ORAL PATHOLOGY
• INFECTIONS: HSV, VIRAL, FUNGI• LEUKOPLAKIA/”• SQUAMOUS TUMORS:• ODONTOGENIC
CYSTS/TUMORS
Aphthous ulcer
Aphthous ulcer. Single ulceration with an erythematous halo surrounding a yellowish fibrinopurulent membrane.
Oral Pathology Skin diseases can affect oral mucosa
Lichen planus Erythema multiforme
Pemphigus vulgarisPemphigoid.
Pigmentation of lip & oral mucosa.Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Oral Pathology
Polypoid nodules in the mouth• Pyogenic granuloma.
• Fibroepithelial polyp
Leukoplakia.
Sq C Ca.
PYOGENIC
GRANULOMA
Pyogenic granuloma. Erythematous, hemorrhagic, and exophytic mass arising from the gingival mucosa
• Leukoplakia is defined by the WHO as;
• “a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off and cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease.”
• Erythroplakia (red area), associated with a greater risk of malignant transformation than leukoplakia.
• 40 and 70 years, 2 : 1 male preponderance. • Tobacco is the most common risk factor for
leukoplakia and erythroplakia.
the sites of origin of Sq C Ca of the oral cavity, in numerical order of frequency
the favored locations are the ventral surface of the tongue, floor of the mouth, lower lip, soft palate, and gingiva
ODONTOGENICCYSTS/TUMORS
• INFLAMMATORY CYSTS (e.g., “Radicular”[periapical] most common)
• DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS• MALIGNANT TUMORS of ODONTOGENIC ORIGIN
(AMELOBLASTOMAS) (rare)
Odontogenic Cysts• Epithelial-lined cysts are common in the jaws • derived from remnants of odontogenic epithelium present within the jaws. • these cysts are;1. inflammatory or 2. developmental
Salivary glands
DISEASES OF SALIVARY GLANDS
• Xerostomia• autoimmune disorder Sj ِgren syndrome• Rtx• Drugs; anticholinergic, antidepressant/ antipsychotic,
diuretic, antihypertensive, sedative, muscle relaxant, analgesic, & antihistaminic agents
• dental caries & candidiasis, difficulty in swallowing & speaking
Oral Pathology
Salivary glands tumors;• are mostly Benign & affect parotid.parotid.
- “Pleomorphic adenoma” or “ Mixed tumor”
- Adenolymphoma or “Warthin’s tumor” of parotid.
• Malignant; • Affect Minor salivary glands.
• “Mucoepidermoid ca”.
• “Adenoid cystic carcinoma”
• Others.
Pleomorphic Adenoma• This neoplasm is
typically encapsulated, although tumor islands may be found within the fibrous capsule.
Warthin's Tumor
• Warthin's tumor (benign papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)
• the second most common benign tumor of the parotid gland
Mucoepidermoid Ca.
• MECs contain two major elements:
• mucin-producing cells and epithelial cells of the epidermoid variety
• Divided into low-grade (well differentiated), & High-grade (poorly differentiated).
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma with Swiss cheese pattern.
• It is the second-most common malignant tumor of the salivary glands.
• ACC is the most common malignant tumor found in the submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary glands.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
• Nerve (N) invaded by adenoid cystic carcinoma (the blue area surrounding the nerve).
• Spread may occur by emboli along the nerve lymphatics
• Behcet's (beh-CHETS) disease, also called Behcet's syndrome, is a rare disorder that causes inflammation in blood vessels.
• The signs and symptoms of Behcet's disease — which may include mouth sores, eye inflammation, skin rashes and lesions, and genital sores — vary from person to person and may come and go on their own.
• The exact cause of Behcet's is unknown, but it may be an autoimmune disorder,
• Both genetic and environmental factors may be responsible for Behcet's disease.
• Treatment aims to reduce the signs and symptoms of Behcet's disease and to prevent serious complications, such as blindness.