RELECRELECprojectproject
((RRelativisticelativistic ELECELECtronstrons))
Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft2
MICROSATELLITE KARAT FOR PLANETARY MISSIONS, MICROSATELLITE KARAT FOR PLANETARY MISSIONS, ASTROPHYSICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHASTROPHYSICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH
Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft3
UNIFICATED SPACECRFAFT KARAT WITH PAYLOADUNIFICATED SPACECRFAFT KARAT WITH PAYLOAD
Spacecraft mass on the orbit – 110 kg
Three-axes orientationActive operational time of a
mission no lesss than 3 years
Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft4
VIBRO-DYNAMIC TESTSVIBRO-DYNAMIC TESTS
Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft5
Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft6
TEST ‘S FACILITYTEST ‘S FACILITY
Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft7
• already tested and elaborated Russian on-board systems, instruments, modules and units are used;• design and interfaces are made in accordance wuth international standards;• module construction of small spacecraft;• on-board systems formed the spacecraft are also unificated.
Spacecraft mass is about 100 kg
Stabilisation accuracy - 4 ×10-3 degree/s
Orientation accuracy - 10·solid min
Time of active operations 3 year
On-board memory volume - no less than 8 GByteScientific data transfer with the use of S-LINEwill done of ciast th wjПередача научной информации по радиолинии S- или X–диапазона
Spacecraft ative is actyve 3aода
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL SPACECRAFT KARAT BASIC PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL SPACECRAFT KARAT ELABORATIONELABORATION
Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft8
Goal of experiments:
• study of cosmic ray and magnetosphere energetic particle acting on the upper Atmosphere•study of atmosphere transient luminous effects.
EXPERIMENT RELEC ON-NOARD KARAT MISSIONEXPERIMENT RELEC ON-NOARD KARAT MISSION
Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft9
Mission control and data receiving will be provide be the Mission Control Centre of Lavochkin space corporation as well as the compact ground receivers.
Ground receivers with antenna diameter 3,7 and 5 m
Unified platform “Karat” for small spacecraft10
Group launchingGroup launching
By-pass missionBy-pass mission
Dnepr SoyuzRokot Start-M
Special missionSpecial mission
Discovery of electron radiation belts Discovery of electron radiation belts onboard ELECTRON satellites in 60’s.onboard ELECTRON satellites in 60’s.
MAXIS (1996) experiment onboard balloons, MAXIS (1996) experiment onboard balloons, Kiruna. High-energy electronsKiruna. High-energy electrons >500>500 keV keV precipitations: precipitations: Flux -Flux - 55 х 10 х 102525 particles for eight days was particles for eight days was detected at low altitudes .detected at low altitudes .Total number of trapped electrons – Total number of trapped electrons –
22 х 10 х 102525..
History of the problemHistory of the problem
12345678
The X-rays (produced from ~1.7 MeV electrons) measurements The X-rays (produced from ~1.7 MeV electrons) measurements showed that there are two main types of precipitation – long-term showed that there are two main types of precipitation – long-term (~100 s) and short enhancements (~10 s) modulating the count (~100 s) and short enhancements (~10 s) modulating the count rate. MAXIS measurements. rate. MAXIS measurements.
Precipitation of ~100 keV electrons from radiation belts measured in SAMPEX experiment.
Scientific objectivesScientific objectives
Magnetosphere relativistic electron Magnetosphere relativistic electron acceleration and precipitation research. acceleration and precipitation research. Study of high-energy particle acting on the Study of high-energy particle acting on the upper Atmosphere and ionosphere.upper Atmosphere and ionosphere.Search of transient phenomena in possible of transient phenomena in possible connection with energetic particle interactions connection with energetic particle interactions in the Atmospherein the AtmosphereStudy of acceleration processes in the Atmosphere as the possible source of high energy magnetosphere electrons
Crucial demandsCrucial demands Simultaneous observations of energetic Simultaneous observations of energetic
electron & proton flux and low-frequency electron & proton flux and low-frequency electromagnetic wave intensity variations electromagnetic wave intensity variations with high temporal resolution. with high temporal resolution.
Fine time structure measurements of Fine time structure measurements of transient lightning events in optics, UV, X- transient lightning events in optics, UV, X- and gamma rays.and gamma rays.
Monitor detection of charge and neutral background particles in different areas of near-Earth space..
Demands to the instrumentsDemands to the instruments
electron detectors: wide energy range (~0.1-10.0 MeV), electron detectors: wide energy range (~0.1-10.0 MeV), temporal resolution ~1 ms, pitch-angle distribution temporal resolution ~1 ms, pitch-angle distribution measuring, wide dynamical range (from ~0.1 up to measuring, wide dynamical range (from ~0.1 up to 101055 part./cm part./cm22s).s).
Low-frequency analyzer: measuring of two field Low-frequency analyzer: measuring of two field components at least, frequency bands ~0.1-10 kHz.components at least, frequency bands ~0.1-10 kHz.
X- and gamma-ray detectors: temporal resolution X- and gamma-ray detectors: temporal resolution ~1 mcs, sensitivity ~10~1 mcs, sensitivity ~10-8-8 erg/cm erg/cm22 for burst. for burst.
