Properties of Properties of MatterMatter
Look at this picture… What Look at this picture… What do you see?do you see?
Its all matterIts all matter
Everything around you is matter… even things Everything around you is matter… even things you do not see like air and microbesyou do not see like air and microbes
A Substance is matter that has a uniform and A Substance is matter that has a uniform and unchanging chemical compositionunchanging chemical composition
Table salt or NaCL, (Sodium Chloride) is a Table salt or NaCL, (Sodium Chloride) is a substancesubstance
Sea water is Sea water is
Not a substanceNot a substance
Substances are key in Substances are key in chemistrychemistry
Substances change into different Substances change into different substances. substances.
Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
A Physical Property is a characteristic that can A Physical Property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the be observed or measured without changing the samples compositionsamples composition
Physical properties can describe matter and Physical properties can describe matter and substancessubstances
Examples: Density, Color, Odor, Taste, Examples: Density, Color, Odor, Taste, Hardness, Melting Point, Boiling PointHardness, Melting Point, Boiling Point
Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties
Another property of matter are chemical Another property of matter are chemical propertiesproperties
Chemical Properties are the ability of a Chemical Properties are the ability of a substance to combine with or change into substance to combine with or change into one or more substancesone or more substances
States of MatterStates of Matter All matter exists as one of three physical All matter exists as one of three physical
formsforms
Solids – a form of matter that has its own Solids – a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volumedefinite shape and volume
Wood, Iron and Paper are examplesWood, Iron and Paper are examples
The particles of a solid are packed tightly The particles of a solid are packed tightly together and when heated they expandtogether and when heated they expand
LiquidLiquid
Liquids are a form of matter that flows, Liquids are a form of matter that flows, has constant volume and takes the shape has constant volume and takes the shape of its containerof its container
Ex. Water, Blood, MercuryEx. Water, Blood, Mercury The particles in a liquid are The particles in a liquid are
not held rigidly together and are not held rigidly together and are
less closely packed than solids and can less closely packed than solids and can move past each other.move past each other.
GasGas
A gas is a form of matter that expands to fill the A gas is a form of matter that expands to fill the entire containerentire container
The particles of gas are very far apart The particles of gas are very far apart compared to liquids and solidscompared to liquids and solids
Gases can be compressed because they are Gases can be compressed because they are so far apartso far apart
Vapor is the gaseous state of a substance that Vapor is the gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temperatureis solid or liquid at room temperature
workwork Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical
properties.properties. 1. Water and oil not mixing together1. Water and oil not mixing together 2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside 3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a 3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a
“volcano”“volcano” 4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid, 4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid,
which a liquid, which a gas?which a liquid, which a gas?
A. B. C. A. B. C.
AnswersAnswers Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical Classify the 3 following events as physical or chemical
properties.properties. 1. Water and oil not mixing together1. Water and oil not mixing together physical physical 2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside2. A screwdriver rusting due to being outside chemical chemical 3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a 3. Vinegar and Baking soda reacting to make a
“volcano”“volcano” chemical chemical 4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid 4. Which of the following pictures shows a solid A A, ,
which a liquid which a liquid C C, which a gas, which a gas B B
A. B. C. A. B. C.
Changes in MatterChanges in Matter
Copper can undergo physical changes and Copper can undergo physical changes and chemical changeschemical changes
Physical: It can be drawn outPhysical: It can be drawn out into a wireinto a wire
Chemical: When combinedChemical: When combined with Ammonia it turns a with Ammonia it turns a Blue-ish colorBlue-ish color
Physical ChangePhysical Change
Changes which alter a substance without Changes which alter a substance without changing its composition are physical changing its composition are physical changes.changes.
Ex. Cutting a piece of paper, breaking a Ex. Cutting a piece of paper, breaking a crystalcrystal
Name some other physical changesName some other physical changes
Phase changes – a form Phase changes – a form of physical changeof physical change
As temperature and/or pressure change substances As temperature and/or pressure change substances can change forms or phasescan change forms or phases
At 0At 0° Celsius water or H2O exists as a solid, known as ° Celsius water or H2O exists as a solid, known as iceice
As heat is added the ice melts it becomes liquid water.As heat is added the ice melts it becomes liquid water. When the temperature of the liquid water reaches 100 ° When the temperature of the liquid water reaches 100 °
Celsius it changes again it Vapor, the gaseous form of Celsius it changes again it Vapor, the gaseous form of waterwater
These changes are physical because even though the These changes are physical because even though the water in different states has different appearances, it is water in different states has different appearances, it is still water, Hstill water, H22OO
Phase Change VocabularyPhase Change Vocabulary
The words; Boil, Freeze, Condense, The words; Boil, Freeze, Condense, Vaporize, or Melt, are referring to phase Vaporize, or Melt, are referring to phase changeschanges
Phase changes indicate matter changing Phase changes indicate matter changing from liquid to gas, solid to liquid, etc.from liquid to gas, solid to liquid, etc.
