Observed AOD by MODIS satellite AOD interpolated to the domain
Impact of Aerosol Optical Depth on DNI
Results (Sep. 29, 2013)
Original Run Modified Run
DNI decreases in the modified run due to the improved AOD.
9-30-2013
Time (LST)
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
DN
I (W
m-2
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
OBS OriginalModified
Original run overestimated but DNI is underestimated in the modified run.
Shallow Cumulus Case (Sep. 26)
Sep. 27 00 UTC
Shallow Cumulus Case (Sep. 26)
Original: Original configuration except with 44 vertical layersImproved: Same as Original run except with FNL as an initial condition
September 26, 2013
Time (LST)
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
DN
I (W
m-2
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
ObservedImprovedOriginal
Shallow Cumulus Case (Sep. 26)
Clouds form below the inversion layer.
At high altitude, the other humid layer is generated and then cirrus clouds are produced.
Observation also shows the humid layer at high altitude.
E4
Sep. 26 12 Z Sep. 27 00 Z
Cold Bias
Shallow Cumulus Case (Sep. 26)
Clouds form below the inversion layer.
At high altitude, the other humid layer is generated but cirrus clouds are not produced since relative humidity is lower than E4.
Observation also shows the humid layer at high altitude.
E5
Sep. 26 12 Z Sep. 27 00 Z
No bias
Shallow Cumulus Case (Sep. 26)
Sep. 27 00 UTC
Original
Improved
March, 22, 2013
In the afternoon, PBL height is raised with the formation of shallow cumulus over Tucson.
March, 22, 2013
Observation and WRF (Original run)
Observed Humid layer (Potentially shallow cumulus)
Simulated Humid layer (Potentially shallow cumulus)
Original run shows the humid layer, lower than the observation and therefore it is difficult for shallow clouds to be forecasted.
March, 22, 2013
Observation and WRF (Improved)
In this run, ascending of PBL top height is apparently found out comparing to previous runs.The lower surface heat flux makes the difference of the height of humid layer from the observation.
Improved runPBL : YSUSurface Heat flux : twiceBulk Richardson Number:0.0 0.5