Additional: detecting of protons with energies > 1 MeV, Additional: detecting of protons with energies > 1 MeV, wide-field observe of Atmosphere in optics, UV, X- and wide-field observe of Atmosphere in optics, UV, X- and gamma-rays with possibility of imagination in optics.gamma-rays with possibility of imagination in optics.
InstrumentsInstruments
DRG-1 & DRG-2 - two identical detectors of X-, gamma-DRG-1 & DRG-2 - two identical detectors of X-, gamma-rays and high-energy electrons of high temporal rays and high-energy electrons of high temporal resolution and sensitivityresolution and sensitivity
DRG-3 - three axeDRG-3 - three axe directed detectors of energetic directed detectors of energetic electrons and protonselectrons and protons
Telescope-T - optical imagerTelescope-T - optical imager DUF - UV detectorDUF - UV detector NChA - low-frequency analyserNChA - low-frequency analyser RChA - radio-frequency analyserRChA - radio-frequency analyser DOSTEL - dosimeter moduleDOSTEL - dosimeter module BE - module of commands and data collection BE - module of commands and data collection
DRG-1 (DRG-2) instrumentDRG-1 (DRG-2) instrument
Two identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator phosvich Two identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator phosvich detectors, both directed toward the Earthdetectors, both directed toward the Earth
Physical parameters:Physical parameters:X- and gamma-quantaX- and gamma-quanta electronselectrons
energy range energy range 0.01-2.0 MeV,0.01-2.0 MeV, 0.2-10.0 MeV0.2-10.0 MeV
effective area effective area ~200 cm~200 cm22 ~200 cm ~200 cm22sr (geom. factor)sr (geom. factor)
(total ~800 cm(total ~800 cm22))
temporal resolution temporal resolution 0.1 mcs0.1 mcs 1.0 ms1.0 ms
sensitivity sensitivity ~5·10~5·10-9-9 erg/cm erg/cm22 ~10~10-1-1 part./cm part./cm22ss
Technical parametersMass - < 7 kg;sizes 300270200 mm;power expenditure at 28 V no more 10 W.
DRG-3 instrumentDRG-3 instrument
Three identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator Three identical NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator phosvich detectors, directed along three axe mutually phosvich detectors, directed along three axe mutually normal (as Cartesian coordinate system)normal (as Cartesian coordinate system)
Physical parameters:Physical parameters:electronselectrons protonsprotons
energy range energy range 0.1-10.0 MeV,0.1-10.0 MeV, 1.0-100.0 MeV1.0-100.0 MeV
geom. factorgeom. factor ~2 cm~2 cm22sr sr ~2 cm~2 cm22sr sr
temporal resolution temporal resolution 1.0 ms1.0 ms 1.0 ms1.0 ms
sensitivity sensitivity ~10 part./cm~10 part./cm22ss ~10 part./cm~10 part./cm22ss
Technical parametersMass - < 4 kg;sizes 250250250 mm;power expenditure at 28 V no more 6 W.
To the skyTo the sky
Scintillation detectors
Along the geomagneticAlong the geomagneticfield linefield line
Telesope -TTelesope -T instrument instrument
Optical imager based on multi-grain mirrorOptical imager based on multi-grain mirror
Physical parameters:Physical parameters:
Technical parametersMass - < 5 kg;sizes 200200400 mm;power expenditure at 28V no more 6 W.
Spectral band: 300-400 nmAngle resolution: 0.4o. Angle of view: 7.5o. Cells number: 4000. Photomultiplier channels number: 64. Time resolution: 100 s. Amplitude range: 105.
DUF DUF instrumentinstrumentTwo Two photomultiplier photomultiplier tubes with different input windowtubes with different input windowfiltersfilters
Physical parameters:Physical parameters:
Technical parametersMass - < 1 kg;sizes 14014080 mm;power expenditure at 28 Vno more 1 W.
Spectral band: PMT1 - 300-400 nm PMT2 (red) - 630-800 nmAngle of view: 7.5o.Time resolution: 100 s.Amplitude range: 106.
PMT1
PMT2
NChA instrumentNChA instrumentLow-frequency analyzer: two magnetic field componentLow-frequency analyzer: two magnetic field componentmeters, two electric field component meters andmeters, two electric field component meters andanalyzer unitanalyzer unit
Physical parameters:Physical parameters:
Technical parametersMass - < 3 kg;sizes 16013080 mm;power expenditure at 28 Vno more 5 W.
