Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugar LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
DRAFT ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
ROPOSED 45 KLPD MOLASSES/SUGARCANE
JUICE BASED DISTILLERY/ETHANOL PLANT &
20.5 MW COGENERATION PLANT Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
Environment Consultant
MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd., Pune Environment Management and Engineering Division QCI-NABET Accredited Consultant Accreditation No. NABET/EIA/1720/RA0075 Behind DIC Office, Agriculture College Campus, Shivajinagar, Pune 411 005, Maharashtra (INDIA) Tel: +91- 020-66289406
EME/CS/SLNSLLP/2020-21/101ROO dated 18.05.2020
Proposed by
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars
LLP
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
DECLARATION Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant
Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
DECLARATION BY EXPERTS INVOLVED IN PREPARATION OF EIA REPORT
I, hereby certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the
above EIA.
EIA Coordinator
Signature & Date: Sep 2019
Name : Dr. Hemangi Nalavade
Period of involvement : Sep 2019 to till date
Contact information : MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd.
Environment Management & Engineering Division
Agriculture College Campus, Next to DIC office,
Shivaji Nagar, Pune. 411 005, Maharashtra (India)
Tel: +91-20-662894 Fax No. +91-20-25521607
Email: [email protected]
Functional Area Experts
Sr.
No.
Name of
expert
Functional
Area Involvement (Period & Task)
Signature &
Date
1. Dr.
Sandeep
Jadhav
EB,LU & SC Oct 2019 to till date,
Interpretation of primary data and analysis
of results and predicting impacts and
providing mitigation measures. Analysis of
soil interpretation of results. Impact
predictions and suggesting of mitigation
measures
2. Mr.
Shrikant
Kakade
EB
Oct 2019 to till date to till date Field visit for
study of flora and fauna in the 10 km area,
study of rare endangers species. Primary
data collection. Interpretation of primary
data and analysis of results and predicting
impacts and providing mitigation measures.
writing , inputs Water &social aspects
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
Sr.
No.
Name of
expert
Functional
Area Involvement (Period & Task)
Signature &
Date
3. Dr.
Hemangi
N.
Nalavade
AQ, AP, WP
& SHW
Oct 2019 to till date
Baseline survey & preparation of EIA EMP.
Air quality modeling for prediction of air
pollution impact due to proposed project
using ISCST-3 model. Computed the
maximum GLC of pollutant over baseline
environmental parameter. Identification for
hazardous solid waste. Prediction of the
impact and suggesting mitigation measures.
Formulation of EMP.
4. Mr.
Ganesh
Khamgal
SE Oct 2019 to till date
Data collection, interpretation and impact
assessment, suggestion to CSR activities
5. Pratik
Deshpande
HG Oct 2019 Review and observation of
hydrology and geology in the 10 km radius of
the project area, data collection and
interpretation; identification of impact and
formulation of EMP
6. Mr. Aniket
Taware
RH Oct 2019 to till date Assisting in Risk
assessment and its report preparation
7. Mr. Nikhil
Chavan
Noise
Pollution
Oct 2019 Identification of air pollution
sources and impact assessment and
mitigation measures.
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization
I, Dr. Sandeep Jadhav (Executive Vice President & Head, EME Division) hereby, confirm that the
above mentioned experts involved in Environmental Impact Assessment of Proposed 45 KLPD
Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist.
Parbhani, Maharashtra
I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement Signature:
Name Dr. Sandeep Jadhav Designation Executive Vice President & Head, EME Division EIA Consultant Organization MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugar LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1-4 1.1 Purpose of the report ......................................................................................................... 1-4 1.2 Identification of project and project proponent ................................................................ 1-4 1.3 EIA Consultant ..................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.4 Brief description of the project ........................................................................................... 1-5 1.4.1 Nature and size of the project .............................................................................................. 1-5 1.5 Project location ................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.6 Importance to country region ............................................................................................. 1-6 1.7 Applicable Environmental Acts & Rules .............................................................................. 1-6 1.8 Chronology of the project ................................................................................................... 1-6 1.9 Objective and scope of study .............................................................................................. 1-7 1.9.1 The steps of EIA ..................................................................................................................... 1-7 CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................. 2-8 2.1 Type of Project .................................................................................................................... 2-8 2.2 Need of the project ............................................................................................................. 2-8 2.3 Project Location .................................................................................................................. 2-9 2.4 Land Details ....................................................................................................................... 2-15 2.5 Size and Magnitude of the Operation............................................................................... 2-15 2.5.1 Technical details of existing Sugar Factory ......................................................................... 2-17 2.5.2 Technical details of Distillery .............................................................................................. 2-18 2.6 Resource Requirement ..................................................................................................... 2-19 2.6.1 Raw material ....................................................................................................................... 2-19 2.6.2 Fuel requirement ................................................................................................................ 2-20 2.6.3 Manpower ........................................................................................................................... 2-20 2.6.4 Water .................................................................................................................................. 2-20 2.6.5 Utilities details .................................................................................................................... 2-24 2.7 Technology and process description ................................................................................ 2-25 2.7.1 Molasses based Distillery .................................................................................................... 2-25 2.7.2 Sugarcane Ethanol .............................................................................................................. 2-30 2.7.4 Co-generation power plant process in brief ....................................................................... 2-32 2.8 Pollution sources and its mitigation measures ................................................................. 2-32 2.9 Details of anaerobic digestion and composting process details ...................................... 2-33 2.9.1 Anaerobic digestion process ............................................................................................... 2-33 2.9.2 Composting process ............................................................................................................ 2-35 2.10 Project Implementation Schedule .................................................................................... 2-38 2.11 Project Cost Estimate ........................................................................................................ 2-38 CHAPTER III: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................. 2-39 3.1 Environmental Parameters .................................................................................................... 3-39 3.2 Study Period ........................................................................................................................... 3-39 3.3 Frequency of Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 3-39 3.4 Study area .............................................................................................................................. 3-40
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
3.5 Geomorphology ..................................................................................................................... 3-44 3.6 Topography ............................................................................................................................ 3-49 3.7 Land use pattern .................................................................................................................... 3-50 3.7.1 Land Cover of the study area .............................................................................................. 3-50 3.8 Seismology ............................................................................................................................. 3-50 3.9 Climatic Condition & Meteorology ........................................................................................ 3-51 3.9.1 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 3-51 3.9.2 Average Meteorological Condition (Source: IMD) ............................................................. 3-51 3.9.3 Temperature ....................................................................................................................... 3-52 3.9.4 Relative Humidity ................................................................................................................ 3-52 3.9.5 Precipitation ........................................................................................................................ 3-52 3.9.6 Wind Speed and Wind Direction ........................................................................................ 3-53 3.10 Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................................. 3-54 3.11 Ambient noise monitoring results ....................................................................................... 3-58 3.12Water Quality ........................................................................................................................ 3-61 3.12.1 Surface Water ................................................................................................................... 3-62 3.12.2 Ground water sampling location & frequency ................................................................. 3-65 3.13 Soil Environment .................................................................................................................. 3-67 3.14 Traffic Survey ....................................................................................................................... 3-70 3.15 Ecology Biodiversity ............................................................................................................. 3-71 3.15.1 Flora .................................................................................................................................. 3-71 3.15.2 Faunal Studies ................................................................................................................... 3-73 3.16 Socio-economic Environment .............................................................................................. 3-77 3.16.1 Demography of the Taluka ............................................................................................... 3-78 CHAPTER IV: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............... 4-81 4.1 Identification of the Impact ................................................................................................... 4-82 4.2 Identification of Impact due to project location.................................................................... 4-84 4.2 Impact Identification during Construction and Commissioning phase ................................. 4-85 4.3 Identification of impact during operation phase ................................................................... 4-90 4.4 Qualitative and Quantitative Impact Assessment ............................................................... 4-102 4.4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX ............................................................................................ 4-107 4.3.1 Conclusion of impact matrix assessment ......................................................................... 4-110 4.3.2 Summary of Impact ........................................................................................................... 4-110 4.5 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 4-112 CHAPTER V: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................ 5-113 5.1 Site Alternatives ................................................................................................................... 5-113 5.2 Assessment of new & untested technology for the risk of technological failure................ 5-113 5.3 Description of Alternative Technologies .............................................................................. 5-113 5.3.1 Different fermentation technologies ................................................................................ 5-113 5.3.2 Distillation ......................................................................................................................... 5-115 5.4 Distillery Spent wash treatment .......................................................................................... 5-116 5.5 Selection of alternative including justification. ................................................................... 5-117 Chapter VI: Environment Monitoring Program ........................................................................ 6-119
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
6.1 Objective of Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................... 6-119 6.2 Environment Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................. 6-119 6.4 Monitoring methodologies .................................................................................................. 6-122 6.5 Reporting and documentation ............................................................................................. 6-123 6.6 Formulation of Environment Management Cell (EMC) ....................................................... 6-123 6.8 Effective Implementation on Environmental Monitoring Program .................................... 6-124 6.9 Budgetary provision for environment management ........................................................... 6-125 CHAPTER VII: ADDITIONAL STUDIES ......................................................................................... 7-127 7.1 Public consultation ............................................................................................................... 7-127 7.2 Risk Assessment ................................................................................................................... 7-127 7.2.1 Risk mitigation .................................................................................................................. 7-127 7.2.2 Identification of risks and hazards .................................................................................... 7-128 7.2.1 Salient feature of risk mitigation ...................................................................................... 7-129 7.2.2 Identification of risks ........................................................................................................ 7-129 7.2.3 Fire and Explosion Index ................................................................................................... 7-131 7.2.4 Consequence Analysis ....................................................................................................... 7-133 7.2.5 Risk mitigation measures .................................................................................................. 7-133 7.2.6 Possibilities, nature and effects of emergency ................................................................. 7-141 7.2.7 Methodology of MCA Analysis .......................................................................................... 7-141 7.2.8 Consequence analysis ....................................................................................................... 7-141 7.2.9 Factors influencing the use of physical effect models ...................................................... 7-142 7.7.10 Specific Emergencies Anticipated and Mitigation Measures ......................................... 7-145 7.2.11 Risk Reduction Measures ................................................................................................ 7-146 7.3Disaster Management Plan ................................................................................................... 7-146 7.3.1 Capabilities of DMP ........................................................................................................... 7-147 7.3.2 Declaration of Emergency ................................................................................................. 7-147 7.3.3 Control of Emergency ....................................................................................................... 7-148 7.3.4 Emergency Fire Fighting Equipment ................................................................................. 7-149 7.3.5 Evacuation of Workers and Plant Shut Down ................................................................... 7-149 7.4 Disaster Control Philosophy ................................................................................................. 7-150 7.4.1 On-Site Emergency Management ..................................................................................... 7-151 7.4.2 Offsite Emergency Plan ..................................................................................................... 7-154 Chapter VIII: Project Benefits ................................................................................................... 8-157 8.1 Proponent approach towards the Project ........................................................................... 8-157 8.2 Project Benefits .................................................................................................................... 8-157 8.2.1 Improvements in the physical infrastructure ................................................................... 8-157 8.2.2 Improvements in the social infrastructure ....................................................................... 8-157 8.2.3 Employment Potential ...................................................................................................... 8-158 8.2.4 Advantages of distillery and cogeneration ....................................................................... 8-158 Chapter IX: Environmental cost benefit analysis 9.1 Environmental Benefits ....................................................................................................... 9-160 CHAPTER X: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................... 10-162 10.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 10-162
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
10.2 Environmental management during construction phase ................................................ 10-162 10.3 Environment Management Plan for Operation Phase .................................................... 10-165 10.4 Rain water harvesting and storm water management .................................................... 10-168 10.5 Greenbelt development Plan ........................................................................................... 10-170 10.6 Fire Fighting & Protection System ................................................................................... 10-172 10.7CER activities Plan ............................................................................................................. 10-173 10. 8 Environment Management Cell (EMC) ........................................................................... 10-173 10.8.1 Responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell ................................................... 10-175 10.9 Post Clearance Monitoring Protocol ................................................................................ 10-176 10.10 Environment Management Cost .................................................................................... 10-176 CHAPTER XI: SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................... 11-178 11.1 Project in brief............................................................................................................... 11-178 11.1 Process Description .......................................................................................................... 11-180 11.4 Description of the environment ...................................................................................... 11-181 11.5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts ................................................................................ 11-181 11.6 Environmental Monitoring Program ................................................................................ 11-182 11.7 Additional Studies ............................................................................................................ 11-184 11.8 Project Benefits ................................................................................................................ 11-184 11.9 Environmental Management Plan ................................................................................... 11-184 CHAPTER XII: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ......................................................................... 12-186 12.1 Background of the organization ...................................................................................... 12-187 12.2 Environmental Management and Engineering Division (EME) ....................................... 12-187 12.3 NABET Accreditation ........................................................................................................ 12-188 12.4 Key personnel’s engaged in preparation of EIA report ................................................... 12-188
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the report
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP (SLNSLLP) has proposed new Distillery of capacity 45 KLPD.
Considering the developments taking place in the field of ethanol and new Government
policies favouring to increase the production of ethanol, SLNSLLP has decided to install latest
technology for treatment of distillery spent wash i.e. biomethanation followed by standalone
multiple effect evaporation followed by bio composting as a final treatment. The high-
pressure steam generated in the boiler will run a Turbine to generate power thus saving in
purchase cost of power. SLNSLLP will use Final molasses/B-Heavy molasses/ sugarcane juice
in the same facility without any modification for ethanol production as per the Government
new initiatives to promote ethanol production form B-heavy molasses/Sugarcane juice.
As per EIA notification 2006 and its amendment thereof, project requires environmental
clearance and it is fall under Cat ‘B’ (<100 KLPD molasses based Distillery.) will be apprised at
SEAC-SEIAA Maharashtra.
1.2 Identification of project and project proponent
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP (SLNSLLP), is located at Amdapur, Post. Singnapur. Tal. &
Dist. Parbhani, 431402, recently operating was 2500 TCD and the first crushing season was
conducted in the year 2017-2018.
Considering the developments taking place in the field of ethanol supply to Oil Companies
and the increasing sugar stock in the country, the management of SLNSLLP has decided to
install a modern distillery unit with MPR Distillation & MSDH to produce ethanol along with
Biomethanation followed by multi effect evaporator followed by bio composting to achieve
‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ (ZLD) as per the norms of pollution control board.
Shree Laxmi narsinha Sugars LLP (SLNSLLP) is private limited companies vide registration no.
IEM-43/STA/IMO/2011 under KM from company act 1956.
Board of directors of the factories are given below,
Sr. No.
Name and Address Designation Profession
1. Mrs. Anuradha Rajendra Nagawade Partner Business
2. Shri. Sanjay Dhankawade Partner Business
3. Shri. Pramod Narharrao Jadhav Partner Business
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
To make the venture commercially viable and financially profitable, factory management
have decide to install 45 KLPD distillery plant.
