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Ph bnh song ng Ngn
Hin Php 2013 ca Vit Nam
THE PEOPLES FORCE TO SAVE VIETNAM
L C L NG D N T C C U NGUY T QUC
(Zuc) Tang Duc Dao
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Lut S o Tng DcLut S o Tng DcLut S o Tng Dc
Song ngngn
of the 2013 Vietnamese Constitution
LC LNG DN TC CU NGUY T QUC
The Peoples Force to Save Vietnam
Pht hnh 2014
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A Short Bi-Lingual Critiqueof the 2013 Vietnamese Constitution
(Together with an English translation of the complete constitution)
(Zuc) Tang Duc Dao, Solicitor
Ph bnh song ng NgnHin Php 2013 ca Vit Nam
(Cng bn dch Anh Ng ton b hin php)Lut S o Tng Dc
(c) Copyright Dao, Tang Duc 2014All rights reserved. However, subject to giving due recognition to particulars of author and
publication (such as name of author, edition and publisher), the author consents to the use,
publication and dissemination by all interested parties, by any means including in print or
electronically of this book, without any restrictions and without any financial obligations to the
author and publisher.
(c) Bn Quyn o Tng Dc 2014
Tc gi gi tan b bnquyn. Tuy nhin, vi iu kin phi cng nhn v ghi r chi tit v tcgi v xut bn (nh tn h tc gi, n bn v ngi xut bn) tc gi ng mi s s dng,xut bn v ph bin do nhng thnh phn quan tm, bng mi phng tin, k c in n hocin t, cun sch ny, khng gii hn, v khng b rng buc bi nhng trch nhim ti chnhi vi tc gi v ngi xut bn.
National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data:
o Tng Dc
Bibliography
IBSN 978-0-9872880-3-5
1.
Constitutional law- Vietnam 2. Pluralism (Social sciences)Vietnam.
2. Rule of law- Vietnam 4. Democracy- Vietnam. I. Title
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Gii thiu:
Vit Nam khi u th k 21. Nhngquc gia ln cn, nht l nhng quc giacng mt di sn vn ha nh Nam Hn,
Nht Bn, iLoan hoc Singapore thcs vt tin v kinh t v chin thng cti, thc dn v s ngho kh tt cng.
Th m Vit Nam vn m chm di scnng ca s bn hn, tham nhng v mt
ch chnh tr b bt lm con tin cho mt thc h cng sn vn b nhn loi vnminh vt vo st rc.
Ngi Vit l mt dn tc thng minh, nhmt phn c chng minh qua thnh quca cc hc sinh hi ngoi khi cnh tranhtrn trng quc t, v qua s thnh cngvt bc ca cng ng hi ngoi khp nitrn th gii. Tuy nhin cng ng dn tcti qu nh li b ln bi sau nhiu thp nindi s cai tr sai lm ca ng CSVN.
Nhn ng CSVN va ban hnh bn HinPhp 2013, c tu chnh t Hin Php1992, Lc Lng Dn Tc Cu Nguy TQuc yu cu LutS o Tng Dc ti
c i Li thc hin bn ph bnh phn tchHin Php ny nh mt phn ca mt chindch ph huynthoi v ho quang quynlc v tnh chnh ng m CSVN xydng cho mnh qua nhiu thp nin nhi s
Preface:
Vietnam is well into the twenty first century.Other nations in its neighborhood, especially
those with the same cultural heritage such as
South Korea, Japan, Taiwan or Singapore hav
truly surged ahead economically and have
triumphed over dictatorships, colonialism and
abject poverty. Yet Vietnam as a nation still
lingers under the weight of poverty, corruptio
and a political regime hostage to a communist
ideology that has been discarded by the rest o
civilized humanity.
The Vietnamese people are an intelligent
people, as evidenced in part by the
performance of its overseas students, in
international competitions, and by the
outstanding success of its Diaspora all over th
world. But the national community at homehas been retarded by decades of misrule by th
Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV).
On the occasion of the promulgation of the
2013 Constitution, an amended version of the
1992 Constitution, by the CPV, the PeoplesForce to Save Vietnam has commissioned
(Zuc) Tang Duc Dao, an Australian lawyer, to
undertake a critical analysis of this new
constitution as part of a campaign to demystif
the aura of power and legitimacy the CPV has
built around it through decades of political
indoctrination and propaganda. This work has
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v tuyn truyn. Cng tc ny c chia lm3 giai on:
1.
Mt bn chuyn dch Anh Ng tonb hin php. Bn dch ny cn cphn bit vi bn dch ca VinQucT v Chuyn i Dn Ch v BuC (IDEA) v bn dch do Quc HiVit Nam xut bn, c ng ti trncc trang mng lin h.
2. Mt ph bnh song ng ngn bn Hin
Php 2013 ch trng mt s imthen cht, trong khi ch i mt bn
phn tch y ang c tc gison tho.
3. Sau l mt bn phn tch song ngy nh cp trn.
Lc Lng tin tngrng, s ha gii
huyn thoi v ng CSVN v phi byHin Php 2013 nh l mt cng c cng cc ti khng hn khng km, cho c cngng Vit Nam ln cng ng quc t, sgpphn tch cc vo tin trnh chuyn hadn ch ti Vit Nam.
Lc Lng Dn Tc Cu Nguy T Quc
been sub-divided into 3 stages:
1.
An authentic translation into English ofthe complete constitution. This version
is to be distinguished from the version
published by the International Institute
for Democratic and Electoral Change
(IDEA) and from the version published
by the Vietnamese National Assembly,
on their respective websites.
2.
A short bi-lingual critique of the 2013Constitution focusing on a few key
points, pending a more comprehensive
analysis being undertaken by the autho
3. A comprehensive bi-lingual analysis to
follow as mentioned above.
The Peoples Force to Save Vietnam is
convinced that the demystification of the CPVand exposure of the 2013 Constitution as no
more and no less than an instrument to
consolidate dictatorship, to both the
Vietnamese and international communities,
will make a positive contribution to the proce
of democratic change in Vietnam.
The Peoples Force to Save Vietnam
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Hin Php Vit Nam Nm 2013
S kin 28 Thng 11, 2013
l mt ngy lch s i vi dn tc VitNam v nhng l do t hi. Quc Hi VitNam, vi gn 100% i biu l ng vinng CSVN (ng) thng qua Hin Php2013, m khng c nhng ci thin v nhnquyn v dn ch, em li nim tht vngcho nhn dn ca quc gia bt hnh ny. as tn thnh hin php mi c tnh p o
n mc khi hi v bin nim dn chchn chnh thnh mt tr h: 486 trn 488i biu tn thnh.
Theo tin trnh quy nh, Hin Php 2013bt u c hiu lc t ngy 1 thng Ging2014, Dng Lch.
Phn tch cc im then cht ca Hin
Php 2013.
Khi ng CSVN cng khai ru rao nh tuchnh hin php 1992 vi mc tiu i mithm, nht l khi Ch Tch Quc Hi
Nguyn Sinh Hng minh th tuyn b rngtt c mi thnh phn x hi s c thamkho kin, nhiu ngi hy vng s cnhng ci tin v dn ch. Tuy nhin nim
hy vng b dp tt khng thng tic.
Vietnams 2013 constitution
What happened on 28/11/13.
It was a historic day for Vietnam for all the
wrong reasons. The Vietnamese National
Assembly, with close to 100% of deputies
being members of the Communist Party of
Vietnam (CPV) approved the 2013
constitution, with no improvement on human
rights and democracy and to the
disappointment of the people of this
unfortunate nation. The majority approving thnew constitution was so overwhelming it
became ridiculous and made a mockery of tru
democracy: 486 over 488 deputies approved.
The 2013 constitution is scheduled to take
effect from 1 January 2014.
Analysis of key points of the 2013
constitution:
When the CPV announced its intention to
amend the 1992 constitution with a view to
promote further changes, especially when the
National Assembly President Nguyen Sinh
Hung made it clear that the people as well as
all sections of society would be consulted,
there were high hopes that democratic change
would occur. However, these hopes were
cruelly dashed.
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I. Quyn Lc Tuyt i, vnh vin v
v iukin cho ng CSVN:
ng quyt nh khng nhng duy tr mcn cng c h thng c ng qua vic tihin nh ha tinh thn ca iu 4 hin phpc nh sau:
iu 4
1. ng Cng sn Vit Nam- i tinphong ca giai cp cng nhn, ng thi li tin phong caNhn dn lao ng vca dn tc Vit Nam, i biu trung thnhli ch ca giai cp cng nhn,Nhn dn laong v ca c dn tc, ly ch ngha Mc Lnin v t tng H Ch Minh lm nntng t tngl lc lng lnh o Nhnc v x hi.
Qua tc ng hin nh ha iu 4 trong
Hin Php hu tip tc nm gi quyn lcchnh tr min trng vnh vin v v iukin, ng CSVN l nguyn hnh l hinthn ca nhng ch c ti tn bo nhtca nhn loi ng i.
Quan im ny cngc cng c thm nuchng ta duyt li ngun gc tht s caiu 4 hin php:
Vo ngy 14 thng 7 nm 1933 nh c tiHitler cng b b lut ngy 26 thng 5 nm1933. iu khon lin h c vit nh sau:
ng Quc Gia Lao ng c (tc ng
I.
Absolute, eternal and unconditionalpower to the CPV:
The CPV has chosen to retain and indeedconsolidate the current one party system
through the re-enactment of the essence of
article 4 as follows:
Article 4:
The Communist Party of Vietnam- the
vanguard of the proletariat, as well as the
vanguard of the working people and of the
whole nation, the faithful representative of the
interests of the proletariat, working people an
the whole nation, adopting Marxism-Leninism
and the thoughts of Ho Chi Minh as foundatio
of thoughts, is the force leading the state ansociety (emphasis ours).
By making sure that the constitution, through
article 4, continues to provide for it to be inpolitical power for eternity and
unconditionally, the CPV reveals itself as the
re-incarnation of the most brutal dictatorships
the modern world has ever known.
This perception is reinforced if we review the
true history of article 4:
On 14 July 1933 Hitler proclaimed the law of26 May 1933. The relevant section of the law
reads:
The German Nationalist Workers Party (TheNazi Party) constitutes the only political party
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Quc X)l ng chnh tr duy nht caquc gia c. Bt c k no nui dng cutrc t chc mt chnh ng khc, hoc
thnh lp mt chnh ng mi, s b n khsai cho n 3 nm hoc b t t 6 thng n3 nm, tr khi hnh vi ny c th b nhnghnh pht nng hn do nhng lut khc
Theo Hitler th Tt c cc ng chnh tru b hy dit. y l mt bin c c tnhlch s m nhng hu qu cha o lngcng (Quc X) tr thnh ngngha vi nh nc v mi quyn lc thucv nh nc.
