Transcript
Page 1: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Resolu'on  of  Human  and  Stormwater  Values  

in  Urban  Spaces  

Bruce  K.  Ferguson  EDRA,  Providence,  May  2013  

Page 2: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Both  Are  Impera-ve  Human  accommoda'on   Stormwater  management  

•  Ar's'c  •  Crea've  •  Public  

•  Technical  •  Environmental  •  Regulatory  

Dundee,  Scotland   Columbus,  Ohio  

Page 3: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Stormwater  Management  

Health,  sanita'on,  water  quan'ty,  water  quality  Technologies  &  facili'es:  

•  Permeable  pavements    •  Green  roofs    •  Water  harves'ng    •  Bioreten'on    •  Channels,  swales,  culverts    •  Filters    •  Basins,  ponds,  wetlands    •  Floodways  

Water  Environment  Federa'on;  Debo  &  Reese  

Page 4: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Features  are  arrayed  in  urban  space  

Source  area  Human-­‐centered  

Perimeter  Buffers  or  carries  away  discharges  

Downstream  Excess  flow  

Page 5: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico  

Source  area  

Perimeter  area  

Downstream  area  

Page 6: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Alongside  environment  &  technologies  Stormwater  amenity  agenda  “Celebra'ng  stormwater  in  site  design”  “Mainstream  Western  aesthe'cs”  

 •  Educa'on    •  Recrea'on    •  Public  rela'ons    •  Aesthe'c  richness    •  Moral    •  Eco-­‐revelatory    •  Interes'ng    •  Pleasurable  benefits  

Pennypacker  &  Echols  

Page 7: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Human  Accommoda-on  

People’s  interac'ons  develop  economy  •  Coopera'on,  support,  experience  •  Employment,  opportunity,  wealth,  resilience    

People’s  interac'ons  enable  communi'es  •  Groups  'ed  by  commonali'es  •  Iden'ty,  purpose,  values  

Jane  Jacobs,  Glaeser  

Page 8: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Measure  of  human  success  of  urban  space  Safe,  ac've  use  by  people  •  Aarac'on  of  residents,  visitors,  immigrants  •  Employment,  wealth,  economic  growth  •  Community  iden'ty  •  Safety,  health,  well-­‐being  

Gehl,  Glaeser,  Jacobs,  Whyte  

Page 9: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Design  provisions  

Denver,  Colorado  

•  Diverse  uses  •  Linkages  to  streets  and  buildings  •  Pedestrian  safety  •  Sea'ng  with  interes'ng  views  

Athens,  Georgia  Melbourne,  Australia  

Whyte,  Gehl,  Jacobs  

Page 10: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Different  Values  Compete  for  Place  Overdesign  for  water:  

Athens,  Georgia  

Atlanta,  Georgia  

•  Peak-­‐flow  control  •  Drainage  &  sanita'on  

Page 11: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Portland,  Oregon  

•  ‘Water  art’,  ‘wetland  park’  •  Liale  urban  connec'on  

Overdesign  for  water  

Page 12: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Overdesign  with  water  

Charloae,  North  Carolina  

•  Indirect  access  •  Discon'nuous  building  frontage  

Page 13: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Under-­‐design  for  water  

•  Pollu'on  

 Liberia  •  Flooding  

Britain  

Page 14: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Under-­‐design  for  water  

•  Bioreten'on  hidden  

Portland,  Oregon  

Liptan  &  Murase  

Page 15: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Values  Interact  in  Specific  Places  

Gieryn;  Cuban  &  Hummon;  Florida  

Socie'es  invest  places     •  With  history,  iden'ty,  meaning,  value  

Through  aaribu'on  of  meaning  to  a  place     •  Individuals  &  communi'es  define  iden''es  

Place  iden'ty  evolves      •  With  place’s  history  and  environment    

Providence,  Rhode  Island  

Page 16: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Water  sedngs  can  contribute  Water  brings:  •  Mo'on,  sound,  color,  varia'on  in  'me  •  Associa'ons  with  climate,  earth,  plants    

