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Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
23/4/11
OptiX RTN 600 Networking and Protection
Security Level:INTERNAL
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Study Guide
Before the study on this course, you are supposed to:
Complete the study on the Digital Microwave Communications
Principles or have the relevant knowledge.
Complete the study on the course OptiX RTN 600 Introduction.
Have the general networking knowledge of the SDH optical
transmission network.
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References
OptiX RTN 600 Product Description and OptiX RTN
600 Hardware Description in the OptiX RTN 600
Package of Documents
Digital Microwave Communications Principles
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Training Purpose
Upon completion of this course, you will be
able to:
Describe the network application of the OptiX RTN 600.
List the common networking modes of the OptiX RTN 600.
List the service types and protection schemes supported by
the OptiX RTN 600.
Describe the configuration requirements of the OptiX RTN
600 on each protection scheme.
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX
RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types
1.2 Application
1.3 Networking Modes
2. Services Protection and Equipment Protection
2.1 1+1 Protection
2.2 N+1 Protection
2.3 Others Protection
Adjust Slide
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Network Application
The OptiX RTN 600 radio transmission system is a short haul
digital microwave transmission system. Each radio frequency (RF)
carrier of the RTN 600 system can transmit 2 × E1 、 4 × E1 、 5
× E1 、 8 × E1 、 10 × E1 、 16 × E1 、 22 × E1 、 26 × E1 、 32
× E1 、 35 × E1 、 44 × E1 、 53 × E1 、 E3 、 STM-1 on the
6GHz-38 GHz RF band.
The system provides multiple service interfaces, and it can be
flexibly configured and easily installed. It can form the
transmission network with the optical transmission equipment at
the access layer, and can also provide backhaul links in a mobile
telecommunication network or a private network.
Adjust Slide
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Microwave Station Types Classified by Station Type
Terminal station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services only in one direction.
Relay station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in two directions and is required added to solve the problem existing in the microwave line of sight communication. The relay station is classified into two types, active relay station and passive relay station.
Add/Drop relay station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in two directions and adds/drops transmitted services.
Pivotal station: It refers to the microwave station that transmits services in three or more than three directions and transfers the services in transmission channels in different directions. It is also called the HUB station.
Classified by Transmit and Receive Frequency
Primary station: the transmit frequency is higher than the receive frequency, also named high station.
Non-primary station: the transmit frequency is lower than the receive frequency, also named low station.
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Microwave Station Types (cont.)
Terminal station
f 1’
Terminal stationPivotal
station
Add/Drop Relay station
Relay station
Terminal station
Primary station
Non-primary station
f 1
f 1’
The Primary station and the Non-primary station are usually arranged alternately in the double-frequency radio link.
Primary station
f 1 > f 1’
f 1
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Microwave Station Types - Terminal Station Typical configuration of the OptiX RTN 600 as the
Terminal Station
SL1 slot3PXC slot1
IF1A slot4SCC slot2
slot20 PXC slot3
PXC slot1PH1 slot4SCC slot2
IF1A slot7IF1A slot5
slot8slot6
Adjust Slide
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Microwave Station Types - Terminal Station (cont.) Typical configuration of the OptiX RTN 600 as the
Terminal Station
Adjust Slide
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Microwave Station Types - Relay Station Typical Configuration of the OptiX RTN 600 as the Relay
Station
SLE slot3PXC slot1
IF1A slot4SCC slot2
SLE slot3PXC slot1
IF1A slot4SCC slot2
Cableslot20 PXC slot3
PXC slot1PH1 slot4SCC slot2
IF1A slot7IF1A slot5
slot8SL1 slot6
R2 New Slide
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Microwave Station Type - Pivotal Station
Typical Configuration of the OptiX RTN 600 as the Pivotal station
slot20 PXC slot3
PXC slot1PH1 slot4SCC slot2
IF1A slot7
IF1A slot5
IF1A slot8
SD1 slot6
slot20 PXC slot3
PXC slot1PH1 slot4SCC slot2
IF1A slot7
IF1A slot5
IF1A slot8
IF1A slot6
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX
RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types
1.2 Application
1.3 Networking Modes
2. Services Protection and Equipment Protection
2.1 1+1 Protection
2.2 N+1 Protection
2.3 Others Protection
Adjust Slide
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Microwave Network Topology The following figures show the basic topologies of the microwave
network.