1.3 EIA Consultant
MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., (MITCON) is a rapidly growing, an ISO
9001-2015 certified Consultancy Company, promoted by ICICI, IDBI, IFCI, and State
Corporations of Maharashtra and Public Commercial Banks. It was founded in 1982; with
Head Office at Pune and with supporting offices spread over entire country including
Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Chandigarh, and Ahmadabad etc. With
experience, expertise and track record developed over last almost three decades, MITCON
provides diverse range of macro and micro consultancy services in the areas of Environment
Management and Engineering (EME), Energy Efficiency, Biomass and Co-gen power,
Agricultural Business and Bio-technology, Infrastructure, Market Research, Banking Finance
and Securitization, Micro Enterprise Development, IT Training and Education. EME division
of MITCON serves to various sectors like – GIS & RS, solid waste, infrastructure, power,
sugar, engineering, chemical, real estate etc.
MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd. is accredited from National Accreditation
Board for Education and Training (NABET), Quality Council of India for the EIA consultancy
services in 16 sectors.
1.4 Brief description of the project
SLNSLLP is currently operating 2500 TCD sugar and proposes 45 KLPD Distillery and 20.5 MW
cogeneration power Plant. Based on availability of own molasses and due to increasing
demand of Alcohol and current favourable Ethanol Blending Policy by government of India,
SLNSLLP management has decided to install 45 KLPD distillery unit to produce rectified spirit
or fuel ethanol.
1.4.1 Nature and size of the project
Size of the project is 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane juice based Distillery and 20.5 MW
cogeneration power plant. As per EIA notification 2006 and its amendment thereof, project
requires environmental clearance and it is fall under Cat ‘B’ (<100 KLPD molasses based
Distillery.)
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
1.5 Project location
The proposed distillery location will be at Amdapur, and Post. Singnapur. Tal. & Dist.
Parbhani. Present Sugar unit is geographically located at Lat 19°10'27.03"N & Long
76°45'55.14"Eat 422 m MSL.
The land requirement for proposed industry unit is already in possession. Proposed project
will be within existing factory premises. Project site is connected to Parbhani-Gangakhed
state highway 4.36 km away in W direction and adjacent Singnapur- Amadapur road 1.21 in
in SW. Nearest town Pabhani 10 km in North. There are no Eco-sensitive zones like Tropical
Forest, Biosphere Reserve, National Park, Wild Life Sanctuary, and Coral Formation Reserves
within 10 km Influence Zone. River Godavari is flowing at a distance of 13.0 km in S and
Purna River at 17.5 km in NE.
1.6 Importance to country region
The Government of India has announced a favorable policy for these projects, which
includes mandatory mixing of ethanol from present 5% to 10% in next three years & up-to
20% thereafter, enhanced rate for selling ethanol to the petroleum companies.
1.7 Applicable Environmental Acts & Rules
As per the notification, proposed project falls under Activity 5 (j) and 5 (g) cat. A. The
following are the some other acts and rules related to environment which will be applicable
for the proposed project
EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006 and its sub sequent amendments. In addition
to the above mentioned acts and rules, some of the rules which are of importance in context
with this assignment include
The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 & amendment rules 2010
The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 2000
Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016
Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
E-Waste Management Rules 2016
E-Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011
1.8 Chronology of the project
The chronology of the activities during initial stages of the environmental clearance work for
the proposed project is given below
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
Table 1.1 : Chronology of the environmental clearance process
Sr. No. Particulars Date
1. TOR Application 18.01.2020
2. ToR granted 179th SEAC meeting dated 20.01.2020
3. Baseline Monitoring Oct- Dec 2019
1.9 Objective and scope of study
The proposed project was approved ToR in 179th SEAC meeting dated 20.01.2020. The
baseline studies required for EIA report has been conducted as per the Office Memorandum
issued by MoEF&CC dated 27.08.2017. Detail baseline study was undertaken during the
month of Dec 2019 to Feb 2020. The objective of the study is to carry out Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) for the proposed project, to meet the environmental compliances
laid down by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEFCC), Government of India.
1.9.1 The steps of EIA
Collection of baseline data on water, air, noise, biological & socio-economic status,
existing roads and railway lines, water bodies and ecological sensitive areas in the
project region.
Identification of potential impacts on various environmental components due to
activities envisaged during preconstruction, construction, and operational phases of the
proposed developments.
Prediction and evaluation of significant impacts on the major environmental
components.
Preparation of environmental impact assessment statement based on identification,
prediction, and evaluation of impacts.
De-lineation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining preventive and control
strategies for minimizing adverse environmental impacts.
With above view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to proposed project, the
project proponent appointed MITCON Consultancy & Engineering Services Ltd., Pune to
undertake Environmental Impact Assessment and prepare a detailed environmental
management plan to mitigate the adverse impacts. The baseline data collected in pre monsoon
season for air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic environment and presented in
this report.
Draft EIA report has been prepared in accordance with the Standard TOR issued and as per the
generic structure of the EIA mentioned in EIA notification dated 14th September 2006 and its
subsequent amendments.
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Type of Project
Proposed project is of new 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane juice based Distillery and 20.5 MW
cogeneration power plant. As per EIA notification 2006 and its amendment thereof, project
requires environmental clearance and it is fall under Cat ‘B’, Cogeneration activity-1(d)
Category “B” and Distillery activity-5(g) (All molasses ≤100 KLPD based on distillery).
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP (SLNSLLP) is located at Amdapur, Post. Singnapur. Tal. &
Dist. Parbhani, 431402 and recently operating 2500 TCD sugar. The first crushing season
was conducted in the year 2017-2018.
Considering the development taking place in the field of ethanol supply to Oil Companies
and the increasing sugar stock in the country, the management of SLNSLLP has decided to
install a modern distillery unit with MPR Distillation & MSDH to produce ethanol along with
Biomethanation followed by multi effect evaporator followed by bio composting to achieve
‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ (ZLD) as per the norms of pollution control board.
2.2 Need of the project
The demand for Industrial alcohol, potable alcohol and fuel ethanol is increasing.
Government of India is also planning to mix 10% fuel ethanol on petrol, once the 5%
blending programme is implemented successfully.
Also, Ethyl Alcohol is an important feedstock for the manufacture of chemicals. These
chemicals are primarily the basic carbon based products like Acetic Acid, Ethyl acetates,
Butanol, Butadiene, Acetic Anhydride, Vinyl Acetate, PVC etc.
The different important chemicals that could be made from alcohol are acetic acid &
butanol, which are needed in pharmaceuticals, paints & in many other areas are
important industries as they are value added products.
With latest technological development & taking into account the increasing cost of
petrochemical raw material, it is now possible to produce Ethylene oxide, Mono-ethylene
glycol etc. starting from ethanol.
There is good market for Extra Neutral Alcohol for manufacture of good quality perfumes,
homeopathic medicines, tonics and other pharmaceutical products and potable liquor.
Fuel ethanol has a great future as renewable source of energy. The latest trend for a fuel
in the world is use of fuel ethanol as an alternative for mineral fuel oil, which is depleting
as far as fuel oil is concerned.
Fuel-ethanol could be used in petrol as oxygenate. This reduces emission of carbon
monoxide in the exhaust gases of vehicles, by taking combustion to completion. It is
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
EIA REPORT
necessary and advisable to reduce emission of carbon monoxide because it is toxic to
human beings. Completion of combustion also reduces emission of particulate carbon
matter, which could cause respiratory disorders. Oxygenate has ‘in-built’ oxygen molecule
which helps in completing combustion in a better manner. Oxygenates are organic
compounds having boiling point in the vicinity of the boiling point range of petrol. These
compounds mix easily and thoroughly with petrol.
Anhydrous alcohol is water free ethyl alcohol. The anhydrous alcohol denatured with 0.5
% Kerosene was used to blend with petrol in the production of power alcohol of 20 %
alcohol and 80 % petrol composition. Power alcohol act made it compulsory to supply
only such mixtures at certain places known as power alcohol zone.
World ethanol production has increased at a steady rate in the last few years. In 2018,
there was a production of 108.32 billion liters of fuel ethanol with the US accounting for
about 60.80 billion litres (56.12 %) of this production followed by Brazil at 30.77 billion
liters (28.41 %). About 85 % of the total ethanol produced was used for blending into
petrol and only a small quantity was used for drinking and other purposes. Many
countries from Asia, Africa, and Europe & South America are now entering into ethanol
production and it’s blending with petrol.
Growth in export of alcohol is impressive during last decade. The policy of Central
Government is to increase percentage of ethanol blending with petrol from the present
10% to 20% by the year 2022 as stated by Hon. Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra
Modi.
Therefore, it is important for all distilleries in the country to increase its ethanol
production to meet the increasing demand. The technical performance of the SLNSLLP is
extremely good. All efforts are made to increase the recovery and reduce losses of sugar.
Based on availability of own molasses and due to increasing demand of alcohol, SLNSLLP
management has decided to install 45 KLPD distillery unit to produce rectified spirit/ENA
or fuel ethanol. Distillery will be based on the latest technology of Continuous/Fed-batch
fermentation and multipressure distillation with standalone multiple effect evaporation &
Molecular Sieve Dehydration system to produce Rectified spirit or Fuel (ethanol) alcohol.
(Source DPR given by client)
2.3 Project Location
The proposed distillery location will be at Amdapur, and Post. Singnapur. Tal. & Dist. Parbhani
in the existing sugar factory premises. Proposed Distillery will be geographically located at
Lat. 19°10'32.07"N & Long. 76°45'46.21"E 422 m MSL.
The land requirement for proposed industry unit is already in possession. Proposed project
will be within existing factory premises. Project site is connected to Parbhani-Gangakhed
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EIA REPORT
state highway 4.36 km away in W direction and adjacent Singnapur- Amadapur road 1.21 in
in SW. Nearest town Parbhani 10 km in North. There are no Eco-sensitive zones like Tropical
Forest, Biosphere Reserve, National Park, Wild Life Sanctuary, and Coral Formation Reserves
within 10 km Influence Zone. River Godavari is flowing at a distance of 13.0 km in S and Purna
River at 17.5 km in NE.
N
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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Figure 2.1: Map showing general location of the proposed project
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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Figure 2.2: Map showing general location of the proposed project
1. 19°10'36.36"N, 76°45'56.10"E 6. 19°10'16.92"N, 76°46'4.78"E 11. 19°10'11.65"N, 76°45'55.56"E 16. 19°10'21.97"N, 76°45'40.71"E
2. 19°10'31.90"N, 76°46'14.29"E 7. 19°10'12.70"N, 76°46'6.96"E 12. 19°10'11.31"N, 76°45'48.52"E 17. 19°10'25.32"N, 76°45'44.94"E
3. 19°10'21.75"N, 76°46'11.40"E 8. 19°10'15.23"N, 76°46'2.58"E 13. 19°10'16.59"N 76°45'43.98"E 18. 19°10'27.37"N, 76°45'37.91"E
4. 19°10'19.42"N, 76°46'8.18" E 9. 19°10'10.65"N, 76°46'5.02" E 14. 19°10'15.95"N, 76°45'39.59"E 19. 19°10'36.91"N, 76°45'42.93"E
5. 19°10'18.48"N, 76°46'1.60"E 10. 19°10'11.91"N, 76°45'59.96"E 15. 19°10'19.92"N, 76°45'39.47"E 20. 19°10'31.12"N, 76°45'53.98"E
N
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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Figure 2.3: Plant Layout
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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Figure 2.4: Existing factory photographs
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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2.4 Land Details
The total area available with the factory is 70.96 acres out of that total 23.5 acres will
developed under green belt.
Detailed area breakup is given below,
Total plot area 102.44 acres
Sugar factory built up area: 9.0 acres
Open space: 40.43 acres
Road area: 7.95 acres
Distillery: 13.19 acres
Existing green belt: 27.9 acres
Proposed greenbelt: 6 acres
2.5 Size and Magnitude of the Operation
The brief information of proposed expansion of integrated project details of sugar, distillery
and cogeneration are given in Table 2.2.
Table 2.1 : Salient features of integrated project
# Particulate Description
1. Project Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/Sugarcane Juice based Distillery/ Ethanol plant & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Plant of Shree Laxmi Narsinha Sugars LLP
2. Product Distillery: ENA/RS/AA/Ethanol of 45 KLPD (One at a time) Cogeneration: Proposed 20.5 MW
3. Existing 2500 TCD Sugar (TPD) (13% on cane)
325
Bagasse (TPD) (30%) 750
Press mud (TPD) (4.0%) 100
Molasses (TPD) (4.5%) 112.5
B heavy molasses (6.5%) (TPD)
162.5
4. Operation days Sugar factory season: 160 days Cogeneration : 160 days, Distillery: Total 270 days
5. Molasses requirement Molasses generation(B-heavy) 162.5 TPD Sugarcane juice 800-1000 MTD OR Final molasses 166 TPD/ B-heavy molasses- 140 TPD
6. Sugarcane juice (MTD) from Sugar cane 1000 TCD to
800-1000
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Ethanol production in season
7. Water requirement Total fresh water for 45 KLPD Distillery 390 CMD
8. Source of water Own rainwater harvesting Tank of capacity 180000 CMD
9. Boiler Existing Sugar Existing boiler 2X32 TPH with T.G 2.5 MW power generation Proposed 45 KLPD Distillery Boiler 15 TPH Proposed Cogeneration Boiler 90 TPH with 18.0 MW TG Hence total Power generation at a time during season will be 20.5 MW
10. TG TG : 2.5 MW and 18.0 MW
11. DG Proposed 250 KVAX1
12. Fuel Bagasse : 950 TPD Biogas:15000 CMD
13. Steam Total steam requirement for project 13.19 TPH
14. Total effluent generation Sugar: 242 m3/d Domestic: 13 Molasses based distillery: 880 m3/d (spent wash, spent lees, condensate).
15. Ash Existing Sugar Unit : Bagasse ash generation: 4.2 TPD
Proposed Bagasse ash generation: 20 TPD
16. ETP sludge The sludge from primary clarifies, settling tank and secondary clarifier will be sent to sludge drying beds. Sludge will be dried in natural heat of sunlight. The dried cakes will be can be utilized for as manure or in composting.
17. Air pollution control measures Proposed: Electrostatic precipitator for 90 TPH Cogen Boiler with 65 m stack Proposed Stack height: 45 m AGL for 15 TPH Distillery boiler with Existing Sugar boiler stack height: 40 M AGL with Wet Scrubber
18. Man-power Existing manpower: Permanent staff (skilled) 150 and Contract(unskilled) 170 For proposed project Skilled 40 and unskilled 77
19. Total project cost Sugar expansion: Rs 115.84 Cr
20. EMP capital cost Total Rs.~ 8.3 Cr
21. CER Cost Rs.1.7 Cr.
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EIA REPORT
2.5.1 Technical details of existing Sugar Factory
Table 2.2 : Design and operational details of sugar factory
Sr. No. Design Parameters Total
1. Crushing capacity TPD 2500
2. Number of crushing days/year (expected) 160
3. Molasses(B) generation TPD 162.5
4. Press mud Generation 100
5. Boiler used TPH 2X32 TPH
6. Steam generation from boiler, TPH 55
7. Power generation capacity 2.5
8. Power consumption, MW
9. For sugar plant 5.2
10. Power plant auxiliaries, lighting 1.3
11. Total 7.7
12. Bagasse (at 30 % in cane) generation TPD 750
13. Final disposal of treated effluent
14. Ash generation from existing plant TPD 20
15. Final disposal of Ash As is mixed with Press mud and utilized to make Bio-compost
Environment Sensitivity
22. Nearest Village Amdapur 1.4 km South
23. Nearest Town / City Parbhani 10 km in North
24. Nearest National Highway Parbhani-Gangakhed state highway 4.36 km in W and Singnapur- Amadapur road 1.21 in in SW
25. Nearest Railway station Singnapur : 3.0 km in West Parbhani : 9.0 km in North
26. Nearest Airport Shri. Guru Gobind Singhji Airport 60.0 km in East
27. National Parks, Reserved Forests (RF) / Protected Forests (PF), Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Tiger/ Elephant Reserves, Wildlife Corridors etc. within 10 km radius
No any in within 10 km of project area
28. River / Water Body (within 10 km radius)
Water Canal 0.53 km in SE direction River Godavari is flowing at a distance of 13.0 km in S and
Purna River at 17.5 km in NE.
