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Design of a non-lethal
assault rifleSupervisor: Ms. Janny Chan
Kit Leung, S4 Joy
Victoria Shanghai Academy
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Table of content
Topic Page Number
Introduction 3
Description of the process 4
Researchand Investigation 4 CreationofProduct 6
Analysis 8
Research Stage 8 Creation Stage 9
Conclusion 10
Bibliography 12
Appendix 15
Appendix I Picturesfrom Vietnam 16 Appendix II ExplanationofSuppressorand Bayonet Lug 17
Appendix III The Design Prototypes: StandardandCompact Versions 18 Appendix IV Brochure 19
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Introduction
Theassaultrifleisanessentialequipmentofthearmedforces. Itisastatusandalargesymbolinthehistoryoffirearmsdevelopment. Theinventionoftheassaultrifleforever
changestheinfantrywarfare. However,firearmscausedseriousdamagetothehuman
body, whereinsomeinstancesthe killingpowerisunnecessary. Therefore,expertsand
manufacturersinthedefenceindustrybeganthedevelopmentofnon-lethal weaponsand
ordnancetodecreasethedeathrate whilemaintainingtheeffectivestoppingpower.
Besidesthemilitary,theordinarycitizensandpolicearealsothemainusersoffirearms.
Insuchsituations, whenarobberbreaksintoaproperty,thefirstinstinctistheperson
wouldgrabafirearm (ifavailable)tofightback, whentheoperatorofthefirearm
successfullyshootstherobber,mostofthetimehe wouldbeseverelyinjuredorsometimesdie. Inmyopinion,thisisanoveruseofforce. Instead,apersonshoulduse
somesortoflesslethal weapontostoptherobbersactionandtobringhim/hertojustice.
Thegoalofmypersonalprojectistodesignanon-lethalassaultrifleforthepurposeof
selfdefence. Theachievementofmygoalisshownthroughthefinalproduct, whichisto
designaprototypeassaultrifleandthecartridge, withtheadditionalpresentationofa
brochureofthefinalproduct. Thereason why I usedthismethodisbecausethisisoneof
themostcommon waysfordefenceindustriestopromotetheirproduct, I alsothinkthat
thebrochureistheeasiestmethodtopresenttheinformationtothepublicandtheprocess
ofmakingitdoesnttakemuchtimeanditisnotcomplicated.
Theareaofinteraction (AOI)ofthisprojectisHuman Ingenuity,asthisAOI greatly
emphasizesthestepsofcreationandtheimpacttowardspeople,societyandeventhe
world, whichthecreationfortheprototypeandevaluatingtheuseofthenon-lethal
weaponinthesocietyisgreatlylinkedtotheAOI. Toachievethegoaloftheproject,
extensiveresearchisconducted,makingconceptsfortheproduct,constantlyreviewing
improvementandfinallyevaluatingtheresultsoftheproduct. Fromtheproject, I learnt
moreabouttheconceptofnon-lethal weapons,thetypesofthematerialsthatcancreate
non-lethalimpact,thecomponentsoftherifleandsearchingforthecartridgewhichissuitableforplacingthenon-lethalmaterial,mostimportantofall,experiencingtheentire
processofdesigningtheprototype. Meanwhile, I alsoimprovedanddevelopedbetter
skillsinresearch,planning,timemanagementandtheorganizationofdata.
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Description of the process
Research and investigation
Beforestartingtoproposethedesignofmyprototype,extensiveinformationgatheringis
requiredtoletmefullyunderstandtheconcept,theusageandtheabilityofanassault
rifle. Whileconductingtheresearch, I haveuseddifferentsources,liketheinternet,
televisiondocumentaries,militarymagazinesandbooks, wheremultipletypesof
resourcesgavememoreandsometimesextrainformationabouttheassaultrifle. Besides
lookingintothetechnicalaspectoftheassaultrifle, I alsotrytoexplorehow the
manufacturers,thesoldiers,andthelaw enforcementofficersthinkabouttheuseofthe
assaultrifle,thisisimportantsothatduringthecreationoftheproduct, I willhavetoconsiderthestandingpointoftheoperator, wherethiscouldbemoreeffectively
promotedtoeitherthemilitaryforcesorlaw enforcementagencies withpositiveresults.