Ring networ
k
Ring networ
k
Chain networ
k
Chain networ
k
Star networ
k
Star networ
k
Tree networ
k
Tree networ
k
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Applications of the OptiX RTN 600 Applications in the Backhaul Network of the Mobile Base
Station
Terminal station in the mobile backhaul network
Mobile backhaul chain network
Mobile backhaul tree network
Applications in the Access Network and Private Network
Microwave access network
Complementary network to the SDH ring network
Ring network formed by microwave equipment and SDH
equipment
Ring network purely formed by microwave equipment
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Applications of the OptiX RTN 600 (cont.) Applications in the Backhaul Network of the Mobile Base Station
Terminal station in the mobile backhaul network
Mobile backhaul chain network
Mobile backhaul tree network
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Applications of the OptiX RTN 600 (cont.) Microwave Access Network
VIP client
Service center
Businesscenter
Other client
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Applications of the OptiX RTN 600 (cont.) Complementary Network to the SDH Ring Network
Radio link
Radio link Radio link
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Applications of the OptiX RTN 600 (cont.) Ring Network Formed by Microwave Equipment and SDH Equipment
User network
User network
User network
User network
User network
User network
User network
Transmission network
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Applications of the OptiX RTN 600 (cont.) Ring Network Purely Formed by Microwave Equipment
User network
User network
User network
User networkUser network
User network
User network
Transmission network
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX
RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types
1.2 Application
1.3 Networking Modes
2. Services Protection and Equipment Protection
2.1 1+1 Protection
2.2 N+1 Protection
2.3 Others Protection
Adjust Slide
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The limitation of Microwave Equipment Interconnection Limitation of ODU
One site is high site ODU, the other site is low site ODU.
The two site form one hop, the ODUs must be the same type and all the ODUs come from the same manufacturer.
Limitation of IDU The same type IDU in two site of one hop, these two site can interconnection
One site use IDU 605, the other site use IDU 610, in this case, these two site cannot interconnection
One sit use IDU 605, the other site use IDU 620, in this case, the IF board be used in IDU 620 must be IF0 board.
Limitation of Clock Source Tracing The clock tracing feature for the IDU 605 is auto-negotiation , it needn’t to be
manual setting
The clock of IDU 620 can not tracing the clock of IDU 605
R2 New Slide
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NetworkingThe OptiX RTN 600 configures different types of indoor units (IDU),
including IDU 610, IDU 620, and IDU 605, to meet the requirements of
different application scenarios, and the OptiX RTN 600 outdoor units
(ODU) can be applied in all the application scenarios.
R2 New Slide
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Point-to-Point Networking
In this networking mode, the services between two nodes are transported over microwave. In a point-to-point network, you can use the IDU 605 1A or IDU 605 1B that provides 1+0 non-protection configuration for the microwave services, or you can use the IDU 605 2B that provides 1+1 protection configuration for the microwave services.
R2 New Slide
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Terminal Stations in a Radio Transmission Network
Services can be transmitted between the NE that uses the IDU 605
and the NE that uses the IDU 620 through microwave. Therefore,
the NE that uses the IDU 605 can function as the terminal station of
a radio transmission network and construct the last hop together
with the NE that uses the IDU 620.
R2 New Slide
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Chain Networking In this networking mode, all the microwave transmission nodes are
connected in series, but the head and tail nodes are not directly
connected.
R2 New Slide
In the chain network, you can replace the IDU 620 used at the terminal stations
with the IDU 605 or IDU 610 according to the requirements of the microwave link
attributes and service interfaces.
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Questions
How many microwave station types can be configured on
the OptiX RTN 600? What are them?
List out four applications of the OptiX RTN 600 in the
transmission network.
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types
1.2 Application
1.3 Networking Modes
2. Services Protection and Equipment Protection
2.1 1+1 Protection
1+1 HSB
1+1 SD 1+1 FD
2.2 N+1 Protection
2.3 Others Protection
Adjust Slide
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1+1HSB Typical ConfigurationR2 New Slide
IDU 620 1+1 HSB Typical configuration IDU 605 2B HSB Typical Configuration
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1+1 Hot Standby Backup (1+1HSB)
Cross-connection board Service
board
ActiveIF Board
ActiveODU
Hybrid couplerAntenna
StandbyIF Board
StandbyODUmut
e
mute
Note: In the case of the IDU 605 2B, the multiplexing sub-unit that is embedded in the IF unit replaces the cross-connect unit of the IDU 620 to realize the dual fed and selective receiving function.
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Description of 1+1 HSB
Switch point The services are switched in the cross-connection board.
Switch condition Automatic switch: IF board hardware fault, ODU hardware fault,
remote failure indication, and microwave frame loss.,
Manual switch: locking, forced, manual, and clearing
Characteristics The active/standby unit has no restrictions on the paired slots.