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Table 2.3 : Bagasse balance
Sr. No. Particulates Existing
1. Bagasse Generation (TPD) (at 30 % in cane) 750
2. Total Bagasse required as fuel for boiler 950
3. Procured Bagasse TPD 200*
*Factory management proposed Sugar expansion in future, so there will not be Bagasse deficit.
Table 2.4 : Power Balance
Power Balance
T.G set 2.5 MW + 18.0 MW
Power Generation from TG set 20.5
Captive Power Consumption (Season : Sugar + Cogeneration) 20.5
Off Season Distillery boiler 2.5
Existing
For sugar plant 5.2
Power plant auxiliaries, lighting 1.3
Proposed Distillery 1.5
Power export 12.5 MW
2.5.2 Technical details of Distillery
Table 2.5 : Design and operational parameters of distillery
Sr. No. Description Proposed
1. Sugar factory crushing capacity (TCD) 2500
2. Distillery capacity (KLPD) 45
3. No. of days of operation of distillery 270
4. No. of hrs. per day 24
5. No. of season days, sugar factory 160
6. B Molasses % on cane (6.5 %) 162.5
7. Molasses available after diverting B-Heavy molasses @160 day (MTD) 162.5
8. Distillery operation during season by using cane juice in MTD or 800-1000
9. Total molasses required per annum MTA 45000
10. Total Molasses generation during season MTA 26000
11. Procured molasses during off season 19000
12. Ethanol recovery for one liters / MT of final molasses 250
13. Fermentable Sugar 45-55
14. Spent-wash generation per CMD of RS (Designed capacity) 450
15. Total conc. spent wash generation (CMD) 70
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2.6 Resource Requirement
2.6.1 Raw material
Raw material required is given below,
Table 2.6 Raw Material details
Sr. No. Raw material Existing Storage Source Mode of Transport Distance
1. Sugarcane (TPD) 2500 Cane yard Field Trucks, tractor 50 km
2. Sugarcane juice (TPD at 60 Brix) during season or
800-1000
Online utilization
Field Through pipeline -
3. Molasses available after diverting B-Heavy molasses @ 160 day (MTD) (6.5%)
162.5 Steel Tank Own Factory
Through. Pipeline -
4. F-Molasses (TPD) off season
166.0 Steel Tank Own Factory
Through. Pipeline ~ Within 60-80 km
5. Lime (TPD) 6.00 Godown -do- Truck ~100 km
6. Sulphur(TPD) 1.8 Godown -do- Truck ~100 km
7. Hydrochloric acid kg/day
11.25 Carboys -do- Tanker ~100 km
8. Phosphoric acid kg/d 38 carboys -do- Truck ~100 km
9. Lubricant Oil L/d 112 drums -do- Truck ~100 km
Table 2.7 : Storage tank details
Sr. No. Material Storage capacity
1. Water 1,80,000 CMD
2. Molasses Storage tanks (2No.) of 4500 X 2 Proposed one MS tank of 10000 MTX 1
3. Bagasse Existing 3.0 acres For proposed expansion 5.0 acres
4. Press mud Press mud and Bio-compost yard 11 acres
5. Proposed Coal Shed of area 20 X 25 m
6. Ash Propose 2 silo – 1days Exiting ash pits Ash handling system will be provided
7. Spent wash storage Proposed -Storage lagoon 4500 CUM
8. Alcohol Rectified spirit receivers:50 m3X3
Impure spirit receivers:10 m3X3
Rectified spirit storage tank 600 m3 X2
Impure spirit storage tank 200 m3X1
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Sr. No. Material Storage capacity
Fusel oil storage tank 10 m3 X1
9. Other raw material storage
20 x 25 m. Shade proposed area
2.6.2 Fuel requirement
Bagasse will be used for 90 TPH Cogeneration boiler and 15 TPH Distillery Boiler. HSD diesel
will be used in D.G sets (Existing 500 kVA) in case of power shut down or emergency. Fuel
consumption details are given in below Table.
Table 2.8 : Fuel consumption
Sr. No Fuel Proposed
1. Bagasse (Season) TPD 950
2. Biogas 15000 CMD
3. HSD per annum KL 10 KL
4. Bagasse GCV 2,100 kcal/ Kg.
5. Biogas GCV 5000 kcal/kg
2.6.3 Manpower
During construction phase 50 - 70 skilled and un-skilled labors will be required. Local labors will be engaged during construction phase. During operation phase around 117 skilled and unskilled employees will be needed. Existing sugar factory is having permanent staff 150 and contact staff 170.
2.6.4 Water
The total fresh requirement for the proposed project is 390 CMD which will sourced from
own rainwater harvesting pond of total capacity 180000 CMD. Domestic water need will be
5 CMD. Existing Sugar unit is utilizing 270 CMD daily fresh water. Detail water requirement
bifurcation is given below,
Table 2.9 : Total water requirement for proposed project
Description Quantities
Initial water requirement 1137
Recycle water (CMD) 752
Fresh water (CMD) 385
Domestic 5
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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Table 2.10 : Effluent generation from Existing sugar and cogeneration unit
Effluent Source Existing 2500 TCD
Spray pond overflow 100
Cooling tower, Boiler blow down 32
DM reject 10
Cleaning, leakages 100
Total 242
From domestic 12
Total 254
Table 2.11 : Effluent generation from distillery Unit
Effluent Source 45 KLPD molasses based CMD
Process condensate 320
Spent less 90
Spent wash 400
Cooling tower and boiler blow down 16.5
Total 826.5
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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Figure 2.5: Water balance of proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/Sugarcane juice based Distillery
20 CMD Air
blower & vacuum
pump 35 CMD
Feed Water
Distillation 30 CMD
DM water
380-400 CMD of Spent wash / day
MEE 70 CMD
90 CMD
Spent Less
Cooling tower
298 CMD recycle to
Fermentation
128.5 CMD
Fermentation
200 CMD Fresh water
Sludge drying bed
15 CMD
Molasses 166 TPD
Bio-methanation Plant
Bio-composting
Boiler
Steam
100 CMD Fresh water make up
CPU Unit of 465 CMD
Effluent 426.5 CMD
~15000 CMD
320 CMD
Process condensate
360 CMD for Boiler start up steam
condensate and 325 CMD recycle back to
boiler
1.5
Sugarcane
juice OR
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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Figure 2.7: Water balance of existing 2500 TCD Sugar
10
12
Raw water 270
D.M. Plant 255CMD
Boiler 245 CMD
To ETP
Cane Crushing - 2500 MT/day
Water in cane 1750 (70% of water)
Fiber 335.00
Brix (sugar, Non-sugar)-415
Addition of 250
in process
2000 Water used & losses in sugar manufacturing process
Sugar
0.100
Bagasse
348 Filter cake
65 F.M. 60
Cleaning 80
Process 250
Vent 50
Leakage 20
Excess 600 Condensate
57ccc5
Condenser (Evap +Pan) 527
00
Spray Pond
Overflow 100 to ETP
Evaporation loss 400
Evaporation loss, Make up 100
Cooled Condensate 500
Used as makeup for cooling 300
Cogeneration cooling tower 200 Domestic
15
Blow down 12
CMD
12
100
20
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2.6.5 Utilities details
List of Utilities required for proposed projects are given as below, technical details are given in Annexures
Sr. No. Equipment Name
I. Fermentation Section
1. Molasses Day Tank
2. Molasses Receiving Tank
3. Molasses Transfer Pump From Day Receiving Tank
4. Molasses Filters
5. Automatic Molasses Weighing System With Tanks, Load Cells
6. Weighing Tank (Molasses Receiving Tank)
7. Weighed Molasses Transfer Pump
8. Process Molasses Magnetic Flow Meter With Totaliser
9. Bio-Culture Devlopment Section Consisting Of Series Of Vessels With Increasing Volumes
10. Molasses Diluter For Yeast Vessels
11. Bio-Culture Transfer Pump
12. Continuous Mixed Bio-Reactors (Fermentors)
13. Molasses Broth Mixer For Fermenter
14. Yeast Activation Tanks
15. Yeast Activation Vessel Transfer Pump With Motor
16. Yeast Activation Coolers Plate Heat Exchangers
17. Wash Holding Tank
18. Distillation Feed Pump
19. Fermented Wash Coolers Plate Heat Exchangers
20. Fermented Wash Recirculation Pumps
21. Air Sparging Assembly For Vessels & Fermentors
22. Wash Settling Tank
23. Sludge Settling Tank
24. Sludge Transfer Pump
25. Air Blower
26. Air Filter
27. Nutrient Tank
28. Biocide Tank And Pump
29. Defoam, Acid Tank
30. Alcohol Vapors Recovery Column (Co2 Scrubber)
31. Process Water Pump
II. Distillation Section
32. Analyzer column
33. Degasifying column
34. Aldehyde Column/ Pre-rectifier
35. Rectifying column cum exhaust
36. Fusel oil column
37. MSDS
III. Condensers/Reboilers/Coolers
38. Rectifier PCV condenser
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39. Rectifier vent condenser
40. Degasifying condenser
41. Pre-rectifier condenser-I, II
42. FOC condenser I, II
43. Analyzer column reboiler, Analyser reboiler vent condenser
44. Vent scrubber heat exchanger
IV. Miscellaneous
45. Fusel oil De-canter with sight and light glass and water sparger
46. Degasifying Tank
47. Plate heat exchangers 1. F. Wash heater 2. Rectifier feed heater 3. Spentwash cooler
48. Jet mixer
V. Piping Fittings & Valves
VI. Pumps with motors
VII. Equipment/Instrumentation
49. Magnetic Flow Meter
50. Glass tube Rotameter
51. Metal tube Rotameter
52. Pressure Gauges
53. Temp Element
54. Pressure Transmitter
55. Level indicator with alarm
56. Safe & tester for rectified spirit, impure spirit.
57. Anti-vacuum/pressure relief valves (Distillation column)
58. Timers
59. Manometer
60. Vibration switch for cooling tower
61. Instrument air compressor for distillation plant
VIII. Electrical Work For Fermentation & Distillation House, Tank farm & Utility section
IX. Pumps with flameproof motor & double mechanical seal:
X. Utilities
62. Cooling tower with motor & cooling water circulation pump (1+1Nos.)
63. Soft water unit with pump & Storage tank (1+1Nos
64. DM water unit with Pumps (1+1Nos.) & DM Storage tank - New
2.7 Technology and process description
2.7.1 Molasses based Distillery
Molasses is the chief raw material used for production of alcohol. Molasses contains about 50 %
total sugars, of which 30 to 33 % is cane sugar and the rest are reducing sugars.
During the fermentation, yeast strains of the species Saccharomyces Cerevisieae, a living
microorganism belonging to class fungi converts sugar present in the molasses such as sucrose or
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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glucose in to alcohol. Chemically this transformation for sucrose to alcohol can be approximated
by the equation:
Thus 180 gm. of sugars on reaction gives 92 gm of alcohol. Therefore, 1 MT of sugar gives 511.1
kg of alcohol. The specific gravity of alcohol is 0.7934, therefore, 511.1 kg of alcohol is equivalent
to 511.1 / 0.7934 = 644.19 liters of alcohol.
During Fermentation of other by-products like glycerin, succinic acids etc. also are formed from
sugars. Therefore, actually 94.5% total fermentable sugars are available for alcohol conversion.
Thus, one MT of sugar will give only 644 x 0.945 = 608.6 liters of alcohol, under ideal condition
theoretically.
Main steps of Alcohol manufacturing are described as under,
Yeast propagation
Initially yeast is developed in the laboratory from the single cell yeast culture. In the laboratory,
yeast is propagated in a test tube on 10 ml. Then it is transferred to a bigger flask of 500 ml. flask
are transferred to 5 liter flask containing the sterilized molasses media solution. It is necessary to
adjust the pH of the molasses solution in the range of 4.5 to 5.0 add necessary nutrients such as
ammonium sulfate or urea, diammonium phosphate etc. On the plant side, there are again 3
stages of propagation namely 100 L, 500 L and 5000 L. All these equipment’s are designed so as
to facilitate boiling molasses solution in order to sterilize it and also cooling to bring it to the
proper temperature of 330C and letting in culture and taking out culture.
Boiling, cooling, introducing culture etc. are done in aseptic manner, i.e. keeping the
fermentation medium free from any kind of infection. Further stages of yeast propagation are
done in open tanks. i.e. pre-fermenter requires about 8 hr. in order to build up necessary
concentration of yeast in them.
Fermentation
Pre-fermenter is emptied in an empty fermenter, which is previously cleaned and kept ready.
Dilute molasses solution is allowed to flow in this fermenter so as to fill it to its working capacity.
Now a day, readymade compressed yeast is used directly in the pre-fermenters. Good quality of
yeast is available for use in distillery.
The fermentation of molasses in fermenters take about 24 to 30 hr. for completely exhausting
the sugars in molasses. The average efficiency of conversion of sugars from molasses to alcohol is
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80 to 85 % of theoretical value in batch type distilleries. All the sugars are not converted to
alcohol during the process or fermentation because chemicals like glycerin, succinic acid, etc. are
also produced by yeast during their metabolic process. Therefore, it is not possible to have 100%
efficiency of conversion of sugars to alcohol. The average yield of alcohol from molasses is about
230 liters from 1 MT of molasses in batch type distilleries.
New Developments in fermentation and distillation get high yield of 280 to 300 liters per MT of molasses. Different technologies are classified
High brix fermentation
Multistage continuous fermentation
Immobilized enzyme fermentation
Continuous fermentation without yeast separators.
The continuous fermentation proposed is the latest and proven technology as compared to the
old batch fermentation technology. It has many advantages like continuity of operation, higher
efficiency and ease of operation. Continuous fermentation also results into consistent
performance over a long period as compared to batch fermentation. Most modern ethanol
production plants adopt this continuous fermentation technology.
A set of two/four fermenters is required for this process. This wort enters the first Fermenter and
is allowed to overflow to the second fermenter and the wash from 2nd fermenter goes to 3rd to
4th fermenter. Nutrient solution and dilute acid is fed to the first fermenter by metering or
dosing pumps. Temperature of the individual fermenters is maintained in the desired range of 30
to 32oC by re-circulating the fermenting wash through the individual plate heat exchangers. A
separate cooling tower and pump are used for re-circulating the cooling water for fermentation.