Inaddition,itcanevensavetimeforcorrectionfromdesigningerrorsforthe
manufacturers. Lastbutnotleast,isthestudyontheconceptofnonlethal weapon,
meaningeliminatingtheopponentsstrengthtofightback withoutthefearofkillingthe
person. Thenon-lethaltechnologythat I haveresearchedincludesthenon-lethalconcept,
how isitusedandthedifferenttypesofnon-lethal weapons (stungun,incapacitating
agentsanddartsthatfiressedativeagents)andordnance (bulletsthatismadeofplastic
andrubber),inadditiontothereviewsbyexperts,policeandthecommonusersofthe
non-lethal weapons.
Asmyfinalproductistocreateaprototypeofanassaultrifle withnon-lethaleffect, I
searchedtheinformationonthecomponentsofanassaultrifletostart with. Thisisvery
helpfultomycreationstage,sothat I wouldnotbeconfusedandtoletme know the
componentsofthefirearmthoroughly. Furtherrelatedresearchesincludingdifferent
typesofcartridgesthatarepopularlyusedinmanycountriesarmedforces, wherethisis
equallyimportantasit wouldnotbemeaningfulifthefirearmdoesnthavethe
specificationofwhat kindofcartridgetobefired. I alsostudiedthegunlawsandacts1as
thetargetgroupforthepromotionoftheassaultriflearecivilians, wheretheseoperatorsaretobecomplied withthestrictrules. Finallyistheresearchonthedifferenttypesof
non-lethalmaterialsthatcouldbefittedintothebullettip.
1Countries that I have researched for laws and acts related to firearms include USA, UK, Germany, Finland
and South Africa
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Inadditiontomyresearch, I haveconductedaninterview2andearnedararechanceto
shootarealrifle withliveroundsduringmyvacationto Vietnam3. Theeffectivenessof
utilizingboththeprimaryandsecondarysourcesgivesmeinspirationandideasthat will
behelpfulinmydesign. Mostimportantly,theprimarysourcesgivemeabonusof
experiencefrom which I cangainmoreideasto writefortheevaluationofmyproject.
Alltheresearchesandthegatheringoftheinformationaresavedindifferentfilesunder
onecomputerfolderwithclearindications,thisistosavethehassleofwhich kindof
information I actuallyfoundandcarelesslyrepeatedintheresearchagain.Allthefiles
arerecorded withthedateandtime, whichthen willbeincludedintotheprocessjournal
asareferenceandallthematerials I havefoundarecompleted withthe EasyBibwebsite
todothebibliographyinanaccurateandefficientmanner. Utilisingthistypeofmethod
helpsmetobemoreorganizedinfacingthistypeofproject.
Overtime, I havemadedecisionstocontinuemoreindepthresearchandlayingoutthe
designcriterionoftheproduct. Suchasatthefirststage,choosingthedesignconfigurationintraditionalform
4, whichmostpeoplearefamiliarandareusedto,
thereforethisdecision wastakeninaveryshortperiodoftime.Anothermajordecisionin
theproject wasthechoosingofanappropriatecartridge,afterathoroughreview onthe
contestants, I havechosenthe.22 LongRiflecalibre, whichhastheleastimpact
towardsthehumanbodyduetothelow velocityandarelativelylightbullet weight.
Finally,thedecisiononthebullettip wouldjustbemadeofpaintballplasticinorderto
createheavypainsensation. Thereason I usethepaintballasthenon-lethalmaterialis
becauseitiseasytoobtainanddoesntrequirespecialattentionortrainingtouse.
Duringthecreationstage, I alsoinvestigated which kindsoftacticalaccessoriesthatshouldbeintegratedintothepackageoftherifletomaketheproductmoreindemand.
Afterseriousconsideration, I decidedtousethelatestopticaltechnologyonthefirearm,
the EOTechholographicsight. I alsoadaptedtherailintegrationsystem (formerlythe
PicatinnyRail, US militarydesignationas MIL-STD 1913)tomaketheoperatorofthe
rifleeasiertoattachtheirowntacticalaccessories whenevertheylike.
Beforetheresearchbegan,theprocessofinquiryoftheprojectshallbedonetobeginthe
research. Fromtheverybeginningoftheproject,the PP coordinatorexplainedtoushow
tochooseasuitabletopicoftheprojectbasedonourhobbiesorinterest. Therefore, I then
startedtoaskmyhomeroomteachersaboutmytopicand whetheritissuitableornot.