Sau 3 nm, hnh ng to bo ny caHitler tm c s ng cm ni mt nhc ti khc ca Lin X. Tht vy nm1936, Stalin bt chc v hin nh hatrong Hin Php 1936 ca Lin Bang X
Vit mt iu khon tng t nh lut caHitler, tc iu 126 ca Hin Php Stalin.iu 126 vit nh sau:
ng CSLX l: i tin phong ca giai cplao ng trong cng cuc u tranh cng cv pht trin h thng x hi ch ngha v lct li lnh o ca mi t chc nhn dnlao ng, bao gm qun chng v nh nc
iu khon ny ca hin php c Stalins dng tiu dit tt c nhng ng phikhc.
Vo nm 1977, iu 126 c thay th bi
of Germany. Whoever nurtures the
organizational structure of another political
party, or establishes a new political party, wil
be subject to penal punishment up to threeyears or imprisoned from 6 months to 3 years
unless such conduct is subject to other more
severe penalties by other laws
According to Hitler, All political parties areabolished. This is a historic event the
consequences of which are still unknown...the
Party has become synonymous with
government and all powers to the
government.
Three years later, this daring act by Hitler
found resonance in another dictator of the
Soviet Union. Thus in 1936, Stalin enshrined
the equivalent of Hitlers law into the SovietConstitution of 1936 (the Stalin Constitution)
via article 126 which reads:
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union
(CPSV) is "the vanguard of the working peop
in their struggle to strengthen and develop the
socialist system and is the leading core(emphasis ours) of all organizations of the
working people, both public and state."
This article was used by Stalin to ban all other
political parties.
In 1977, article 126 was replaced by article 6
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iu 6 c vit nh sau:
ng CSLX l:
Lc lng lnh o v hng dn ca xhi Lin X v ct li ca h thng chnhtr, ca tt c mi t chc nh nc vqun chng, l ng CSLX. ng CSLXhin hu v dn v phc v nhn dn. ngCS, trang b bng ch thuyt Mc L quytnh hng tin ca pht trin x hi v nhhng cc chnh sch i ni ln i ngoi
ca Lin Bang X Vit, iu hnh nhngcng tc xy dng v i ca nhn dn LinX, v tim nhp mt yu tnh k hoch, hthng v thc cht l thuyt, vo cng cucu tranh em li chin thng cho Cng SnCh Ngha.
Tt c mi t chc ng hot ng trongkhun kh ca Hin Php Lin Bang X
Vit
Chnh v th, khi chng ta duyt xt iu4 ca Hin Php 2013, chng ta nhnthc r rt nh hng ca c Hitler lnStalin.
i vi mt chnh quyn minh th l k thak di sn ca c Hitler v Stalin, th vic
c bu vo Hi ng Nhn Quyn caLin Hip Quc l mt s nhc cho cc nim dn ch v tnh thin ca nhn loi.
Chng ti kin ngh rng Quc Hi Hoa
which reads:
The CPSU is defined as:
The leading and guiding force (emphasisours)of the Soviet society and the nucleus ofits political system, of all state organizations
and public organizations, is the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU exists fo
the people and serves the people. The
Communist Party, armed with Marxism-
Leninism, determines the general perspectives
of the development of society and the course the home and foreign policy of the USSR,
directs the great constructive work of the
Soviet people, and imparts a planned,
systematic and theoretically substantiated
character to their struggle for the victory of
communism.
All party organizations shall function within
the framework of the Constitution of the
USSR.
Thus when we look at article 4 of the 2013constitution of Vietnam, we can clearly seein it the influence of both Hitler and Stalin
For a government that is clearly the heir to the
legacies of both Hitler and Stalin, to be electe
to the Human Rights Council of the UnitedNations, makes a mockery of democracy and
human decency.
We submit that Vietnams standing on
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K v nhng nh ch chnh tr tng tti cc quc gia dn ch khc, cn duytxt li tiu chun tn trng nhn quyn
ca (nh nc Cng Sn) Vit nam, trongmc tiu c nhng bin php i phthch ng v c th.
II.Vit Nam khng th tim danh tiu
chun kinh t th trng:
Vit Nam, di s lnh o ca ngCSVN, c php gia nhp nhiu nn kinh
t th trng nh th trng Hoa K, thtrng Lin Hip u Chu v nhiu t chcmu dch quc t nh WTO, APEC
Tuy nhin, Hin Php 2013, mt ln nachng minh rng ng CSVN khng h c nh vo sn chi mt cch lng thin quacc quy lut quc t.
iu 51 ti xc nh r rt:Nn kinh t Vit Nam l nn kinh t thtrng nh hng x hi ch ngha vinhiu hnh thc s hu, nhiu thnh phnkinh t; kinh t nh nc gi vai tr cho.
iu khon trn ca Hin Php em li hu
qu tt nhin l kinh t quc doanh s thnglnh th trng, bt chp nhng thiu hiunng, tham nhng v lng ph m ngay c
bo ch quc doanh cng phi ln ting kuca.
human rights should be given renewedscrutiny by the US Congress and equivalenpolitical institutions in other democratic
nations with a view to take appropriate andconcrete corrective action.
II.
Vietnam cannot lay claim to the statuof market economy:
Vietnam, under CPV control, has been grante
access to various free market economies such
as the USA market, the European Unionmarket and various international trade
organizations such as WTO, APEC...
However, the 2013 constitution, once again
makes it very clear that the CPV has no
intention of playing honestly by international
rules.
Article 51 clearly reiterates:
Vietnams economy is a market economywith socialist orientations, with many forms oownership, many economic sectors: stateownership plays the leading role.(Emphasis ours)
The above provision ensures that the economi
sector, under government ownership, plays th
leading role in the economy, despite the
inefficiencies, corruption and waste loudly
decried even in tightly controlled state media.
The CPV is acutely aware that political power
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ng CSVN thc su sc rng quyn lcchnh tr t n khng th tuyt i, tr khih c kh nng bin th cng qu. Chnh v
th, qua cc doanh nghip nh nc, h cth chuyn ti chnh ca cng vo nhngdoanh nghip t nhn do nhng ng vinCSVN cao cp lm ch.
Qua mu dch vi Hoa K, Vit Nam thngd hng nm trn $13 t m kim. S tinny c th c bin th vo tay cc ngvin cao cp, lm cho chnh h hoc b conhoc con chu h tr thnh nhng triu phsng cuc sng vng gi ti Vit Nam vhingoi.
nh hng x hi ch ngha c cng cthm bi iu 53 ca hin php.
iu 53 vit:
t ai, ti nguyn nc, ti nguynkhong sn, ngun li vng bin, vngtri, ti nguyn thin nhin khc v cc tisn do Nh nc u t, qun l l ti sncng thuc s hu ton dn do Nh nc idin ch s hu v thng nht qun l.
H ly ca iu 53 tht bao trm. Mt cchtng qut, iu 53 gi nh l tt c mi ti
sn thuc v nhn dn. Tuy nhin bi vnhn dn mt cch tng qut ch l mt nim tru tng, ngi qun l (dm chonhn dn) l nh nc v trong tnh hung, nh nc tr thnh ch nhn tht s vi
alone cannot be absolute, unless they can
siphon funds from the public coffers. Thus,
through government controlled businesses,
they can transfer public funds into privatebusiness entities owned by high ranking
members of the CPV.
Through trade with the USA, Vietnam ran int
huge surpluses exceeding $US13 billion per
year. This money could be easily siphoned int
the hands of high ranking members of the
CPV, making many of them or their relativesor off-springs into millionaires living lavish
lives both in Vietnam and overseas.
The socialist orientation of the economy is
further consolidated by article 53.
Indeed Article 53 reads:
Land, water resources, mineral resources,
marine resources, airspace resources, othernatural resources and wealth invested andmanaged by the state are common properties
belonging to the whole people, managed by thstate representing the owners and uniformlymanaged by the state.
The implications of article 53 are all-
encompassing. It sweepingly dictates that all
properties belong to the people. Since thepeople as a whole is only an abstraction, the
manager (on behalf of the people) is the
government and the government becomes the
real owner with actual power. Thus through
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tt c mi quyn lc thc t. Do qua iu53, ng CSVN, trn thc t l nh nctrng cu nh vo iu 4 hin php, kim
sot mi ti nguyn quc gia.
Chng ti kin ngh rng tiu chun kinht th trng ca Vit Nam cn phi cti duyt xt hu Quc Hi Hoa K vnhng nh ch chnh tr tng t ti ccquc gia dn ch khc, c th rt li scng nhn ca mnh v hnh php HoaK v nhng chnh quyn dn ch khcc nhng bin php thch ng chnhn.
III. S ti thng ca hin php nh
l cn bn ca mi nn dn ch:
ng CSVN ng trn c hin php v ngngoi vng kim ta ca mi lut php qucgia:
Tht vy, nh l mt quc gia, Hoa K trthnh lnh o ca th gii dn ch v HoaK ch trng tn trng v tr ti thng cahin php.
Vo nm 1803, chnh n Ti Cao Php VinHoa K Marshall, trong phin x lng danhMarbury v. Madison phn nh sau:
Nh th, vn t ca Hin Php Hoa K xcnh v cng c cho nguyn tc, coi nh lctli ca tt c mi hin php thnh vn, l
bt c mt lut php no ngc li vi Hin
article 53, the CPV which is in effect the
government in perpetuity thanks to article 4,
controls all resources.
We submit that Vietnams status as amarket economy be reviewed with a viewfor the US Congress and equivalent politicainstitutions in other democratic nations towithdraw recognition and for the USGovernment and other democraticgovernments to take appropriate correctivemeasures.
III.
Constitutional supremacy as thebasis of all democracies:
The CPV stands above the constitution and
completely beyond the reach of the laws of th
land:
Indeed, as a nation, America has become the
leader of the democratic world because it has
championed constitutional supremacy.
In 1803, Chief Justice Marshall of the Suprem
Court of the US, in the famous case of
Marbury v. Madison made the following
ruling:
Thus, the particular phraseology of theConstitution of the United States confirms and
strengthens the principle, supposed to be
essential to all written constitutions, that a law
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Php l v hiu lc, v cc ta n, cng nhcc b ngnh, u b rng buc bi phngtin ny
T khi , quy lut ny p dng cho tt cmi nn dn ch tn tin.
Mun iu ny xy ra, nguyn tc phnquyn ca Montesquieu cn c hin nhha trong hin php. Quyn hnh php,quyn lp php v quyn t php phi clp vi nhau. Thm vo , quan im tnh
ti thng ca hin php cn phi quy nhr rt, cng nh phi quy nh s hin huca mt nh ch c thm quyn quyt nhrng mt sc lut hay mt tc ng ca hnh
php, c hp hin hay khng.
iu ny khng xy ra trong bn hinphp 2013 do ng CSVN vit ln.
ng CSVN c nhng bin php sau y ph hoi tnh ti thng ca hin php:
Trc ht, qua iu 4 hin php, ng spxp chc chn khng c i lp no c
bu vo Quc Hi hoc c cu nh nc vng kim sot tuyt i c 3 ngnh cachnh quyn.