The wash coming from the 4th fermenter, it contains 8 –9.5 % alcohol. Process water is also
added to first one or two fermenters. Water ring blowers sparged fermentation air into first and
second fermenters, carbon dioxide generated into the first and second fermenter is collected and
it fed into the third fermenter for proper mixing of the fermented wash, while part of the carbon
dioxide generated into the last fermenter is collected and it led into the CO2 scrubber. The CO2,
which is liberated in fermentation, is scrubbed in water, with the help of CO2 scrubber. This CO2
contains ethanol, which is recovered by collecting CO2 scrubber water fed into sludge trough.
The wash coming out from last fermenter goes to yeast separator (Yeast settling tank).
In the yeast separator yeast cream is separated by gravity settling from the wash and returned
back to the first fermenter by acidic treatment to avoid the contamination, nutrient dosing as
well mixing of molasses by broth mixer with yeast cream and sparging the air in yeast activation
tank (YAT), therefore yeast activity will be increases and it is fed to the fermenter No.1. The top
fermented wash overflow collected in the wash settling tank (WST).
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Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane Juice based & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Power Plant at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra
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Fermented wash settling Tank
In wash settling tank sludge is settled at the bottom while top supernatant wash over flow to the
wash charger (wash holding tank), then it is pumped to Mash or Primary column for distillation
system to recover the alcohol.
The sludge drain from the bottom of WST is fed in to sludge trough where it is diluted with CO2
scrubber water. The diluted sludge is pumped into Sludge settling tank (SST). The traces of
ethanol present in diluted sludge are separated at the supernatant, which is collected into wash
charger through overflow and washed sludge from bottom is drained off.
Wash column
The wash column divided into two sections
i) Vaporizer
ii) Stripper.
iii) The wash is preheated by plate heat exchanger and outgoing stillage.
It enters the top plate of vaporizing section of wash column. The wash is boiled by vapours
coming up from the stripper section. About 90 % of ethanol is removed from the top through
vapour pipe of the column. The concentration of alcohol in the vapour is approx. 50 % v/v.
About 70 % of weak wash is pumped from the bottom of vaporizer through the regeneration
heat exchanger to return to the fermenter via a trim cooler in the form of heat exchanger. A
minor stream of 30 % remaining weak wash flows to another section of distillation column called
as stripping column.
Distillation Technologies
After fermentation the next stage in the manufacture of alcohol is to separate alcohol from
fermented wash and to concentrate it to 95 % alcohol called as rectified spirit. For this purpose,
method of distillation is employed.
The distillation column system consist of number of bubble cap plates where wash is boiled and
alcoholic vapors are separated according to their boiling point and concentrated on each plate
stage by stage.
Multi-pressure distillation system for production of Rectified Spirit consists of distillation columns namely
Degasifying cum analyser column
Rectification Column
Fusel Oil Concentration column For ENA mode
Degasifying cum analyzer column
Pre-rectifier column
Extractive Distillation column
Rectification Column
Refining /simmering column
Fusel Oil Concentration column
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Head Concentration column Fermented wash is preheated in pre-heater and fed at the top of the Analyser column, Analyser
column is fitted with thermosyphon reboiler. Top vapours of analyser column are sent to pre-
rectifier column. Rest of the fermented wash flows down and is taken as spent wash from
analyser column bottom.
Pre-rectifier bottom liquid is preheated with spent-less and fed to rectifier cum exhaust column.
Low boiling impurities are concentrated in the pre-rectifier column.
A top draw is taken out as impure alcohol from the top of the pre-rectifier column.
The bottom of pre-rectifier column is sent to rectifier feed tank.
Rectifier exhaust is operated under pressure and heats analyzer column through re-boiler Alcohol is enriched towards the top and is drawn out as Rectified spirit.
Fusel oil build-up is avoided in the Rectifier column by withdrawing outside streams of fusel oil.
These are sent to fusel oil concentration column from where the fusel oil is sent to decanter for further separation. The fusel oil wash water is recycled back to the column.
A top draw is taken out as impure alcohol from the top of fusel oil column & pre-rectifier column.
In the proposed project, ENA will be produced directly from wash. The concentrated vapours
from the rectification/exhaust column will be fed directly to the ENA section of distillation
columns (Extractive distillation and simmering column). The ENA-distillation columns will
work on multi-pressure principle so that maximum heat economy can be achieved with
improved quality of ENA.
Manufacturing Process for Fuel/Anhydrous Alcohol
Molecular Sieve
The feed (Rectified Spirit), pumped from the storage tanks, is heated through the heat
exchanger by the dehydrated alcohol, then heated RS of 93% to 96% is fed to the top of the
distillation column.
The liquid passes through the distillation column where ethanol is stripped of. The alcohol free liquid called spent lees is separated and discharged from the bottom of the distillation column and the ethanol stream, with strength of about 96% by volume, is removed as vapor, at the top section of the distillation column and feed to the molecular sieve unit after a super heating about 115oC by steam in the heat exchanger. Fuel oils are removed from an intermediate point of the column in order to avoid any risk of flooding of the column and feed to the static settling device where are separated from the weak water which are recycled to the column. This solution shows following advantages,
Total recovery of steam condensate which is recycled to the steam boiler at high temperature with consequent increasing of the efficiency of the re-boiler (higher production of steam per unit of fuel)
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Lower cost for softening of demineralization of raw water to be fed to the boiler as steam condensate does not need any treatment
Lower quantity of stillage, potential source of pollution The super-heated ethanol stream removed at the top of the distillation column feeds one of
the two sieve beds is now in regeneration mode.
The second sieve bed when in regeneration mode (under vacuum) and receives a small
amount of vapor from bed working in over pressure. As soon as regeneration is finished (a
regeneration cycle lasts about 5 minutes), an automatic control system changes the
operating conditions of the two sieve beds in order to have the first sieve bed in
regeneration and the second one in dehydration mode.
The dehydration process releases a vapor ethanol stream with a very small amount of water
(500 ppm or less), which is condensed in the condenser cooled in the heat exchangers and
sent to the storage as dehydrated alcohol.
The regeneration process releases a certain amount of absorbed water and ethanol, which
are condensed in the condenser and recycled to the column. Cooling media of the first
cooling step of the dehydrated alcohol (condenser) is the regeneration stream recycled to
the distillation column and cooling media of the second cooling step of the dehydrated
alcohol (condenser) is the fed stock coming from the storage tanks, which is preheated as
herein above described. Remaining vapors and liquid are condensed and cooled by cooling
water in S &T or P&F heat exchangers.
The unit operation is fully automatic and all operations are governed by logics executed by a
PLC Control system.
2.7.2 Sugarcane Ethanol
Sugarcane ethanol is an alcohol-based fuel produced by the fermentation of sugarcane
juice and molasses. Because it is a clean, affordable and low-carbon biofuel, sugarcane
ethanol has emerged as a leading renewable fuel for the transportation sector. Ethanol can
be used two ways:
Pure ethanol - It is a fuel made up of 85 to 100 percent ethanol depending on
country specifications and can be used in specially designed engines
Lower Petroleum Usage- Ethanol reduces global dependence on oil. Sugarcane
ethanol is one more good option for diversifying energy supplies.
Diagrammatic representation of production of ethanol from Sugarcane juice and molasses
is as given below,
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Figure 2.8: Alcohol/ethanol manufacturing process
Sugarcane Milling
Sugarcane juice heating
Molasses
Molasses Dilution
with water OR
Sugarcane juice
juice
Yeast
Nutrients
Distillation
Deg
asif
yin
g cu
m a
nal
yzer
colu
mn
Extr
acti
ve D
isti
llati
on
colu
mn
Pre
-rec
tifi
er c
olu
mn
Rec
tifi
cati
on
Co
lum
n
Ref
inin
g co
lum
n
Fuse
l Oil
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n
Hea
d C
on
cen
trat
ion
colu
mn
Spent wash Spent lees Alcohol
Molecular Sieves
Dehydration
section
Ethanol
Fermentation
Spent wash
recycle
Bio-methanation
Bio-composting MEE
Biogas
Process condensate
CO2
Used as a boiler
fuel
CPU Treated water
recycle in the process
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2.7.4 Co-generation power plant process in brief
Cogeneration or combined heat and power is the use of a heat engine or power station to
generate electricity and useful heat at the same time (Wikipedia). The process of manufacturing
and MEE requires steam. However, by producing steam at higher pressure and higher
temperature, electricity can be generated in addition to the main manufactured product. The
fuel for the boilers of the cane sugar industry will be Bagasse. Superheated steam from boiler is
fed to turbine generator.
Figure 2.9: Cogeneration process flow chart
2.8 Pollution sources and its mitigation measures
Summary of major waste generation of the from sugar, cogeneration and distillery its
disposal/ treatment mechanism is given below,
Table 2.12 : Major pollution sources and its proposed mitigation measures
Environment attribute
Sources Pollutant /Quantity Proposed mitigation measures
Air pollution Stack, Fugitive emissions, material
PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2 Proposed: Electrostatic precipitator to 90 TPH boiler Proposed Stack height: 65 m
Total power generation 20.5 MW
Steam to sugar process
Superheated Steam
Bagasse, biogas
Turbo generator
Condensate
De-aerator
Feed
Water Boiler
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handling Proposed 18TPH Boiler with Wet scrubber 45 m stack height Existing stack height: 40m with wet scrubber
Waste water Management
Blow down from boiler, cooling tower, floor washing, other cleaning activities and domestic, Spent wash, spent lees, process condensate.
Existing from Sugar unit: 240 CMD, Total domestic WW 42.5 CMD, Distillery effluent generation Molasses based: Spent wash 380-400 CMD, spent lees 90 CMD, Process condensate 320 CMD
Spent lees, blow down and condensate will be treated in CPU of capacity 465 CMD and treated water will be recycled. Treated water is recycled/reused in greenbelt development and ferti-irrigation. Total Spent wash generation will be 380-400 CMD. Spent wash will be treated trough Biogas unit followed by Multi effect evaporator (MEE) followed by Bio composting.
Solid waste management
ETP Sludge, ash and Press mud
Existing Sugar Unit - Bagasse ash generation: 4.2 TPD Proposed Bagasse ash generation: 20 TPD Yeast sludge 25-30 TPD CPU sludge 35-40 TPM
Bagasse ash collected will be mixed with Pressmud and utilize for Composting. The sludge from primary clarifies, settling tank and secondary clarifier will be sent to sludge drying beds. Sludge will be dried in natural heat of sunlight. The dried cakes will be scrapped off periodically and can be utilized for as manure or mixed with Press mud and utilized for composting
2.9 Details of anaerobic digestion and composting process details
2.9.1 Anaerobic digestion process
The anaerobic metabolism of a complex substrate, including suspended organic matter, can be regarded as a three-step process:
Step 1 Hydrolysis of suspended organic and soluble organic of high molecular weight.
Step 2 Degradation of small organic molecules to various volatile fatty acids, ultimately acetic acid.
Step 3 Production of methane, primarily from acetic acid but also from hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
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Table 2.13 :Technical specifications for biogas plant to handle maximum 450 m3/day spent wash
Sr. No. Particulars Specification
1. Digester with assembly
Type -CSTR Digester No. - 1 Capacity: - 11000 m3 Material: MS with internal epoxy coating. Organic Loading rate – 5.0 Kg/M3/day Shell Thickness: As per IS –803-1976 Sampling ports provided at every 2m height. The gas zone of dome is to be sand blasted & epoxy coated & surface in liquid (1M below the liquid level) to be sand blasted & epoxy anticorrosive Painted. Moisture trap with drain line (MOC-SS- 304)
2. Central agitator One for digester, motor flame proof
3. Lateral agitators 3Nos. for digester
4. Gas holder (1 No.) with basin
MOC: - MS with FRP epoxy coating inside and synthetic enamel paint outer side with pressure /vacuum relief valve. MOC-MS
5. Degasser MS, One for digester internal Sand blasting & epoxy coated inside and synthetic enamel paint outside.
6. Lamella clarifier, shell and hopper
1No. MS with sand blasted & epoxy coated inside and synthetic
7. Equalization or buffer tank
Capacity -250 M3 RCC or Masonry /brick work. Impervious type prepared using HDPE lining (250 micron) and sulphate resistant cement used.
8. Spent wash Transfer pumps (1+1Nos.) and digester feed pumps (1+1Nos.) with valves & on line going from 5 days spentwash cooling tank to buffer tank and on line going from buffer tank to digester
Pump Type: Centrifugal non-clog type
9. Sludge recirculation pumps (1+1Nos.)
Impeller & contact parts SS- 316, one set for digester
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10. Flow Meters Magnetic flow meters with totalizers
(Source: Information from client: DPR prepared by VSI, Pune)
2.9.2 Composting process
Bio-compost process can be divided into the following stages –
Active Stage
After formation of windrows and spraying of inoculums active stage starts. During this
stage rise in temperature takes place. This phase lasts for first 10-15 days.
Maturation Stage
Includes the greater part of maturation and extends to and beyond the period of
temperature decline, which consists of the next 14 days when the temperature is
maintained and the next 10 days when the temperature starts to decline.
Ripening or Curing Stage
Allow the compost to age for 4 weeks, until the moisture stabilizes at 30% to 35%.
Windrow Size
Windrow Size – 3.5 M Width x 1.5 M Height
Distance between two windrows – 1M (by using self-propelling machine).
Formation of windrows
Press-mud should be formed in windrow size of 3.5M x 1.5M. The windrows should be
formed straight and have correct size.
Inoculum application
After running the machine for a day, spray inoculum. Inoculum acts both as an odor
reducing agent and an activator to hasten the process of raising the temperature.
Normally for every MT of press mud 0.5 to 1.0 kg of inoculum is applied. It is diluted 100
times with effluent and sprayed on the windrows spreading over 3 days for effective
results (in the 3rd , 5th and 10th day) immediately after the application of inoculum,
windrow should be aerated with mixing machine to spread the inoculum uniformly to all
parts of windrow.
Aeration
Normally aerotiller/ mixing machine is used for mixing up the windrow, loosen the same
and create a situation congenial for natural aeration. When the moisture content reduces
below 40% an addition of effluent should restore it to 65 %. If the press-mud is wet (more
than 70 % moisture) there is lower supply of oxygen. Moisture content should be brought
down to about 40 % by giving proper aeration. Microorganisms make use of nitrogen and
carbon for their metabolic activities. The energy required for this process is derived by
aerobic decomposition. Aeration should be given to raise the bio-compost temperature
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and establish an aerobic condition. The temperature should be 60-650C in the windrow.
Continue spraying and aeration till the completion of bio-composting cycle.
Effluent Spraying
Spraying is done either before aeration or during the mixing/ aeration process. The
quantity of effluent to be applied should be strictly controlled so that the windrows
always have proper moisture content, which is optimum for aerobic composting.
Merging of Windrows
Once the hard material or lumps is broken by the mixing machine and is loosened, it gets
compacted and the windrow height gets reduced due to proper degradation of organic
matter with proper aeration. After about 15 days of initial composting the windrow
height is likely to be reduced to about 0.5 meter. At this point it may be required to
merge 2 windrows into one and continue further processing.