2The interview person is Mr. Ian Melville, an English teacher in my school, whom previously served in the
Canadian Forces from 1991-1994, from him I seek precious information about his personal comments
towards his service rifle of the army, the Diemaco C7, Canadian version of the American M16.3
Pictures of the shooting is located in the Appendix I4
traditional forms can be identified where the magazine is located in front of the trigger
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Afterthepermissionisgranted, I thenthoughtaboutthegoaloftheprojectand whats
theareaofinteractionshouldbe.Attheendoftheday, I decidedtodesignanassaultrifle
asthegoaloftheproject. I quicklycommencedmyresearchduringthesummerholidays,
astheschoolyearbegan, I successfullysubmittedtheCriterionA Essaytothe PP
supervisorandonhand I havetonsofresearchmaterials. Nevertheless, I continueto
exploremorematerialsandinformationthat wouldbeusefulorevenvitaltotheproject.
Thepurposeofusingtheprocessofinquiryistogiveaclearindicationofthepathofmy
project,layingoutthegoalsoftheprojectstepbystep,sothatifthereisanyproblemin
themiddleoftheproject, I wouldbeabletoquicklytracebacktotherootoftheproblem,
modifythestepsandimproveit,thisalsohelpstosavetimeandimprovesmyskillson
problemsolving.
Whileconductingtheresearchoftheproject, I alsostartedtothinkaboutthecreationof
theproduct, whichmethod I shouldusetoshow thefinalproductofmyproject.One way
istocreatethebasicversionoftheprototypeandexpandittootherversionsoftherifle,likethecompactversion, whichhastheintegrationoftacticalaccessories.Another
possibleversionoftherifleisthe Light Support Weaponversionandthe Grenade
Launcherversion which wasnotexploitedasitcontainedexcessivefirepowerwhich
easily killsapersonand willnotbeadequateformydesigngoalofbeingnon-lethal.
Creation of product
Bythistime, I havealreadycompletedtheresearchand I beganthecreationofthe
product. Beforethen,thecriteriaofthedesignoftheprototypeareset withthe
considerationofsafetyand withinthelaw, whichistofulfilthestrictrequirementsthat
areunderthefirearmsacts.5
Itincludesthelengthoftherifle (appropriatelytofulfilthe
requirementofthelaws),thecapacityoftheroundsthatthemagazinecouldbeloaded
ontotherifle,theammunitionoftherifleandtheprobable weightoftherifle. I also
placedsomerestrictionspecificallysuitthecivilianmarket,astheassaultriflecanonly
befiredinsemi-automaticmode,thelackofcapabilityofinstallingsuppressorsandthe
lackofinstallingabayonetlug (aplacetoattachbayonet) 6.
Duringthecreation, I firstsketchedthebasicversionoftheprototype,followingthe
criteria I havesetpreviously:thelengthoftheprototypeis 35 incheslongincludingthe
barrellengthof20 inches,thecartridgeoftherifleisthe 0.22 LongRifleRim-fire
Cartridge,thebullettip wouldbemadeofplastic,asit wouldjustpenetratetheouter
5Countries that I have researched for laws and acts related to firearms include USA, UK, Germany, Finland
and South Africa6
See appendix II
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layeroftheskin. Theoperatingsystem (firearmaction)istheshortstrokepistonsystem
whichisfamedforitsdurabilityandlongerservicelife.
Aftersketchingthebasicversionoftheprototype, I thenstartedtoreflectonmydesign. I
realisedthattheselectorswitchoftherifleisfoundtobetoosimilartothe M16. The
handguardoftherifleseemedtobesimilartootherrifles, whereitcouldnotshow thestyleandfunctionofthelatestgeneration. I thenstartedtoconsiderutilizingthedifferent
designfeaturesofseveralpresentdesignstoperfecttheprototype.Asthesecondrough
sketchiscompleted, I foundmyselftobesatisfiedasthedesignismodernbutnot
eccentric. I then wenttoaskmy PP supervisor, whoisalsoateacherintechnology,she
suggestedmetousethegraphicsoftwaretodraw theprototypeforbetterpresentation. In
theend, I decidedtousetheCorel Draw X4 asmytooltosketchtheprototype7.
Asmybasicversionoftheprototypeiscompleted, I shiftedmyattentiontothedesignof
acompactversion,militarily knownastheCarbine. Thedifferencebetweenthecompact
versionandthebasicversionincludes:shorterinlengthto 29 inches withabarrellengthof16 inches (again,tocomply withgunlawsandacts),itfeaturesaslidingstock
comparedtothefixedstockofthebasicversion;italsofeaturesthepre-installed
Picatinnyrailtoinstalladditionaltacticalaccessoriesinfastandeasy way. Thecompact
versionalsocomes withapackageincludingan EOTech Holographicsight.