Th hai, ng khng cho php tronghinphp s hin din ca quan im phnquyn gia cc nghnh trong nh nc.
Th ba, Ta n Ti Cao Nhn Dn khngc thm quyn phn xt v tnh hp hin hay
repugnant to the Constitution is void, and that
courts, as well as other departments, are boun
by that instrument.
Since then, this rule applies to all modern
democracies.
For this to happen, Montesquieus principle oseparation of powers must be enshrined in the
constitution. The executive power, the
legislative power and the judicial power shall
be independent of each other. In addition, the
concept of supremacy of the constitution musbe clearly provided for as well as the provisio
of an institution to decide on whether a law or
an act of the executive may or may not be
constitutional.
That is not the case with the 2013 constitution
as engineered by the CPV.
The CPV has taken the following steps tothwart constitutional supremacy:
First through article 4, it makes sure that there
are no oppositions ever to be elected to
National Assembly or any government bodies
and it controls absolutely all three branches of
government.
Second, it makes sure that there are noprovisions for separation of powers between
branches of government.
Third, the Peoples Supreme Court has nojurisdiction over the constitutionality of laws
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vi hin ca ca cc sc lut hoc tc ngca hnh php.
Th t, hu nh khng c iu khonnotrong hin php r rt quy nh mt thc thno c trch nhim ring bit quyt nh vtnh hp hin hoc vi hin ca mt sc luthoc tc ng ca hnh php.
Ch c cc iu khon sau y lin h tnhiu n Tnh hp hin hay vi hin:
iu 70:Quc hi c nhng nhim v v quyn hnsau y:
1. Lm Hin php v sa i Hin php; lmlut v sa i lut;
11. Bi b vn bn ca Ch tch nc, Uban thng v Quc hi, Chnh ph, Th
tng Chnh ph, To n nhn dn ti cao,Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao tri viHin php, lut, ngh quyt ca Quchi;
iu 74
U ban thng v Quc hi c nhngnhim v v quyn hn sau y:1. T chc vic chun b, triu tp v ch trk hp Quc hi;2.Ra php lnh v nhng vn c Quchi giao;gii thch Hin php, lut, php
or acts of the executive.
Fourth, there appears to be no provisions in th
constitution which clearly provides for anentity to be charged with the exclusive
responsibility of deciding on the
constitutionality or otherwise of a law or an a
of the executive.
Only the following articles of theconstitution mention something touching oconstitutionality:
Article 70:
The National Assembly has the followingresponsibilities and powers:
1. To enact the constitution and amend theconstitution; to legislate and amend laws;
11. To abolish documents by the state
president, the National Assembly Standing
Committee, executive government, primeminister of the executive government, PeopleSupreme Court, Peoples Supreme Procuracywhich are contrary to the constitution, lawsand resolutions of The NationalAssembly.(Emphasis ours)
Article 74:
The Standing Committee of the NationalAssembly has the following responsibilitiesand powers:1.To organize the preparation, convening andchairing of sessions of the National Assembly2.To make regulations relative to issues
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lnh;
3.Gim st vic thi hnh Hin php, lut,ngh quyt ca Quc hi, php lnh, nghquyt ca U ban thng v Quc hi; gimst hot ng ca Chnh ph, Ta n nhndn ti cao, Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao,Kim ton Nh nc v c quan khc doQuc hi thnh lp;
4. nh ch vic thi hnh vn bn ca Chnhph, Th tng Chnh ph, To n nhn dnti cao, Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao trivi Hin php, lut, ngh quyt ca Quchi v trnh Quc hi quyt nh vic bib vn bn ti k hp gn nht; bi bvn bn ca Chnh ph, Th tng Chnh
ph, To n nhn dn ti cao, Vin kim stnhn dn ti cao tri vi php lnh, ngh
quyt ca U ban thng v Quc hi;
iu 98
Th tng Chnh ph do Quc hi bu
trong s cc i biu Quc hi.Th tng Chnh ph c nhng nhim v,quyn hn sau y:
provided by the National Assembly; tointerpret the Constitution, laws, regulation(Emphasis ours);
3.To supervise the implementation of theConstitution, laws, resolutions of the NationalAssembly, regulations, resolutions of theStanding Committee of the National Assemblto supervise activities of the ExecutiveGovernment, the Supreme Peoples Court, theSupreme Peoples Procuracy, the State AuditOffice and other organs established by the
National Assembly;
4.To cease the implementation of documents the Executive Government, Prime Minister ofthe Executive Government, Peoples SupremeCourt, Peoples Supreme Procuracy, which arcontrary to the constitution, laws,resolutions of the National Assembly andreport to the National Assembly its decisionto abolish such documents at the nearestsession(Emphasis ours); to abolish
documents of the executive government, primminister of the executive government, PeopleSupreme Court, Peoples Supreme Procuracywhich are contrary to regulations, resolutionsof the National Assembly StandingCommittee;
Article 98:
The prime minister of the executive
government is elected by The NationalAssembly from among deputies of TheNational Assembly.The prime minister of the executivegovernment has the following responsibilitiesand powers:
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1. Lnh o cng tc ca Chnh ph; lnho vic xy dng chnh sch v t chc thihnh php lut;
4. nh ch vic thi hnh hoc bi b vnbn ca B trng, Th trng c quanngang b, y ban nhn dn, Ch tch y
ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuctrung ng tri vi Hin php, lut v vnbn ca c quan nh nc cp trn; nhch vic thi hnh ngh quyt ca Hi ngnhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuctrung ng tri vi Hin php, lut vvn bn ca c quan nh nc cp trn,ng thi ngh y ban thng v Quchi bi b;
iu 1191. Hin php l lut c bn ca nc Cngho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam, c hiu lc
php l cao nht.Mi vn bn php lutkhc phi ph hp vi Hin php.Mi hnhvi vi phm Hin php u b x l.2. Quc hi, cc c quan ca Quc hi, Chtch nc, Chnh ph, Ta n nhn dn,Vin kim st nhn dn, cc c quan khcca Nh nc v ton thNhn dn c trch
nhim bo v Hin php. C ch bo vHin php do lut nh.
1.To lead the works of the executivegovernment; to lead in the formulation of
policies and to organize the implementation o
laws;4.To cease the implementation of or to abolishwritten documents by ministers, assistantministers, heads of organs equivalent to adepartment, peoples committee, chairpersonof the peoples committees of provinces, citieunder direct central control, which arecontrary to the constitution, laws, andwritten documents of higher governmentorgans; to cease the implementation of
resolutions by peoples councils ofprovinces, cities under direct centralcontrol, which are contrary to theconstitution, laws, and written documents ohigher government organs, at the same timto submit to the Standing Committee of ThNational Assembly to abolish suchresolutions.(Emphasis ours)
Article 1191. The constitution is the fundamental law ofthe Socialist Republic of Vietnam, has thehighest legal effect. All other legal documentsmust accord with the constitution. Allconducts violating the constitution shall bedealt with.(Emphasis ours)2. The National Assembly, organs of The
National Assembly, the State President,Executive Government, Peoples courts,
Peoples inspectorates, other state organs andthe whole people have the responsibility to
protect the constitution. The institution toprotect the constitution is provided bylaw.(Emphasis ours)
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Khi c cc iu 70, 74 v 98 chung vinhau, th hu nh c 3 nh ch chia xquyn gii thch tnh hp hin hoc vi hin
ca cc sc lut hoc tc ng ca hnhphp. l Quc Hi, y Ban Thng VQuc Hi v Th Tng. Khi chia x trchnhim quan trng ny th c v nh y BanThng V Quc Hi, qua on 2 iu 74,c nhiu quyn lc hn. Tuy nhin iu nykhng th khng nh quyn lc khng chiax ca y Ban Thng V v nhng vn
lin h n tnh hp hin hay vi hin.
D nhin tnh trng ny khng tha ng vkhng c nh ch no nu trn thc s clp i vi nhng sc lut v tc ng cahnh php. Thm vo , khng c nh chno c giao trch nhimr rt, v nhth, ng CSVN, nh l c quan quyn lcti thng theo iu 4, s c ting ni quyt
nh.
Tnh trng cng hn lonhn, khi iu 119quy nh r rt:
C ch bo v hin php do lut nh.
iu ny m ra kh nng l mt nh chno khc, ngoi Quc Hi, y Ban ThngV Quc Hi v th tng, trong tng lai,c th c khai sinh, vi quyn hn giithch tnh hp hin hay vi hin ca cc sclut v tc ng ca hnh php.
When reading articles 70, 74 and 98 together,
it appears that three institutions share the
powers to interpret the constitutionality or
otherwise of laws or acts of the executive: ThNational Assembly, the National Assembly
Standing Committee and the prime minister. I
sharing this important responsibility, it may b
that the National Assembly Standing
Committee, through section 2 of article 74 ma
hold greatest power. But this cannot confirm
the exclusive power of the Standing
Committee on matters of constitutionality.
Evidently, this is not a satisfactory situation
because none of these institutions are
independent of the laws or acts of the
executive. Furthermore, if none of these
institutions is given clear responsibility, then
the CPV, as the supreme power due to article
4, will have the final say.
To make matters even more confusing, article
119 specifically states that:
The institution to protect the constitution isprovided by law.
This opens up the possibility that some other
institution, beyond the National Assembly, thNational Assembly Standing Committee or th
prime minister, in the future, may be created,
with powers to interpret the constitutionality o
laws and acts of the executive.
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Nh th, qua mnh khe c tnh gy hnlon hin php ny, ng CSVN mcnhin ng trn tt c mi nh ch, trn
tt c mi lut php v trn c hin php.
S hn lon hin php c , v s vng bngca mt nh ch c lp v tnh hp hinhoc vi hin ca cc sc lut v tc ng cahnh php, cho php QucHi b nhnca ng CSVN thng qua Lut Bu C iBiu Quc Hi 1997 (c tu chnh nm2001), cho php Mt Trn T Quc (mtngoi vi ca ng CSVN) c quyn vquyn bt khng chn ng c vin tranhc. Qua Mt Trn T Quc, ng CSVNquyt on ngi no c cho php tranhc vo Quc Hi, qua mt tt c cc quynt do c hin php khc ghi, nht l iu27 v quyn t do bu c v ng c. Nu cs hin hu ca mt Ta n Hin Php hoc
mt Ta n Ti Cao vi thm quyn ngngha, th mt sc lut nh th b tuyn
b l vi hin v v hiu lc.
