Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 1
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 2
Overview of the two daysDay One
8.30am Registration and coffee8.45am Welcome and workshop overview
Max Wilson and Andrew Bryson, ACFIPS
9.00am Session I: Fundamentals of fibre opticsFrom 2500 BC to 2011 AD: The key steps.
Session II: Principles of optical communication10.15am Morning tea10.30 am Session III:
Optical fibre types and optical networksFibre to the home and industrial networks
12.00pm Lunch12.45pm Session IV:
LAN and TelecommunicationsFusion and mechanical splicing
2.45pm Afternoon tea3.00pm Session V
Factors affecting loss in ribbon fibreMeasuring methods
Day Two
8.30am Review and recap day one9.00am Session I:
Cable Preparation, Enclosures and RacksConnecting and patching with fibre
10.30am Morning tea10.45am Session II: Inspection and Testing
12.00pm Lunch12.45pm Session lll:
Fusing and splicing ribbon fibreSafe practice for fusing and splicingAll participants will have access to fusion slicing equipment
2.45pm Afternoon tea3.00pm Session IV:
Ribbonizing fiber and course review
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 3
AusOptic international– Established in 1994– Specializing in Fiber Optics– Wide range of optical products– Regional responsibility for Fitel
splicing equipment– Local Complete service of Fitel
fusion splicers– Local programming of SFP/XFP– Product training on OTDR’s, Power
meters, Fusion splicers – Full support for all products– Major brands, Anritsu, JDSU, Fitel,
Juniper, Cisco, Ideal, Miller, Norland, Nanometer, forte.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Fundamentals of Fiber Optics
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 5
History1841Daniel Colladon demonstrates light guiding in jet of water
120 years later we have lasers
By 1970 we finally have fiber that have a low enough attenuation to be of use in communications
2010 The technologies keep coming giving us better distances , more stable systems and greater capacity.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 6
Key Components• Optical transmitters• Optical receivers• Optical fibers • Dispersion compensating modules‐• Fiber amplifiers• Optical filters, fiber Bragg gratings and couplers• Optical switches and multiplexers, reconfigurable
optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs)• Devices for signal regeneration• Various kinds of electronics e.g. for signal
processing and monitoring• Computers and software to control the system
operation
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 7
Communication Networks
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 8
Communication Networks
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 9
Communication Networks
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 10
Communication Networks
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 11
Communication Networks
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 12
Communication Networks
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
from sand to a light pipe
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 14
from sand to a light pipeSilicon dioxide – SiO2
One of our most abundant oxide in the worlds crustAs a point of interest Australia has a major producer “Simcoa Operations” in Western Australia.
Silicon production commenced in December 1989. Today Simcoa is capable of producing in excess of 33,000 tonnes of high purity silicon annually.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 15
from sand to a light pipe
From is molten state glass can be
produced with rapid cooling.
Preforms manufactured using Vapour Deposition
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 16
from sand to a light pipeDraw towers convert the preform into the fiber
before coating, preforms can make up to 30 km of fiber from one preform.
When Telstra rolled out its network we had two draw towers in production. Today we only have research (small production) towers in Australia.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 17
fiber types
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 18
fiber configuration
The 125um raw fiber is coated wth 250um buffer first then 900um for cord and raiser applications. In ribbon it is only coated with 250um prior to bonding or lamination
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 19
Cable StructuresFour main types of Ribbon Cable
Loose tube
Slotted
Uni Tube
Patch Cord
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 20
Cable Preparation
Cable preparation varies with depending on the manufacturer and the type of cable. The video from Prysmian is a resent run and give you a good idea
of the accepted practice.
Prysmian Cable preparation video
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Connections in the Optical Network
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 22
Connections in the NetworkTypical connection we have are Patch leads at both ends of the network, Fusion splicing in Universal enclosures, Field Pluggable network connections, Central
office or exchange Pigtails.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 23
Connections in the Network
Starting at the Exchange, Central office or Field Access Node we have mass spliced
pigtails in the racks
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 24
Connections in the NetworkThe pigtails are presented on a ribbon fiber which enables us to splice 12 pigtails at a time.
In the case of a 144 pigtails it would take about the same time as 10 single fiber pigtails.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 25
Connections in the Network
The Design of enclosure to suit Ribbon fiber has posed a few problems. Basically the fiber can not
be laid up the same way as single fiber loose tube, ribbon does not have the same flexibility, as such corning took a new approach with the
“spine” while others have designed new tray to accommodate the ribbon, in all cases the storage
area once used to provide extra cable now accommodates fiber from the tray.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 26
Connections in the Network
Optitip and Optitap are a field ruggedized connection that is being used in FTTH
While some applications need the tube fanned out in the rack, the unit shown has individual tubes for each fiber.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
The Fusion Splice
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Fusion Splicing
Splicing Technology• First Cladding Alignment Splicer
by Fujikura 1977• First LID alignment splicer by
Siemens 1984• First PAS alignment Splicer by
Fujikura 1985
28
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 29
Fusion SplicingMichelson interference fringes give us a method to measure the shape and angle of the cleave.Polished ends are also show the effect of the glass being chipped by the blade.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Fusion Splicing
Arc being vied from inside chamber plus a view of the screen
30
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Fusion Splicing
SM to BBSX splice on splicer screen and tri electrode arc
31
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Fusion Splicing
Ribbon fiber positioned in a wide even temperature zone for even splicing across all fibers.
32
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Fusion Splicing
Aligning Method: Passive
33
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Fusion Splicing
Aligning Method: Active
34
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Fusion SplicingTypes of Splicing systems
35
• Large fiber splicing• High strength splicing• Core alignment with fiber
rotation• Core alignment• Active cladding alignment • Cladding alignment
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Mechanical Splice
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 37
Mechanical Splice
Ribbon Mechanical splices have been around for a decade, may suit emergency repairs or connections requiring a fast low set up cost solution
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
types of connectors
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 39
types of connectors
Connectors, flat and radius
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 40
types of connectors
MPO/MTP
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 41
types of connectors
MPO/MTP ruggedized for field pluggable applications
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 42
types of connectors
MPO/MTP inspection and cleaning
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Loss on Optical Fiber
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 44
Loss on Optical Fiber Rayleigh scattering - Scattering of light caused by index of refraction variations in the
submicroscopic structure of the glass. Absorption -A physical mechanism in fibers that attenuates light by converting it in to heat Manufacturing irregularities - Such as geometric variations in core diameter or circularity,
voids in the glass, defects at the core-cladding interface, and imperfect application of dopants, can cause scattering loss. However, these regularities are usually negligible in present day fibers.
Microbending - Curvatures of the fiber that involve axial displacements of a few micrometers and spatial wavelength of a few millimeters. Microbends cause loss of light and consequently increase the attenuation of the fiber. Loss due to microscopic bends in the fiber.
Macrobending - Macroscopic axial deviation of a fiber from a straight line, in contrast to microbending. Loss due to large bends in the fiber.
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Loss on Optical Fiber
Factors that influence the loss in a Fusion Splice
45
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Optical Testing
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Optical Testing
Power Meter
47
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Optical TestingOTDR
48
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Optical TestingFiber or Traffic Identifier and VFL
49
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Tooling: Ribbon Fiber and Cable
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 51
Tooling: Ribbon Fiber and Cable
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks
Tooling: Ribbon Fiber and Cable
52
Optical Ribbon Fiber in today’s networks 53
Thank you