Perception without judgment is spineless;
judgment with no perception is blind.
Introversion lacking any extraversion is impractical;
extraversion with no introversion is superficial.
Isabel Briggs Myers (Myers 174)
• According to Carl Jung, every individual has some basic preferences which become basis for similarities and differences between them
•Mother-daughter team, Katherine Briggs & Isabel Myers expanded on Jung’s work and developed MBTI, an instrument to help people identify their preferences
• Used globally both in education and corporate settings
STRUCTURE OF MBTI:• Includes 93 questions• Only two choices for each
question – Word Pairs or Short Statements• Words & Statements chosen to
reflect dichotomy preference• Example :
I prefer to work a. Alone b. In a team
EXTRAVERSION & INTRAVERSION
(WHERE DO YOU GET YOUR ENERGIES FROM?)
SENSING & INTUTION (HOW DO YOU PREFER TO TAKE IN INFORMATION?)
THINKING & FEELING (HOW DO YOU MAKE
DECISIONS?)
JUDGING & PERCEIVING (HOW DO YOU DEAL WITH THE
OUTERWORLD?)
FOUR DICHOTOMIES OF
MBTI
E – I DICHOTOMY (ENERGY)
Extraversion is act of being energised by the world
outside. Enjoy socializing, tend to be more assertive,
enthusiastic, talkative & animated.
Introversion is state of being predominately concerned
with one’s inner world. Tend to be more quiet, reserved
and peaceful.
S – I DICHOTOMY (INFORMATION)
Sensing refers to processing data through five senses. Focus on the present and prefer to learn by doing rather than thinking it
through.
Intuition refers to how people process data. Keener to the meaning and patterns
behind information. Easily see the bigger picture than
the details.
T – F DICHOTOMY (DECISIONS)
Thinking refers to how people make decisions. Objective and base their decisions on hard
logic and facts. Analytical, prefer to be task oriented and fair.
Feeling people base their decisions on personal values and
principles. Governed by their heart and want to maintain harmony among the group.
J – P DICHOTOMY (LIFESTYLE)
Judging people are organized & prompt. Find the outcome more
rewarding than the process of creating something. They seek
closure.
Perceiving people prefer flexibility and live their life
spontaneously. Dislike structure and prefer to adapt to new
situations. Open to new options and experiences. Enjoy the
process more than the outcome.
16 PERSONALITY TYPE DESCRIPTIONS:
ESTJ: The Guardian Reliable, Realistic, Assertive
ESFJ: The Caregiver Practical, Organized, Excellent Leader
ISTJ: The Duty Fulfiller Loyal, Logical, Responsible
ISFJ: The Nurturer Traditional, Supportive, Dutiful
ESTP: The Doer Friendly, Spontaneous, Direct
ESFP: The Performer Observant, Artistic, Caring
INTJ: The Scientist Determined, Individualistic, Perfectionist
INTP: The Thinker Reserved, Logical, Understanding
ENFJ: The Giver Altruistic, Friendly, Idealistic
ENFP: The Inspirer Animated, Inspiring, Admired
INFJ : The Protector Compassionate, Gentle, Creative
INFP: The Idealist Introspective, Warm, Helpful
ISTP: The Mechanic Analytical, Adaptable, Objective
ENTJ: The Executive Charismatic, Inspiring, Decisive
ENTP: The Visionary Curious, Innovative, Outgoing
ISFP: The Artist Tolerant, Realistic, Adaptable
PROS:• Helps in realizing strengths and
weaknesses of oneself and others.• Facilitates an understanding and
appreciation of differences among human beings.
• Fair Analysis. All types are equal.
CONS:• Measures preferences , not the
actual person• Type descriptions are archetype• Reliability is low. Particularly for
children since they are in growing age
• Does not measure personalities, traits and character.