has long, drooping, lustrous bright green needles. The needles are 8 to 15 inches long in three-leaf clusters found toward the ends of the stout branches.
Northern Red Oak
Flooring, furniture, fencing
Very strong wood leaves are 5 to 8
inches long and have seven to 11 lobes. Each lobe usually is
three-toothed,
Persimmon
The broadly oblong, pointed leaves are 4 to 6 inches long and 2 to inches wide.
The leaf has a smooth margin and a broad, flat midrib, with small, conspicuous dark veins on the underside.
Post Oak
Its leaves are 4 to 6 inches long and are deeply divided into five lobes the leaf has a cross-like appearance
bark is rougher and darker than the white oak and is broken into much smaller scales
Red Cedar
leaves average 1/16 inches in length and are opposite
40 to 50 feet tall
Red Maple
Used to construct butcher blocks, workbench tops, flooring
Red maple leaves are three- to five-lobed and have coarsely toothed margins
Redbud
The leaves are alternate, heart-shaped, smooth-margined, 3 to 5 inches long and wide.
They are glossy green, turning to a bright clear yellow in autumn.
Scarlet Oak
Its leaves are 4 to 7 inches long and 3 to 5 inches wide.
They have five to nine pointed lobes
Shortleaf Pine
Shortleaf pine needles are 3 to 5 inches long, slender, flexible, dark green
grow in clusters of two or three
Sourwood
It is a small tree, 8 to 12 inches in diameter and 30 to 40 feet
leaves are 3 to 6 inches long, simple, alternate, very acidic to the taste
Southern Red Oak
Two types of leaves: irregularly shaped
lobes that are mostly narrow and bristle tipped, with the central lobe often being the longest;
pear-shaped with three rounded lobes at the outer end.
Sweet Gum
star-shaped leaves Prickly fruit
Sycamore
multicolored, mottled bark most often is white
leaves usually are three- to four-lobed
Tupelo Gum
It inhabits only those deep river swamps or coastal swamps
Leaves are oblong and long-pointed at the end, 5 to 7 inches long and 2 to 4 inches wide
Virginia Pine
needles are 11/2 to 3 inches long, They grow in
bundles of two.
50 to 80 feet tall
Water Oak
grows along the borders of swamps and streams
leaves are small (2 to 4 inches long)
three indistinct lobes Leaves often remain
on the tree into early winter
White Oak
Used for: Structural timbers Flooring Fencing Pallets
Nearly waterproof because its pores are plugged with membranes
White Pine
Needles are 3 to 5 inches long. They grow in
bundles of five and have 3 to 5 white lines (stomata) on two surfaces of each needle
Willow Oak
Also known as water oak or pin oak
leaves are 2 to 5 inches long, narrow, smoothed-edged and tipped with bristle points
Yellow Poplar
Also known as Tulip tree or Tulip Poplar
Leaves have four large lobes
Southern Pine
Includes loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf, and slash pine
Most commonly used for pulpwood and plywood
Douglas Fir
The most important tree species in the US
Used for construction lumber and plywood
Frazier Fir
Used for commercial Christmas tree production
Grown in the North Carolina Mountains