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Introduction History
Description
Impact
Etiology Risk Factors
Prevention
Overview
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What is Dementia?
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Dementia Literally means without mind
Referred to a variety of mental illness
Senile/Senility
Literally means old age Developed negative connotation due to cognitive decline assoc
with the elderly
History
(Birchtold & Cottman, 1998
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Age related cognitive decline first recorded byPythagoras in the 7thcentury, B.C.
Old age (Senium) begins at 63
A long period of physical decline and decay,
and regression of mental capacity
A return to the imbecility of infancy
Fortunately, few humans experience it
History
(Birchtold & Cottman, 1998
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Plato and Aristotle (3rdcentury B.C.)
Mental failure in old age inevitable
Elderly are useless in roles requiring high ability,due to deterioration of imagination, judgment,
reasoning, and memory Didnt link deterioration to organic causes
History
(Birchtold & Cottman, 1998
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Cicero (2ndcentury B.C.)
Senile debility is not characteristic of all elderly
The weak minded affected more
An active mental life can prevent or postpone
mental failure Should be considered a disease and defended
against
History
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Galen (150-200, A.D.)
Mental deterioration with age inevitable, and dueto reduced number of animal spirits and fromcoldness and humidity in the brain
Little progress for more than a millennium Roger Bacon (1214-1294)
memory is a function of the brain
cognitive decline is due to injury to the brainoccurring in old age.
History
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Dementia described by Shakespeare in literaryworks (14th/15thcentury , A.D.)
Differentiated between cognitive decline andmadness
Commented on both affective and cognitive
changes that occur with dementia
Many elderly with symptoms of dementiavictimized during witch hunts (1400-1600s, A.D.)
History
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Human dissection becomes popular/acceptablein the 1700s
Brain atrophy first observed
Senile dementia classified as medical condition(neuroses) resulting from disturbed nervous
system function Senile dementia defined as decay of perception
and memory in old age Cullen
History
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Suspected causes for senile-dementia in theearly 19thcentury:
History
Menstrual disordersSequelae of deliveryHead injuriesProgression of age
Ataxic feverHemorrhoids surgeryMania and monomaniaParalysisApoplexySyphilis
Mercury abuseDietary excessesWine abuseMasturbation
Unhappy loveFearsPolitical upheavalsUnfulfilled ambitionsPovertyDomestic problems
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In the 1860s decreasedbrain weight linked tosenile dementia and eventually brain atrophy
1890s Brain atrophy in dementia attributed tolesions caused by neurovascular events
(strokes), cutting off the blood supply to thebrain
1898 senile dementia differentiated fromdementia praecox (later schizophrenia)
History
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1907 Alois Alzheimer using advancing cellularstaining techniques discovered neurofibriltangles, and plaques throughout the brain of adeceased 51 year old with pre-senile dementia
Auguste D. is first observed case of Alzheimersdisease
5 cases of Alzheimers Disease discovered by1910
History
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No universal definition
Considered to be a syndrome, analogous tounhealthy aging, a diagnostic label
Deterioration in at least three of the following
domains: memory, language, visuospatial skills,personality or behavior, and executive functioning
Common symptoms include forgetfulness,language deterioration, mood changes, impaired
judgment, and loss of initiative
Current Definition & Descriptio
(Mandell & Green, 2011; Cu
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Celebrities w/ DementiaCharles Bronson
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Celebrities w/ DementiaJames Doohan
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Celebrities w/ DementiaCharlton Heston
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Celebrities w/ DementiaRonald Reagan
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2005 24 million people with dementia globally
A new case every 7 seconds
Alzheimers Disease (AD) accounts for up to70% of all dementia cases
AD is 5thleading killer in the U.S. of adults overage 65
Over 100$ billion a year for care (US)
Dementia Pandemic
(M
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Dementia Pandemic
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Dementia Pandemic
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Dementia Pandemic
(M
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2005 24 million people with dementia
A new case every 7 seconds
Alzheimers Disease (AD) 5thleading killer inthe U.S.
Prognosis
(M