Plasmodium spp.
Mahamed Yassin, Zakariya Salah, Isse Ahmed
Classification
Domain- EukaryotaKindom- ChromalveolataSuperphylum- AlveolataPhylum- ApicomplexaClass- AconoidasidaOrder- HaemosporidaFamily- PlasmodiidaeGenus- PlasmodiumSpecies- falciparum
Classification
Kingdom: ProtistaPhylum: ApicomplexaClass: AconoidasidaOrder: HaemosporidaFamily: PlasmodiidaeGenus: PlasmodiumSpecies: vivax, ovale, malariae
Morphological Forms:
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium Malariae
•Tropical and subtropical areas of Central and South America•Africa•South east Asia
•Central and south America•India•South east Asia
•Primarily in subsaharan Africa
•Tropical and subtropical areas of Central and South America•Africa•South east Asia
HostsDefinitive host- Anopheles genus
Intermediate host- humans and other vertebrates such as birds and reptiles
Life Cycle
Pathogenesis
FeverChills NauseaHeadachesFatigueConfusioncomaAnemiaDEATH!!!
ControlMosquito netsInsect repellentsSpraying insecticides Draining standing waterDrugs such as
Mefloquine Doxycycline
Diagnosis
Microscope examinationUrinalysisSaliva examinationLooking for clinical signs
Treatment: P. falciparum
First line of antimalarial treatment (ACTs) artemether plus lumefantrin artesunate plus amodiaquine artesunate plus mefloquine artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine
For sever malaria best to due rapid clinical assement Adults: intravenous (IV) or Intramascular (IM) Children: IV or IM- artesunate
Treatment: P. vivax & rest
Chlorinquine- treatment of choice for P. vavix
Primaquine- if chlorinquine is unseccessful
Vaccination- Although an antimalarial vaccine is urgently needed, infected individuals never develop a sterilizing (complete) immunity, making the prospects for such a vaccine dim.
it may be possible to develop a vaccine that would reduce the severity of malaria for children living in endemic areas.
Public Health Concerns
Malaria kills more than a million people a year
Malaria death is equivalent to about 3,000 children dying This amounts for one child dying every 30 seconds
References
1. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/m/malaria/symptoms.htm#intro
2. http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/pl_sp.html
3. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/html/malaria.htm
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria