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PREPRED BY:
EDWIN LAT, RN
URI ANDRO M. ROBERTO
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COMMUNITY ORGANIZINGPARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
COPAR is a social development approachthat aims to transform the apathetic, poor intodynamic, participatory and politicallyresponsive community.
a collective, participatory, transformative,liberative, sustained and systematic processof building people's organizations bymobilizing andenhancing the capabilitiesand resources of the people for the
resolution of their exploitative conditions(1994 National Rural CO Conference).
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C O P A R
A process by which a communityidentifies its needs and objectives,
develops confidence to take action in
respect to them and in doing so, extendsand develops cooperative and
collaborative attitudes and practices in
the community (Rose 1967).
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C O P A R
A continuous and sustained process of
educating the people to understand and
develop their critical awareness of their
existing conditions, working with thepeople collectively and efficiently on
their immediate needs toward solving
their long-term problems.
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C O P A R
A middle ground where the health care
worker and the people need to attain
community organization.
A liberal freedom of the community
where the people are allowed to
participate in the overall health care
status of their community
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C O P A R
A transformation force, that enables the
individuals, families and communities to
be responsible for their own health.
A phenomenon of interest goals and
objectives and the people in their way to
health citizenry.
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COPAR is an important tool forcommunity development and peopleempowerment as this helps the
community workers to generate
community participation in development
activities. COPAR prepares people toeventually take over the management of
a development program in the future.
COPAR maximizes community
participation and involvement; communityresources are mobilized for health
development services.
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1. People, especially the oppressed,
exploited and deprived sectors are
open to change, have the capacity to
change and are able to bring about
change.2. COPAR should be based on the
interests of the poorest sectors of the
society.3. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant
community and society.
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Which begins in small, local and
concrete issues identified by the people
and the evaluation and reflection of andon the action taken by them.
OF ACTION-REFLECTION-
ACTION
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PARTICIPATORY & MASS-
BASEDBecause it is primarily directed towards
and biased in favor of the poor, the
powerless and the oppressed.
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COPAR IS GROUP-CENTEREDAnd not leader centered. Leaders are
identified, emerge and are tested
through action rather than appointed or
selected by some external force orentity.
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PRE-ENTRY
ENTRY
ORGANIZING
SUSTENANCE AND STRENTHENING
PHASE-OUT
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Pre- Entry Phase
THE INITIAL PHASE OF THEORGANIZING PROCESS WHERE THE
COMMUNITY ORGANIZER LOOKS FOR
COMMUNITIES TO SERVE OR HELP. ITIS THE MOST COMPLEX PHASE IN
TERMS OF ACTUAL OUTPUTS,
ACTIVITIES, AND STRATEGIES AND
TIME SPENT FOR IT.
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RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES, AND
REALIZATION OF COPAR
GUIDELINES.
LAYING OUT THE SITE CRITERIA.
SITE SELECTION.
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RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES: MEETING AND COURTESY CALL TO THE
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT OF THESELECTED SITE.
COURTESY CALL TO THE BARANGAYLEVEL.
MEETING W/ THE WILL BE FOSTERPARENTS OF THE HEALTH CARESTUDENTS.
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Criteria for site selection
IS THE COMMUNITY IN NEED OFASSISTANCE?
DO THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS FEEL NEEDTO WORK TOGETHER TO OVERCOME ASPECIFIC HEALTH PROBLEM?
ARE THERE CONCERNED GROUPS ANDORGANIZATIONS THAT THE NURSE CANPOSSIBLY WORK WITH?
WHAT WILL BE THE COUNTERPART OF THECOMMUNITY IN TERMS OF COMMUNITYSUPPORT, COMMITMENT AND HUMANRESOURCES?
ENTRY IN THE COMMUNITY
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ENTRY IN THE COMMUNITYAND INTEGRATION WITH
THE PEOPLE BEFORE ACTUAL ENTRY INTO THECOMMUNITY, BASIC INFORMATIONABOUT THE AREA IN RELATION TO THECULTURAL PRACTICES AND LIFESTYLES
OF THE PEOPLE MUST BE KNOWN.
ESTABLISHING RAPPORT ANDINTEGRATING WITH THEM WILL BE MUCHEASIER IF ONE IS ABLE TO UNDERSTAND,
ACCEPT OR IMBIBE THEIR COMMUNITYLIFE.
ENTRY IN THE COMMUNITY
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ENTRY IN THE COMMUNITYAND INTEGRATION WITH
THE PEOPLE LIVING WITH THE PEOPLE,UNDERGOING THEIR HARDSHIPS
AND PROBLEMS AND SHARING
THEIR HOPES AND ASPIRATIONSHELP BUILD MUTUAL TRUST AND
COOPERATION.
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RECOGNIZE THE ROLE AND POSITION OF
LOCAL AUTHORITIES.