IV. S ngo mn ca ng CSVN
i vi Tng B Th Nguyn Ph Trng v
gii lnh o cao cp nht ca ng, hinphp ch l mt tm bnh phong. on 1iu 8 ghi r:
iu 81. Nh nc c t chc v hot ng theo
Thus through this ruse of deliberateconstitutional confusion, the CPV by defaustands above all institutions, all laws and
above the constitution itself.
Similar deliberate constitutional confusion, an
absence of an independent institution for the
determination of constitutionality of laws and
executive action, have allowed the CPV pupp
National Assembly to enact the National
Assembly Deputies Electoral Act 1997
(amended in 2001), to provide for the
Fatherland Front (a front organization for the
CPV) to have the sole and uncontestable right
to choose candidates to stand for office.
Through the Fatherland Front, the CPV
dictates who is allowed to stand for election to
the National Assembly, by-passing all the
democratic freedoms granted by the
constitution, in particular article 27 on the righ
to vote and stand for office. If an independentConstitutional Court or Supreme Court with
proper jurisdiction on constitutionality was in
existence, such law would have been declared
unconstitutional and invalid.
IV. Arrogance of the CPV
For General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong and
senior members of the CPV, the constitution ionly a facade. Section 1 of article 8 states
clearly:
Article 81. The state is organized and operates in
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Hin php v php lut, qun l x hi bngHin php v php lut, thc hin nguyntc tp trung dn ch.
Tp trung dn ch d nhin l mt khinim ca L Nin hon ton phn vi dnch v thng thng khc ghi vo bn iul cc ng cng sn theo truyn thng L
Nin, hu bo m s trung thnh tuyt ica cp thp i vi cp cao, thuc cp ivi lnh o quyn uy, h tng ng vini vi Ban Chp Hnh Trung ng vChnh Tr B. S kin quan im ny c
khc ghi trong hin php ton dn chngminh s ngo mn tt cng ca nhng thnh
phn bo th nht trong ng CSVN.Sau cng, hu dp b tt c mi nghi ng vs gi v tn trng hin php ca CSVN,trc khi Quc Hi biu quyt chp nhnthng qua Hin Php 2013, nhiu c quantruyn thng nh nc trch dn li pht
biu xc nh ca Tng B Th Nguyn PhTrng rng hin php l:
Vn kin chnh tr php l quan trng vobc nht SAUCng lnh ca ng.
(http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.html )
ng CSVN thc c rng ton dnkhng chp nhn tnh trng ny v tm cchngn chn nhng tc ng lt chnhquyn bng cch tu chnh hin php bucqun i phi trung thnh tuyt i vi ng
accordance with the constitution and law,manages society through the constitution andlaw, implements the principle of democratic
centralism (Emphasis ours)
Democratic centralism of course is aLeninist concept totally anti-thesis todemocracy and enshrined generally in LeninisParties rules to ensure absolute obedience oflower hierarchies to higher hierarchies, ofsubordinate members to authoritarian leaders,of the rank and file membership to the CentraCommittee and Politburo. The fact that it find
itself enshrined in the constitution of a wholenation is evidence of extreme arrogance of themost conservative elements of the CPV.Finally to shatter any remaining doubt about
any semblance of respect for the constitution,
prior to the National Assembly approving the
2013 constitution, various government media
outlets pointedly quoted CPV General
Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong making the
following assertion that the constitution is:
The most important legal document AFTER(emphasis ours)the Partys constitution
(http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bthu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.html)
The CPV knows that this situation is far fromacceptable to the people and seeks to pre-emp
any attempt to overthrow it from government
by amending the constitution to make the
armed forces loyal to the party as well.
http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.htmlhttp://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tong-bi-thu-de-phong-the-luc-muon-xoa-bo-dieu-4-hien-phap-2886937.html5/20/2018 Ph bnh song ng Ng n Hi n Php 2013 cua Vi t Nam
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v nh nc.
V th iu 65 vit:
Lc lng v trang nhn dn tuyt itrung thnh vi T quc,Nhn dn, ving v Nh nc, c nhim v bo v clp, ch quyn, thng nht, ton vn lnhth ca T quc, an ninh quc gia v trt t,an ton x hi; bo vNhn dn, ng, Nhnc v ch x hi ch ngha, cng tondn xy dng t nc v thc hin ngha
v quc t.
V.S lin kt gia ng CSVN vng Cng Sn Trung Quc(CSTQ) l mt him ha cho habnh khu vc v ha bnh th gii.
Vit Nam, Hn Quc, Nht Bn v Mng
C l nhng quc gia xoay quanh trc TrungHoa. Cc quc gia ny chu nhiu nhhng vn ha Trung Hoa, k c Tng Nho
bo th vn l gnh nng ca Trung Hoa,Vit Nam v Hn Quc vo cui th k 19khi h tip xc vi cc cng quc thuca ty phng.
Nht Bn vt qua gnh nng ny v
canh tn x s sm hu bt kp ty phng.Nam Hn gia nhp hng ng cc quc giapht trin tip theo chnh sch k ngh hanhanh chng ca Tng Thng Pht Chnh
Thus, article 65 reads:
The peoples armed forces are absolutelyloyal to the fatherland, the people, with theparty and state(Emphasis ours),responsiblfor the protection of the independence,sovereignty, unity, national territorial integritynational security and order, social safety;
protect the people, party, state and socialistregime, together with the people build thecountry and perform international duties.
V.
Alliance between the CommunistParty of Vietnam (CPV) and theCommunist Party of China (CPC) isdangerous to regional and world peac
Vietnam, Korea, Japan and Mongolia have
been independent states orbiting China. Tosignificant extents these nations have been
influenced by Chinese cultural values
including Conservative Confucianism which
became a burden on China, Vietnam and Kore
at the end of the 19thcentury when they came
into contact with Western Colonial powers.
Japan had overcome this burden and
modernized itself early to catch up with theWest. South Korea joined the rank of the
developed nations as the consequence of rapid
indudtrialization under President Park Ching
Hee.
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Hy.
Lch s Vit Nam gm ton nhng c hi b
b l.Tht vy, Tng Nho bo th, do giai cpquan li phn ng ca triu nh nh
Nguyn i din, quyt tm bo v quynlc v quyn li giai cp, ngn chnvng triu khng cho canh tn t ncvo cui th k 19. Hu qu l Vit Nam rivo tay thc dn Php.
Sau , chin thng ca ng CSTQ ti HoaLc nm 1949 tc i cc cn c quynlc ca cc ng phi quc gia ti min namTrung Quc. S kin ny a n chinthng ca ng CSVN ti in Bin Ph vchin thng ca H Ch Minh nm 1954. Sp t trn dn tc Vit Nam ch thuytMc L tr hon tin trnh pht trin t
nc, trn cc bnh din chnh tr v kinh tc th c th k.
Quyt nh ca Quc Hi Vit Nam thngqua Hin Php 2013 ca ng CSVN, mcdu c d lun d on rng ri, l mtc hi b nh mt na, trong khi cc dntc khc ang dng mnh tin ln. Nhng chi b mt nh th em li nhng hu qu thi cho dn tc Vit Nam v th gii.
VI. Hu qu cho dn tc Vit Nam:
Mt s kin m nhn dn Vit hiu tng
Vietnams history is littered with missedopportunities.
Indeed Conservative Confucianism, asembodied in a very recalcitrant Mandarinate
intent on preserving its powers and privileges
has prevented the monarchy from modernizin
the nation at the end of the 19thCentury. As a
consequence, Vietnam fell into the hands of
imperialist France.
Then the CPC victory in China in 1949
deprived nationalist political parties a powerbase in South China. This inevitably led to the
CPV victory at Dien Bien Phu anh Ho Chi
Minhs victory in 1954. The imposition ofMarxism-Leninism on Vietnam as a nation ha
delayed its development, both politically and
economically, arguably by a century.
The decision by the Vietnamese National
Assembly, to adopt the 2013 Constitution by
the CPV, although widely predictable, is
another missed opportunity when other nation
are assiduously on the move. Such missed
opportunities have dire consequences for
Vietnam and the world.
VI. Consequences to the Vietnamesepeople:
It is a well known fact, to the Vietnamese
people, that if the CPV chooses to lean
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tn l nu CSVN chn la thin v Hoa Kth tin trnh chuyn ha dn ch s nhanhhn ti Vit Nam. Nu ng CSVN chn la
nghing v Trung Quc, th hin trng chnhtr khng thay i. Nghch lun CSVN phii u l nu h nghing v Hoa K, thVit Nam nh mt dn tc s vn ln,nhng ng CSVN nh l mt nhm quynli, s mt ton b quyn lc chnh tr. TngB Th Nguyn Ph Trng v phe nhm c mt quyt nh hon ton c thc l th
mt nc ch khng mt ng.
Hu qu l ton dn phi tip tc sng trongmt quc gia vng bng nhng nhn quyncn bn v nhng quyn t do chnh tr mton th nhn loi mc nhin c hng.Ton dn tip tc chng kin mc sng cah ngy cng gim st v s qun l km cidi ch c ng, chuyn bc lt sc
lao ng nhn dn hu lm giu cho ngvin v thn nhn ca h. Nhn dn s tiptc chng kin nhng dn tc trong khu vc
pht trin cc nhanh, v nhng dn tc khct nhng ni xa xi trn qu a cu, bt kpri qua mt dn tc Vit Nam.
VII.
Hu qu i vi th qunbnh chin lc ti ng v ngNam :
Mt chn l hin nhin cho cc dn tc bnl Trung Quc l, mun sng cn, h phivt ln trn Trung Quc v mi phng
towards the USA then there will be speedier
democratic changes in Vietnam. If it chooses
to lean towards China, then the status quo wil
be kept. The dilemma for the CPV is that ifthey lean towards the USA, Vietnam as a
nation may rise but the CPV as an interest
group, may lose political power altogether.
General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong and
associates have made a conscious decision to
prefer the survival of the party over the fate o
the nation.
The people as a consequence, will have to
continue to live in a country without the basic
human rights and political freedom the rest of
the world takes for granted. They will continu
to see their standard of living decline as the
consequence of mismanagement by a one-par
system intent on exploiting the labour of its
own people, to enrich members of the partyand their relatives. They will continue to see
other nations in the region develop by leaps
and bounds and other nations in the farthest
corners of the earth catching up with them and
surpassing them.
VII. Consequences to strategic balance
in East and South East Asia:It is a truism that for a nation on the periphery
of China, to survive, it has to excel China in a
respects. Japan, South Korea and to a
significant extent Mongolia have shown us th
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din. Nht Bn, Nam Hn v mc giihn hn Mng C chng minh cho chngta thy iu ny hon ton kh thi. l tr
Vit Nam. Bng cch i ngc tro lu dnch trnth gii v bm vu vo h thngc ti c ng, ng CSVN trng voc dn tc Vit Nam xing xch mt thch km ci m chnh Lin Bang X Vit qung vo st rc ca lch s. Hn na,ng CSVN eo vo c dn tc Vit kiuhng gng cm ca mt quc gia ch hu,
phc v cho k th truyn kip t phngbc.
