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Epidemiology Of Animal Bites In
Zarqa – Jordan 2007
Dr Ghazi Faisal SharkasJordan FETP
B.Majeed 1, S.Abdalla 2, R.Haddadin 3,M.Al-rashdan 4
1 CDC 2,3,4 Jordan MOH
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Background
• Animal bites represent a major publichealth problem especially in developing
countries.• Dogs, cats, rodents and other animals are
incriminated.
• Bites can cause a wide range of tissuedamage and serious infection including
tetanus and rabies.
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• According to WHO 10 million people arebitten by animals each year, of them50,000 die annually due to rabies.
• The incidence of animal bites in Jordan
had increased from 28.6 in 2003 to 50.8per 100,000 in 2007.
• Number of animals infected with rabies
also increased, fifty seven biting animalsmainly dogs were tested and foundpositive for rabies in 2007.
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• A national campaign to control wild animalsand stray dogs was launched in Jordan in2007,and animal bites are included in the
surveillance system of the directorate ofcommunicable diseases.
• Despite strict control measures, one case of
human rabies occurred in Jordan in2007,which was the only case in the last 10years.
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Cases of Animal Bite, Week, Jordan
Compared to the upper & lower threshold during the last 5 years
4 1
5 8
5 7
5 8
4 5 4
8 5 6 6
4 6 1
8 7
4 6
6 2
1 1
8
6 0
9 5
5 9
8
4
8 1
6 5
5 0
6 6
4 9
5 0
8 3
5 9
7 3
7 1
8 1 8
6
7 7
5 6
6 8
7 7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
2 7
2 8
2 9
3 0
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
3 5
3 6
3 7
3 8
3 9
4 0
4 1
4 2
4 3
4 4
4 5
4 6
4 7
4 8
4 9
5 0
5 1
5 2
C a s e s
Week
2009 Upper threshold Lower threshold 2008
Cumulative: 2191
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Objectives
1. To estimate the incidence of animalbites in Zarqa governorate.
2. To explore the epidemiologic featuresof afflicted victims and bitecharacteristics.
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Methodology
• This study was conducted in Zarqagovernorate, its population is about850,000and accounts for 15% of Jordan
population, with an area of 5300 squaredkilometers.
• In this cross sectional study we utilized
surveillance data of animal bites reportedto Zarqa health directorate in 2007.
• Epi info version 3.5.1 was used foranalysis.
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Results
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Animal bites in Zarqa 2007 by gender
Males
87%
Females
13%
Males
Females
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Animal bites in Zarqa 2007 by age groups (years)
17%15% 15%
20%
33%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-100
Percent
Age range:2-82 years
Median age:17 years
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Trend of animal bites in Zarqa by month of 2007
10
15
20
25
30
35
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
R e p o r t e d
c a s
e s
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86%
8%3% 3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%60%
70%
80%
90%
Dog Cat Rat Other
Kind of biting animal
Animal bites in Zarqa in 2007 by kind of biting animal
Percentage
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Animal bites in Zarqa 2007 by site of bite
44%
36%
10%
4% 6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Lower limbs Upper limbs Trunk Head&Face Other
Site of bite
R e p o r t e d c a s e s
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Animal bites in Zarqa governorate by district in 2007
Rusaifa, 24%
Zarqa, 34%
Add uleel, 13%
Sukhneh, 8%
Other, 22%
District n ot reported, 3%
Zarqa
Rusaifa
AdduleelSukhneh
Other
District not reported
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• Animal bites in Zarqa in 2007 accountedfor 8% of total bites in Jordan.
• Animal bites commonly occur in ruralregions, but in Zarqa about 60% of animal
bites were in urban regions possiblybecause 90% of Zarqa population lives inZarqa and Rusaifa cities.
• Most of bite victims were males, it seemsthat they stay more outside home ,and thatthey are more provocative to animals.
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• Adolescents and young adults were moreaffected than children and elderly people.
• Sixty percent of bites occurred in spring andsummer (seasonality), probably because
people exist more outside home in thisperiod.
• Results of this study was consistent withother studies in that dogs are the main bitinganimals and that the lower limbs are the
mainly affected site.
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Conclusion and
recommendations
• Animal bites are still a public health problem
in Jordan and demands extra efforts to becontrolled.
• The national campaign to get rid of straydogs should be thorough and continuous notto overlook stray dogs in urban regions.
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Acknowledgements
Special thanks to :
• Dr Adel Belbeisi
• Dr Bassam Hijjawi
• Dr Ahmed Abu-Slieh• Dr Muhannad Nsour
• Dr Sami Sheikh
• Dr Nabil Hijjawi
• Zarqa health directorate• Mr. Bassam Jarrar
• Colleagues in Jordan FETP
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THANK YOU