Classical Conditioning
respondent behavior – actions are an automatic response to stimuli
Organism does not control the responses.
Organism learns associations between events it does not control.
Operant Conditioning
operant behavior – actions operate on the environment to produce rewarding or punishing stimuli
Organism does control the responses.
Organism learns associations by own behavior and the resulting events.
Classical Conditioning
Organism associates one or more stimuli together and anticipates events.
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Dog learns the bell means it is time to eat.
Operant Conditioning
Organism associates their own actions with consequences.
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Dog learns peeing outside means getting a treat.
A type of associative learning where an organism associates their own actions with consequences.
Behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer.
Behavior is diminished if followed by a punisher.
Sensitivity to PunishmentGive yourself 1 point for a “yes” for each of
the odd-numbered items.
Sensitivity to RewardGive yourself 1 point for a “yes” for each of
the even-numbered items.
Scores range from 0-24 for each scale.Higher scores reflect greater sensitivity to
punishment or reward.
Reinforcer(Reinforcement)Any event that increases or strengthens the
behavior it follows.Tells you what to do.
PunishmentAny event that decreases or weakens the
behavior it follows.Tells you what not to do.
Positive Reinforcement Increasing behaviorBy adding stimuli
Negative Reinforcement Increasing behaviorBy removing stimuli
Positive PunishmentDecreasing behaviorBy adding stimuli
Negative PunishmentDecreasing behaviorBy removing stimuli
Adding or administering a
stimulus
Removing or withdrawing a
stimulus
Increases behavior that follows it
Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
Ex: Getting a hug; receiving a paycheck
Ex:Fastening seatbelt to turn off beeping
Decreases behavior that
follows it
Positive Punishment
Negative Punishment
Ex:Spanking; receiving a parking ticket
Ex:Time-out from privileges; revoked driver’s license
Positive Negative
Reinforcement
Increases behavior it follows by adding
a stimulus
Increases behavior it follows by removing a
stimulus
Ex: Getting a hug; receiving a paycheck
Ex:Fastening seatbelt to turn off beeping
Punishment
Decreases behavior it follows
by adding a stimulus
Decreases behavior it follows
by removing a stimulus
Ex:Spanking; receiving a parking ticket
Ex:Time-out from privileges; revoked driver’s license