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THE URBAN QUESTTHE CITY AND THE CREATIVE ECONOMY:tour d’horizon
Utrecht School of the Arts HKU
Rene KOOYMANHKUJan 2013Finland delegation
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A theoretical voyage
The sociological imagination: social inequality, class structures, gender and age divisions
Cultural inequalities: measuring culture , art and cultural capital
The Urban Quest: cultural metropolis and decay
The entrepreneurial perspective: spacial distributions, regional identities, urban nomads
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EU CURE Project CURE stands for ‘Creative Urban
Renewal in Europe’. It is an EU-funded project (INTERREG IVB NWE)
Aims to facilitate triggered growth of the creative economy in decayed urban areas in medium-sized cities in Northwest-Europe
This will be done by developing and testing the innovative transnational model ‘Creative Zone Innovator’ to plan and to develop creative zones.
The project brings together 7 project partners in Germany, Belgium, France, the Netherlands and the UK.
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The Urban Dimension
Territorial approach: zoning Diversified cultural environments
(Jacobs)
Social integration/identification (‘belonging’) and distinction (Bourdieu/Florida)
Integrated approach: Physical: bricks and mortar Social Infrastructure: networking
Conceptualisation /re-evaluation
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Creative Zone Innovator Creative Zone Innovator: integrated
approach to urban, economic, cultural, social and entrepreneurial development
ABC: Area , Building, Creative entrepreneur
Four Dimensions:a. Learning Lab: learning environmentb. Cultural Value Chain: networked alliancesc. Flow of diversity: continuous new
impulsesd. Cultural Business Modeling
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Creative Zone Indicators
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knowledge of ‘legitimate’ culture / ‘High Culture’
“Linguistic capital” – speaking “properly”
CULTURAL CAPITAL
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Cultural Capital Economic Capital
Cultural bourgeoisie High Intermediate e.g. artists, academics
Business bourgeoisie Intermediate High e.g. company directors
Upper professionals Intermediate to high Intermediate to high e.g. lawyers, higher civil servants
Lower middle class Intermediate to low Intermediate to low e.g. primary school teachers, nurses
Working class Skilled Low to intermediate Low to intermediate Unskilled Low Low
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Business categories
• Artisan – Designer driven purely by aesthetic motivation
• Solo – Individual designer focused on growth• Creative Partnership – Two creative people• Designer and Business Partner – One creative
and one business partner• Designer and Licensing Partner – Designer
under royalty contract• Designer and Manufacturer – Designer in
contractual agreement with manufacturer• Partnership with Investor – Designer in
partnership with a formal investor NESTA 2008
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URBAN CULTURES
Territorial approach: zoningDiversified cultural environments (Jacobs)
Social integration/identification (‘belonging’) and distinction (Bourdieu/Florida)
Urban Area Development: Integrated approach
Physical: bricks and mortar Social Infrastructure: networking
Conceptualisation /re-evaluation
Major Stakeholders in Urban Development
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CommunityStakeholders
Cultural Organizations
Community Activist/
Volunteers
Resident Immigrant
Youth clubs/groups
Immigrant services
Community Media
Chamber of Commerce
Businesses
Municipality
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• Cultural and Economical Capital• Cultural Class• Identity and Branding• Demographics
WHAT ARE THE VALUES OF CITY-LIFE
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• Developed for and by the industrial economy• Separation of 'working' and 'living' through zoning• Powers are restrictive, not permissive: 'you can’t', rather than 'you can'• Professionalized: ‘planner knows best'• City is struggling under its own weight, unable to adapt quickly enough to changing global, social economic environment• Rational/analytical, more than ‘understanding’
CITY POLICY & PLANNING PARADIGM
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CULTURAL METROPOLIS AND DECAY
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RADICAL REDEFINITION
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The creative ecosystem includes arts and culture, nightlife, the music scene, restaurants, artists and designers, innovators, affordable spaces, lively neighbourhoods, spirituality, density, public spaces etc.
1. Strengthen your creative assets and encourage collaboration.
2. Continue revitalizing your downtown areas as nodes of creativity.
3. Develop an infrastructure that will improve the quality of life for residents and attract the creative class (hiking and cycling trails, festivals, development of cultural assets, ways to celebrate the waterfront etc. )
INVESTING IN THE CREATIVE ECOSYSTEM
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Diversity gives birth to creativity, innovation and positive economic impact.People of different backgrounds and experiences contribute a diversity of ideas, expressions, talents and perspectives that enrich vital communities.
1.Develop a strong tourism and information infrastructure because it will be your first link with people coming from outside your community.
2. Attract new immigrants – one in every two children in Amsterdam will be immigrants by 2020. Develop an immigration attraction strategy, e.g. develop a new immigrant welcoming package.
EMBRACE DIVERSITY
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Take Responsibility for Change
1.Work together to develop your creative infrastructure – the voices and ideas of both local citizens and government need to be embraced.
2.Focus on mutual goals and develop a strategy that focuses on economic development goals, marketing and promotions, infrastructure and building local capacity.
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CULTIVATE AND REWARD CREATIVITYStore 54 in Collingwood:
www.store54.biz
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Lombok utrecht:19752005
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THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DIMENSION
Entrepreneurial behaviour:The Creation of Economic, Social and Cultural Value
cultural fabric of the Creative Industry thrives on numerous small initiatives
high share of freelancers and very small companies.
new type of employer is emerging; the ‘entrepreneurial individual’ or ‘entrepreneurial cultural worker’
no longer fits into typical patterns of full-time professions (EU job potential 2001)
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• Social capital: resources based on group membership, relationships, networks of influence and support; clusters
• Economic capital: command over economic resources (cash, assets); based on entrepreneurial capabilities and support
• Cultural capital: forms of knowledge; skill; education and language skills
• The urban perspective: choose your position in the urban nomad chain ; use support functions
CREATIVE ENTREPRENEURS’ PERSPECTIVE