The switch actions are implemented by the software and
hardware.
The service will be interrupted in the case of switch.
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1+1 SD Typical Configuration
IDU 620 SD Typical Configuration IDU 605 2B SD Typical Configuration
R2 New Slide
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1+1 Space Diversity (1+1 SD)
Cross-connection board Service
board
ActiveIF BoardActive
ODU
Antenna 1
StandbyIF Board
StandbyODU
Antenna 2
Mute
The two built-in IF units of the IDU 605 2B realize the functions of two IF boards of the IDU 620. The multiplexing sub-unit that is embedded in the IF unit of the IDU 605 2B realizes the functions of the cross-connect board of the IDU 620.
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1+1FD Typical Configuration
IDU 620 FD Typical Configuration IDU 605 2B FD Typical Configuration
R2 New Slide
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1+1 Frequency Diversity (1+1 FD)
Cross-connectionboard Service
board
ActiveIF Board
ActiveODU
HybridAntenna
StandbyIF Board
StandbyODUtf2
rf2
tf1
rf1
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Space Frequency Diversity (1+1 SD+FD)
Cross-connectionboard Service
board
ActiveIF Board
ActiveODU
Antenna 1
StandbyIF board
StandbyODU
Antenna 2
tf2
rf2
tf1rf1
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Description of Hitless Switch (HSM) Switch point
The services are switched on the IF board.
Switch condition Automatic switch: microwave frame loss, microwave signal
loss, microwave bit error , and the HSB switch triggers HSM receives forcibly the services from standby board.
Manual switch: Force switch, clear.
Characteristics The Active /standby IF board must in paired slots.
Switch is implemented by hardware.
Service has no interruption during switch.
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Reverse Switch
Introduction When the system fails to detect the hardware faults in the
transmission direction, the HSB and SD cannot be triggered.
Switch condition Remote site detecting the failure and send RDI to local site to
trigger the HSB or SD switch.
Characteristics It is only configured in the case of HSB or SD.
Through the service detection, all the hardware faults in the transmission direction can be protected.
Fail to accurately differentiate the hardware fault and external fading. After the fading, the repeated switch may be caused.
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Summary of the Microwave Protection Schemes
Protection
Scheme
Configuration Requirement Switching Condition Service
Interruptio
n
Switchin
g Point
1+1 HSB In general, one antenna is used.
There is no special requirement on the paired slot.
The sub-band of the main and standby ODUs must be the same.
Hardware fault of the IF unit and ODU unit, MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, R_LOF and MW_RDI
The service interruption time is less than 1s.
Cross-connect unit
1+1 SD Two antennas must be used.
There is the requirement on the paired slot.
The sub-band of the main and standby ODUs must be the same.
The conditions triggering the 1+1 SD protection switching is the service fault.
In this case, the MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, and R_LOF are not counted as the conditions triggering the HSB switching.
The services are not interrupted.
IF unit
1+1 FD One or two antennas can be used.
There is the requirement on the paired slot.
The sub-band of the main and standby ODUs should be different.
The condition triggering the 1+1 FD protection switching is the service fault.
In this case, the MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC, and R_LOF are not counted as the conditions triggering the HSB switching.
The services are not interrupted.
IF unit
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN
600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types
1.2 Application
1.3 Networking Modes
2. Services Protection and Equipment Protection
2.1 1+1 Protection
2.2 N+1 Protection
2.3 Others Protection
Adjust Slide
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Feature Description
The protection type of N+1 protection is similar to the dual-
ended revertive switching mode of 1:N linear multiplex section
protection, which provide one protection channel, N working
channels, and the protection channel transport extra service.
The ODUs must adopt the separate mounting mode due to the
limitations of the dual-polarized antenna.
N+1 protection is available in two configuration modes: 2+1
protection configuration and 3+1 protection configuration. As
the 3+1 protection configuration is complexity, it is not
recommend configuring 3+1 protection.
R2 New Slide
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2+1 Protection ConfigurationR2 New Slide
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2+1 Protection Configuration
Realization principle of 2+1 protection (before the switching)
before the switching
after the switching
R2 New Slide
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3+1 Protection ConfigurationR2 New Slide
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3+1 Protection ConfigurationR2 New Slide
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3+1 Protection ConfigurationR2 New Slide
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Limitations of N+1 Protection
The limitations of N+1 protection are as follows:
N+1 protection supports only the STM-1 radio working mode.
The IDU must be the IDU 620.
The ODUs must adopt the separate mounting mode due to the
limitations of the dual-polarized antenna.