Mt th qun bnh chin lc hon ho ting v ng Nam l mt th qun bnhtrong Trung Quc (tt nht l mt TrungQuc dn ch) c vy quanh bi nhnglng ging dn ch v phn thnh v kinh t.
VIII. Hu qu cho nn ha bnh vthnh vng th gii:
Lch s dy cho chng ta rng s phn vinhv kinh t to thm s phn vinh v em liha bnh.Nhiu chng c cho thy rng ccch c ti em li c hn v c khuynhhng lidng lng i quc v tinh thn
dn tc qu khch cng c s cai tr vquyn lc i vi nhn dn. Quyn li caHoa K v ca ton th nhn loi nmkhng nhng ni mt Trung Quc v mtVit Nam, m ni ton th cc quc gia th
this is completely possible.
That is except for Vietnam. By defying world
trend towards democracy and by hanging on tthe dictatorship of the one-party system, the
CPV has condemned Vietnam to the
mediocrities of an ideology already discarded
by the Soviet Union into the dust-bin of
history. Further, the CPV has condemned the
proud Vietnamese people to the status of a
vassal state at the service of their traditional
enemy from the north.
A perfect strategic balance in East and South
East Asia is one in which China (preferably a
democratic China) is surrounded by democrat
and economically prosperous neighbors.
VIII.
Consequences to world peace andprosperity:
History has taught us that economic prosperit
generates more prosperity and brings about
peace. There is substantial evidence that
dictatorships brings about poverty and tends t
manipulate nationalistic patriotism to
consolidate control and power over theirpeoples. It is in the interest of the USA and th
whole of humanity that not only China and
Vietnam, but the whole third world become
economically prosperous and politically
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gii th ba, c kinh t pht trin v chnh trdn ch.
Chnh v th khi ch v sn chuyn chnhti Trung Quc v ch v sn chuynchnh ti Vit Nam to thnh mt lin minh thc h, th iu ny l mt biu hin xucho ha bnh v thnh vng ca th gii,nht ltrong hin trng mt nc TrungHoa ang khng nh v tr qun s camnh ti Bin Nht Bn v Bin Nam TrungQuc (m ngi Vit Nam gi l Binng)
IX. Li thot:
Tng quan Mi h rng lnh gia VitNam v Trung Quc m cu ch tch VitNam H Ch Minh v cu ch tch TrungQuc Mao Trch ng khi xng tht skhng phi mt chiu nh h Mao suy ngh
v ng H ng thun: l tng quantheo CSTQ l mi hay l ngi bo v vCSVN l rng hay l k c bo v.
Tht ra hai nhn vt ny khng bit,tng quan ny thc s hai chiu. C haithc th u l va mi ln rng.
Chnh v th, khng nhng nu CSTQ sp
th CSVN sp theo. Quy lut ny cngng y chang nu CSVN sp , th cnchn ng chnh tr tip theo s hu nhchc chn lm CSTQ sp , nh mt tri
democratic.
Thus the dictatorship of the proletariat in Chin
in an ideological alliance with the samedictatorship in Vietnam does not augur well fo
world peace and prosperity, particularly in
light of Chinas military assertion in the Sea oJapan and in the South China Sea (known to
the Vietnamese as the Eastern Sea).
IX. The Way out:
The Lips and Teeth relationship betweenVietnam and China as espoused by former
Vietnam President Ho Chi Minh and former
Chinese Chairman Mao Tse Tung does not
work only in the direction envisaged by Maoand acknowledged by Ho: that was a
relationship where Communist China was the
lips or protector and Vietnam was the teethor protge.
Unbeknown to them, the relationship is truly
mutual in nature. Both entities are at the same
time lips and teeth.
Thus not only if Communist China falls then
Communist Vietnam will fall. Equally true is
that if Communist Vietnam falls, the political
earthquake that ensues will bring about the fa
of Communist China as surely as the sun sink
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ln chn tri hng Ty vy.
Trong khi Trung Quc l mt thc th chnh
tr v kinh t v i kh b nh hng siucng bn ngoi, th Vit Nam l mt thcth chnh tr mong manh hn, l thuc vomu dch vi Hoa K v Lin Hip uChu. V th cc quc gia ty phng c thnh hng d dng hn cc bin chuynchnh tr ti Vit nam.
n lc Quc Hi Hoa K v cc nh
ch tng t ti cc quc gia dn ch khcxt n nhng cm vn i vi Vit Nam vnhng viphm nhn quyn, s thiu vngtiu chun v chnh quyn ci m v trongsut, v nhng lm dng quyn lc nhnc i vi ngi dn. Tht vy, nhiuchng c cho thy CSVN ang p dngchnh sch nh nc khng b i vi
nhn dn Vit Nam.Lc ng CSVN s sp . Khi ngCSVN sp , trong cn chn ng tiptheo, ng CSTQ s sp .
Hai s sp ny s em li ha bnh vthnh vng khng nhng cho Chu mcho ton th gii.
in the Western horizon.
While China is a huge political and economic
entity arguably oblivious to external super-power influences, Vietnam is a more fragile
polity subject to trade with the USA and the
European Union. Thus Western nations can
more easily influence political changes in
Vietnam.
It is time for the US Congress and equivalent
institutions in other democratic nations toconsider sanctions on Vietnam for its
violations of human rights, for its lack of
criteria for open and transparent governance
and for its abuse of state power over its
citizens. Indeed, there is evidence that the CP
is exercising state terrorism over its people.
Then the CPV will fall. When the CPV falls,
the CPC will succumb in the aftershock.
This dual fall will bring about an era of peace
and prosperity not only In Asia but for the
whole world.
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Hin php 2013
Li ni u:
Tri qua my nghn nm lch s, Nhn dnVit Nam lao ng cn c, sng to, utranh anh dng dng nc v gi nc, hun c nn truyn thng yu nc, onkt, nhn ngha, kin cng, bt khut vxy dng nn nn vn hin Vit Nam.
T nm 1930, di s lnh o ca ngCng sn Vit Nam do Ch tch H ChMinh sng lp v rn luyn, Nhn dn ta tinhnh cuc u tranh lu di, y gian kh,hy sinh v c lp, t do ca dn tc, v hnh
phc ca Nhn dn. Cch mng thng Tmthnh cng, ngy 2 thng 9 nm 1945, Chtch H Ch Minh c Tuyn ngn c lp,khai sinh ra nc Vit Nam dn ch cngha, nay l Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit
Nam.Bng ch v sc mnh ca ton dntc, c s gip ca bn b trn thgii, Nhn dn ta ginh chin thng v itrong cc cuc u tranh gii phng dn tc,thng nht t nc, bo v T quc v lmngha v quc t, t c nhng thnh tuto ln, c ngha lch s trong cng cuci mi, a t nc i ln ch ngha xhi.
Th ch ha Cng lnh xy dng t nctrong thi k qu ln ch ngha x hi, ktha Hin php nm 1946, Hin php nm1959, Hin php nm 1980 v Hin php
The 2013 constitution
Foreword:Through several thousand years of history, thecreative, hard-working laborious Vietnamese
people, who have struggled courageously toestablish the foundation of the nation anddefend it, have nurtured a tradition of
patriotism, solidarity, humanity, strength,indomitability and built the Vietnameseculture.
Since 1930, under the leadership of theCommunist Party of Vietnam established andtrained by Chairman Ho Chi Minh, our peoplehave proceeded with a struggle which is long,full of difficulties and sacrifices for theindependence, freedom of the people, for thehappiness of the people. The AugustRevolution was successful, on 2 September1945, Chairman Ho Chi Minh read theDeclaration of Independence, creating theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam, now theSocialist Republic of Vietnam. With the willand strength of the whole nation, with the helpof friends in the world, our people havesnatched a huge victory in the struggle toliberate the nation, unify the country, protectthe fatherland and perform international dutieachieve enormous results, of historical
significance in the renewal policy, set thecountry on the road to socialism.
To institutionalize the nation-building programduring the intermediary period leading tosocialism, to inherit the 1946 Constitution, the
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nm 1992, Nhn dn Vit Nam xy dng,thi hnh v bo v Hin php ny v mctiu dn giu, nc mnh, dn ch, cng
bng, vn minh.
CHNG ICH CHNH TR
iu 1Nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Naml mt nc c lp, c ch quyn, thngnht v ton vn lnh th, bao gm t lin,hi o, vng bin v vng tri.
iu 21. Nh nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit
Nam l nh nc php quyn x hi chngha ca Nhn dn, do Nhn dn, v Nhndn.2. Nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit
Nam do Nhn dn lm ch; tt c quyn lcnh nc thuc v Nhn dn m nn tng llin minh gia giai cp cng nhn vi giaicp nng dn v i ng tr thc.3. Quyn lc nh nc l thng nht, c s
phn cng, phi hp, kim sot gia cc cquan nh nc trong vic thc hin ccquyn lp php, hnh php, t php.
iu 3Nh nc bo m v pht huy quyn lmch caNhn dn; cng nhn, tn trng, bov v bo m quyn con ngi, quyn cngdn; thc hin mc tiu dn giu, ncmnh, dn ch, cng bng, vn minh, mingi c cuc sng m no, t do, hnh phc,
1959 Constitution, the 1980 Constitution andthe 1992 Constitution, the Vietnamese people
build, implement and protect this constitution
for the objectives of prosperous people, strongnation, democracy, equality, civilization.
CHAPER IPOLITICAL REGIME
Article 1The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a countrwhich is independent, with sovereignty, is
unified and has national integrity, includingterritory, islands, sea areas and airspace.
Article 21. The government of the Socialist Republic oVietnam is a government of socialist rule oflaw of the people, by the people, for the peopl2. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is subjeto the mastery of the people; all state powers
belong to the people whose foundation is thealliance of the working class to the peasantclass and the intelligentsia.3. State powers are unified, with division ofwork, coordination, scrutiny between stateorgans in the implementation of legislative,executive, judicial powers.
Article 3The state guaranties and promotes the masteryright of the people; affirms, respects, protectsand guaranties human rights, citizens rights;implements the objectives of prosperous
people, strong nation, democracy, equality,civilization, plentiful life for all, freedom,
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c iu kin pht trin ton din.
iu 4
1.ng Cng sn Vit Nam- i tin phongca giai cp cng nhn, ng thi l i tin
phong caNhn dn lao ng v ca dn tcVit Nam, i biu trung thnh li ch cagiai cp cng nhn,Nhn dn lao ng vca c dn tc, ly ch ngha Mc Lninv t tng H Ch Minh lm nn tng ttngl lc lng lnh o Nh nc v xhi.