People  respond  to  natural  elements  •  Reduce  stress,  improve  relaxa'on,  healing  •  Go  about  their  lives  more  effec'vely    

Water  is  a  place  resource  like:  •  Artworks  •  Movement  of  people  through  space  •  Heritage  landmarks  •  Trees,  flowers  

Kaplan,  Kaplan  &  Ryan;  Ulrich;  Mador  

Page 17: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Water  components  can  be  made  percep'ble  Actual  rainwater  flow  is  only  occasional  •  Empty  of  water  most  of  the  'me  •  Structure  has  to  maintain  associa'ons  on  its  own    Architecture  can  ar'culate  •  Con'nuous  flow  route  •  Visible  connec'on  with  regional  water  courses  •  Flow  direc'on  &  level  changes  expressed  •  Materials:  plants,  rocks,  living  things  •  Safety:  dis'nct  edge;  limited  depth  &  velocity  

Echols  &  Pennypacker;  Dreiseitl  &  Grau;  Nassauer;  Mador    

Page 18: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Integral  Design  Reconciles  Values  

•  Different  stormwater  features  have  different  poten'als  •  Specific  site  design  choices  are  important    •  Stormwater  features  &  technologies  have  flexibility.  

Perceptual*contribu/on*

to*place*

Priority*for*use*of*space*Human& Water&

Low&

High&

Permeable&pavements,&green&roofs,&harves9ng&

Rain&gardens&

Basins,&ponds,&wetlands&

Floodways&

Culverts&

Downspo

uts&

Source&area& Perimeter& Downstream&

Channels&&&swales&

Surf.&filters&

Page 19: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Dual  use  of  sources  area’s  buildings  

Green  roofs  •  Visibility  to  people  •  Aarac'veness  as  gardens  

Page 20: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Dual  use  of  source  area’s  pavements  

•  Porous  texture   •  Paaern,  color  

Portland,  Oregon  

Page 21: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

In  source  area’s  pockets  of  space  

 In  these  loca'ons:  •  Spa'al  organiza'on  •  Close  contact  with  people    

Design  choices:  •  Visible  runoff  inlets  •  Architectural  edges  •  Dis'nc've  vegeta'on  

Stroud,  England  

Page 22: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

In  perimeter’s  swales  

•  Con'nuous  flow  route  •  Ambiguous  edge  •  Indis'nct  vegeta'on  

Waterford,  Connec'cut  

•  Parallel  homes  &  footpaths  •  Rou'ne  contact  with  people  •  Maintained  by  residents  

Davis,  California  

Corbea;  Thayer  &  Westbrook  

Page 23: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

‘Dayligh'ng’  perimeter’s  culverts  

Berkeley,  California  

•  Interac'on  with  people  •  Newly  created  nature  sedng  

Pinkham  

Page 24: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Perimeter’s  basins,  ponds  &  wetlands  

•  Art,  scenic  beauty   •  Natural  vegeta'on  •  Orderly  movement  •  Orderly  edges  

Page 25: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Conclusion  Progress  in  stormwater  amenity  evalua'on  •  Objec've  success  of  urban  space  

 Of  which  water  sedng  is  one  of  the  components  •  In  place  of  subjec've  aesthe'cs    Human  economy  &  community  call  upon  stormwater  •  To  contribute  to  place  •  To  limit  compe''on  for  space  •  To  integrate  with  success  of  place    Each  urban  place  becomes  •  Less  specialized  •  More  mul'-­‐func'onal,  complex  

Page 26: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

To  design  Select  type  of  stormwater  facility  •  Poten'al  to  contribute  to  place    Design  in  detail  to  bring  out  that  poten'al  •  Dual  use  or  'ght  spa'al  organiza'on  •  Close  human  contact  •  Ar'cula'on  of  water  &  nature    Design  for  human  success  •  Stormwater  is  only  part  

Page 27: Resolution of Human and Stormwater Values in Urban Spaces, by Bruce K Ferguson

Where  design  is  integral  Values  are  reconciled  •  Compe''on  is  eliminated  •  Each  is  successful    Unity  in  applica'on  •  Engineering  •  Landscape  architecture  •  Social  science  


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