R2 New Slide
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Relation with Other Features
The N+1 protection is related to the 1+1 protection
configuration, , and SNCP feature.
The members of an N+1 protection group cannot be
configured with 1+1 protection.
The radio link with N+1 protection configuration can work
only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot
work as the working source or protection source.
R2 New Slide
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REG Function
In the case of 3+1 protection, you need to configure REGs for
the secondary NE.
When a MW_LOF or REG section alarm( include R_LOS 、 R_LOC 、
R_LOF) is generated, the REG inserts an MS-AIS alarm instead of
AU_AIS alarm. The N+1 protection switching will be triggered.
R2 New Slide
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Table of Contents
1. Network Application and Networking Modes of the OptiX RTN 600
1.1 Network Application and Station Types
1.2 Application
1.3 Networking Modes
2. Services Protection and Equipment Protection
2.1 1+1 Protection
2.2 N+1 Protection
2.3 Others Protection
SNCP
LMSP
RMSP
PXC Active/Standby Protection
Adjust Slide
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SNCP SNCP stands for the sub-network connection protection. The protection is
performed when the signal fail or are degraded. SNCP adopts the 1+1 single-end
switching and does not require the support of the protocol.
The conditions triggering the higher order SNCP include R_LOS 、 R_LOF 、 MW_LOF 、
MW_LIM 、 MS_AIS 、 B2_EXC 、 R_LOC 、 AU_AIS 、 AU_LOP 、 HP_LOM . The
optional conditions triggering the higher order SNCP include HP_TIM, HP_UNEQ,
B3_EXC and B3_SD.
The required conditions triggering the lower order SNCP include the TU_AIS and
TU_LOP. The optional conditions triggering the lower order SNCP include the
LP_TIM, LP_UNEQ, LP_SLM, BIP_EXC, and BIP_SD.
The service interruption time in the SNCP switching is less than 50 ms.
The source board in an SNCP pair must be the line board or the IF board.
If the IF board is configured in one 1+1 protection group, it cannot be configured
as the source board of one SNCP pair.
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SNCP (cont.)
Active Standby
Selective receiving of services
Bidirectional transmission of services
A
B
C
D
The SNCP is shown in the following figure. Services are transmitted
bidirectionally at NE A. The path that passes through NE B is the active path.
The path that passes through NE D is the standby path. In the normal state, NE C selectively receives the services from the
active path. In the switching state, NE C selectively receives the services from the
standby path.
Adjust Slide
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SNCP (cont.)
SNCP has different relationships with different protection features.
The MSP line can work only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair and cannot work as the working source or protection source.
The radio link with 1+1 protection configuration can work only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source.
The radio link with N+1 protection configuration can work only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source.
The radio link with XPIC configuration can work only as the service sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source.
R2 New Slide
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LMSP ( Linear Multiplex Section Protection ) The linear MSP is applicable to point-to-point physical networks.
Linear MSP provides protection for the services between two
nodes at the multiplex section level.
The OptiX IDU 610 supports a maximum of two linear MSP
groups for the STM-1 optical/electrical line. The OptiX IDU 620
supports a maximum of five linear MSP groups, or a combination
of three linear MSP groups for the optical/electrical line and one
STM-4 linear MSP group.
R2 New Slide
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LMSP - Protection Type
Linear MSP can be classified in terms of the protection mechanism,
switching mode, and revertive mode.
In terms of the protection mechanism
1+1 Protection (Dedicated protection)
1:N Protection (Shared protection)
In terms of the switching mode
Single-ended switching
Dual-ended switching
In terms of the revertive mode
Revertive mode
Non-revertive mode
R2 New Slide
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LMSP - Protection Type
linear MSP is classified into the following eight modes:
1+1 dual-ended revertive mode 1:N dual-ended revertive mode
1+1 dual-ended non-revertive mode 1:N dual-ended non-revertive
mode
1+1 single-ended revertive mode 1:N single-ended revertive mode
1+1 single-ended non-revertive mode 1:N single-ended non-revertive
mode
The OptiX RTN 600 supports the following five linear MSP modes:
1+1 dual-ended revertive mode
1+1 dual-ended non-revertive mode
1+1 single-ended revertive mode
1+1 single-ended non-revertive mode
1:N (N≤3) dual-ended revertive mode
R2 New Slide
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LMSP - Realization Principle
The 1+1 linear MSP adopts
the dual fed and selective
receiving mechanism to
realize the switching.
R2 New Slide
before the switching
after the switching, in the single-ended mode after the switching, in the dual-ended mode
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LMSP - Realization Principle
The 1:N linear MSP adopts the automatic bridging
mechanism to realize the switching.