Frequency band: 20 Hz - 20 kHznumber of spectral components:1024frequency step: 20 Hz .Time resolution: 2 s.Number of spectral componentcategories: 16.
magnetic and electric field component meters
VКА
1,5 м
90
45
КВЗ1
КВЗ2
0,4 м (max)
ZИМ
ZКВЗ2
YКВЗ2
XКВЗ2
YКВЗ1XКВЗ1
Ориентация осей КВЗ Ориентация оси Z ИМ
Z
ИМ
ZКВЗ1
Оси ZИМ, ZКВЗ1 и ZКВЗ2 должны быть взаимно ортогональны, причем:1 Оси XКВЗ1, ZКВЗ1, XКВЗ2 и ZКВЗ2 лежат в одной плоскости, которая наклонена к вектору
скорости VКА на 45 .2 Оси ZИМ, YКВЗ1 и YКВЗ2 коллинеарны и перпендикулярны к плоскости осей XКВЗ1, ZКВЗ1,
XКВЗ2 и ZКВЗ2 (45 с направлением вектора скорости спутника VКА).3 Оси XКВЗ1 и XКВЗ2 перпендикулярны между собой.
Z
X
Y
Метки
45
90
RChA instrumentRChA instrumentRadio frequency analyzerRadio frequency analyzer
Physical parameters:Physical parameters:
Technical parametersMass - < 1 kg;sizes 10010050 mm;power expenditure at 28 Vno more 5 W.
DOSTEL DOSTEL instrumentinstrument
Dosimetry Dosimetry unitunit
Technical parametersMass - < 1 kg;sizes 1008070 mm;power expenditure at 28 Vno more 1 W.
BE BE instrumentinstrument
Physical parameters:Physical parameters:
Technical parametersMass - < 4 kg;sizes 270250200 mm;power expenditure at 28 Vno more 4 W.
Total data transfer: 500Mbyte per day.Number of controlcommands : 24.Number of digitalcommands: 256 categories.Possibility of flexible trigger.
ElectronsElectrons 0.2 – 10 0.2 – 10 MeVMeV
> 10 > 10 MeVMeV
>> 0.3 MeV 0.3 MeV
ProtonsProtons 0.3 – 60 MeV0.3 – 60 MeV
> 50 > 50 MeVMeV
3 – 150 MeV3 – 150 MeV
>150 >150 MeVMeV
GammaGamma 0.05 – 1.0 MeV0.05 – 1.0 MeV
NeutronNeutron 0.1 – 30 MeV0.1 – 30 MeV
X-raysX-rays 10 – 100 keV10 – 100 keV
UVUV 300-400 300-400 nmnm
Ranges of particles and quanta measuring in RELEC experiment
TOTAL RELEC characteristicsTOTAL RELEC characteristics
MassMass 45 45 kg.kg.
PowerPower 60 60 W.W.
Data flowData flow 500 500 MBMB//day.day.
Operational modes- background mode:provides 100% covering of the orbit with given time resolution < 1 second forex.
no more than 20 MBytes/day
- event mode:provides a few (3-5) time intervals per orbit with fine (<1 mks) time resolutioninitialized by trigger
about 50 MByte on event
four groups of instruments:
- DRGE-1, NChA
- DRGE-1(2), DUF, Telescope-T, RchA
- BChK, DOSTEL – only background mode
- BE – provides other instruments
Total – about 500 MByte/day
Trigger conditions:
1) Intrinsic trigger:
a) Given signal level;
b) Intensity on the given time interval;
c) Given signal level & intensity on the given time interval (a&b);
d) Coincidence of internal and external (from chosen other instrument) strobes.
2) External trigger:
a) Data fixation in the given time interval by the trigger signal from chosen other instrument.
b) Data fixation in the given time interval in the case of trigger of event
3)Trigger of event:
coincidence of intrinsic triggers from two or more instruments
20 мс
15 5
Стробы не совпали , события не записаны
РГД
РЧА
БНД
ДУФ
15 5
Стробы совпали , РЧА не может записать
событие. Значит надо информацию в FIFOРЧА удерживать на время строба РЧА
БНД выдает ТК
для фиксации
инф в приборах
15 5
Стробы совпали , но события не записаны
Время записи в кольцевую память после триггера t1g
Строб по триггеруt1g =10 мс Строб по триггеру
t1r=3 мс
Время записи в кольцевую память до триггера t1 g
Время записи в кольцевую память до триггера
t1 r=1 мс
Строб по триггеруt1r=3 мс
100 мс для ДУФ
Other geophysical and space-Other geophysical and space-physics problems can be solved physics problems can be solved
using the same devicesusing the same devices Lithosphere-ionosphere connections Lithosphere-ionosphere connections
(earthquakes)(earthquakes) Atmosphere-ionosphere connections Atmosphere-ionosphere connections
(thunderstorms)(thunderstorms)
Technical applicationsTechnical applications
Dosimetry and SEU (single event upsets) Dosimetry and SEU (single event upsets) problem taking into account neutron problem taking into account neutron component of radiation.component of radiation.
Timetable№ Name Beginning
End(month, year)
1 Elaboration of Proposal on scientific payload March 2008December 2008
2 Elaboration of documentation and test modelsManufacturing of models
December 2008
December 20093.1. Manufacturing of engineering model (EM), tests of
EM.December 2009
March 2010
3.2. Manufacturing of test facility, complex tests of EM.Correction of documentation.
December 2009
March 2010
4.1. Manufacturing of flight example March 2010Маy 2010
4.2. Manufacturing of test facility for flying example. March 2010Маy 2010
5. Complex tests of flight example. Preparing oflaunching.
June 2010December 2010