Curing in Heaps
After completing the spraying, aerate the windrows for 2 or 3 days without spraying
effluent. After reducing the moisture to about 30 % to 35 % heap the compost in the
corner to a height of about 2 meter to have anaerobic process for about 15 days and also
to make the space free for fresh windrow formation. A distinctive black loamy, free
flowing and baggable compost, which has a pleasant earthy smell and moisture content
of 30-35 %, should be produced. (Source of Information from client: DPR prepared by VSI, Pune)
Composting specifications
Press mud production @4% : 100TPD
Moisture content of Press mud: 70%
Distillery capacity 45 KLPD
Days of operation : 270
Raw Spent wash production: 1, 08, 000 m3
Spent wash generation after Bio-methanation and evaporation- 70-75 m3/d
Ratio Press mud: Spent wash, (60 days cycle ): 1:1.6
Press mud requirement (in MT per annum) : 11813
No. of composting cycles : 4
Press mud per composting cycle MT: 6328
Microbial culture MT @0.5 Kg per MT of press mud: 12. 66
Required composting area considering press mud per acre per cycle: 6.93acres
Total concentrated biomethanated spentwash generation per annum:
= 270 days X 75 M3/day = 20250 M3/annum.
Spent wash Holding Tank designed details and drawing attached
Compost yard designed (concrete lining, HDPE lining)
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For construction of compost yard, the ground will be properly leveled and Compacted by
using heavy-duty roller to get 95 % C.F compaction and the compost yard will be prepared
layer by layer as follows.
First Layer – Well compacted soil layer to achieve 95% C.F compaction
Second Layer – 50 mm of fine sand layer
Third Layer – HDPE liner of 250 Micron
Fourth Layer – Fine Sand Layer thickness 50 mm
Fifth Layer – 100 mm thick self-finishing reinforced concrete (1:4:8) using 8mm dia.
Tor steel 300 mm apart both ways
Compost cycle
Week 1.
(Inoculation)
Collection & handling of press mud, formation of windrow of dimension 3.5 X
1.5 X as per Lenght M & first pass of Aero tiller to reduce the moisture Content
in windrow from 70% to 50%. Inoculation with mixed population microbial
culture containing fungi, Bacteria and Actinomycetes (30% Suspension in water)
& Aerotilling for proper mixing of inoculants.
Weeks 2-5
(Processing)
Spent wash spraying & Aerotilling, maintenance of moisture between 50 to 65 %
is done by Spent wash spraying. Aerotiller is passed after every spent wash
spray. Trimming of windrow after every Aerotilling operation to reshape the
windrow in triangular position. During this period the temperature of the
composting windrow increases up to 650C.
Week 6
(Curing &
Drying)
Curing, Aging & Drying: Optimum moisture content is maintained. No effluent is
applied during this stage. Leachate BOD & COD is get reduced. Aero tilling is
continued twice a week till the compost is stabilized and finally dispatched to
end user -member farmers as manure.
Features of the composting process
• This is a zero pollution process.
• The BOD of effluent is destroyed.
• All the degradable organic material is oxidized to humus.
• There is no odor nuisance.
• There is no fly nuisance.
• The product is dry, baggable and has a high nutritional value for all crops, and
is applicable on all types of soils.
• Compost is free from weed seeds and pathogens.
• The composting process is carried out on scientifically designed concreted
compost yard and no ground water pollution/percolation envisaged.
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2.10 Project Implementation Schedule
Project action will start after getting Environment Clearance from EAC, MoEFCC.
Estimated time schedule of project implementation will be around 100-120 weeks
2.11 Project Cost Estimate
Project cost and Environment Management cost is depicted as under,
Table 2.14 : Project Cost
Sr. No Description Cost (Rs. Lakhs)
1. Buildings and Civil works 1380.60
2. Plant and Machinery including GST 4702.80
3. Miscellaneous Fixed Assets 70.80
4. Machinery Stores/Spares 5.00
5. Preliminary & Pre-operative and other expenses 358.18
6. Contingencies @ 2% 92.16
7. Margin Money 25.00
8. Cogeneration equipment and machineries 4949.0
Total 11584.0
Table 2.15 : Environment Management Cost
Sr. No Description Capital Cost (Rs. Cr.)
Recurring Cost (Rs. Cr.)
1. Air Pollution Control (ESP and stack, Ash handling system)
6.3 0.01
2. Water Pollution Control (CPU) 1.5 0.05
3. Solid waste Management 0.05 0.05
4. Environmental Monitoring and Management 0.05 0.03
5. Rainwater Harvesting 0.15 0.05
6. Occupational Health 0.05 0.05
7. Green belt development 0.2 0.05
8. Total 8.3 0.29
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CHAPTER III: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Environmental Parameters
Field monitoring was done for primary data collection of various environment components
such as air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise, micrometeorology, flora & fauna, socio-
economic, hydro-geological study, traffic study etc.
Secondary data from authenticated sources was used as a guideline and reference material.
The entire data has been collected through actual physical surveys and observations,
literature surveys, interaction with locals, government agencies, and departments.
The baseline study begins with site visits and reconnaissance survey in the study area. During
these visit the locations were fixed for the monitoring and collection of primary data. The
guiding factors for the present baseline study are the requirements prescribed by the
guidelines given in the EIA Manual of the MoEFCC and methodologies mentioned in
Technical EIA Guidelines Manual for Distilleries by IL&FS Ecosmart Ltd., Hyderabad approved
by MoEFCC.
3.2 Study Period
1. The studies were conducted in winter season for the period of Oct 2019 to Dec 2019
3.3 Frequency of Monitoring
Frequency of environment monitoring considered is given in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: Environmental Parameter & Frequency of Monitoring
Components Parameters Frequency Methodology adopted
Ambient air quality
PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx
Ambient air quality samples are monitored at 9 locations for 24 hours twice a week for the study period
PM10/PM2.5: Gravimetric method
SO2: Modified West and Gaeke Method. (IS : 5182, Part II)
NOx: Jacobs & Hochheiser Method. (IS 5182 Part VI)
Meteorology Surface : Wind speed & direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall
Secondary data collected IMD
Monitoring data for primary data IS: 8829
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3.4 Study area
The project study area is located in at Amdapur, Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, Maharashtra. Brief of environment setting is given in Table 3.2.
Water quality Physical, Chemical and Bacteriological parameters.
Primary data
Ground water samples were collected from 8 locations and 3 surface water samples were
collected from one locations
Standard methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA)
Ecology Terrestrial fauna and flora and River ecology
Field survey conducted in 10 km study area, once during the study period
Listing of floral and faunal species.
Noise Noise levels in dB(A)
Continuous 24 – hourly monitoring at 9 locations once during the study period
IS: 4954 as adopted by CPCB.
Soil Physico-chemical Sampling at 9 locations around project site once during the study period.
BIS specifications
Socioeconomic Data
Socio-economic
characteristics of the affected area
General in 10 km radial study area and data collected around the project site through field visits
-
Land use pattern
Land use for different categories
10 km radius, Based on data published in Primary Census Abstract and satellite imagery LISS –III
Topo-sheets
Satellite imageries
Geology and hydrogeology
Type, drainage etc. Field Observations in 10 km study area and from secondary data
Authenticate published data.
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Table 3.2: Environmental setting Sr. No. Particulates Description
1. Project Location Geographical Coordinates
19°10'32.07"N & Long. 76°45'46.21"E
2. Toposheet number 56A/11, 56A/12, 56A/15, 56A/16,
3. Nearest IMD station Parbhani 10 KM (North)
4. Nearest Town
5. Nearest airport Shri. Guru Gobind Singhji Airport 60.0 km in East
6. Nearest Road Parbhani-Gangakhed state highway 4.36 km in W and Singnapur- Amadapur road 1.21 in in SW
7. Nearest Railway station Singnapur : 3.0 km in West Parbhani : 9.0 km in North
8. Nearest Village Amdapur 1.4 km South
9. Nearest densely populated area
Parbhani 10 KM (North)
10. No. of Villages in 10 km 39
11. Climate Dry tropical climate with hot summer and moderate winter
12. Nearest Water body Water Canal 0.53 km in SE direction River Godavari is flowing at a distance of 13.0 km in
S and Purna River at 17.5 km in NE.
13. Eco-sensitive area No any in within 15 km of project area
14. Average Annual rainfall (mm) 962.8 mm
15. Temperature Lowest recorded Temp 0C: 4.4
Highest recorded Temp 0C: 46.6 °
16. Humidity Annual mean Relative humidity: 44-62%
17. Wind Direction Dominant during study period: North East, East & ENE Annual average dominant wind : From West, South West & North West.
18. Soil Type Heavy black soil –Black cotton soil
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Figure 3.1: Toposheet of the 10 km study area
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Google Image 2010 Google Image 2020
Figure 3.2: Google image historical and present image
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3.5 Geomorphology
Parbhani has a general elevation of about 457.50 metres above the sea level, its highest and
lowest levels being 579.73 meters in the Jintur range, about 12.87 km north of Charthana
and 366.0 meters above sea level on the Godavari bank near the point where the river
crosses over the district boundary. Pathri, Partur (except its northern part), Gangakhed and
Parbhani talukas have plain topographically.
The district as a whole belongs to the Godavari peninsular drainage, but the area of the
district mainly belongs to two river systems, one in the north and north-east: the Penganga,
and the other the Marathwada Purna and other immediate tributaries of the Godavari
flowing in this district.
The prevailing tone of the landscape in Parbhani is that of plateau forms having eroded
scarps and detached remnants. In places, the plateau ranges succeed one another to attain
higher elevations. Where ever the plateau is wide, it assumes the appearance of an
undulating remnant plain, with its scarp face overlooking broad river basins. These scarp
lands present a much eroded appearance and so intense is the erosive action of streams
that their deeply entrenched valley courses are flanked by broken and bare scrub-lands as in
the region north and east of Kalamnuri.
The landscape of Parbhani district has two contrasting features: the undulating agricultural
plains and the residual plateau features with deeply eroded sides covered with scrub and
occasional stony wastes. The scarp-lands lying to the north of the Purna area are
counterparts of the Jintur hills, but they are more continuous and have an undulating
plateau extension towards the north. (Ground Water Information Parbhani District, Maharashtra_1786/Dbr/2013)
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Figure 3.4: Parbhani district physiography (Ground Water Information Parbhani District, Maharashtra_1786/Dbr/2013)
Soil
The types of Soils are seen in the district are:
1. Light and medium soil is seen in the northern part wherein the soil horizon is shallow. The
soil is also seen in southern part of the Gangakhed taluka.
2. Heavy black soil exists in the central part of the district viz in parts of Parbhani talukas.
The soil horizon is thick. This soil is called Regur which is rich in various plant nutrients.
The soil horizon is very thick in valley portions.
Due to rolling and undulating topography, soil of varying thickness has developed. The soil
varies from clayey to clayey loamy in valleys and sandy loamy on hills and slopes.
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(Ground Water Information Parbhani District, Maharashtra_1786/Dbr/2013)
Figure 3.4: Hydrology map of Parbhani District
Hydrology
Groundwater occurrence and movement in the area is influenced by its rock formations.
Groundwater potentially depends upon porosity and permeability (both primary and secondary)
of rock formations. Parbhani district is underlain by basaltic lava flows and alluvium only.
The regional Static water level in the area varies from 20 mbgl to 25mbgl. Ground water
extraction in the area is done mainly through dug wells and bore wells. The average depth range
of dug wells in the area is 15.00 m to 30.00 m. The average depth range of bore wells in the area
is 60.00to 80.00 m.
Deccan Trap Basalt: The entire district is underlain by a series of Deccan lava flows that came out
as effusive flows through openings during the period from Upper Carboniferous to Cretaceous
period. An overall study of the district, based on the field surveys has recorded maximum 10
flows. The flows were demarcated on the basis of contact zones marked by red bole beds and in
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their absence the chilled fine grained basalt containing amygdules resting on structurally
different basalt say zeolitic or vesicular basalt. The red boles are as thick as few centimetres to 2
metres. The flows are either horizontal or generally dipping towards west. They are weathered,
jointed, fractured vesicular basalt and the vesicles are filled with green earth. The columnar
joints are predominant in basalts. Each flow mainly consists of upper vesicular basalt and a lower
massive unit below which bole beds occur.
Intertrappean Beds: Intertrappean beds are also occurring in the district and they are limited to
a few meters thickness. They are generally clayey or calcareous when met within the wells. They
form good aquifers.
Alluvium: Alluvium is extremely limited in the district and is present along the Godavari, the
Purna, the Dudhna, the Galati, the Dhond and Karpara rivers. They are more than 10 meters in
width and yield appreciable quantities of ground water. However they are broader and of
mappable size at places along the banks of rivers and 1 to 2 kms broad south of Chikhalthana and
western boundary of the district towards Beed.
Water Level Scenario
Central Ground Water Board periodically monitors National Hydrograph Network Stations
(NHNS) stations in the district, four times a year i.e. in January, May (Premonsoon), August and
November (Post monsoon). The data on premonsoon and post monsoon water levels along with
fluctuation during 2011 is given in Table 3.3
Table 3.3: Pre-monsoon and post-monsoon water levels
Sr.no Location Premonsoon WL
(m bgl)
Postmonsoon WL
(m bgl)
Fluctuation (m)
1 Chikhalthana 13.51 6.85 6.66 2 Manwat
8.01 5.9 2.11
3 Gojegaon
6.53 1.6 4.93
4 Singanapur
6.54 5.25 1.29 5 Kerwadi
8.68 4.4 4.28
6 Mankeswar
8.85 5.4 3.45 7 Todkalas
3.55 1.3 2.25
8 Selu
8.49 4.17 4.32 9 Hadgaon (PZ)
Pedgaon2
7.96 6.05 1.91 10 Pedgaon2
Narwadi
6.62 4.55 2.07 11 Narwadi
6.82 4.2 2.62
12 Kausdi
8.61 6.65 1.96
13 Dharmapuri 2
13.01 14.85 -1.84
(Ground Water Information Parbhani District, Maharashtra_1786/Dbr/2013)
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Depth to Water Level – Premonsoon (May-2011)
The depth to water levels in the district during May 2011 ranges between 3.55 (Tadkalas) and
13.51 (Chikhalthana) m bgl. Shallow water levels within the range of 2 to 5 m bgl are seen at
one NHNS i.e. Tadkalas. Water level within 5 to 10 m bgl are seen almost in entire district.
The NHNS located at Gojegaon, Singnapur,Pedgaon, Narwadi, Hadgaon, Manwat, Selu,
Kausdi, Kerwadi, Mankeshwar .are showing this particular range of water level. The water
levels in the range of 10 to 15 mbgl are seen in the form of patches on the district, the NHNS
at in Dhrmapuri2 and Chikhalthana are falling in this range. The Taluka wise extent of depth
to water levels during premonsoon (May 2011) of the district has been depicted in Figure-
3.5.
(Ground Water Information Parbhani District, Maharashtra_1786/Dbr/2013)
Figure 3.7(a): Parbhani district Pre-monsoon DTWL
Depth to Water Level – Post monsoon (Nov-2011)
The depth to water levels during post monsoon (Nov. 2011) ranges between 1.30
(Tadkalas) and 14.85 (Dhrmapuri 2). The NHNS at Tadkalas, Anjanwadi, Gojegaon is
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showing the shallowest depth to water level i.e. less than 2 mbgl. The shallow water
levels within the range of 2-5 m bgl are observed at 7 NHNS i.e. at Kotamwadi,
Babhulgaon, selu, Narwadi, Kerwadi, Pedgaon, Walur. Water level within 5 to 10 m bgl
are observed in the major part of the district. 7 NHNS located at Shingnapur,
Mankeshwar, Jintur, Manwat, Hadgaon, Kausdi, Chikhalthana are showing this particular
range of water level. The water levels in the range of 10 to 20 mbgl are seen in the form
of patch in the central part of the district. The NHNS at Asegaon and Dharmapuri are
falling in this range. The Talukawise spatial variation of the water level in the district in
Postmonsoon (November 2011) period is shown in Figure 3.6
(Ground Water Information Parbhani District, Maharashtra_1786/Dbr/2013)
Figure 3.7(b): Post monsoon in Parbhani district
3.6 Topography
The study area is mostly plains.
