OCLC Online Computer Library Center
FRBR and OCLC Research
Eric Childress
OCLC Research
UNC SILS
Chapel Hill, NC
10 April 2006
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Outline
FRBR explained
OCLC Work
Audience Level
FictionFinder
Dewey Browser
Live Search
OCLC FirstSearch
WorldCat FRBR
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
FRBR basics
FRBR = Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
Work done under the auspices of IFLA
Uses an entity-attribute approach to provide a conceptual model of the bibliographic universe
Provides a clearly defined, structured framework for relating bibliographic data to user needs
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Four User Tasks:
Find entities that match the search criteria
Identify entities (confirm that the user has found
what they were looking for)
Select an entity that matches the user’s criteria
Obtain access to the entity through purchase, loan, or
through electronic remote access
And, maybe a fifth:And, maybe a fifth:
Navigate
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FRBR defines 3 groups of entities
Group 1: products of intellectual or artistic endeavor that are named of described in bibliographic records
work, expression, manifestation, item
Group 2: entities responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of such products
person, corporate body
Group 3: entities that serve as the subjects of intellectual or artistic endeavor
concept, object, event, place
From William Denton (http://www.frbr.org/)
intellectual/bibliographic units
agents
“aboutness”
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Work
Expression
Is realized through
Is exemplified by
Item
ManifestationIs embodied in
A distinct intellectual or artistic creation
The intellectual or artistic realization of a work
The physical embodiment of an expression
A single exemplar of a manifestation
Group 1 Entities
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OCLC FRBR work set algorithm-based cluster of related WorldCat records
Original English Translation
Illustratededition
Abridgededition
Adaptation
Expressions
Work¹ Work²
e¹ e² e³ e¹
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“The FRBR model is revolutionary. The (computer) catalogue is not seen as a sequence of bibliographic records and a replica of the traditional card catalogue, but rather as a network of connected data, enabling the user to perform seamlessly all the necessary functions.”
-Dr. Maja Žumer. National and University Library, Ljubljana, Slovenia
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Applying FRBR in services
Incorporating the concepts of the FRBR model in systems:
Superior presentation of search results
Esp. in large files – more intuitive clustering
May help streamline library cataloging
Reduces repeated keying of work-related info
Bibliographic & management intelligence
New insights into works (e.g., OCLC’s 1000 list)
Libraries can operate at workset level (e.g., ILL)
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OCLC Projects
Audience Level
FictionFinder
Dewey Browser
Live Search
OCLC FirstSearch
WorldCat FRBR
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OCLC Research
Mission: To expand knowledge that advances OCLC's public purposes of:
Furthering access to the world's information
Reducing library costs
Description:
~ 30 staff (including 8 scientists) in Dublin, OH
Applied research in metadata, taxonomies, search standards, retrieval systems, user IR behavior, digitization, collection analysis, and related areas
Also various standards work (e.g., Dublin Core)
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Worldcat (FRBR stats)
Manifestations
Works
Items
(est: holdings*1.5)
59,879,322
47,423,810
1,531,400,969
35,372,459
28,542,021
1,194,751,352
Total Print books
Works with 1 manifestation:87%
Works withbetween 2 and 5 manifestations:
12%Works with > 5 manifestations:
1%
Works with 1 manifestation:43% of total holdings
Works withbetween 2 and 5 manifestations:
40% of total holdings
Works with > 5 manifestations:17% of total holdings
Manifestations
By Holdings
Works in
WorldCat
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Top 10 works in WC by holdings
10
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Audience Level
An OCLC Research prototype
A two-step process for assigning a relative “audience level”:
Use MARC “Target Audience” if present
If not, calculate the audience based on weighted holdings
Features:
Human- and machine-readable interfaces
Resolves OCLC record number or ISBN to probable “audience level”
OCLC Research Team:
Lynn Connaway (lead)
Brian Lavoie
Ed O’Neill
Cliff Snyder
Akeisha Heard
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Calculating “audience level”
Library Type Weight Holdings Holdings Wgt.
