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PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE INDEXwww.kemitraan.or.id/govindex
www.kemitraan.or.id
PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE INDEXAn Overview
www.kemitraan.or.id/govindex
Presented at the World BankJakarta, 15 February 2010
A Brief Background: Why Partnership Governance Index?
Governance quality is important for poverty reduction and other MDGs
Nation wide reform initiative
Regional autonomy led to a varying quality of governance
Indonesia needs objective assessment of governance
The Goals
To Provide a comprehensive and methodologically robust assessment of governance performance in all provinces.
Specifically, it will provide:
1. Profile of each province’s governance performance
2. Overall ranking of all provinces
3. Ranking of provinces based on arenas of governance
4. A wealth of data on specific indicators of governance
Uniqueness and strength of PGI
Assessment of all provinces Allow comparison between provinces on equal
terms Robust methodology Consist of many actionable indicators Covers all arenas of governance
Developing the index
Mapping existing studies, evaluations, assessments on governance in Indonesia and abroad
Extensive consultation with “experts,” stakeholders, and beneficieries on substantive and methodological issues
Long deliberation by team (scholars and experts)
The Conceptual Framework (1)
Governance process of policy making
policy implementation through interaction between state, civil society, and economy
based on certain principles
The Conceptual Framework (2)
Arena of GovernanceGovernment (Political Office), Bureaucracy, Civil Society, and Economic Society
Principles of GovernanceParticipation, Transparency, Fairness, Accountability, Efficiency, and Effectiveness
The Conceptual Framework (3)
Good Governance Matrix
Participation
Transparency
Fairness Account-ability
Efficiency Effectiveness
Government
Bureaucracy
Civil Society
Economic Society
Selecting themes/functions and
Indicators to be measured
“not all important things can be measured and not all that can be measured are important” -- Einstein
Themes and indicators are carefully selected, based on: Significance Relevance Discriminating power Availability of data Commonality across provinces
Arena Themes/FunctionNumber of Indicators
Government Regulatory Framework 9
Budget Allocation 14
Coordination of Development 10
Bureaucracy Revenue Collection 6
Public Services 8
Regulating Economy 6
Economic Society Tender dan Implementation of Government Projects
9
Civil Society Advocacy 13
Total number of indicators 75
Governance Themes and
Number of Indicators
PGI Structure
IndeksGood Governance
Angka IndeksGoverment
Angka IndeksBirokrasi
Angka IndeksCivil society
Angka IndeksEconomic society
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Transparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Transparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Transparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Transparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
IndeksGood Governance
Angka IndeksGoverment
Angka IndeksBirokrasi
Angka IndeksCivil society
Angka IndeksEconomic society
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Transparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Transparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Transparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Participation
Fairness
Accountability
Transparency
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Weighting arenas, principles, indicators
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine weight of arena, principle, and indicator
pair-ways comparison between indicators, principles, arenas The resulting weight of arenas:
Government (34.4%) Bureaucracy (27.4%) Civil Society (24.9%) Economic Society (14.2%)
Weight of arenas
Weight of principles
0.096 0.0900.208
0.100
0.167 0.141
0.150
0.197
0.2290.228
0.1980.212
0.2420.220
0.1990.191
0.1240.156
0.1130.157
0.143 0.165 0.132 0.143
GOVERNMENT(.344)
BUREAUCRACY(.274)
CIVIL SOCIETY(.249)
ECONOMICSOCIETY (.142)
EFFECTIVENESSEFFICIENCY TRANSPARANCY ACCOUNTABILITY FAIRNESS PARTICIPATION
METHOD (1)
Data Type Objective Data: Statistics and records of
activities
Data gathered through structured interviews with “well informed persons” persons with expertise in one or more arena of governance; they are selected purposively
METHOD (2)
Source of Objective Data • Most recent revenue and expenditure budget and related
documents (RPJMD, RKPD, Prolegda, KUA, Nota Keuangan, PPAS, LKPJ)
• Records of coordination meeting• Records of visits by Parliamentary commissions to districts/cities• Financial Audit (BPK Audit)• HDI• Tax and retribution potentials and realization• Provincial statistics (population, number of poor people,
unemployment rate/number, PDRB, gini ratio, purchasing parity index, health statistics, educational statistics, and others).
