CO2 conversion to value added chemicals : An Overview
Dr Vijaykumar S. MarakattiResearch associate,JNCASR, Bangalore
CO2 level in earth atmosphere
Global warming (Green house effect) caused by remarkable increase of CO2 emission into the atmospheres.
Imbalance in carbon cycle.
high blood pressure , headache , flushed skin and twitching the muscles , vomiting , irregular heartbeat
https://www.co2.earth/
Contribution of CO2 emission by different countries
CO2 emission by different Sectors
15,300 Mt CO2 in 2035 13,000 Mt CO2 in 2010
Source of CO2
The cost of CO2 separation varies in a wide range from 15 to 90 US$/t.
The cost is today quite high being around 80−130 US$/tCO2.
Why CO2 activation is difficult
CO2 to methanol
Hydrocarbon -----------------> CO +H2----------- > CH3OHSteam Reforming Fischer -Troph
CO2 H2
If this process need to be viable – The price of CO2 and H2 should be less or equivalent to the Hydrocarbon price
CO2-- > Flue Gas--- >Purification ,Seperation, sorptionH2---> Renewable Energy sources --- > Electrolysis, water splitting, photo catalysis, wind.
This process is highly exothermic, Heat need to be removed by water and 0.8 t CO2 /t MeOH is produced in this process
H2 Production Cost
First Pilot Plat to Synthesize Methanol
from CO2 and H2
Mitsui Chemicals has put a pilot plant capacity of 100 t/y MeOH at Osaka, Japan
Petrochemical Factory
Production of H2 at Lower Cost
Why Methanol is so Important ?
It is the raw material for various chemicals
Catalyst development for CO2 to Methanol
Cu – H2 dissociation.ZnO2 with – dispersion of Cu and also absorption o f CO2
CO2 to methane Sabtier Reaction : CO2 + 4 H2--- > CH4 + 2H2O
International Space Station (ISS) and other low orbit missions, metabolically-generated CO2 is removed from the cabin air and vented into space, resulting in a net loss of O2. This requires a continuous resupply of O2 via water electrolysis, large water difficult to store.
CO2 + H2 ---- > Water + Methane
O2 +H2
Respiration Astronaut
Fuel
Norwegian company, Norway
Flue Gas + Methane, Pilot Plant
BP and thohaku University , Japan
Highly selective for the Methane , H2 from Sea Water
Desert Research institute
Pilot plat – Conversion of Co2 to 60% at 300 C
CO2 to Dimethyl Ether
CO2+H2 ----- > CH3OH ------- > DME
CO2+H2--------------------------- > DMEBifunctionl catalyst-- Cu based catalyst to support on Acidic Zeolite ZSM-5 or Al2O3 oxide.Cu ---> CH3OH …. Zeolite helps in Dehydartaion
High cetane number additive for the Fuel Diesel.
Korean Gas Corporation and Unitel technologies
Worlds first Largest DME Plant From CO2 Capacity - 300 Kt /Y
Core Technology
Economic Analysis
Commercial CO2 Plant
Still a Lot Of Chemicals Need to Be Synthesized ………….Let Us Develop the catalyst and Process and Save the Earth From CO2……………….
Thank You