2. ng Cng sn Vit Namgn b mtthit viNhn dn, phc vNhn dn,chus gim st caNhn dn, chu trch nhimtrcNhn dn v nhng quyt nh camnh.3. Cc t chc ca ng v ng vin ngCng sn Vit Namhot ng trong khunkh Hin php v php lut.
iu 51. Nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit
Nam l quc gia thng nht ca cc dn tccng sinh sng trn t nc Vit Nam.2. Cc dn tc bnhng, on kt, tn trngv gip nhau cng pht trin; nghim cmmi hnh vi k th, chia r dn tc.3. Ngn ng quc gia l ting Vit. Cc dntc c quyn dng ting ni, ch vit, gi
gn bn sc dn tc, pht huy phong tc, tpqun, truyn thngv vn ho tt p camnh.4. Nh nc thc hin chnh sch pht trinton din v to iu kin cc dn tcthiu s pht huy ni lc, cng pht trin vi
happiness, with conditions for totaldevelopment.
Article 4:1. The Communist Party of Vietnam- thevanguard of the proletariat, as well as thevanguard of the working people and of thewhole nation, the faithful representative of theinterests of the proletariat, working people anthe whole nation, adopting Marxism-Leninismand the thoughts of Ho Chi Minh asfoundations of thoughts, is the force leadingthe state and society.2. The Communist Party of Vietnam isintimately close to the people, serves the
people, accepts supervision by the people, isaccountable before the people for its decision3. All party organs and members of theCommunist Party of Vietnam operate withinthe framework of the Constitution and the law
Article 51. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is theunified nation for all ethnic groups co-existingin the country of Vietnam.2. All ethnic groups are equal, united, respecteach other and help each other to develop; allacts that are discriminatory, divisive are
prohibited.3. The national language is Vietnamese. Ethngroups have the right to use dialects, writingssafekeep ethnic characters, promote traditionsmores, folklores and their beautiful cultures.4. The state implements policies of totaldevelopment and creates conditions forminority ethnic groups to develop internal
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t nc.
iu 6
Nhn dn thc hin quyn lc nh ncbng dn ch trc tip, bngdn ch i dinthng qua Quc hi, Hi ng nhn dn vthng quacc c quan khc ca Nh nc.
iu 71. Vic bu c i biu Quc hi v i biuHi ng nhn dn c tin hnh theonguyn tc ph thng, bnh ng, trc tipv b phiu kn.
2.i biu Quc hi, i biu Hi ng nhndn b c tri hoc Quc hi, Hi ng nhndn bi nhim khi khng cn xng ng vis tn nhim ca nhn dn.
iu 81. Nh nc c t chc v hot ng theoHin php v php lut, qun l x hi bng
Hin php v php lut, thc hin nguyntc tp trung dn ch.
2. Cc c quan nh nc, cn b, cng chc,vin chc phi tn trngNhn dn, tn ty
phc vNhn dn, lin h cht chviNhn dn, lng nghe kin v chu sgim st caNhn dn; kin quyt u tranhchng tham nhng, lng ph v mi biuhin quan liu, hch dch, ca quyn.
iu 91. Mt trn T quc Vit Nam l t chclin minh chnh tr, lin hip t nguyn cat chc chnh tr, cc t chc chnh tr - xhi, t chc x hi v cc c nhn tiu biu
strength, to develop together with the nation.
Article 6
The people exercise state powers throughdirect democracy, representative democracythrough the the National Assembly, PeoplesCouncils and through other organs of the state
Article 71. The election of deputies of the NationalAssembly and deputies of Peoples Councils
proceed on the principle of popular, equal,direct and secret ballot.
2. The National Assembly deputies andPeoples Councils deputies are dismissed froduties by the voters or the National AssemblyPeoples Councils when they are no longerdeserving of the peoples confidence.
Article 81.The state is organized and operates inaccordance with the constitution and law,
manages society through the constitution andlaw, implements the principle of democraticcentralism2. State organs, cadres, public employees,officials must respect the people, liaise closelywith the people, listen to the opinions of andaccept the supervision of the people; strugglewith determination to fight corruption, wasteand all manifestations of bureaucracy,haughtiness, power abuse.
Article 91.The Fatherland Front of Vietnam is an
organization of political alliance, voluntary
alliance of political organizations, socio-
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trong cc giai cp, tng lp x hi, dn tc,tn gio v ngi Vit Nam nh c ncngoi.
Mt trn T quc Vit Nam l c s chnhtr ca chnh quyn nhn dn; i din, bov quyn v li ch hp php, chnh ngcaNhn dn; tp hp, pht huysc mnhi on kt ton dn tc, thc hin dn ch,tng cng ng thun x hi; gim st,
phn bin x hi; tham gia xy dng ng,Nh nc, hot ng i ngoi nhn dngp phn xy dng v bo v T quc.
2. Cng on Vit Nam, Hi nng dn VitNam, on thanh nin cng sn H ChMinh, Hi lin hip ph n Vit Nam, Hicu chin binh Vit Nam l cc t chc
chnh tr - x hi c thnh lp trn c st nguyn, i din v bo v quyn, li chhp php, chnh ng ca thnh vin, hivin t chc mnh; cng cc t chc thnhvin khc ca Mt trn phi hp v thngnht hnh ng trong Mt trn T quc Vit
Nam.
3. Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, cc t chcthnh vin ca Mt trn v cc t chc xhi khc hot ng trong khun kh Hin
php v php lut. Nh nc to iu kin Mt trn T quc Vit Nam cc t chc
political organizations, social organizations
and individuals typical of social classes, socia
strata, ethnic groups, religions and Vietnames
settled overseas.The Fatherland Front of Vietnam is the
political base of the peoples government;represents, protects the rights and legal,
legitimate interests of the people; concentrate
promotes the strength of national solidarity,
implements democracy, improves social
conformity; supervises, provides social
feedbacks; takes part in improving the Party,the state, the peoples external activities tocontribute to the building and protection of th
fatherland.
2.The Union of Workers of Vietnam, the
Peasants Association of Vietnam, the Ho Chi
Minh Communist Youth, the Federated
Womens Association of Vietnam, The
Veterans Association of Vietnam are socio-political organizations established on the
voluntary basis, represent and protect the lega
legitimate rights, interests of constituents,
members of each organization; together with
other member-organizations of the Front
coordinate and unite activities within the
Fatherland Front of Vietnam.
3.The Fatherland Front of Vietnam, member-organizations of the Front and other socialorganizations operate within the framework othe constitution and law. The state creates theconditions for the Fatherland Front of Vietnam
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thnh vin ca Mt trn v cc t chc xhi khc hot ng.
iu 10
Cng on Vit Nam l t chc chnh tr -x hi ca giai cp cng nhn v ca ngilao ng c thnh lp trn c s tnguyn, i din cho ngi lao ng, chmlo v bo v quyn, li ch hp php, chnhng ca ngi lao ng; tham gia qun lnh nc, qun l kinh t -x hi; tham giakim tra, thanh tra, gim st hot ng cac quan nh nc, t chc, n v, doanh
nghip v nhng vn lin quan nquyn, ngha v ca ngi lao ng; tuyntruyn, vn ng ngi lao ng hc tp,nng cao trnh , k nng ngh nghip,chp hnh php lut, xy dng v bo v Tquc.
iu 111. T quc Vit Nam l thing ling, bt kh
xm phm.2. Mi hnh vi chng li c lp, ch quyn,thng nht v ton vn lnh th, chng li snghip xy dng v bo v T quc u bnghim tr.
iu 12Nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Namthc hin nht qun ng li i ngoi c
lp, t ch, ha bnh, hu ngh, hp tc vpht trin; a phng ha, a dng ha quanh, ch ng v tch cc hi nhp, hp tcquc t trn c s tn trng c lp, chquyn v ton vn lnh th, khng can thipvo cng vic ni b ca nhau, bnh ng,
member-organizations of the Front and othersocial organizations to operate.
Article 10The Union of Workers of Vietnam is a socio-political organization of the working class andof laborers established on the voluntary basis,represents laborers, looks after and protectslegal, legitimate rights, interests of laborers;takes part in managing the state, managing theeconomy-society; takes part in scrutinizing,inspecting, supervising the activities of stateorgans, organizations, units, businesses relativ
to issues of rights, responsibilities of laborers;propagates among, urges laborers to study, tolift their level, professional skills, follow thelaw, build and protect the Fatherland.
Article 111. The Vietnamese Fatherland is divine,
inviolable.2. All acts that violate independence,sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, thaviolate the legacy of the building and
protection of the Fatherland are severelypunished.
Article 12The Socialist Republic of Vietnam implementin uniformity a foreign policy that is
independent, self determined, peaceful,friendly, cooperative and developmental;diversifies the directions and aspects ofrelationships, actively and positivelyintegrates, cooperates internationally on the
bases of respect for independence, sovereignty
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cng c li; tun th Hin chng Lin hpquc v iu c quc t m Cng ha xhi ch nghaVit Nam l thnh vin; l bn,
i tc tin cy v thnh vin c trch nhimtrong cng ng quc t v li ch quc gia,dn tc, gp phn vo s nghip ha bnh,c lp dn tc, dn ch v tin b x hitrn th gii.
iu 131. Quc k nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha
Vit Nam hnh ch nht, chiu rng bnghai phn ba chiu di, nn , gia c ngisao vng nm cnh.2. Quc huy nc Cng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam hnh trn, nn , gia cngi sao vng nm cnh, xung quanh c
bng la, di c na bnh xe rng vdng ch Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit
Nam.
3. Quc ca nc Cng ha x hi ch nghaVit Nam l nhc v li ca bi Tin qunca.4. Quc khnh nc Cng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam l ngy Tuyn ngn c lp2 thng 9 nm 1945.5. Th nc Cng ha x hi ch nghaVit Nam l H Ni.
CHNG IIQUYN CON NGI,QUYN VNGHA V C BN CA CNG DN
iu 141. nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit
and territorial integrity, non-intervention intoeach others internal affairs, equality andmutual benefits; complies with the United
Nations Charter and international covenants owhich the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ismember; is the friend, trusted partner andresponsible member of the internationalcommunity for the national interests, nation,contribution to the legacy of peace, nationalindependence, democracy and social progressin the world.Article 131. The national flag of the Socialist Republic
Vietnam is rectangular, its width is two thirdsof the size of its length, its background is red,at the centre is a five-pointed yellow star2. The national emblem of the SocialistRepublic of Vietnam is round, with a red
background, at the centre is a five-pointedyellow star, surrounded by rice-corns, below ione half of a dented gear and the inscriptionSocialist Republic of Vietnam.