ADAPT A LIFESTYLE IN KEEPING W/ THAT
OF THE COMMUNITY.CHOOSE A MODEST DWELLING WHICH
THE PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY THE
ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED WILL
NOT HESITATE TO ENTER.
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AVOID RAISING EXPECTATIONS OF THEPEOPLE. BE CLEAR W/ YOUROBJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS.
PARTICIPATE DIRECTLY IN PRODUCTIONPROCESS.
MAKE HOUSE CALLS AND SEEK OUTPEOPLE WHERE THEY USUALLYGATHER.
PARTICIPATE IN SOME SOCIALACTIVITIES.
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ENTRY PHASE
SOMETIMES CALLED THE IMMERSIONPHASE AS IT THE ACTIVITIES DONE HERE
INCLUDES THE SENTIZATION OF THE
PEOPLE ON THE CRITICAL EVENTS IN
THEIR LIFE, MOTIVATING THEM TO SHARE
THEIR DREAMS AND IDEAS ON HOW TO
MANAGE THEIR CONCERNS AND
EVENTUALLY MOBILIZING THEM TO MAKE
COLLECTIVE ACTION ON THESE.
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RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES: COURTESY CALL TO MAYOR, OR THE
LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEADER OF
THE SELECTED SITE.
COURTESY CALL TO THE BARANGAYLEVEL.
MEETING WITH THE FOSTER
PARENTS.APPRECIATING THE ENVIRONMENT.
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RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:MEETING WITH COMMUNITY
OFFICIALS AND RESIDENTS.
GENERAL ASSEMBLY.
PREPARATION OF SURVEY FORMS.
ACTUAL SURVEY.
ANALYSIS OF THE DATA GATHERED.
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ORGANIZATIONAL-
BUILDING PHASE
THE FORMATION OF MORE FORMALSTRUCTURES AND THE INCLUSION OFMORE FORMAL PROCEDURES OFPLANNING, IMPLEMENTING AND
EVALUATING COMMUNITY-WIDEACTIVITIES. IT IS AT THIS PHASEWHERE THE ORGANIZED LEADERS ORGROUPS ARE BEING GIVEN TRAININGSTO DEVELOP THEIR ASK (ATTITUDE,
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS) INMANAGING THEIR OWNCONCERNS/PROGRAMS.
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RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES: MEETING WITH THE OFFICIALS. IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS.
SPREADING AWARENESS AND
SOLICITING SOLUTION OR
SUGGESTION.
ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENTED
SOLUTION.
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RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES: PLANNING OF THE ACTIVITIES.ORGANIZING THE PEOPLE TO BUILD
THEIR OWN ORGANIZATION.
REGISTRATION OF THEORGANIZATION.
IMPLEMENTING OF THE SAID
ACTIVITIES. EVALUATION.
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SUSTENANCE AND
STRENGTHENING PHASE
OCCUR WHEN THE COMMUNITYORGANIZATION HAS ALREADY BEENESTABLISHED AND THE COMMUNITY-WIDEUNDERTAKINGS. AT THIS POINT, THE
DIFFERENT COMMITTEES SET-UP IN THEORGANIZATION-BUILDING PHASE AREALREADY EXPECTED TO BE FUNCTIONINGBY WAY OF PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING ANDEVALUATING THEIR OWN PROGRAMS, W/
THE OVERALL GUIDANCE FROM THECOMMUNITY-WIDE ORGANIZARION.
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RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES:MEETING WITH THE
ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERS.
EVALUATION OF THE PROGRAMS.
RE-IMPLEMENTING OF THE
PROGRAMS. (FOR UNMET GOALS)
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RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES: EDUCATION AND TRAINING.NETWORKING AND LINKING.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LIVELIHOODPROJECTS.
DEVELOPING SECONDARY LEADERS.
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PHASE OUT
THE PHASE WHEN THE HEALTH CAREWORKERS LEAVE THE COMMUNITY TOSTAND-ALONE. THIS PHASE SHOULD BESTATED DURING THE ENTRY PHASE SO
THAT THE PEOPLE WILL BE READY TOFOR THIS PHASE. THE ORGANIZATIONSBUILT SHOULD BE READY TO SUSTAINTHE TEST OF THE COMMUNITY ITSELFBECAUSE THE REAL EVALUATION WILL
BE DONE BY THE RESIDENTS OF THECOMMUNITY ITSELF.
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RECOMMENDED
ACTIVITIES: LEAVING THE IMMERSION SITE.
DOCUMENTATION.
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The Community Health Workeras a Documenter / Reporter
Community workers takes responsibility
to disseminate pertinent information to
appropriate authorities, agencies, and
most especially to the client. At thesame time, the community worker
develops the peoples capabilities to
keep/maintain their recording and
reporting system.
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1. Measure service/program directed to
the clients.
2. Provide basis for future planning.
3. Interpret the work to the public and
other agencies, community.
4. Aid in studying the conditions of the
community.5. Contributes to client care.
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