Afterthecompletionofbothdesignsoftheprototype, I thenstartedtocreateabrochure8
topresentmyproductinanicerandbetterway. Thebrochurecontainstheintroduction
andspecificationsofthebasicandcompactversionoftheprototype.
7See in Appendix III
8See in Appendix IV
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Analysis
Research stage
Theresearchstageisthemostvitalpartofthepersonalproject. Thisisbecauseifthere
isntagoodresearchformytopic,there wouldnotbeagoodcreationoftheproductfor
theproject. Thereareotherreasonsthattheresearchshouldbetakenseriouslyand
conductedinthebestorder. First, I shouldhaveaverydeep knowledgeoftheassaultrifle,
nevertheless,sometimestheinformationcouldbemisleadingorthereisinformationthat
I havetopayspecialattentionto. Inaddition, withouttheresearchoftheproject, I would
nothavelearnedthoroughlyabouteachcomponentoftheassaultrifleandtheconceptof
nonlethal weapon.
Theresearchhelpedmetocreatemyproductinmany waysandisvitaltomydesign
stage. Theappropriatemethodandcontentsoftheresearchmademetohaveasless
errorsaspossible.Overtheprocessoftheresearchstage, I reinforcedmyselfadirection
ofhow I shouldcreatethedesignoftheprototype,i.e.tocreateafairlynew designas
comparedtothepresentdesignsoftheriflesthatareusedbythemilitariesofthe world.
Thelearningonthecomponentsofanassaultrifleisuseful when I describeorillustrate
thefirearmindepthtopresentthespecificationoftherifle.
Theinformationwhich I havefoundactuallygivesmeinspirationandthesupportto
createmyproduct,fromthebasicconceptofhow thefamousrifledesignersdevelopedthecriteriafordesigningtherifle,tothecommentsbythelaw enforcementagencies who
fieldtestedtherifleandlastlytheexpertsevaluationontheadvantagesand
disadvantagesofthepresentrifledesign.Atthelaterstage,italsochangesmyideaofthe
designas I havetocreatea weaponthatmustbenon-lethal,therefore I havesearchedthe
informationabout whichtypeofammunitioncancreatetheacceptablestoppingpower
but withouttheriskoflethality,simultaneouslymychoiceofhow todesignalso
becomingrestrictedastherearegunlawstobeabided,forthefirearmsusageofcivilians.
When I encounteredtheproblemsduringtheresearchstage, I triedtotraceback what I
havedonethatcausedaproblem while I wasresearchingthematerial. Whentheproblemwasidentified, I wouldtrytochangetheideaofthemattertosolveit. Ifattheend, I
couldnotresolve, I wouldseekhelp,the worstcasescenario wastoforgetitandthinkof
anew idea. Inmyresearchstage,thereareproblemslikemakingdecisionsanddefining
theproblems,ittakesmesometimebutintheend I haveconqueredthechallenges.
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Creation stage
Inthe IB definitionoftheAOI, Human Ingenuitystressesthe wayhumanscaninitiate
changes, whetherforgoodorbad,andexaminestheconsequences,emphasizesboththe
importanceofresearchingthedevelopmentsmadebypeopleacrossspace,timeand
cultures,andtheimportanceoftakingtimetoreflectonthesedevelopments.9
The
statement, whichactuallymatchesthegoalofmyproject, wheremygoalistodesigna
non-lethalassaultrifleforselfdefensepurpose,theAOI certainlyconnectstomy
personalproject; where creationisonetheelementsofHuman Ingenuity. Theinvention
ofthenon-lethalassaultriflecametoaradicalchangetosocietyintermsoflaw
enforcementmeansandhumanityvalues.
Therearemany waysin whichtheprojecthelpedmetoachievemygoal. Themethodof
researchenabledmetoreachmysuccess,thisisbecause I havebeentaughttoresearch
theinformationthroughdifferentresources,pinpointingtheinformationthatmustalwaysbeusefulduringthecourseoftheproject,andfinallyprioritizethematerialsthatshould
beresearchedandtobeused whilecreatingtheproduct. Secondly,the wayofthinkingas
comparingtoothertimes while wedoourworkalsomakesthedifference.As I am
startingtodraw mycriteriononmyprototype,becausemygoalneedstobeachievedata
higherlevel, I thenstartedtothinkinthe wayofgettingintotheotherpersonsshoes,
imaginingthepresentsituationofnotto killcriminal whilemaintainingmyself-morality,
butatleasteliminatingthethreat,torespondtothat, what kindoffirearmandfirepower
theoperatorshouldhave.