3. The national anthem of the SocialistRepublic of Vietnam is the music and lyrics othe song March of the Troops4. The National Day of the Socialist Republicof Vietnam is the day of the IndependenceDeclaration of 2 September 1945.5. The capital of the Socialist Republic ofVietnam is Hanoi.
CHAPTER IIHUMAN RIGHTS, BASIC RIGHTS ANDRESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS
Article 141. In the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, huma
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Nam, cc quyn con ngi, quyn cng dnv chnh tr, dn s, kinh t, vn ha, x hic cng nhn, tn trng, bo v, bo m
theo Hin php v php lut.
2. Quyn con ngi, quyn cng dn ch cth b hn ch theo quy nh ca lut trongtrng hp cn thit v l do quc phng, anninh quc gia, trt t, an ton x hi, oc x hi, sc khe ca cng ng.
iu 151. Quyn cng dn khng tch ringha vcng dn.2. Mi ngi c ngha v tn trng quynca ngi khc.3. Cng dn c trch nhim thc hin nghav i vi Nh nc v x hi.4. Vic thc hin quyn con ngi, quyncng dn khng c xm phm li chquc gia, dn tc, quyn v li ch hp phpca ngi khc.
iu 161. Mi ngi u bnh ng trc php lut.2. Khng ai b phn bit i x trong isng chnh tr, dn s, kinh t, vn ha, xhi.
iu 171. Cng dn nc Cng ha x hi chngha Vit Nam l ngi c quc tch Vit
Nam.2. Cng dn Vit Nam khng th b trcxut, giao np cho nh nc khc.3. Cng dn Vit Nam nc ngoi c
Nh nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha VitNam bo h.
rights, citizens rights relative to political, civeconomic, cultural, social matters areacknowledged, respected, protected, guarantie
according to the constitution and law.2. Human rights, citizens rights can only berestricted as provided by law in cases ofnecessity for reasons of national defense,national security, order, social safety, socialmorality, public health.
Article 151. Citizens rights are not separate from
citizens responsibilities2. Everyone has the responsibility to respectthe rights of others.3. Citizens have the responsibility to carry outduties relative to the state and society.4. The exercise of human rights, citizensrights cannot infringe on the national intereststhe nation, legal rights and interests of others.
Article 161. Everyone is equal before the law.2. No-one is subject to discriminatorytreatment in their political, civil, economic,cultural, social lives.
Article 171. Citizens of the Socialist Republic ofVietnam are people with Vietnamese
citizenship.2. Vietnamese citizens cannot be expelled,extradited to other states.3. Vietnamese citizens living overseas areguarantied support by the Socialist Republic oVietnam.
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iu 181.Ngi Vit Namnh c nc ngoi l
b phn khng tch ri ca cng ng dntc Vit Nam.2. Nh nc Cng ha x hi ch nghaVit Namkhuyn khch v to iu kin ngi Vit Nam nh c nc ngoi gign v pht huy bn sc vn ha dn tc Vit
Nam, gi quan h gn b vi gia nh vqu hng, gp phn xy dng qu hng,t nc.
iu 19Mi ngi c quyn sng. Tnh mng conngi c php lut bo h. Khng ai btc ot tnh mng tri lut.
iu 201.Mi ngi c quyn bt kh xm phm vthn th, c php lut bo h v sc kho,danh d v nhn phm; khng b tra tn, bolc, truy bc, nhc hnh hay bt k hnhthc i x nokhc xm phm thn th, sckhe, xc phm danh d, nhn phm.
2. Khng ai b bt nu khng c quyt nhca To n nhn dn, quyt nh hoc phchun ca Vin kim st nhn dn, trtrng hp phm ti qu tang. Vic bt,giam gi ngi do lut nh.
3. Mi c quyn hin m, b phn c thngi v hin xc theo qui nh ca lut.Vic th nghim y hc, dc hc, khoa hchay bt k hnh thc th nghim no khctrn c th ngi phi c s ng cangi c th nghim.
Article 181. Vietnamese settled overseas are an
inseparable part of the Vietnamese nationalcommunity.2. The government of the Socialist Republic oVietnam encourages and creates the conditionfor Vietnamese settled overseas to keep and
promote Vietnamese national culturalcharacters, to keep close relationships withtheir families and homeland, to contribute tothe building of their homeland and country.
Article 19Everyone has the right to life. Human life is
protected by law. No-one can be deprived oflife contrary to law.
Article 201. Everyone has the right to inviolability of
body, their health, honor and human dignityguarantied by law; no-one can be tortured,
subjected to violence, oppression, physicalabuse or any other treatments violating theirbody, health, injuring their honor, humandignity.2. No-one can be arrested without the decisionof the Peoples Court, decision or approval ofthe Peoples Procuracy, except in cases offlagrante delicto. The arrest, keeping incustody are provided by law.3. Everyone has the right to donate tissues,
body organs and body according to law.Medical, pharmacological, scientificexperiments or any other forms ofexperimentation on the human body require thconsent of the person undergoing theexperiments.
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iu 211. Mi ngi c quyn bt kh xm phm v
i sng ring t, b mt c nhn v b mtgia nh; c quyn bo v danh d, uy tnca mnh.Thng tin v i sng ring t, bmt c nhn, b mt gia nh c php lut
bo m an ton.2. Mi ngi c quyn b mt th tn, inthoi, in tn v cc hnh thc trao ithng tin ring t khc.Khng ai c bc m, kim sot, thu gitri lutth tn, in thoi, in tn v cc
hnh thc trao i thng tin ring t cangi khc.
iu 221. Cng dn c quyn c ni hp php.2. Mi ngi c quyn bt kh xm phm vch . Khng ai c t vo ch cangi khc nu khng c ngi ng.
3. Vic khm xt ch do lut nh.
iu 23Cng dn c quyn t do i li v c tr trong nc, c quyn ra nc ngoi v tnc ngoi v nc. Vic thc hin ccquyn ny do php lut quy nh.
iu 241. Mi ngi c quyn t do tn ngng, tngio, theo hoc khng theo mt tn giono. Cc tn gio bnh ng trc php lut.2. Nh nc tn trng v bo hquyn t dotn ngng, tn gio.
Article 211. Everyone has the right to inviolability of
their privacy, individual secrets and familysecrets; has the right to protection of theirhonor, personal credibility. Information on
privacy, individual secrets, family secrets, isguarantied safety by law.2. Everyone is entitled to the right to privacy irelation to their mail, telephone, electronic another forms of private information exchange.
No-one has the right to open, inspect,confiscate unlawfully the mail, telephone,
electronic and other forms of privateinformation exchange of another person.
Article 221. Citizens have the right to reside at lawfullocations.2. Everyone has the right to inviolability ofresidence. No-one has the right to enter theresidence of another person without the latter
consent.3. Searching a residence is provided by law.
Article 23Citizens have the right to freedom ofmovement and residence inside the country,have the right to go overseas and return to thecountry from overseas. The implementation othese rights is provided by law.
Article 241. Everyone has the right to freedom of faith,religion, to follow or not to follow anyreligion. All religions are equal before the law2. he state respects and guaranties freedom offaith, religion.
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3. Khng ai c xm phm t do tnngng, tn gio hoc li dng tn ngng,tn gio vi phm php lut.
iu 25Cng dn c quyn t do ngn lun,t do
bo ch, tip cn thng tin, hi hp, lp hi,biu tnh. Vic thc hin cc quyn ny dophp lut quy nh.
iu 261. Cng dn nam, n bnh ng v mi mt.
Nh nc c chnh sch bo m quyn vc hi bnh ng gii.2. Nh nc, x hi v gia nh to iukin ph n pht trin ton din, pht huyvai tr ca mnh trong x hi.3. Nghim cm phn bit i x v gii.
iu 27
Cng dn mi tm tui tr ln c quynbu c v hai mi mt tui tr ln cquyn ng c vo Quc hi, Hi ng nhndn. Vic thc hin cc quyn ny do lutnh.
iu 281. Cng dn c quyn tham gia qun l nhnc v x hi, tham gia tho lun v kin
ngh vi c quan nh nc v cc vn ca c s,a phng v c nc.
2.Nh nc to iu kin cng dn thamgia qun l nh nc v x hi; cng khai,minh bch trong vic tip nhn, phn hi
3. No-one can violate freedom of faith, religioor abuse faith, religion to breach the law.
Article 25Citizens have the right to freedom of speech,freedom of the press, to access information,organize meetings, establish associations, take
part in demonstrations. The implementation othese rights is provided by law.
Article 261. Male and female citizens are equal in all
respects. The state has the policies to guarantyrights for and equal opportunities betweengenders.2. The state, society and families create theconditions for women to fully develop,
promote their role in society.3. Gender discrimination is strictly prohibited
Article 27
Citizens of 18 years old or over have the rightto vote and 21 years old or over have the righto stand for elections to the NationalAssembly, Peoples Councils. Theimplementation of these rights is provided bylaw.
Article 281. Citizens have the right to participate in themanagement of the state and society,
participate in discussion and petition stateorganizations relative to establishments,localities and the whole country.2. The state creates conditions for citizens to
participate in the management of the state andsociety; is open, transparent in the reception o
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kin, kin ngh ca cng dn.
iu 29Cng dn mi tm tui tr ln c quyn
biu quyt khi Nh nc t chc trng cu dn.
iu 301. Mi ngi c quyn khiu ni, t co vic quan, t chc, c nhn c thm quyn vnhng vic lm tri php lut ca c quan,t chc, c nhn.2. C quan, t chc, c nhn c thm quyn
phi tip nhn, gii quyt khiu ni, t co.Ngi b thit hi c quyn c bi thngv vt cht, tinh thn v phc hi danh dtheo quy nh ca php lut.3. Nghim cm vic tr th ngi khiu ni,t co hoc li dng quyn khiu ni, t co vu khng, vu co lm hi ngi khc.
iu 311. Ngi b buc ti c coi l khng cti cho n khi c chng minh theo trnht lut nh v c bn n kt ti ca Ta n c hiu lc php lut.2. Ngi b buc ti phi c Ta n xtx kp thi trong thi hn lut nh, cng
bng, cng khai. Trng hp xt x kn theoquy nh ca lut th vic tuyn n phi
c cng khai.3. Khng ai b kt n hai ln v mt tiphm.4. Ngi b bt, tm gi, tm giam, khi t,iu tra, truy t, xt x c quyn t bocha, nh lut s hoc ngi khc bo
answers to opinions, petitions of citizens.
Article 29
Citizens of 18 years old or over have the rightto vote when the state organizes a referendum
Article 301. Everyone has the right to complain, report tstate organs, organizations, individuals who acompetent about unlawful acts by state organsorganizations, individuals.2. State organs, organizations, individuals wh
are competent must accept, resolve complaintallegations. People who suffer damages havethe right to moral and material compensationsand restoration of honor as provided by law.3. It is strictly prohibited to take revengeagainst people who have lodged complaints,reports or to abuse the right to complain, repoto make false allegations, false accusations toinjure others.