Location of dataNo. Source Location Objective WIP
1. Bureaucracy BPS √√
Dinas kesehatan √√ √√
Dinas pendidikan √√ √√
Dinas sosial √√ √√
Dinas PU √√ √√
Dispenda √√ √√
Disnaker √√ √√
Kesbanglinmas √√
Bappeda √√ √√
BKPMD √√ √√
Sekretariat Provinsi √√ √√
BPK √√
BPKP √√
Kantor Pajak √√ √√
2. Parliament Sekretariat DPRD √√ √√
Komisi-komisi √√
3 Civil society Pengurus atau pelaksana CSO √√ √√
4. Economic society Kadinda √√
Gepensi √√
HIPMI √√
5. Academe + Dosen, peneliti √√
6. Media Wartawan √√
Data to index
Reading the Index
1. Index ranges from 1 to 10
2. 1 is the lowest and 10 the highest
Democratic Governance Profile:Some Examples
Papua Barat: Overall Governance Index: 4.4
Index Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness
Government 3.9 5.5 2.6 5.4 2.8 3.3 4.4
Bureaucracy 4.0 5.3 5.3 1.0 2.5 5.7 6.8
Civil Society 5.4 4.0 7.0 7.0 3.9 5.8 4.9
Economic Society 4.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 1.0 5.5
Gorontalo Province Overall Governance Index: 5.5
Indeks Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness
Government 6.0 5.5 1.6 8.9 5.8 7.5 6.1
Bureaucracy 7.0 7.5 5.6 10.0 4.7 7.0 7.0
Civil Society 3.9 4.0 7.0 5.3 1.0 1.0 4.9
Economic Society 4.3 5.5 4.0 5.5 1.0 5.5 5.5
Sumatra Barat Province Overall Governance Index: 6.0
Indeks Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness
Government 5.4 6.3 1.8 8.3 3.6 5.5 7.0
Bureaucracy 5.9 2.4 7.9 6.7 4.9 4.5 7.3
Civil Society 6.6 5.2 5.9 7.8 10.0 4.1 4.8
Economic Society 6.6 8.3 7.0 7.4 10.0 1.0 5.5
Democratic Governance Profile: Sumatra Barat Province
Sumatra Barat Province Overall Governance Index: 6.0
Indeks Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness
Government 5.4 6.3 1.8 8.3 3.6 5.5 7.0
Bureaucracy 5.9 2.4 7.9 6.7 4.9 4.5 7.3
Civil Society 6.6 5.2 5.9 7.8 10.0 4.1 4.8
Economic Society 6.6 8.3 7.0 7.4 10.0 1.0 5.5
Democratic Governance Profile:Gorontalo Province
Gorontalo Province Overall Governance Index: 5.5
Indeks Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness
Government 6.0 5.5 1.6 8.9 5.8 7.5 6.1
Bureaucracy 7.0 7.5 5.6 10.0 4.7 7.0 7.0
Civil Society 3.9 4.0 7.0 5.3 1.0 1.0 4.9
Economic Society 4.3 5.5 4.0 5.5 1.0 5.5 5.5
Democratic Governance Profile:West Papua Province
Papua Barat: Overall Governance Index: 4.4
Index Arena Participation Fairness Accountability Tranparency Efficiency Effectiveness
Government 3.9 5.5 2.6 5.4 2.8 3.3 4.4
Bureaucracy 4.0 5.3 5.3 1.0 2.5 5.7 6.8
Civil Society 5.4 4.0 7.0 7.0 3.9 5.8 4.9
Economic Society 4.5 5.5 4.0 5.5 5.5 1.0 5.5
Government Fairness Index:Sumbar, Gorontalo, and West Papua
Sumbar Gorontalo Papbar
FAIRNESS 1.8 1.6 2.6
Anggaran AP8D utk kesehatan (non belanja pegawai perkapita dibagi indeks kemahalan 2.4
1.2 4.2
Anggaran di APBD untuk penanganan kemiskinan perkapita terhadap indeks kemahalan 1.5
1.2 1.4
Anggaran APBD bidang pendidikan perkapita terhadap indeks kemahalan 1.2 1.8
2.7
Tingkat dskriminasi koordinasi gubernur terhadap kab/kota 10 10.0
7
Government Accountability Index:Sumbar, Gorontalo, and West Papua
Sumbar Gorontalo Papbar
ACCOUNTABILITY 8.3 6.9 5.4
Kesesuaian Prioritas Pemb di APBD thd RPJMD 10 10.0 7
Realisasi Pengesahan Perda dibandingkan Jml Program Legislasi Daerah 7.2
10.0 2.4
Rasio APBD Perubahan thd APBD tanpa Adanya Perubahan Asumsi Dasar, dll 8.1