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3.7 Land use pattern
Land use is characterized by the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a
certain land cover type to produce, change, or maintain it. Definition of land use in this way
establishes a direct link between land cover and the actions of people in their environment.
"Grassland" is a cover term, while "rangeland" or "tennis court" refer to the use of a grass
cover; and "Recreation area" is a land use term that may be applicable to different land
cover types: for instance sandy surfaces, like a beach; a built-up area like a pleasure park;
woodlands; etc.
3.7.1 Land Cover of the study area
Land cover is the observed (bio) physical cover on the earth's surface. When considering land
cover in a very pure and strict sense, it should be confined to the description of vegetation
and man-made features. Consequently, areas where the surface consists of bare rock or bare
soil are land itself rather than land cover. Also, it is disputable whether water surfaces are
real land cover. However, in practice, the scientific community usually includes these features
within the term land cover.
Land Use/Land cover for 10 km radius from project site of were delineated based on the
Landsat ETM + satellite data; the land use/Land cover classes are categorized based on the
ground trothing and site visit. The land is classified in vegetation, barren land, Built up area
and water body etc. classes, detailed distribution of units showing in the below map, table
and graph.
These images provide the information about the land use pattern of the study area. The
different color represents the settlement or built up land Vegetation (include Agriculture and
forest) area, barren Land and water bodies.
3.8 Seismology
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has prepared a seismic zoning map of India based on tectonic
features and records of past earthquakes. Approx. 59% of the land area of India is liable to
seismic hazard damage. In India, seismic zones are divided into four zones i.e. II, III, IV and V.
Zone – V: Very High Risk Zone
Zone – IV: High Risk Zone
Zone – III: Moderate Risk Zone
Zone – II: Low Risk Zone
The site is located in Zone-II (Least active zone) as per the seismic map given below
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Figure 3.10: Seismic Zone map
3.9 Climatic Condition & Meteorology
Parbhani climate is classified as warm and temperate. The district experience semi-arid climate
with extreme summer.
3.9.1 Methodology
Secondary data from already published literature of National Data Centre of Indian
Meteorological Department, have been utilized to establish the general meteorological pattern.
3.9.2 Average Meteorological Condition (Source: IMD)
The IMD observatory is installed in the compound of the Divisional Engineer's residence,
Parbhani. Surrounding area is flat, open land. Wind instruments are located on a masonry tower;
exposure good. It is at an approx. aerial distance of 25 km towards the North east direction from
the project site. The height of installation is 664 m above MSL and 11 m from ground. The
Project Location
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average of meteorological data of IMD observatory is presented in Table 3.3. The wind rose
diagram of the study period is given as Figure 3.10.
Table 3.3: Average of meteorological data
Month Temperature (°C)
Relative Humidity (%)
Pre-dominant Wind Direction
Mean Wind Speed
(Kmph)
Precipitation (mm)
Monthly total High. Low Max. Min.
January 33.2 9.7 63 38 NE,SW, W, NW 2.2 8.3
February 36.4 12.1 50 29 NE,SW, W, NW 3 3.3
March 40.3 15.7 41 24 NW,W,SW,NE 3.5 14.3
April 43.1 19.9 36 21 NW,W,SW,NE 4.5 6.1
May 44.3 22.7 43 23 NW,W,SW,NE 6.5 20
June 42.3 21.9 69 48 SW,W,NW,NE 7.9 163
July 35.3 21.3 80 65 SW,W,NW,N 6.3 245.6
August 33.9 21.2 83 69 W,SW,NW,NE 5.4 240.1
September 34.8 20.9 81 66 W,SW,NW,N 4 159.7
October 35 15.5 70 53 NE,W,NW,SW 2.7 81.7
November 33 11.9 63 58 NE,E,SE,SW 2.4 15.4
December 31.8 9.6 62 44 NE,E,SE,SW 2 5.3
Annual Total mean
44.4 8.8 62 44 W,SW,NW,NE 4.2 962.8
(IMD climatological normal 1981 - 2010)
3.9.3 Temperature
The summer season from March to May is one with continuous increase in temperatures
which decreases during monsoon, increases slightly during the post monsoon season and
again decreases during the winter. Highest recorded max temp in history was 46.6 °C and
highest recorded minimum temperature was recorded at 4.4°C in the month of January.
3.9.4 Relative Humidity
The climate of the region is characterized by general dryness except during south west
monsoon season. Humidity is usually high during the monsoon months, with average
relative humidity 21-83 %. Humidity decreases gradually during the post monsoon
months and for rest of the year.
3.9.5 Precipitation
The annual rainfall is received during the southwest monsoon season i.e. from June to
October, August being the month with highest rainfall. The total monthly annual rainfall
observed from the IMD data is 962.8 mm (IMD climatological table).
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3.9.6 Wind Speed and Wind Direction
Data obtained from the project site are in agreement with the data of previous years
available from secondary source.
The wind rose diagram reveals that wind was blowing predominantly from West, East and
ENE direction having speed in the range of 2-3 m/s during the monitoring period with
frequency of calm winds. Wind rose graphically shown in Fig 3.9.
Figure 3.11: Wind rose diagram (Annual wind rose)
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3.10 Ambient Air Quality
Samples were collected in the 10 km study area to observe pollution trends throughout the
region. It helps in providing a data base for evaluation of effects of a project activity in that
region. The various sources of air pollution in the present area are nearby industries and
agricultural land.
Methodology
The air quality monitoring study was conducted keeping the following points into
consideration.
Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale; i.e. after considering the pre-dominant wind
direction
Two locations in the upwind direction
Two locations in the downwind direction
Population zone and sensitive receptors
Table 3.4: Methodology for AAQM
Parameter Monitoring Equipment’s
Analytical Method Min. Detectable limit
Technical Protocol
PM10 Fine Dust sampler
IS 5182 (Part 23) :2006, RA-2012
10 µg/m3 Reparable Suspended Particulate Matter (PM 10) gravimetric method
PM2.5 Fine Dust sampler
Guidelines for the measurement of Ambient Air pollutant Vol. I,2011(CPCB Guidelines)
10 µg/m3
Reparable Suspended Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) gravimetric method
NOx Gaseous sampler
IS 5182 (Part VI) : 2006, RA-2012
5 µg/m3 Modified Jacob & Hochheiser (Na- Arsenate) method
SO2 Gaseous sampler
IS 5182 (Part II) : 2001, RA-2012
5 µg/m3 Improved West and Geake method
Sampling location & frequency
Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed during winter period of Oct 2019 to Dec
2019 through a network of 19 ambient air quality stations within an area of 10 km region around
the project site and including the project site. The sampling was done continuously for 24 hours
for SO2, NOx, and PM10 & PM2.5 with a frequency of twice a week for three months (24
observations for one location). The air monitoring locations are shown in Figure 3.11 and Table
3.5 and the results have been shown in Table 3.6
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Table 3.5: Air sampling locations
Sr.No. Village name Distance Direction Wind type Coordinates
1. Project site - - 19°10'25.28"N 76°46'11.86"E
2. Singnapur 3.08 km W DW 19°10'21.45"N 76°44'25.94"E
3. Amdapur 2.12 CW 19° 9'17.39"N, 76°45'51.72"E
4. Ithalapur 1.70 km NE CW 19°11'20.64"N , 76°46'25.52"E
5. Lohagaon 3.56 km SE CW 19° 9'25.33"N , 76°47'55.79"E
6. Sahajpur 3.72 km S CW 19° 8'26.28"N , 76°46'27.90"E
7. Tadapangiri 5.32 km SW CW 19° 8'15.62"N , 76°44'10.52"E
8. Taroda 4.81 km NW CW 19°12'26.13"N , 76°44'27.28"E
9. Sayala 3.56 km NE CW 19°11'48.89"N , 76°47'37.06"E
10. Jawale 3.94 km SE CW 19° 8'17.89"N , 76°46'36.20"E
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Figure 3.12: Air quality sampling location
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Table 3.6: Ambient Air analysis results
Statistical parameter
PM2.5
(µg/m3) PM10
(µg/m3) SO2
(µg/m3) NOx
(µg/m3) CO
mg/m3 Total HC
ppm
A1- Project Site
Minimum 15.1 45.3 9.2 11.8 ND ND
Maximum 22.2 58.3 12.7 16.2 ND ND
Average 18.3 52.3 11.1 14.2 ND ND
98th Percentile 21.3 57.4 12.7 16.1 ND ND
A2- Singnapur
Minimum 14.7 45.3 9.0 12.6 ND ND
Maximum 20.9 55.8 15.0 18.7 ND ND
Average 17.9 50.4 11.2 15.6 ND ND
98th percentile 20.8 55.5 14.3 18.5 ND ND
A3- Amdapur
Minimum 17.0 43.6 9.0 12.6 ND ND
Maximum 22.5 54.9 15.0 18.7 ND ND
Average 19.3 50.0 11.2 15.6 ND ND
98th percentile 22.4 54.6 14.3 18.5 ND ND
A3- Ithalapur
Minimum 15.5 42.2 7.4 11.3 ND ND
Maximum 21.8 58.7 11.3 17.6 ND ND
Average 17.9 50.2 9.3 14.0 ND ND
98th percentile 21.7 58.1 11.3 17.5 ND ND
A4- Lohagaon
Minimum 16.1 39.8 8.6 10.8 ND ND
Maximum 23.6 56.3 12.3 16.1 ND ND
Average 19.3 49.0 10.5 13.1 ND ND
98th percentile 23.1 56.2 12.2 15.8 ND ND
A5- Sahajapur
Minimum 16.1 42.7 6.9 10.2 ND ND
Maximum 20.3 52.5 11.5 15.6 ND ND
Average 18.5 48.6 9.2 12.9 ND ND
98th percentile 20.3 52.5 11.3 15.4 ND ND
A6- Tadpangari
Minimum 15.9 40.7 7.2 9.6 ND ND
Maximum 21.7 54.2 11.7 16.4 ND ND
Average 17.8 45.4 9.4 12.9 ND ND
98th percentile 20.9 51.7 11.4 16.4 ND ND
A7- Taroda
Minimum 15.6 39.5 6.4 9.3 ND ND
Maximum 22.5 52.6 11.0 14.3 ND ND
Average 17.8 45.4 8.8 12.0 ND ND
98th percentile 22.0 51.2 10.9 14.3 ND ND
A8- Sayala
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Minimum 14.2 37.4 6.1 10.5 ND ND
Maximum 18.6 49.0 13.3 16.8 ND ND
Average 16.7 43.5 10.6 14.2 ND ND
98th percentile 18.6 47.9 12.9 16.5 ND ND
A9- Jawale
Minimum 14.7 40.7 7.6 11.4 ND ND
Maximum 20.9 50.7 12.4 15.5 ND ND
Average 18.6 46.4 9.7 13.2 ND ND
98th percentile 20.9 50.2 12.2 15.3 ND ND
NAAQS standards 2009, Ministry of Environment & Forest, Gov. of India
Industrial, Residential and Rural Areas
60 (24 hr.)
100 (24 hr.)
80 (24 hr.)
80 (24 hr.)
4 (1 hr.)
-
Interpretation
Particulate matter emission (PM10& PM2.5): After completion of baseline survey it was found
that all ambient air quality parameters are within the NAAQ standards of Central Pollution
Control Board. At project site found that high percentage of particulate matter as compared to
other monitoring locations as it Is densely populated area and vehicular movement and local
activity are higher compare to other.
SO2 emission: SO2 emission was high at Project site and Singnapur due to flow of vehicles.
NOx emission: NOx values are high at Project site and Singnapur At all monitoring location NOx is
within the NAAQ standards Nitrogen dioxide is a large scale pollutant, with rural background
ground level concentrations in some extent.
3.11 Ambient noise monitoring results
Ambient noise standards are prescribed for residential, commercial and industrial areas
and silence zone vide ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and control) Rules, 2000, notified by
the MoEF&CC on February 14, 2000 and amended thereof. The ambient noise standards
have been stipulated during day time (6 am to 9 pm) and night time (9 pm to 6 am)
keeping in the view the different sensitive and the resultant impacts at community level
during these periods. The ambient noise levels were monitored at selected villages within
the study area during day and night time covering residential, commercial/industrial and
silence zones. Background noise levels were measured at the project site and surrounding
villages by standard- noise- level- meter for 24 hours. Equivalent noise levels during day
(0800-2100 hrs) Ld, night (2100-0700 hrs) Ln and the equivalent noise levels for day &
night, the Ldn values were calculated.
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Site visit and identification of sources of noise
Identifying monitoring locations and conducting noise monitoring
Determining possible impacts of noise on the environment from proposed activities
Suggestions of mitigation measures of noise and to reduce noise of sources exceeding
the allowable limits
The Noise quality monitoring Station presented in Figure 3.11 & observed noise level is
described in Table 3.7.
Table 3.7: Noise level monitoring locations
Sr.No. Village name Distance Direction Coordinates
1. Project site 0.77 km NW 19°10'28.01"N, 76°45'47.05"E
2. Factory Gate - - 19°10'24.28"N, 76°46'13.06"E
3. Amdapur 2.02 km SW 19° 9'21.97"N, 76°45'49.11"E
4. Singnapur 3.07 km W 19°10'21.12"N, 76°44'27.35"E
5. Ithalapur 1.77 km NE 19°11'20.21"N, 76°46'26.36"E
6. Lohagaon 3.49 km SE 19° 9'26.00"N, 76°47'55.08"E
7. Taroda 4.84 km NW 19°12'25.45"N, 76°44'27.37"E
8. Sahajpur 3.64 km S 19° 8'25.71"N, 76°46'27.10"E
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Figure 3.12: Noise sampling locations
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Results
The results of all eight noise monitoring stations are summarized in the below Table 3.8.
Table 3.8: Results of noise monitoring
Station codes
Location Equivalent noise level, Leq in dB (A)
CPCB permissible limits
Day Time Night Time Day Time Night Time
N1 Project site 62.8 61.2 75 70
N2 Factory Gate 65.7 61.8 75 70
N3 Amdapur 48.2 44.1 55 45
N4 Singnapur 49.2 41.3 55 45
N5 Ithalapur 46.1 40.8 55 45
N6 Lohagaon 44.5 40.1 55 45
N7 Taroda 50.1 41.4 55 45
N8 Sahajpur 47.4 39.8 55 45
Interpretation
The above results are within the CPCB Standards. The minimum noise level 39.8 dB (A) and
the maximum noise level 50.1 dB (A) were observed in rural residential area. The relative
high values of noise recorded in factory premises i.e. 65.7 dB (A).
3.12 Water Quality
The surface and ground water quality of the project area may get affected due to various
factors like sediment and natural organic materials, Nutrients, Bacteria, Toxic substances.