R2 New Slide
before the switching after the switching
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LMSP - Feature Description Linear MSP can be triggered by local SF conditions, local SD conditions, and local
external switching requests. In the dual-ended mode, the local NE can perform switching according to byte K from the NE at the opposite end.
The SD is an optional switching condition. You can specify whether to use the SD as a switching condition on the NMS. By default, the SD switching condition is used.
If two switching conditions exist on a channel at the same time, the switching of higher priority preempts the channel.
External switching commands include the switching clear commands, which are the clear lockout command, clear forced switching command, clear manual switching command, clear exercise switching command, clear WTR state command, and clear all command.
If an NE needs to perform switching according to byte K from the NE at the opposite end, the NE determines the switching priority according to the bridge request code contained in byte K.
Within the linear MSP switching time (shorter than 50 ms), services are interrupted.
The line that is configured with linear MSP can work only as the sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source.
The line that is configured with linear MSP cannot be configured to form an MSP ring.
R2 New Slide
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Two-Fiber Bidirectional Ring MSP ( RMSP ) The two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP scheme is applicable to an
SDH ring network of the STM-4 or higher level formed by fibers,
and provides protection at the MS level for services between the
nodes of a ring network.
The IDU 620 supports a maximum of one STM-4 two-fiber
bidirectional MSP ring.
Only the SL4 support RMSP configured.
R2 New Slide
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RMSP - Protection Type The two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP has the following
characteristics in terms of the protection type: A ring network uses two fibers. One fiber is used to receive signals and
the other fiber is used to transmit signals.
Services are received and transmitted on the same route.
The normal services between different nodes share the protection channel. The protection channel can be used to transfer extra services.
The two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP adopts the revertive mode. That is, an NE that is in the switching state releases the switching and enables the former working channel to return to the working state some time after the former working channel is restored to normal. The period from the time the former working channel is restored to normal until the time the NE releases the switching is called the wait-to-restore (WTR) time. To prevent frequent switching events due to an unstable working channel, it is recommended that you set the WTR time to five to twelve minutes.
R2 New Slide
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RMSP - Realization Principle The two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP adopts the automatic
bridging mechanism between working channels and protection
channels to realize the switching.
before the switching
R2 New Slide
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RMSP - Realization PrincipleR2 New Slide
after the switching
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RMSP - Feature Description
Two-fiber bidirectional ring MSP can be triggered by local SF conditions, local SD conditions, local external switching requests, and byte K sent from the node on another ring network.
Within the MSP switching time (shorter than 50 ms), services are interrupted. Extra services are interrupted within the period from the time normal services are switched to the protection channel until the time the services are restored to the working channel.
The line of a two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring cannot be configured with linear MSP.
The line of a two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring can work only as the sink of an SNCP service pair, and cannot work as the working source or protection source.
R2 New Slide
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PXC Active/Standby Protection In the normal state, the active and standby PXC work in the hot standby mode.
When the active unit is abnormal, the standby unit replace the original active
one to providing the cross-connect and clock functions to the entire system.
The conditions triggering the PXC active/standby protection include the loss of
the 38M system clock and the hardware failure.
The conditions triggering the situation that the service unit selects the PXC
include loss of the system clock, loss of the service frame header, loss of the
overhead clock, and loss of the overhead frame header.
The service interruption time in the PXC active/standby switching within 50
ms.
Only the OptiX RTN 620 supports the PXC active/standby protection. When the
slots 1 and 3 are both configured with the cross-connect and clock board PXC,
this protection is automatically enabled.
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PXC Active/Standby Protection (cont.)
Cross-connect and clock unit
1
Service unit
3
Service signal
Service signal and clock signal
Service signal
Clock signal
• In the normal state
1
3
• In the switching state
Service unit
Cross-connect and clock unit
Cross-connect and clock unit
Clock signal
Service signal
Service signal Cross-connect and clock unit
Service signal and clock signal
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 67Page 67
Protection Type Relation with IDU
IDU 605 IDU 620 IDU 610
SNCP Not support support support
1 + 1 FD support * support Not support
1 + 1 SD support * support Not support
1+1 HSB support * support Not support
N+1 Not support support Not support
PXC Active/Standby Protection
Not support support Not support
Power 1+1 Protection
support support Not support
RMSP Not support support Not support
LMSP Not support support support
R2 New Slide
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 68Page 68
Summary
Service and Equipment Protection Schemes Supported by the
OptiX RTN 600
1+1 HSB
1+1 SD
1+1 FD
N+1 Protection
SNCP
LMSP
RMSP
PXC active/standby Protection
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