Chemical ChangesChemical Changes
A process that involves one or more A process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances changing into new substances is a chemical change or substances is a chemical change or chemical reactionchemical reaction
Substances formed in the reaction have Substances formed in the reaction have different compositions and different different compositions and different properties than the starting substancesproperties than the starting substances
Evidence of Chemical Evidence of Chemical ReactionsReactions
Always produces a change in propertiesAlways produces a change in properties
SOMETHING NEW!!!!
Law of Conservation of Law of Conservation of MassMass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reactionduring a chemical reaction
Mass of reactants = Mass of ProductsMass of reactants = Mass of Products
Discovered in the 1700s by Antoine Discovered in the 1700s by Antoine Lavoisier Lavoisier
ExampleExample
In an experiment, 10.0g of red mercury (II) In an experiment, 10.0g of red mercury (II) oxide powder is placed in an open flask and oxide powder is placed in an open flask and heated until it is converted to liquid mercury heated until it is converted to liquid mercury and oxygen gas. The liquid mercury has a and oxygen gas. The liquid mercury has a mass 9.26g. What is the mass of the Oxygen mass 9.26g. What is the mass of the Oxygen gas formed in the reaction?gas formed in the reaction?
Remember the Law Of Conservation OF Mass.Remember the Law Of Conservation OF Mass.
More workMore work Identify the following as physical or chemical Identify the following as physical or chemical
changeschanges 1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the 1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the
classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly gone.gone.
2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air 2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air and then explodes into a beautiful red circle.and then explodes into a beautiful red circle.
3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot 3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water outside the glassoutside the glass
More More AnswersAnswers Identify the following as physical or chemical Identify the following as physical or chemical
changeschanges 1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the 1. Liquid Nitrogen is released on the floor of the
classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly classroom, it quickly evaporates and is suddenly gone. gone. physicalphysical
2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air 2. A firework is lit and quickly launches into the air and then explodes into a beautiful red circle. and then explodes into a beautiful red circle. chemicalchemical
3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot 3. You are having a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is summer day, you suddenly notice your glass is “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water “sweating” and is covered with tiny drops of water outside the glass outside the glass physicalphysical
Classifying MatterClassifying Matter We classify matter as either Substances We classify matter as either Substances
(having a uniform composition) and (having a uniform composition) and Mixtures.Mixtures.
Mixtures are a combination of two or more Mixtures are a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure pure substances in which each pure substance retains its own propertiessubstance retains its own properties
Heterogeneous MixtruesHeterogeneous Mixtrues
Heterogeneous Mixtures do not blend Heterogeneous Mixtures do not blend smoothly throughout and individual smoothly throughout and individual substances are visiblesubstances are visible
Homogeneous MixturesHomogeneous Mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures have the same Homogeneous mixtures have the same composition throughout and always have composition throughout and always have a single phase.a single phase.
Also referred to as solutionsAlso referred to as solutions
Different types of Different types of solutionssolutions
Gas-Gas - air is a mix of Nitrogen, Gas-Gas - air is a mix of Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon gasesoxygen, and argon gases
Gas-Liquid - Carbonated beveragesGas-Liquid - Carbonated beverages Solid-Liquid - Kool-Aid contains sugar Solid-Liquid - Kool-Aid contains sugar
and other solids in waterand other solids in water Solid-Solid – Steel is an alloy of iron Solid-Solid – Steel is an alloy of iron
containing carboncontaining carbon
Separating Mixtures – most Separating Mixtures – most matter exists as mixturesmatter exists as mixtures
Filtration – using paper or another Filtration – using paper or another porous material to separate heterogeneous porous material to separate heterogeneous mixturesmixtures
Distillation – uses differences of Distillation – uses differences of boiling points of liquids to separateboiling points of liquids to separatea homogeneous mixture of liquidsa homogeneous mixture of liquids
Separating MatterSeparating Matter
Crystallization – forming solids from a liquid Crystallization – forming solids from a liquid solution containing solidssolution containing solids
Chromatography – separates components of Chromatography – separates components of a mixture on tendency to move across a mixture on tendency to move across another material ( not covered but another material ( not covered but
You should remember this)You should remember this)
Elements and CompoundsElements and Compounds
An element is a pure substance which can not be An element is a pure substance which can not be separated into a simpler form by physical or chemical separated into a simpler form by physical or chemical meansmeans
91 naturally occurring elements on earth91 naturally occurring elements on earth (Copper, Gold, Silver, Hydrogen etc.)(Copper, Gold, Silver, Hydrogen etc.)
Each has a one or two letter symbolEach has a one or two letter symbol
Au= gold, O= oxygen, Hg = Mercury, C= carbon Au= gold, O= oxygen, Hg = Mercury, C= carbon
CompoundsCompounds
Compounds are combinations of two or more Compounds are combinations of two or more different elements that are combined different elements that are combined chemicallychemically
Water, table salt, aspirin are all compoundsWater, table salt, aspirin are all compounds
Table Salt = Sodium (Na) Chloride (Cl) or NaClTable Salt = Sodium (Na) Chloride (Cl) or NaCl Water = Di-Hydrogen (H2) Oxide (O) or H2OWater = Di-Hydrogen (H2) Oxide (O) or H2O
THE ENDTHE END