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Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements.
It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction and mining industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many workplaces.
It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed, it is important to remember that safety issues in general and jobsites specifically will require a great deal of site- or hazard-specificity – a “one size fits all” approach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.
No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods of remediation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of the employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work.
It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their audiences.
Areas of particular concern (or especially suited to discussion) have additional information provided in the “notes” section of slides throughout the program…as a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent in those photos particularly.
Scope of StandardPermissible PracticeRespirator ProgramProgram ElementsQuestions & Answers
Applicable to:General Industry (1910)Shipyards (1915)Marine Terminals (1917)Longshoring (1918)Construction (1926)
Elimination/SubstitutionEngineering Controls
EnclosuresConfinement of OperationsVentilation
Administrative ControlsWorker/Job RotationTraining & Education
Personal Protective EquipmentRespiratory Protection
When effective engineering controls are not feasible
While engineering controls are being implemented
During maintenance and repair operationsDuring emergency use
If respirator use is necessary or required by the employer:
A written program must be developed with work-site specific proceduresProgram must be updated when work-site changes
with respirator useA program administrator must be designated
Must be qualified through training or experience to perform the following:Conduct evaluationsAdminister or oversee program
Respirators must be provided as well as training and medical evaluations (NO COST TO EMPLOYEE)
If respirator use is not required by the employer:Respirators may be provided to or by employees if
use does not cause any harm or create any hazardsIf voluntary use is permissibleUsers must be provided with Appendix D by
employerWritten program must be established and
implemented to ensure user safety and proper use
Note: A written program is not required with the voluntary use of filtering facepieces (dust masks)
DefinitionsSelectionMedical EvaluationFit TestingUse Maintenance and CareBreathing Air Quality and UseTrainingProgram Evaluation
Employer must select and provide an appropriate respirator based on respiratory hazards worker is exposed to, workplace and user factorsRespirator shall be certified by NIOSH and used in
compliance with certificationIdentification and Evaluation of Respiratory Hazards
Nature of Contaminant/Contaminant InvolvedEstimate of employee exposure
If there is no basis or adequate information for employee exposure assessment, assume IDLH
Contaminant’s chemical and physical stateHuman capabilitiesWork condition
Select respirators from a sufficient number of models/sizes
An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible health effects or would impair an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphereOxygen Deficient AtmosphereToxic Levels that exceed the Permissible
Exposure Limit
If an IDLH atmosphere exists, select:A full facepiece pressure demand SCBA certified
by NIOSH for 30 minutes minimum service life orA combination full facepiece pressure demand
Supplied Air Respirator orEscape-only respirators from IDLH atmospheres
shall be NIOSH certified for escape from the atmosphere in which they will be used
Note: Employers may use any atmosphere supplying respirator provided they can demonstrate oxygen levels are maintained at 19.5% and 16% partial pressure equivalent
For protection against gases and vapors, employers must provide:An atmosphere-supplying respiratorAn air-purifying respirator, provided that:
Respirator is equipped with ELSI (End of Service Life Indicator) certified by NIOSH for that contaminant
Change-out schedule is provided for canisters and cartridges based on objective data that will ensure they will be changed before end-of-service life when there is no ESLIEmployer must describe information and
data with basis for change schedule
For protection against particulates, employers must provide:An atmosphere supplying respiratorAn air-purifying respirator equipped with
HEPA filters certified by NIOSH or with filters certified by NIOSH for particulates
An air-purifying respirator equipped with any filter certified for particulates by NIOSH for contaminants consisting primarily of particles with mass median aerodynamic diameters of at least 2 micrometers
Levels of filter efficiency are 95%, 99%, and 99.97%Number is dependent on how much filter
leakage can be acceptedCategories of resistance to filter efficiency
degradation are labeled N, P and RN ~ Not resistant to OilR ~ Resistant to OILP ~ Oil-Proof
If no oil particles are present, use any of the aboveIf oil particles are present, use only R or PIf oil particles are present and the filter is to be used
for more than one work shift, use only P series
Must be provided to determine the employee’s ability to use a respirator
Must be completed before fit testing and useA PLHCP must be identified to perform medical
evaluations through:A medical questionnaireInitial medical examination
The medical evaluation must obtain information requested in Appendix C Part A Sections 1 and 2
Follow-up medical examination is required when:Employee answers “Yes” to Question 1 - 8 in Section
2, Part A of Appendix C Initial medical examination demonstrates need for
follow-up
Annual review of medical status is not requiredMedical evaluations must be provided at a
minimum if:Employee reports medical signs or symptoms