These contaminants can contribute to water by either point or non-point sources. Point
sources contribute contaminants at a discrete site, such as the outflow from a pipe, ditch,
well, leakages in storage lagoon, storage of solid waste etc. These sources can be
controlled to by treatment at or before the point of discharge. Non-point sources include
the atmosphere, agricultural areas, golf courses, residential developments, roads, parking
lots, and contributions from groundwater along lengthy reaches of streams.
Assessment of baseline data on water environment (surface and ground) includes
Identification of surface water sources
Identification of ground water sources
Collection of water samples
Analyzing water samples for physio-chemical and biological parameters
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Methodology
Assessment of water quality in the study area includes the water quality testing and
assessment as per the Indian standard IS 10500:2012 (drinking water standard).
3.12.1 Surface Water
Sampling location & frequency
Surface water samples were collected from two different locations within the study area as
shown in Table 3.9 and Figure 3.13 once in December 2019.
Table 3.9: Surface water sampling locations
Stations Location Dist. km Dire. Geo Coordinates Type
SW1 Lake adjacent to
Factory
0.22 SE 19°10'21.39"N , 76°46'16.71"E Lake
SW2 Canal near Factory 1.15 km SW 19°10'16.76"N , 76°45'32.81"E Canal
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Figure 3.14: Water sampling location
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Results
Surface water quality analysis report
The result of the surface water monitoring station is summarized below
Table 3.10 Surface water analysis
Sr.No. Parameters SW1 SW2 Unit IS 10500:2012
Chemical Potability Unit
1. pH at 25 oC 7.27 7.09 - 6.50 to 8.50
2. Electrical Conductivity at 25 oC 26.1 26.0 µS/cm N.S.
3. Turbidity 242.0 282.0 NTU ≤ 1
4. Total Dissolved Solids <1 <1 mg/l ≤ 500
5. Total Solids 157.0 184.0 mg/l N.S.
6. Acidity as CaCO3 158 186 mg/l N.S.
7. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 <5 <5 mg/l ≤ 200
8. Total Hardness as CaCO3 88 92.0 mg/l ≤ 200
9. Calcium as Ca 90.07 95.07 mg/l ≤ 75
10. Magnesium as Mg 14.42 18.43 mg/l ≤ 30
11. Chloride as Cl- 13.12 11.91 mg/l ≤ 250
12. Sulphates as SO4 24.63 15.27 mg/l ≤ 200
13. Nitrate as NO3 20.0 11.95 mg/l ≤ 45
14. Ammonical Nitrogen as NH4-N 6.94 7.65 mg/l N.S.
15. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen as NH3-N <0.1 <0.1 mg/l N.S.
16. salinity <1 <1 ppt N.S.
17. Fluoride as F 0.044 0.027 mg/l ≤ 1.0
18. Total Phosphorous <0.1 <0.1 mg/l N.S.
19. Silica as SiO3 <1 <1 mg/l N.S.
20. Sodium as Na 1.43 2.54 mg/l N.S.
21. Potassium as K 03 09 mg/l N.S.
22. Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr6+) 01 03 mg/l N.S.
23. Iron (as Fe) <0.02 <0.02 mg/l ≤ 0.3
24. Copper (as Cu) <0.05 <0.05 mg/l ≤ 0.05
25. Nickel <0.04 <0.04 mg/l ≤ 0.01
26. Zinc as Zn <0.01 <0.01 mg/l ≤ 5
27. Manganese <0.05 <0.05 mg/l ≤ 0.1
28. Chromium <0.1 <0.1 mg/l ≤ 0.05
29. Lead <0.03 <0.03 mg/l ≤ 0.01
30. cadmium <0.01 <0.01 mg/l ≤ 0.003
31. Phenol <0.003 <0.003 mg/l ≤ 0.001
32. Biochemical Oxygen Demand <0.001 <0.001 mg/l N.S
33. Chemical Oxygen Demand <1 <1 mg/l N.S
34. Dissolved Oxygen <5 <5 Mg/l N.S
35. Boron 4.8 5.3 Mg/l ≤ 0.5
1. Total Coliforms <0.5 <0.5 MPN/100 ml Absent
2. Fecal coliform 125 110 MPN/100 ml Absent
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Inference
The pH were observed to be in the range of (7.0- 7.2). Total dissolved solids, total hardness and
alkalinity was found to be within the permissible limit. The above chemical analysis reveals that
water from lake water and canal contain total coliforms and fecal coliform hence is not suitable
for not drinking purpose. Rest all the constituents are within the permissible limits prescribed for
drinking water standards promulgated by Indian Standards (10500: 2012).
3.12.2 Ground water sampling location & frequency
Ground water samples were collected from nine different locations within the study area as
shown in Table 3.11 and Figure 3.13 in Dec 2019.
Table 3.11 Ground water sampling location
Sampling Stations
Location Dire. Aerial distance (km)
Geographical coordinates Sample source
GW 1 Near Project Site, Amdapur
NE 0.39 19°10'38.13"N / 76°46'16.33"E Dug well
GW 2 Amdapur SW 2.20 19° 9'17.39"N / 76°45'51.72"E Bore well
GW 3 Ithalapur NE 1.64 19°11'18.33"N / 76°46'26.78"E Bore well
GW 4 Singnapur W 3.05 19°10'16.79"N / 76°44'27.06"E Bore well
GW 5 Lohagaon SE 3.45 19° 9'29.17"N / 76°47'52.74"E Dug well
GW 6 Sayala NE 3.76 19°11'54.77"N / 76°47'41.25"E Bore well
GW 7 Jawala S 4.02 19° 8'17.40"N / 76°46'36.95"E Bore well
GW 8 Taroda NW 4.89 19°12'22.80"N / 76°44'17.18"E Dug well
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Table 3.12: Results of ground water sampling Parameters Unit IS 10500:2012 GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8
pH at 25 oC - 6.50 to 8.50 7.08 7.39 7.29 7.12 7.54 7.19 7.31 7.63
Electrical Conductivity 25oC µS/cm N.S. 358 702.1 737.0 767.4 603.1 488.0 802.4 490.0
Turbidity NTU ≤ 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1
Total Dissolved Solids mg/l ≤ 500 252.0 445.0 464.0 495 370.0 324 494 349.0
Total Solids mg/l N.S. 254 447.0 466.0 434 373 325 432 352.0
Total Suspended Solids mg/l N.S < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5
Acidity as CaCO3 mg/l N.S. < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5
Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l ≤ 200 104 128.0 132 140.0 130.0 112.0 145.0 115.0
Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l ≤ 200 113.09 170.13 175.14 180.14 174.13 116.09 195.15 130.10
Calcium as Ca mg/l ≤ 75 22.44 36.87 40.08 50.1 50.1 16.83 47.69 25.65
Magnesium as Mg mg/l ≤ 30 13.85 18.96 18.23 13.37 11.91 17.98 18.47 16.04
Chloride as Cl- mg/l ≤ 250 25.62 35.47 52.23 40.4 32.02 39.42 58.14 30.55
Sulphates as SO4 mg/l ≤ 200 23.47 45.0 47.93 55.43 35.0 30.97 48.04 29.45
Nitrate as NO3 mg/l ≤ 45 7.30 10.15 10.68 11.93 8.01 5.69 12.82 7.48
Ammonical Nitrogen as NH4-N mg/l N.S. < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen NH3-N mg/l N.S. < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1
Salinity ppt N.S. 0.046 0.064 0.094 0.072 0.057 0.071 0.10 0.055
Fluoride as F mg/l ≤ 1.0 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.01
Total Phosphorous mg/l N.S. < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1
Silica as SiO3 mg/l N.S. 2.23 9.36 10.81 10.27 2.15 2.15 13.60 2.07
Sodium as Na mg/l N.S. 14.0 18 24 22 11 29 26.0 17
Potassium as K mg/l N.S. 4.0 01 3.0 02 02 03 2.0 01
Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) mg/l N.S. < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02
Iron (as Fe) mg/l ≤ 0.3 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05
Copper (as Cu) mg/l ≤ 0.05 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04 < 0.04
Nickel mg/l ≤ 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
Zinc as Zn mg/l ≤ 5 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05
Manganese mg/l ≤ 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1
Chromium mg/l ≤ 0.05 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03
Lead mg/l ≤ 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
Cadmium mg/l ≤ 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003
Phenol mg/l ≤ 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Total Coliforms MPN/100 ml Absent < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2
Faecal coliform MPN/100 ml Absent < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2
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Results The results of all 8 ground water monitoring stations are summarized in the above Table 3.12.
Inference
Total dissolved solids at all sampling location GW1-GW8 is found in the range of 252-
495 mg/l.
Total alkalinity is in the range of 104-145 mg/l.
Heavy metals are not detected in all the samples.
3.13 Soil Environment
Soil is the unconsolidated material on the earth surface that serves as a natural medium for
plant growth. Medium black and deep black soil is observed in the project area.
Methodology
Site visit and collection of soil sample
Manual sample collection using hammer and container bags for collecting undisturbed
top soil.
Sample was taken from the surface to plough depth 0-22 cm
Recently fertilized, old bunds, marshy spots, near trees, compost heaps and farm sheds
etc. these locations are avoided at the time of sampling.
Each Sample collected was a uniformly thick 2 cm slice of soil from the exposed soil face
V in shaped hole.
Sampling location & frequency
Soil samples were collected from eight different locations within the study area as shown in
Table 3.13 and Figure 3.14 in Dec 2019.
Table 3.13: Soil sampling locations
Stations Location Distance Direction Geographical coordinates
S1 Project Site - - 19°10'29.14"N / 76°45'45.41"E
S2 Singnapur 2.26 km SW 19°10'12.17"N / 76°44'29.69"E
S3 Amdapur 2.04 km SW 19° 9'23.26"N / 76°45'49.79"E
S4 Lohagaon 4.22 km SE 19° 9'27.27"N / 76°47'54.45"E
S5 Jawala 4.59 km SE 19° 8'10.34"N / 76°46'43.87"E
S6 Taroda 4.37 km NW 19°12'25.02"N / 76°44'18.45"E
S7 Sayala 3.94 km NE 19°11'50.16"N / 76°47'29.90"E
S8 Ithalapur 1.83 km NE 19°11'21.19"N / 76°46'18.01"E
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Figure 3.15: Soil sampling location
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Results
The results of all eight soil monitoring stations are summarized in the below Table 3.14.
Table 3.14: Results of soil sampling
Characteristics Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
Texture - Clay Loam
Clay Loam
Clay Loam
Clay Loam
Sandy loam
Sandy loam
Silty loam
Clay Loam
Percentage of different components
Sand Silt Clay
% % %
27 33 40
25 37 38
30 35 35
33 28 39
25 30 45
32 35 33
28 35 37
32 25 33
Soil Moisture % 6.18 7.13 8.02 7.55 6.74 7.54 9.23 9.02
Bulk Density g/cm2 1.37 1.14 1.27 1.54 1.32 1.28 1.24 1..29
Water Holding Capacity
% 39.4 36.3 37.1 35.2 34.7 35.9 36.9 37.6
pH -- 8.02 8.13 7.98 8.23 8.33 8.15 8.20 8.27
Conductivity µs/cm 712.8 1013.2 941.6 989.4 868.3 1090.8 1500.8 1326.3
Organic Carbon % 0.42 0.30 0.36 0.46 0.54 0.50 0.38 0.52
Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 128.4 137.6 145.5 133.3 117.2 121.5 141.6 139.4
Magnesium (as Mg)
mg/kg 60.2 44.3 55.1 40.1 38.7 41.6 50.2 48.6
Available Nitrogen kg/ha 120.1 112.5 115.7 128.4 136.5 126.9 126.4 113.2
Phosphorous (as P)
kg/ha 18.7 22.2 25.2 16.9 20.2 23.2 18.1 16.5
Potassium (as K) kg/ha 200.4 198.3 187.5 191.5 104.2 189.8 178.5 164.7
Iron (as Fe) mg/kg 4.23 5.02 3.18 2.72 4.97 3.10 5.10 4.12
Zinc (as Zn) mg/kg 0.54 0.68 0.72 0.46 0.70 0.55 0.43 0.39
Copper (as Cu) mg/kg 0.53 0.47 0.39 0.60 0.50 0.38 0.25 0.42
Sodium mg/kg 45.3 42.4 40.8 38.1 39.6 41.7 43.2 44.2
Manganese (as Mn)
mg/kg 0.59 0.72 0.83 0.64 0.45 0.39 0.60 0.55
Total Chromium (as Cr)
mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Nickel (as Ni) mg/kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Lead (as Pb) mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Sodium Adsorption Ratio
- 4.66. 4.44 4.07 4.09 4.48 4.61 4.41 4.56
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Inference
All the samples having pH in range of 7.5 to 8.0
Conductivity of the samples is I n between 712.8 to 1500.8 mho/cm.
NPK concentration in all the soil samples are in the range of 112.5 to 136, 16.5 to 25.2,
104.2 to 200.4 kg/ha respectively.
Heavy metals like Copper, Cadmium, Lead, Boron, Chromium, Manganese, and
Molybdenum are not detected in all the samples.
Overall it is observed that the soils of the region are good for agriculture.
3.14 Traffic Survey
Traffic survey has been conducted for peak and non-peak hours Amdapur village road near to
sugar factory. Monitoring was performed in Dec 2019 to predict the future traffic growth
and the load on the plant road and surroundings due to the proposed project.
Table 3.15: Traffic Scenario- existing sugar project in crushing season
Time Type of Vehicle Total Vehicle Cycle, motor
cycle or scooter Passenger car, tempo, Cars, auto rickshaw
Agri. Tractor/ Truck
Bullock cart
Peak Hours
9.00 -10.0 am 35 15 85 37 172
10.00-11.0 am 35 10 71 35 151
4.00 -5.0 pm 27 17 82 32 158
5.00 - 6.00 pm 41 14 46 15 116
2.00-3.00 pm 24 7 12 10 53
8.00–9.00 pm 20 5 10 7 42
Table 3.16: Expected Traffic Scenario- due to proposed Project
Time Type of Vehicle Total Vehicle
Cycle, motor cycle / scooter
Passenger car, tempo, Cars, auto rickshaw or
agricultural tractor
Agricultural Tractor/ Truck/ Dempo/ Tanker
Peak Hours
9.00 -10.00 am 50 35 35 275
10.00-11.00 am 44 40 35 205
4.00-5.00 pm 40 35 35 163
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3.15 Ecology Biodiversity
3.15.1 Flora
The floral and faunal studies were conducted in the month of Dec 2019 for the entire
project area covering 10 km radial distance from the project site.
Methodology
Site visit to study the floral and faunal communities within the study area.
The methodology adopted for faunal survey involves random survey, diurnal bird
observation, active search for reptiles and review of previous studies.
Preparation of Checklist of plant species observed in the area and referring this checklist
during site visit
Visual assessment of the diversity pattern of the floral species.
Observation for endemic species, threatened species, if any present in the study area.
Terrestrial Ecology - Phytosociological Studies
For the vegetation study, stratified quadrat sampling method is applied in the project area. The vegetation sampling was carried out at 12 different locations. And each location 3 to 4 quadrat of size 10 X 10 m was taken. The qualitative and Quantitative information such as species richness and diversity, abundance and density and diversity indices were obtained
References used to identify the representative spectrum of threatened species, population and ecological communities listed by Indian wild Life Protection Act, 1972, ENVIS Database, IUCN Database, Red Data Book. The status of individual species was assessed using the revised IUCN/SSC category system.
