Memory & Pharmacology
AbdulQadir J. Nashwan
Road MapEtymology & Pharmacology
• Company or Manufacture• Drug’s Action or Effect• Pharmacokinetics• Origin & Structure
General Rules
Pharmacology Mnemonics
AmikacinHydrocortisone
Candesartan
Gentamicin
ErythromycinHeparin
DoxorubicinDiusemide ®
Cefepime ®
Zinacef ®
Glucophage ®
Capoten ®
Lescol ®
Allerfin ®
Adalat ®
Actilyse ®Lasix ®
Amoclan ®Tazocin ®
Ciprodar ®
NifedipineMorphine
Atropine
Angiotic ®
Hypoten ®
Lipitor ®
StreptokinaseClopram ®
Actrapid ®
Atrovent ®
Imuran ®
Pk-Merz ®Famodar ®
Atacand ®
Hypopress ®Hyposec ®
Inhibace ®Ciprodar ®
Capoten ®
Etymology & Football !!?
Etymology: Example
dar as-sina'ah Arzenale Arsenal
Arabic Italian English
Heroin
German word Heroisch
perceived “Heroic" effects
Morphine
Greek God of DreamMorpheus
perceived “Delirium" effects
Atropine
Italian wordAtropa belladonna
“Fair Lady”
Pupil Dilation (Mydriasis)
Doxorubicin
French word Ruby (rubis)
Adriamycin ® from the Adriatic Sea
Lipitor ®
Lipid
Atorvastatin
Medical uses:
• Dyslipidemia ( Lipids & Cholesterol)
• Cardiovascular disease (CHD, Stroke)
• Lipitor, is a member of the drug class ended
by vastatin
• Action: inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (an enzyme found in liver tissue that plays a key role in production of cholesterol in the body).
Lasix ®
Lasts Six hours
Intravenous and oral Lasix ® lasts Two to Six hours
Atrovent ®
Ipratropium
Similar to Atropine
Ventilation
Used as a Bronchodilator for Asthma & COPD
Plavix ®
Anti-Platelets
Used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Works by irreversibly inhibiting adenosine diphosphate ADP chemoreceptor.
Diprivan ®
Diisopropyl Intravenous Anesthetic
“Milk Anesthesia”
“Milk of Amnesia"
• Intravenous (IV)
• Anesthetic NOT Analgesic
• Sedative & Hypnotic
• Short-acting
Was a contributing factor in Jackson's
death in 2009
Hypoten ®
Hypotension
Scientific Name: Atenolol
Examples:
Propranolol
Timolol
Esmolol
MetoprololBeta blocker
Produce
( Blood Pressure )
Hyposec ®
Hypo = decrease
HCL (stomach) secretions
Secretions
Scientific Name: Omeprazole
Examples:
Lansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole
Esomeprazole
Pantoprazole
Rabeprazole
ProtonPumpInhibitors(PPI’s)
Other Brand Names
Prilosec ®
Losec ®
Streptokinase
Streptococcus Bacteria
IMPORTANT: Used with caution in patients with a history of recent (5 to 6
months) Streptococcal Infection because they may have antibodies against the
drug resulting in increased resistance to its action.
Kinase = Enzyme
Brand Name
Streptase ®
Isolated from
Navoban ®
Nausea
Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist
Vomiting
Scientific Name: Tropisetron
Examples:
Ondansetron (Zofran ®)
Granisetron
Palonosetron
Dolasetron
identified by the suffix –setron
Antiemetic to treat
following Chemotherapy
Another Brand Name: Setrovel ®
Ban = prohibit or prevent
Nimbex ®
Neuro
• Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular
Blocking Agent
Muscular
Scientific Name: Cisatracurium Besilate
Examples:
Atracurium (Tracrium ®)
Doxacurium (Nuromax ®)
Mivacurium (Mivacron ®)
identified by the suffix –acurium
BlockerExcellent
Important Tips:
• Mechanical Ventilation
• Adjunct to Anesthesia
• NOT Analgesic !!
• Produce Hypotension due
to Histamine Release
Ultiva ®
Total Intravenous AnesthesiaUltraShort acting
Scientific Name: Remifentanil
Examples:
Alfentanil (Alfenta®)
Sufentanil (Sufenta®)
Carfentanil (Wildnil ®)
Lofentanil
Fentanyl Analogues
• Analgesic & Anesthetic
• 100 times more potent than Morphine
General RulesCompany or Manufacture
Drug’s Action or Effect
Pharmacokinetics
Origin & Structure
Company or Manufacture
Ciprodar ®
Pharmaclor ®
HIKMA Midazolam
®
PK-Merz ®
Hypoten ®
Capoten ®
Angiotic ®
Inhibiace ®
Hypopress ®
ExamplesDrug’s Action or Effect
Diusemide ®
Lescol ®
Allerfin ®
Histop ®
Lipitor ®
ExamplesDrug’s Action or Effect
Atrovent ®
ExamplesDrug’s Action or Effect
Atacand ®
Hyposec ®
Tazocin ®
Amoclan ®
Lasix ®
Actrapid ®
Panadol ® Fast
Pharmacokinetics
Streptokinase
Adrenaline
HeparinZinacef ®
Hydrocortisone ®
Origin & Structure
Pharmacology Mnemonics
ALONE
Epinephrine
Naloxone
Oxygen
Lidocaine
Atropine
• SalivationS• LacrimationL• UrinationU• DigestionD• DefecationD• BronchoconstrictionB
Vagal Stimulation = Bradycardia
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Atropine
Dry Mouth
Dry Eye
Urinary Retention
Constipation
Constipation
Bronchodilation
Tachycardia
Atropine
• Miosis (pin point pupil)M• Orthostatic hypotensionO• Respiratory depressionR• Physical dependencyP• Histamine releaseH• Increased ICPI• NauseaN• EuphoriaE• SedationS
Morphine Pharmacology Mnemonics
• MetronidazoleM• Chloramphenico
lC• Aminoglycoside
s A• TetracyclinesT
Antibiotics Contraindicated During Pregnancy
Hepatic Failure
Gray Baby Syndrome
Ototoxicity
Teeth Discoloration & Liver Failure
*
* Relatively Contraindicated & Others like Nitrofurantoin , Quinolones and Sulfonamides
Alprazolam Xanax ® Peak:1-2 hoursHalf-life: 6-12 hoursAnxiolytic
DiazepamValium ® Peak: 1-2 hours Half-life: 20-100 hours Anxiolytic AnticonvulsantMuscle relaxant
LorazepamAtivan ® Peak: 2-4 hours Half-life: 10-20 hours Anxiolytic Anticonvulsant
Midazolam Dormicum ® Peak: 0.5-1 hoursHalf-life: 1.8-6 hoursHypnotic
FlumazenilAnexate ® Antidote for benzodiazepines
Pharmacology Handbook for Clinical Practice ®