ARL 1.00 72 72.00
Academic .67 97 64.99
Public .33 8 2.64
School .00 0 0
177 139.63
Sum of Holding Weight ÷ Total Holdings
139.63 ÷ 177 = 0.78Operations research for libraries and information agencies :
techniques for the evaluation of management decision alternatives
by Donald H Kraft & Bert R Boyce [San Diego : Academic Press, ©1991]
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
work
manifestations in workset
Human-readableinterface
0.62
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
work
manifestations in workset
Human-readableinterface
0.45
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
FictionFinder
An OCLC experimental prototype
Supports searching & browsing of fiction materials cataloged in WorldCat
Fiction records — 2.8 million
Unique works — 1.4 million
Total holdings — 130 million
Employs FRBR to:
Build a “work” view & cluster related records
Support the creation of special indexes
OCLC Research team:
Diane Vizine-Goetz (lead)
Roger Thompson
Carol Hickey
Lance Osborne
J.D. Shipengrover
New version:
Available later in 2006
Improved navigation & work-based displays
Alphabetical browse display in redesigned interface
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Nearly 20,000 works retrievedThe record for Don Quixoterepresents 2,300+ editions
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Don Quixote work viewaggregates information from 2,367 editions in 40,212 libraries
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Don Quixote work view limited to Spanish language editions ordered by latest publication date
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Link to OCLC WorldCat Find in a Library Service
Edition (manifestation)record display
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DeweyBrowser
An OCLC experimental prototype
Supports searching & browsing collections organized by DDC
Presents search results at three levels corresponding to the three main summaries of Dewey
Collections available:
wcat – 2.2 million of the most widely held WorldCat records
abr14 – selected data from the Abridged Edition 14 of DDC
ebooks - 210,000+ electronic book records from WorldCat
Summaries can be displayed in:
English
French
German
Spanish
Swedish
OCLC Research team:
Diane Vizine-Goetz (lead)
Thom Hickey (lead)
Harry Wagner
Carol Hickey
Lance Osborne
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Live Search
OCLC Research prototype
Features:
Quick searches target with each additional keystroke of search term/phrase
Retrieves ordered, FRBR-inspired results (combined with holdings-based ranking)
Narrow-by Dewey attributes (expressed as captions)
OCLC Research Team:
Thom Hickey (lead)
Jenny Toves
Ralph LeVan
Files being prototyped:
Phoenix Public+DDC
LCSH
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Search results automatically regenerate as searches are entered
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Search categories automatically update as search results update
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Narrow by natural facets (“categories”) of any given result set
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item data drawn from Phoenix Public’s OPAC
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FirstSearch WorldCat FRBR
Prototype of planned OCLC Production version of WorldCat on the OCLC FirstSearch platform
FRBR-inspired clustering of search results
Pilot testing underway
Production release sometime in 2006…
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[kw: harry potter goblet fire]
Currently in FirstSearch
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Comparing current FS with FRBR-inspired results
[kw: harry potter goblet fire]
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and scrolling to the bottom.
bottom of multi-version recordmanifest
ati
ons
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Selecting Large Print within that record
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Questions?
Eric Childress
Consulting Project Manger
OCLC Research
http://www.oclc.org/research/staff/childress.htm
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Resources on FRBR
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
IFLA-related FRBR resources
IFLA FRBR Review Group
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/wgfrbr/wgfrbr.htm
Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report / IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records ; Approved by the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing. Münich : K.G. Saur, 1998.
viii, 136 pages. ISBN 3-598-11382-X
also online: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm
• FRBR Bibliography:
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/wgfrbr/bibliography.htm
• FRBR in 21st century catalogues (Workshop held at OCLC)
http://www.oclc.org/research/events/frbr-workshop
• Statement of International Cataloguing Principles
http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/source/statement-draft_jan05.pdf
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Selected additional resources
Boston, Tony, Bemal Rajapatirana and Roxanne Missingham “Libraries Australia: Simplifying the Search Experience” (2005)
http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2005/boston1.html
Denton, William. “FRBR and Fundamental Cataloguing Rules.” (2003)
http://www.miskatonic.org/library/frbr.html
Tillett, Barbara, What is FRBR?: A Conceptual Model for the Bibliographic Universe (2004)
http://www.loc.gov/cds/FRBR.html
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
OCLC FRBR-related activities
OCLC Resarch FRBR page: http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/frbr/
OCLC Research projects:
Audience Level http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/audience
Curiouser http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/curiouser
OCLC FRBR Algorithm http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/frbr/algorithm.htm
Fiction Finder http://fictionfinder.oclc.org/
xISBN http://www.oclc.org/research/researchworks/xisbn/
Top 1000 titles http://www.oclc.org/research/top1000
OCLC production services:
Open WorldCat http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/open
FRBR-inspired FirstSearch WorldCat (coming in 2006)
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
OCLC Research Presentations on FRBR
Diane Vizine-GoetzFictionFinder: Don Quixote to Graphic Novels (PPT:1.4MB/24slides)WebWise 2006, 17 February 2006, Los Angeles,California (USA)
Eric ChildressWhat's FRBR? (PowerPoint:1.1MB/43 slides)Central Ohio Chapter, American Society of Information Science & Technology, 21 July 2005, Columbus, Ohio (USA)
Brian Lavoie and Roger C. Schonfeld (Ithaka)A Systemwide View of Library Collections (PowerPoint:300K/35slides)CNI Spring 2005 Task Force Meeting, 4-5 April 2005, Washington, DC (USA)
Thom Hickey FRBR: Algorithms and Applications (PowerPoint:1.17MB/40slides)California Library Association pre-conference Institute, 12 November 2004, San Jose, California (USA)
Edward T. O'NeillFunctional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: OCLC's Experience Identifying and Using Works (PowerPoint:26MB/35 slides)FRBR Workshop, 8–9 July 2004, Frankfurt (Germany)
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
Other FRBR tools, activities, etc.
AusLit http://www.austlit.edu.au/about/metadata
FRBR Blog http://www.frbr.org/
LC FRBR Display Tool
http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functional-analysis/tool.html
RLG’s RedLightGreen http://www.redlightgreen.org/
VisualCat (Denmark) http://www.portia.dk/pubs/VisualCat/Present/VisualCatOverview20050607.pdf
VTLS http://www.vtls.com/Corporate/FRBR.shtml