Physical, Behavioural and Mechanical Practices in Rice IPMIntroduction
Pest management is known as an
ecological approach to tackle pest
problems, because here emphasis
is on containing pests in such a
way that other biotic components
of the system such as natural
enemies, human beings and wild
life are not harmed and
environment is preserved in
general.Birds- victims of indiscriminate pesticide use
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IPM
DB-Cultural methods
DB-Mechanical Methods
DB-Physical methods
DB-Bio-control methods
DB-Chemical methods
Multipest-modules
Dissemination
insect Disease
nematode weeds
ETL
Multiple pest management programmesIPM Concept
In IPM different methods of
pest control such as resistant
varieties, cultural methods,
physical methods,
behavioural methods,
mechanical methods, natural
enemies and pesticides are
integrated to suppress pest
population without
jeopardizing other
components of the
environment.
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PHYSICAL PRACTICES
Use of physical practices refer to
manipulation of physical factors
of environment such as light,
heat, temperature, humidity to
reduce incidence of pests, for
example light traps are used for
mass trapping and destruction of
pests by exploiting their
behaviour. Likewise, stored-grain
pests are controlled through
improved storage structures,
which are based on principles of
air tightness, thermal insulation
and moisture proofing.
Yellow stem borer
Pulse beetleCourtesy: www.pcilindia.com
Gram damaged by pulse beetleCourtesy: www.jnkvv.nic.in
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Light trap
Light traps are used for monitoring
and mass trapping of different pests
of rice. Light attracts practically most
of the pest species such as adults of
stem borer, leaf folder, leaf- and
plant-hoppers, gundhi bug,
armyworm, gall midge etc. A
container with kerosenized water
kept under light trap kills pests falling
in it.
Light trap
Rice Leaf folder
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Safe storage structures
Insect pests cause
considerable damage to
stored grain products also.
Improved storage structures
are thermal proof, moisture
proof and air proof. Safe
storage structures such as
Pusa Bin and Pusa Kothar
are based on these
principles. If properly dried
grains are stored in them
then there are least chances
of their being infested by
pests.
Pusa bin
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Behavioural practices
Pheromone traps
Besides light traps, other device
that exploits pest behaviour for
their management involves use of
sex pheromones.
Pheromones are secreted by
individuals of pest species to elicit
a specific response in other
individuals of same species.
Female sex pheromones are used
to attract and kill male moths and
thereby reducing pest incidence.
Pheromone traps against rice yellow stem borer
Pheromone trap
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The sex pheromones can be
used for monitoring, mass
trapping or mating disruption
when used at 5, 25 and 100
traps per hectare, respectively.
In case of rice yellow stem borer,
Scirpophaga incertulas, female
sex pheromone Scirpolure is
used for monitoring and mass
trapping of male moths.
Pheromone trap
Yellow stem borer female
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Mechanical practices
Mechanical practices involve use of
manual labour or machine to collect
and destroy conspicuous pest
stages and damaged plant parts.
These are very useful on small scale
and during initial stages of pest
infestation.
Clipping of tips of rice seedlings
before transplanting helps in
removing eggs of stem borer and
rice hispa thereby reducing their
incidence.
Gundhi bug
Hispa
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Collection and destruction of
‘dead hearts’ and ‘white-ears’ is
useful in containing stem borer
infestation.
Passing of rope over the young
crop is recommended for
dislodging the larval cases of the
caseworm from tillers. These are
then removed from the field by
draining the water.
Caseworm casesCourtesy: agritech.tnau.ac.in
White-ears
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Let’s Sum UpUse of physical practices refer to manipulation of physical factors of environment such as light, heat, temperature, humidity to reduce pest incidence.
Light traps are used for mass trapping and destruction of pests by exploiting their behaviour.
Stored-grain pests are controlled through improved storage structures, which are based on principles of air tightness, thermal insulation and moisture proofing.
Another device that exploits pest behaviour for their management involves use of sex pheromones.
Female sex pheromones are used to attract and kill male moths and thereby reducing pest incidence.
Mechanical practices involve use of manual labour or machines to collect and destroy conspicuous pest stages and damaged plant parts.