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LOGO
Cassava bagasse cellulosenanofibrils reinforced
thermoplastic cassava starch
Present by : Ratc
hada Fongchaiya
By : Eliangela de M. Teixeira, Daniel Pasquini, Antnio A.S.Curvelo, Elisngela Corradini, Mohamed N. Belgacem,Alain Dufresne
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Outline
Introduction1
Experimental2
Results and Discussion3
Conclusion4
References5
2
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Introduction
Thermoplastic Starch
Cassava Bagasse
Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a biodegradable polymer
with brittleness and poor water resistance
3
The cassava bagasse is the industrial exploitation
of cassava starch.
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Introduction
Transmision electron microscopy (TEM)
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
CharacterizedBy
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Tensile tests
Water uptake
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Experimental
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10 g of cassava bagasse (CS) weredispersed in 200 mL of 6.5 M H
2SO
4
centrifugationat 8000 rpm for 10 min and
Dialysis against distilled water until pH 6-7
Cassava Starch (CS) mixed withglycerol or a glycerol/sorbitol mixture
Stearic acid (0.5 wt%) was
added to each mixture
Mixtures a Haake Rheomix 600equipped with rollerrotors rotating at 60 rpm 6 min
Processed samples at 140 C into 1 and 2 mm thick
plates
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Results and discussion
(a) SEM of CB
(b) SEM of CBN
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Scanning electron micrograph of (a) CB and (b) dried CBN.
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Results and discussion
Physical aspect suspension of CBN
100 nm
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Diameter 2 -11 nm
Length 360 1700 nm
TEM dilute
suspension of CBN.
AFM dried CBN.
Diameter higher value
25 7 nm
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Atromic force microscopy
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AFM
AFM
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Results and discussion
RetentionTime
Codifi-cation
Probable component
6.37 a Maltose
7.08 b Maltose, Sucrose,
Cellobiose
8.25 c Glucose, Sucrose
8.63 d Sucrose
9.30 e Fructose, Xylose
10.20 f Arabinose
10.75 g n.i. (*)
12.32 h n.i. (*)
13.40 i Formic acid
14.58 j Acetic acid
2.77 k n.i. (*)
The standards and CBN
chromatogram of HPLC
10 (*)n.i., not identified.
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Results and discussion
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X ray diffraction patterns forCB and dried CBN
Crystallinity index
Cassava Bagasse (CB) 43.7 %CBN 54.1 %
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Results and discussion
TGA curves measured under air at 20 C min-1 flow for CB and CBN
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At 50 150C whichcorresponds to a mass loss of
absorbed moisture of 12%.At 220 280C starchand cellulose
decomposition.
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Results and discussion
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SEM of freshly fractured surface of TPSG (A), TPSG20 (B), TPSGS (C),
and TPSGS20 (D).
(A) TPSG
(B) TPSG20 (D) TPSGS20
(C) TPSGS
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Results and discussion
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X-ray diffraction of TPSG and TPSGS.
2 = 19.6
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Results and discussion
CBN content (wt%) Crystalinity index (2 = 19.6) Water uptake (%)
TPSG TPSGS TPSG TPSGS
0 35 31 11.24 0.11 9.30 0.14
5 33 26 7.11 0.10 7.65 0.11
10 32 28 7.30 0.08 7.70 0.18
20 33 28 7.63 0.06 7.90 0.15
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Quantitative characterization of crystallinity (2= 19.6) and water uptake at equilibrium (after 10
days conditioning at 25 2 C and 53% RH) for neat matrices and nanocomposites samples.
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Results and discussion
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tan as a function of
temperature
Tg ~ 20C
Tg ~ 25C
Tg ~ 45C
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Results and discussion
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Log E' as a function of
temperature.
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Results and discussion
CBN content (%) Tgstarch
(C) Log E(25 C) (MPa)
TPSG TPSGS TPSG TPSGS
0 45 25 7.40 8.06
5 20 25 7.45 8.15
10 20 25 7.72 8.22
20 20 25 7.72 8.24
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Main relaxation temperature (Tgstarch
) and logarithm of the storage modulus (E0)
for the samples.
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Results and discussion
1.81.5
2.82.6
4.1
4.8
3.84.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15 20
TensileStrendth(MP
a)
%CBN
29.8
76.7 76.5
55
83.3
71
79
92.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20
Elonga
tionatbreak(%)
% CBN
16.823.7 25.8
27.3
44.5
84.3
51.5 49.1
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20
ElasticModulus(MPa)
% CBN19
TPSGS
TPSG
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Conclusion
Cellulose nanofibrils with high length (3601700 nm) and low diameter (211 nm) weredirectly extracted from cassava bagasse.
These phenomena seem to be more favored when using the glycerol/sorbitol mixture than
when using glycerol alone.
The addition of cellulose nanofibers in the thermoplastic starch matrix results in a
decrease of its hydrophilic character and capacity of water uptake especially for glycerol
plasticized samples.
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References
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Eliangela de M. Teixeira, Daniel Pasquini, Antnio A.S., Curvelo, Elisngela Corradini,Mohamed N. Belgacem, Alain Dufresne 2009, Cassava bagasse cellulose nanofibrilsreinforced thermoplastic cassava starch, Carbohydrate Polymers 78 (3), 422431.
Curvelo, A. A. S., de Carvalho, A. J. F., & Agnelli, J. A. M. (2001). Thermoplastic starchcellulosic fibers composites: Preliminary results. Carbohydrate Polymers 45, 183188
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