Inthecreationoftheproduct, when I gotstuckonaparticularproblem, I wouldthinkhow I shouldshapethiscomponent. I wouldtrytolookattheexamplesofthepresent
designsandsomeobsoletedesigns. Thisactionistogivemyselfmoreinspirationonhow
todesignmyownprototype. Besideslookingontothedesignitself, I wouldalsoresearch
onreviewsgivenbyprofessionalshootersandexperts, whocommentedonthevarious
componentsandaccessories,hencequicklyresolvemyproblemofwhich kindofby-
productshouldbeincludedtomyprototype.
I wouldratemyselfassatisfactoryonmyproduct. Thisisbecause I havesuccessfully
completedtheprototypedesign wherebyitispresentableanddoesntlookstrangeas
comparedtotheoriginaldesignstodate.
9"Human Ingenuity." International Baccalaureate (IB). Web. 31 Jan. 2010.
http://www.ibo.org/myp/curriculum/interaction/humaningenuity/
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Conclusion
Thegoalofmypersonalprojectistocreateanon-lethalassaultrifleforselfdefencepurposes. I havebroughtmyconceptofintegratingthenon-lethaltechnologyintoa
firearmthatiscommonlyusedandcompletedmygoalthroughtheresearch-designcycle
oftheprototypeandlearningexperiencethat I gainedinthepersonalproject. Thisis
reflectedonthesuccessfulpresentationofmyfinalproductonthebrochureand I feel
that I havesetanappropriategoal withoutanycomplication.
Overthecourseofmyproject, I havelearnedtheprocessofcreatingtheproduct
throughthedesignofmyprototype, whereitisanimportantelementoftheAOI, Human
Ingenuity. I havegainvaluableexperiencethroughtheresearch-designcycleand
developednew knowledge,includinghow I shoulddesigntheriflethroughtheuseofgraphicsoftware;how todecide which kindofnon-lethalmaterialshould I beusingto
makemyrifleanequipmentthatcontainstheadequatenon-lethaleffect,inorderto
providetheoperatorthebestprotectionwithoutsacrificingoneslifeandmost
importantly,how I shouldconsiderwithmydesignabouttheimpacttowardssocietyand
the world.
TheAOI stronglyemphasizeshow thecreationoftheproductimpactsthepeopleand
society. Withthisconceptinmindasthecriteriaofmydesign, I havereviewedand
researchedmanydifferenttypesofnon-lethal weaponsthatareavailablenowadaysas
wellastheirapplicationsandtherelatedimpacttotheglobalsociety. I alsocomparethesetothelethal weaponusagethatismorecommonlyapplied.
I believethedesignofmyprototypeincreasesself-moralityoftheoperatorsincethenon-
lethalrifledoesnot killapersonand Justicecanthenbefurtherpursued. Moreover,the
non-lethal weaponalsodecreasesmisunderstanding, wherebyinseveralsituations,
innocentpeoplecouldbeshotandtheperson whoshootsbyaccident wouldneedtobear
withtheundesiredresponsibilities. Sometimes,criminalstooshouldnotbeshotdeadon
thespotastheymayonlybeinvolvedinlightoffencesthatdonotdeservesuchlife
punishmentorinsomecases,thecriminalpossesseshighvalueinformationandthat
he/sheshouldbe keptaliveforintelligenceinvestigation.
Fromthisproject, I havediscoveredtheindepth knowledgeabouttheconceptofnon-
lethal weapons,notonlytothetechnologicalinventionsbutmoreintotheirimpact
towardshumanmoralityandtheimpactofusinga weaponinsociety,nomatterwhether
theyarelethalornot. I havechangedmy wayofthinkingtowardsfirearms,asinthepast,
I only know weaponsthataredesignedto killanopponent. Now, I thinkthattheuseof
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non-lethal weaponsshouldbeintroduced widelytosocietyandtoalltypesofusers
besidesthecivilians,likethelaw enforcementagenciesandeventhemilitaryforces,asit
canbeutilizedinsituationslikeriotscontrolorcapturinghardcorecriminals.
I wisheverylevelofsocietycanaccepttheapplicationofnon-lethaltechnologyasthere
willbenoriskoftakingawayapersonslife. Thenon-lethalconcept wouldrevolutionizethesocialsecurityasthistechnology wouldpreservelaw andorderwhilemaintainingthe
rightofapersontolive. Mostimportantly, whenashootingoccurs,thereispsychological
impactfortheoperatorandthepeoplepresent,astheymaysufferfromnightmareor
occasionallytroubledmentalityashe/shecannotcontrolhim/herselffromthehorrific
experience.