7.1 9
Ketepatan Waktu Pengesahan Perda APBD 10 10.0 1
Tingkat penggunakan fungsi-fungsi kontrol DPRD terhadap Gubernur 4 7.0 4
Laporan hasil kunjungan kerja gubernur 10 10.0 5.5
Laporan hasil kunjungan kerja anggota DPRD 10 7.8 5.5
Government Transparency Index:Sumbar, Gorontalo, and West Papua
Sumbar Gorontalo Papbar
TRANSPARENCY 3.6 5.8 2.8
Ada lidaknya publikasi PERDA dan PerGub yang bisa diakses secara lengkap melalui web 5.5
5.5 5.5
Publikasi KUA (Kebijakan Umum anggaran Nota Keuangan, dan PPAS (Prioritas dan Plafon Anggaran Sementara) Web 1
7.0 1
Publikasi APBD provinsi di web 1 5.5 1
Publikasi Pergub APBD provinsi d web 1 5.5 1
Publikasi pertanggungjawaban APBD di website 1 5.5 1
Akses publik terhadap informasi hasil-hasil rapat koordinasi antara gubernur dg Kab/Kota 1
5.5 5.5
Akses publik terhadap informasi hasil-hasil rapat koordinasi antara Gubernur dan DPRD 10
5.5 5.5
New Province vs. “Original” Province
Performance Comparison:Government and Bureaucracy
Performance Comparison:Government and Bureaucracy
Index By Arena
1.94
2.59
2.88
3.44
3.53
3.63
3.81
3.91
3.91
4.00
4.19
4.19
4.28
4.75
4.75
5.13
5.31
5.41
5.59
6.16
6.34
6.53
6.63
6.63
7.00
7.28
7.28
7.28
7.56
7.75
8.31
8.31
9.16
Bali
Nusa Tenggara Barat
Banten
Kalimantan Barat
Riau
bangka Belitung
Sumatera utara
Sulawesi Utara
Papua Barat
Kalimantan Selatan
Kalimantan Timur
DKI Jakarta
Jawa Timur
Jawa Tengah
Jawa Barat
DI Yogyakarta
Nanggro Aceh D
Papua
maluku Utara
Sulawesi Barat
Kepulauan Riau
Jambi
Sulawesi Tengah
Lampung
Bengkulu
Sulawesi Selatan
Maluku
Kalimantan Tengah
Nusa Tenggara Timur
Sumatera Selatan
Sumatera Barat
Gorontalo
Sulawesi utara
Gender Balance Index
PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI and HDI
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
PG
I
HDI
r = 0.31*
PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI - Government Index and
Human Development Index
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
HDI
Go
vt I
nd
ex
r = 0.21*
PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI – Bureaucracy Index and
Human Development Index
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
60 65 70 75 80
HDI
Bu
reau
In
dex
r = 0.35**
PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI – Bureaucracy and
Poverty
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Bur
eau
Inde
x
P ov erty
r = - 0.38**
PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of Government – Accountability and
Human Development Index
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
Acc
ount
abili
ty
HDI
r = 0.03
PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of Government - Accountability and
Poverty
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Acc
ount
abili
ty
P ov erty
r = - 0.12
PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of Government - Transparency and
Poverty
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
Tran
spar
ency
HDI
r = 0.39**
PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of Government – Transparency and
APM
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
50 55 60 65 70 75 80
Tra
nsp
aren
cy
AP M
r = 0.45***
PGI and Other MeasuresCorrelation of PGI – Government Fairness and HDI
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
Fai
rnes
s
HDI
r = 0.52***