related to the ability to use a respiratorPLHCP, supervisor or Program Administrator
informs employer of employee reevaluation Information from respirator program indicates a
need for reevaluationProgram evaluationObservations made during fit testing
Changes in workplace conditions may increase physiological burden
Employee must be fit tested with same, make, model, and size of respirator that will be used before any use commences with a positive or negative pressure tight fitting facepiece
Employees must pass a Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) or a Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT)Prior to initial useWhenever different respirator is usedAt least annually thereafter
Additional fit test must be conducted when the employee’s physical condition changes that could affect fit of respiratorFacial scarringDental ChangesCosmetic SurgeryChange in Body Weight
A pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of the respirator fit. This test relies on the individual’s response to the test agent
May only be used to fit test negative pressure APR’s that must achieve a fit factor of 100 or less
Testing agents include:Isoamyl AcetateSaccharinBitrexIrritant Smoke
Assessment of the adequacy of the respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator
If fit factor is determined to be equal to or greater than 100 for tight fitting half facepieces or equal to or greater than 500 for tight fitting full facepieces, the QNFT has been passed with that respirator
Fit Factor = Concentration of Substance in Ambient Air Concentration inside respirator when worn
Employees that wear tight fitting respirators shall not have facial hair or any condition that interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal or valve function
Corrective glasses or goggles must not interfere with the face-to-facepiece seal
Positive and Negative Seal Checks must be performed each time the respirator is donnedFollow procedures in Appendix B-1
The effectiveness of the respirator must be evaluated through appropriate surveillance of the work area conditions and the degree of exposure or stress
Employees must leave the respirator use area:To wash their faces and respirators as necessaryIf gas or vapor breakthrough is detectedIf breathing resistance is detectedIf there is leakage of the facepieceTo replace respirator, filter, cartridge or canister
Employee cannot re-enter area until respirator is replaced or repaired
Provide each user with a respirator that is clean, sanitary and in good working order
Follow Appendix B-2 or manufacturer’s recommendations
Clean and disinfect as follows:As often as necessary when issued for exclusive
useBefore being worn by different individuals when
issued to more than one employeeAfter each use for emergency respirators and those
used in fit testing and training
Protect from:SunlightDamage ContaminationDustExtreme temperaturesExcessive moistureDamaging chemicals
Stored to prevent deformity
Before use and during cleaningAll respirators used in emergencies will be
inspected monthlyEmergency escape - Before going into area
Compressed breathing air must meet at least the requirements for Type 1- Grade D air as described in ANSI/CGA G-7.1-1989 which requires:Oxygen content of 19.5 - 23.5%Hydrocarbon content of 5 mg/m3 of air or lessCO content of 10 ppm or lessCO2 content of 1,000 ppm or lessLack of noticeable odor
Compressors must be equipped with suitable in-line air purifying sorbent beds and filters that must be maintained and replaced per the manufacturer
Must be labeled and color coded with the NIOSH approval label. The label must not be removed and must remain
legible“TC” number is no longer on cartridges or filtersMarked with NIOSH, manufacturer’s name, and
part number an abbreviation to indicate cartridge or filter type (N95, P100, etc.)
At least one employee located outside of IDLH area. For firefighters it’s two in two out.
Visual, voice or signal line communication is maintained between employees in and outside of IDLH areas at all times.
Employees outside of IDLH are trained and equipped to provide effective emergency rescue.
The employer is notified before rescue enters IDLH.
Rescue to have:SCBARetrieval Equipment or equivalent
Employers must provide effective training to employees who are required to use respirators
Employees must be trained so that they can demonstrate knowledge of at least the following:Why respirator is necessaryHow improper fit, maintenance or use can compromise
its protective effectLimitations and capabilities of the respiratorEffective use in emergency situationsHow to inspect, put on/remove, use and check the sealsMaintenance and storageRecognition of medical and signs and symptoms that
may limit or prevent effective useGeneral requirements of this standard
Must be provided prior to useException: If acceptable training has been
provided by another employer within the past 12 months
Retraining is required annually and when:Changes in the workplace or type of respirator
render previous training obsoleteInadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or useAny situation in which retraining is necessary
Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not required by this standard or by the employer
Must conduct evaluations of the workplace as necessary to ensure effective program implementation
Must regularly consult employees required to use respirators to assess their views on program effectiveness and to identify and correct any problems
Factors to be assessed:Respirator Fit Appropriate SelectionProper UseProper Maintenance
Records of medical evaluations must be retained and made available per 29 CFR 1010.1020
A record of fit tests must be established and retained until the next fit test is administered
A written copy of the current program must be retained
Written material required to be retained must be made available upon request to affected employees and OSHA