Althoughthenon-lethalconceptseemstobeaperfectsolutiontopreventdeadlyviolence,
neverthelesslikeanyotherthinginthe world,itstillconsistits weaknessestoo. For
example,ifaburglarwhoisheavilyarmedentersapersonsresidence,thenon-lethal
riflethat I designed wouldbeuselessinthissituation. Theintroductionofnon-lethalweapontothesocietymayalsoencouragemorearmedcrimestooccurasthecriminals
willassumethey willberesistedbysuchmeansandthey willbepreparedbefore
committingacrime,this willalsoleadtoacompetitionofarmedequipmentbetweenlaw
enforcementagenciesandthecriminals. I believethepublicandthelaw enforcement
parties willhavetobeunitedandreview theexistinglegalloopholesorevendrafting
new actstoconveythenon-lethaltechnologytothecrimecontrolenvironmentinorderto
benefitthesocietyas wellaspreventingthemisuseofthetechnology.
Inconclusion, I amsatisfiedwithmyprojectofmakingthisassaultrifle whichhas
transformedthemostlethal weaponinthefamilyoffirearms,tobea weaponthatisnon-lethalbutremainsindesignandoperationalsimilaritylikeanyotherfamousassaultrifles
inthe world. I thinkthatthedesignoftheprototypeandthechoiceofnon-lethalmaterial
arethebestandmostprominent, whichfulfilthecorevalueofmypersonalproject.
IfI weretogobackintime, I thinkthat I woulddesignsomethinglikeaspeciallauncher
tobringthenon-lethaltechnologytoanew level.Anotherchoice wouldbeintegrating
thenon-lethaltechnologyintolightfirearmslikehandgunsandshotgunssincetheyare
easiertooperateandmostimportantlytheyaremoreeconomicaltopurchase.
Inmyopinion, I thinkthatthenon-lethaltechnologyisaninvention whichisjustasimportantas Thomas Edison whohadinventedthefirstelectriclightbulbintermsof
humanity.
Total wordcount: 3996 words
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"Law Enforcement & Military Flashlights from SureFire." SureFire Flashlights & Tactical Lights.
Web. 16 Sept. 2009. http://www.surefire.com/SpecialOPSLights
Raylex S.A. Web. 16 Sept. 2009.
http://www.raylex.cl/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=143
"Tactical Lights by Insight Technology Inc. (UTL, M3, LAM) - Laser Aiming Module (LAM)." Insight
Tech-Gear - Tactical lights, weapon mounted lights, tactical laser products and thermal imaging
systems. Web. 16 Sept. 2009. http://www.insightlights.com/oldsite/prod_lam.htm
"Night Vision & Optics." Military Supplies. Web. 16 Sept. 2009.
Sites for the research of non-lethal weapon
"Beyond the Rubber Bullet - TIME." Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video,
Tech Reviews - TIME.com. Web. 02 Nov. 2009.
http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,322588,00.html
"Plastic Bullets." Internet Archive: Wayback Machine. Web. 02 Nov. 2009.
http://web.archive.org/web/20060110022317/http://www.relativesforjustice.com/plastic/plast
ic_history.htm
"Less Lethal." FNH USA. Web. 02 Nov. 2009.
http://www.fnhusa.com/le/products/firearms/group.asp?gid=FNG003&cid=FNC01
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"TASER X26C." TASER - Home. Web. 02 Nov. 2009.
http://www2.taser.com/products/consumers/Pages/TASERX26C.aspx
"FM 3-22.31 TABLE OF CONTENTS." GlobalSecurity.org - Reliable Security Information. Web. 02
Nov. 2009. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/3-22-31/index.html
Appendix
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Appendix I Picturefrom Vietnam
Shootingthe Type 56,AK-47sChineseversion
Shootingthe M16
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Appendix II ExplanationofSuppressorand Bayonet Lug
PictureofSuppressor Suppressorisanaccessorytoeliminatethemuzzleflash.
PictureofBayonet Lug Bayonet Lugisatooltoinstalla Bayonetontoafirearm.
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Appendix III The Design Prototypes: StandardandCompact Versions
Prototype 1 Standard Version
Prototype 2 Compact Version
SAFE AUTO
EOTech
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Appendix III Brochure