Article 311. The accused is considered innocent until
proven in accordance with procedures provideby law and the sentence of the court has takenlegal effect.2. The accused must be adjudicated by thecourt timely within the time provided by law,
justly, publicly. In cases of closed court asprovided by law, the sentencing must be
public.3. No-one can be convicted twice for the samecrime.4. The people who are under arrest,temporarily detained, temporarily in jail,charged, investigated, prosecuted, adjudicated
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cha.
5.Ngi b bt, tm gi, tm giam, khi t,iu tra, truy t, xt x, thi hnh n tri phplut c quyn c bi thng thit hi vvt cht, tinh thn v phc hi danh d.
Ngi vi phm php lut trong vic bt,giam, gi, khi t, iu tra, truy t, xt x,thi hnh n gy thit hi cho ngi khc
phi b x l theo php lut.
iu 321. Mi ngi c quyn s hu v thu nhphp php, ca ci dnh, nh , t liusinh hot, t liu sn xut, phn vn gptrong doanh nghip hoc trong cc t chckinh t khc.2. Quyn s hu t nhn v quyn tha kc php lut bo h.
3. Trng hp tht cn thit v l do qucphng, an ninh hoc v li ch quc gia, tnhtrng khn cp, phng chng thin tai, Nhnc trng mua hoc trng dng c bithng ti sn cat chc, c nhn theo gith trng.
iu 33Mi ngi c quyn t do kinh doanh trong
nhng ngnh ngh m php lut khng cm.
iu 34Cng dn c quyn c bo m an sinh xhi.
upon have the right to defend themselves, berepresented by lawyers or other people to argutheir cases.
5. The people who are under arrest,temporarily detained, temporarily in jail,charged, investigated, prosecuted, adjudicatedupon, who serve unlawful sentences, have theright to moral, material compensation andrestoration of honor. Those who break the lawin the arrest, imprisonment, detention,charging, investigation, prosecution,adjudication, enforcement of sentencesresulting in damages to others must be dealt
with in accordance with law.Article 321. Everyone has the right to ownership oflawful income, wealth resulting from savings,residence, lifes private material, private
productive material, investment in enterprisesor in other economic organizations.2. Private ownership right and inheritance righare guarantied by law.
3. In circumstances of necessity due to reasonof national defense, national security orinterests, emergency state, protection against
prevention from natural disasters, the statepurchases or requisitions for use, withcompensation, the properties of organizationsindividuals at market value.
Article 33Everyone has the right to freedom of enterpris
in trades and professions not prohibited by law
Article 34Citizens have the right to guaranty of socialsecurity.
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iu 351. Cng dn c quyn lm vic, la chnngh nghip, vic lm v ni lm vic.
2. Ngi lm cng n lng c bo mcc iu kin lm vic cng bng, an ton;c hng lng, ch ngh ngi.3. Nghim cm phn bit i x, cng bclao ng, s dng nhn cng di tuilao ng ti thiu.
iu 361.Nam, nc quyn kt hn, ly hn.Hn
nhn theo nguyn tct nguyn, tin b, mtv mt chng, v chng bnh ng, tntrng ln nhau.2. Nh nc bo h hn nhn v gia nh,
bo h quyn li ca ngi m v tr em.
iu 37
1. Tr em c Nh nc, gia nh v x hibo v, chm sc v gio dc; c thamgia vo cc vn v tr em.Nghim cmxm hi, hnh h, ngc i, b mc, lmdng, bc lt sc lao ng v nhng hnh vikhc vi phm quyn tr em.
2. Thanh nin c Nh nc, gia nh vx hi to iu kin hc tp, lao ng, giitr, pht trin th lc, tr tu, bi dng o
c, truyn thng dn tc, thc cng dn;i u trong cng cuc lao ng sng to v
bo v T quc.
3. Ngi cao tui c Nh nc, gia nhv x hi tn trng, chm sc v pht huy
Article 351.Citizens have the right to work, choice ofoccupation, employment and place of
employment2.Wage earners are guarantied equitableworking conditions, safety; are entitled towages, vacation regime.3.Discriminatory treatment, forced labor, useof workers under minimal working age arestrictly prohibited
Article 361. Men and women have the right to marry,
divorce. Marriage follows the principles ofvoluntariness, progressiveness, monogamy,spousal equality, mutual respect.2. The state guaranties support for marriageand family, guaranties support for the interestof mothers and children.
Article 37
1. Children are protected, cared for andeducated by the state, families and society; caparticipate in childrens issues. Acts thatinjure, abuse, mistreat, neglect, take advantagof, exploit child labor and other acts thatviolate the rights of the child, are strictly
prohibited.2. The state, families and society createconditions for youths to study, to work, to
partake in recreation, to develop physically,
mentally, to foster their morality, nationalmores, citizens consciousness; to march as thvanguard for the cause of creative labor and
protection of the fatherland.3. Senior people are respected, cared for andtheir roles for the cause of building and
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vai tr trong s nghip xy dng v bo vT quc.
iu 381. Mi ngi c quyn c bo v, chmscsc khe, bnh ng trong vic s dngcc dch v y t v c ngha v thc hin ccquy nh v phng bnh, khm bnh, cha
bnh.2. Nghim cm cc hnh vi e da cucsng, sc khe ca ngi khc v cngng.
iu 39Cng dn c quyn v ngha v hc tp.
iu 40Mi ngi c quyn nghin cu khoa hc vcng ngh, sng to vn hc, ngh thut vth hng li ch t cc hot ng .
iu 41Mi ngi c quyn hng th v tip cncc gi tr vn ho, tham gia vo i sngvn ha, s dng cc c s vn ha.
iu 42Cng dn c quyn xc nh dn tc camnh, s dng ngn ng m , la chnngn ng giao tip.
iu 43
Mi ngi c quyn c sng trong mitrng trong lnh v c ngha v bo v mitrng.
iu 44Cng dn c ngha v trung thnh vi Tquc.Phn bi T quc l ti nng nht.
protecting the fatherland are promoted, by thestate, families and society.
Article 381. Everyone has the right to health protection,health care, equality in the use of medicalservices and has the duty to comply with allspecifications relative to disease prevention,examination, treatment.2. Acts that threaten the lives, health of othersand the community are strictly prohibited.
Article 39Citizens have the right and duty to study.
Article 40Everyone has the right to study science andindustry, create literature, art and enjoy the
benefits from such activities.
Article 41Everyone has the right to enjoy and access
cultural values, participate in cultural life,make use of cultural establishments.
Article 42Citizens have the right to affirm their ethnicityto use their mother tongue, to choose theirlanguage for communication.
Article 43Everyone has the right to live in a healthy
environment and the duty to protect theenvironment.
Article 44Citizens have the duty to be loyal to thefatherland. To betray the fatherland is the mos
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iu 451. Bo v T quc l ngha v thing lingv quyn cao qu ca cng dn.2. Cng dn phi thc hin ngha v qun sv tham gia xy dng nn quc phng tondn.
iu 46Cng dn c ngha v tun theo Hin phpv php lut; tham gia bo v an ninh qucgia, trt t, an ton x hiv chp hnh
nhng quy tc sinh hot cng cng.
iu 47Mi ngi c ngha v npthu theo lutnh.
iu 48Ngi nc ngoi c tr Vit Nam phitun theo Hin php v php lut Vit Nam;c bo h tnh mng, ti sn v cc
quyn, li ch chnh ng theo php lutVit Nam.
iu 49Ngi nc ngoi u tranh v t do v clp dn tc, v ch ngha x hi, dn ch vho bnh hoc v s nghip khoa hc m b
bc hi th c Nh nc Cng ho x hich ngha Vit Nam xem xt cho c tr.
CHNG IIIKINH T,X HI, VN HA, GIO
serious offence.
Article 45
1. To protect the fatherland is the divine dutyand noble right of citizens2. Citizens must carry out military duties and
participate in the building of the wholepeoples national defense
Article 46Citizens have the duty to abide by theConstitution and law; to participate in the
protection of national security, order, social
safety and to comply with public activitiesrules.
Article 47Everyone has the duty to pay taxes as provide
by law.
Article 48Foreigners living in Vietnam must abide by th
constitution and Vietnamese law; their lives,properties and rights, legitimate interests areprotected according to Vietnamese law.
Article 49Foreigners who struggle for freedom andnational independence, for socialism,democracy and peace or are oppressed for thecause of science will be considered for asylum
by the state of the Socialist Republic of
Vietnam.
CHAPTER IIIECONOMY, SOCIETY, CULTURE,EDUCATION, SCIENCE, INDUSTRY
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DC,HOA HC, CNG NGH VMI TRNG
iu 50
Nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Namxy dng nn kinh t c lp, t ch, phthuy ni lc, hi nhp, hp tc quc t, gnkt cht ch vi pht trin vn ha, thchin tin b v cng bng x hi, bo v mitrng, thc hin cng nghip ha, hin iha t nc.
iu 51
1.Nn kinh t Vit Nam l nn kinh t thtrng nh hng x hi ch ngha vinhiu hnh thc s hu, nhiu thnh phnkinh t; kinh t nh nc gi vai tr cho.2. Cc thnh phn kinh t u l b phn cuthnh quan trng ca nn kinh t quc dn.Cc ch th thuc cc thnh phn kinh t
bnh ng, hp tc v cnh tranh theo php
lut.
3. Nh nc khuyn khch, to iu kin doanh nhn, doanh nghip v c nhn, tchc khc u t, sn xut, kinh doanh; phttrin bn vng cc ngnh kinh t, gp phnxy dng t nc. Ti sn hp php ca cnhn, t chc u t, sn xut, kinh doanhc php lut bo h v khng b quc huha.
iu 52Nh nc xy dng v hon thin th chkinh t, iu tit nn kinh t trn c s tntrng cc quy lut th trng; thc hin phncng, phn cp, phn quyn trong qun lnh nc; thc y lin kt kinh t vng,
AND ENVIRONMENT
Article 50The Socialist Republic of Vietnam builds aneconomy that is independent, self-reliant,
promoting internal strength, integrating,internationally cooperating, closely linked witcultural development, implementing social
progress and equality, protecting theenvironment, implementing industrializationand modernization of the nationArticle 511. Vietnams economy is a market economywith socialist orientations, with many forms oownership, many economic sectors: stateownership plays the leading role2. All economic sectors are importantconstituent parts of the national economy.Leading entities belonging to economic sectorare equal, cooperate and compete according tolaw.
3. The state encourages, fosters conditions forentrepreneurs, enterprises and individuals,other organizations, to invest, produ