Field reference book namely Common Indian Wild Flower by Issac Kehimkar, Flowers and Further Flowers of Sahyadri by Shrikant Ingalhalikar, Flowers of India (http://www.flowersofindia.net ) and Birds of Indian Subcontinent by Richard Grimmett are used for the identification of flora and birds.
Monitoring location & frequency
The baseline study, for the evaluation of the floral and faunal biodiversity of the study
area, within 10 km radius from the proposed project has been conducted during Dec
2019.
Observations during site visit
Biogeographic zone of this district falls under the Deccan Peninsula Zone. No Wildlife
Sanctuaries or National parks areas exist in 10 km radius of the proposed area.
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Based on the survey conducted and during monitoring no any endangered or threatened
as per the IUCN Red list have been observed. Tree species name recorded during the site
visit and while interacting with local people which are presented in Table 3.17.
Table 3.17: Phytosociological Studies of the Project Area (10 km)
SI Species name Freq Class Freq Den Abund IVI
1 Acacia nilotica (L) Willd. C 44 0.44 1 19.01
2 Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC. D 68 0.68 1 32.59
3 Azadirachta indica Linn. D 64 0.64 1.1 48.56
4 Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. B 36 0.36 1.2 14.66
5 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre B 36 0.36 1 12.91
6 Mangifera indica L. B 24 0.24 1 20.31
7 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. B 24 0.24 1 17.24
8 Ficus religiosa L. A 12 0.12 1 10.89
9 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. B 24 0.24 1 9.08
10 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. A 20 0.2 1.2 7.68
11 Butea monosperma L. B 24 0.24 1 8.62
12 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. A 16 0.16 1 5.88
13 Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth. A 20 0.2 1 6.97
14 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels B 36 0.36 1 15.11
15 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br A 8 0.08 1 4.69
16 Eucalyptus globulus Labill. A 8 0.08 1 3.40
17 Tamarindus indica L. B 24 0.24 1 18.46
18 Ficus racemosa L. A 12 0.12 1.3 5.19
19 Vitex negundo L. A 8 0.08 1.5 3.52
20 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. A 8 0.08 1.0 3.32
21 Cocos nucifera L. A 8 0.08 1.0 4.24
22 Delonix regia (Hook.) Ref. A 20 0.2 1.0 8.19
23 Ficus benghalensis L. A 12 0.12 1.0 6.45
24 Tectona grandis L.f. A 8 0.08 1.0 3.75
25 Ziziphus jujuba L. B 24 0.24 1.2 9.25
The phytosociology study are shows 25 species. The most abundant species is Prosopis juliflora
(SW.) DC. And Azadirachta indica Linn. Shows the 68 % & 64 frequency respectively in the study
area and listed under the frequency class D. Next frequent or abundant species is Acacia nilotica
(L) Willd. having 44 % frequency and categorized under class C, while the others are class A & B
having the frequency between 8 to 36 % .
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Importance Value Index (IVI)
The IVI is describing the importance of the analyzed species. The results displayed in Table 3.18shows
that Azadirachta indica Linn.is the most important tree species. Since it is mostly found in plant the
study area, their relative basal area dominance is leading to an overall high importance. Second most
important tree species is Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC. Further more important tree species are Acacia
nilotica (L) Willd., Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Mangifera indica L.,
Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and Tamarindus indica L.
Diversity Index:
Normally, the Shannon index range between 1.5 to 3.5 and rarely goes to 4.5. On the other hand
Simpson’s Index ranges from 0 to 1 wherein values near 0 indicates fewer species and higher
abundance while values closer to 1 indicates many species with low abundances. In the study
area the Simpson’s Index (D) is 0.05 whereas Shanon Index (H) is 2.22.
Since, it is concluded that the Simpson Index is close to value zero, It indicates that more species
& low abundance of species.
3.15.1.1 Farm lands Vegetation
Sorghum, Redgram, Bengalgram, Soyabean, Black gram, Kapus, Greengram, Sugarcane, Sun
flower, Kardai/ Saffflower, Wheat are the major crops of the district. Onion, Tomato,
Mango, Brinjal, Tamarind, Ginger etc. are horticultural crops.
3.15.2 Faunal Studies
Faunal studies were restricted to major groups such as reptiles, birds, and mammals. For
preparation of the checklist of fauna of the project area, direct sightings during various
baseline studies, discussion with local communities regarding presence or absence of
species and literature studies were taken into consideration. The areas reported for the
presence of the species were visited during the day as well as night. Apart from the direct
sightings of the animals during visits, indirect signs such as dry skin, pugmarks, calls, and
droppings were also considered as an indicator for the presence of the species. Field
reference book namely ‘Birds of Indian Subcontinent’ by Richard Grimmett.
Fauna observed in the study area are domestic animals, reptiles and birds. No any rare,
threatened, and endangered species are found in the study area. The list of major fauna
species observed in the study area are given in below table.
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Table 3.18: Faunal species observed during field visit
A. Mammals: The checklists of mammals, which are present in the study area, are enumerated in the table below.
Table 3.18: Checklist of Prominent Mammals in the Study Area
Sr. No
Scientific Name Common Name IWPA Status IUCN Status
Family: Sciuridae (Squirrels)
1 Funambulus paimarum (Linnaeus, 1766) Indian Palm Squirrel LC
Family: Muridae
2 Mus booduga (Gray, 1837) Little Indian Field Mouse
Schedule V LC
3 Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 House Mouse Schedule V LC
Family: Hystricidae (Old world porcupines)
LC
4 Hystrix indica Kerr, 1792 Indian Crested Porcupine
Schedule IV LC
Family: Leporidae (Hares and Rabbits) LC
5 Lepus nigricollis F. Cuvier, 1823 Indian Hare Schedule IV LC
Family: Herpestidae (Mongooses) LC
6 Herpestes edwardsii (t.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818)
Grey Mongoose Schedule IV LC
Table 3.19: Check List of Birds recorded in the Study Area during study period (Primary Survey List)
Sr. No.
Scientific Name Common Name IWPA Status IUCN Status
Family - Phalacrocoracidae
1 Phalacrocorax niger (Vieillot, 1817) Little Cormorant Schedule IV LC
Family - Ardeidae
2 Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766) Little Egret Schedule IV LC
3 Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus, 1758) Large Egret Schedule IV -
4 Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) Cattle Egret Schedule IV LC
5 Ardeola grayii (Sykes, 1832) Indian Pond-Heron Schedule IV LC
Family - Accipitridae
6 Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) Black Kite Schedule IV LC
Family - Phasianidae
7 Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Quail Schedule IV LC
Family - Rallidae
8 Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant, 1769)
White-breasted Waterhen
Schedule IV -
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9 Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) Common Moorhen
Schedule IV LC
Family - Charadriidae
10 Vanellus indicus (Boddaert, 1783) Red-wattled Lapwing
Schedule IV -
Family - Columbidae
11 Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 Blue Rock Pigeon Schedule IV LC
12 Streptopelia senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766)
Little Brown Dove Schedule IV -
Family - Psittacidae
13 Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) Rose-ringed Parakeet
Schedule IV LC
Family - Cuculidae
14 Centropus sinensis (Stephens, 1815) Greater Coucal Schedule IV LC
Family - Apodidae
15 Cypsiurus balasiensis (J.E. Gray, 1829) Asian Palm-Swift Schedule IV LC
16 Apus affinis (J.E. Gray, 1830) House Swift Schedule IV LC
Family - Alcedinidae
17 Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758) White-breasted Kingfisher
Schedule IV -
Family - Meropidae
18 Merops orientalis Latham, 1801 Small Bee-eater Schedule IV LC
Family - Upupidae
19 Upupa epops Linnaeus, 1758 Common Hoopoe Schedule IV LC
Family - Hirundinidae
20 Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758 Common Swallow - LC
21 Hirundo tahitica Gmelin, 1789 House Swallow - LC
22 Hirundo daurica Linnaeus, 1771 Red-rumped Swallow
- LC
Family - Pycnonotidae
23 Pycnonotus cafer (Linnaeus, 1766) Red-vented Bulbul Schedule IV LC
Family - Laniidae
24 Lanius vittatus Valenciennes, 1826 Bay-backed Shrike - LC
Family - Muscicapidae Subfamily - Turdinae
25 Saxicoloides fulicata (Linnaeus, 1776) Indian Robin Schedule IV -
26 Copsychus saularis (Linnaeus, 1758) Oriental Magpie-Robin
- -
Family - Muscicapidae Subfamily - Timaliinae
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27 Turdoides malcolmi (Sykes, 1832) Large Grey Babbler
Schedule IV LC
Family - Nectariniidae
28 Nectarinia minima (Sykes, 1832) Small Sunbird Schedule IV LC
29 Nectarinia asiatica (Latham, 1790) Purple Sunbird Schedule IV LC
Family - Passeridae Subfamily - Passerinae
30 Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) House Sparrow - LC
Family - Passeridae Subfamily - Ploceinae
31 Ploceus philippinus (Linnaeus, 1766) Baya Weaver Schedule IV LC
Family - Sturnidae
32 Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus, 1766) Common Myna Schedule IV LC
Family - Dicruridae
33 Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot, 1817 Black Drongo Schedule IV LC
Family - Corvidae
34 Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817 House Crow Schedule V LC
Conclusion: As per the ecological studies conducted it can be seen that the study area shows extreme species
diversity. No endangered species of flora is reported in the study area.
Azadirachta indica Linn.is the most important tree species.. Second most important tree species is
Prosopis juliflora (SW.) DC. Further more important tree species are Acacia nilotica (L) Willd., Acacia
catechu (L.f.) Willd. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Mangifera indica L., Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.)
Willd., Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and Tamarindus indica L.
Animals, which are found within the project area and categorized under schedule I to Schedule IV
of Wild Life Protection Act 1972 & subsequent amendment respectively are strictly protected
and there is a complete ban for their exploitation for any purpose. Care should be taken not to
disturb their habitats. In addition, most of them have wide habitat ranges, and therefore the
impacts envisaged would be minimal.
The majority of bird species found would be least impacted because their habitat requirements
are too general and will be met easily from the adjoining areas.
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3.16 Socio-economic Environment
This discusses the baseline scenario of the socio-economic environment in the study area.
The issues under focus in this topic are demographic pattern, economic activity, education
and literacy profile, etc. The assessment attempts to predict and evaluate the future
impacts of the proposed project on socio-economic environment.
Field survey and observations Field survey and observations were made at sampling village of that region is studied. The
census data is collected from census department. A thoughtful questionnaire is prepared
and during survey the questions were asked to the respondents and given information is
recorded. Observations recorded during survey in the study area
Majority of the respondents are engaged in cultivation activity while near about 50% of the
population are engaged in agricultural and its allied activities.
The main crop grown in the study area is Sorghum, Redgram, Bengalgram,
Greengram, Sugarcane, cotton, vegetables.
Sanitation facilities are satisfactory in the study area. There are open drains from
where the domestic waste water is disposed.
Power supply facility is available in almost villages and town in the study area mostly
for domestic purpose.
Drinking water sources is mostly from wells and hand pump. As regard to the drinking
water facility
Medical facilities in terms of primary health center and primary health sub centers in
the rural areas are good.
Transportation facility is seen very satisfactory in the study area because the road
conditions are very good and satisfactory.
Almost all the people use Kerosene, LPG as a main source of fuel and few people use
wood for cooking purpose
Sufficient communication facility are available in the study area
Educational facilities are available in the form of primary and middle schools. In some
villages, it is extended up to high school. For higher studies people avail the facility
from the nearest town
Houses of the region are mostly puccha house
Some people are aware with the existing factory working and proposed project.
Awareness among the majority of people regarding proposed distillery is poor.
After informing them for the project, majority of people were welcome the Industry
development/expansion in the form of distillery, except industry shall not do water
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and air pollution.
3.16.1 Demography of the Taluka
Parbhani Taluka of Parbhani district has total population of 537,810 as per the Census 2011. Out
of which 275,285 are males while 262,525 are females. In 2011 there were total 101,500 families
residing in Parbhani Taluka. The Average Sex Ratio of Parbhani Taluka is 954.
As per Census 2011 out of total population, 57.1% people lives in Urban areas while 42.9% lives
in the Rural areas. The average literacy rate in urban areas is 81.6% while that in the rural areas is
70.8%. Also the Sex Ratio of Urban areas in Parbhani Taluka is 962 while that of Rural areas is
942.
The population of Children of age 0-6 years in Parbhani Taluka is 73578 which is 14% of the total
population. There are 38732 male children and 34846 female children between the age 0-6
years. Thus as per the Census 2011 the Child Sex Ratio of Parbhani Taluka is 900 which is less
than Average Sex Ratio ( 954 ) of Parbhani Taluka.
The total literacy rate of Parbhani Taluka is 77.02%. The male literacy rate is 72.7% and the
female literacy rate is 59.97% in Parbhani Taluka.
Table 3.20: Demography of the Taluka
Total Population 537,810
Sex Ratio 954
Literacy (%) 77.02
Table 3.21: Village’s wise demography at a glance within 10 km Study Area
Sr. No.
Village Name No. of House holds
Population (in Numbers) Total Workers (Main +
Marginal) Total Male Female
Scheduled Castes
Scheduled Tribes
Literate
1 Parbhani 361130 1836086
942870
893216 247308 40514 1157814 822797
2 Nagapur 166 613 328 285 291 0 397 321
3 Narsapur tarf Parbhani
233 1343 684 659 178 0 812 530
4 Ujalamba 149 730 378 352 92 0 441 416
5 Bramhapuri tarf Lohgaon
95 467 231 236 14 0 319 250
6 Borwand Kh. 309 1607 819 788 232 0 991 928
7 Borwand Bk. 429 2251 1160 1091 304 4 1284 1224
8 Singnapur 906 5016 2555 2461 360 14 2910 2340
9 Kuotamwadi 276 1404 706 698 71 155 799 614
10 Pokharni 830 4481 2250 2231 674 12 2761 2170
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Sr. No.
Village Name No. of House holds
Population (in Numbers) Total Workers (Main +
Marginal)
11 Ambe takli 298 1646 857 789 11 0 949 982
12 Kailaswadi 110 597 302 295 76 192 308 270
13 Dhondi 198 948 505 443 96 0 703 555
14 Tadpangari 301 1610 841 769 155 25 1032 832
15 Dampuri 259 1420 735 685 192 8 884 752
16 Sirsi Kh. 142 712 384 328 65 233 455 437
17 Sirsi Bk. 191 916 478 438 199 0 559 517
18 Ithalapur Mali
64 304 158 146 6 10 186 172
19 Dastapur 266 1296 657 639 94 3 774 804
20 Jawala 129 658 332 326 75 0 485 399
21 Sahajpur 98 512 259 253 65 10 333 283
22 Amadapur 348 1590 825 765 378 4 910 843
23 Lohagaon 780 4406 2328 2078 404 265 2681 1889
24 Zadgaon 256 1403 692 711 277 0 865 814
25 Pathra 254 1325 677 648 37 0 813 744
26 Tadlimbla 388 2016 1071 945 250 0 1220 1010
27 Paralgavhan 199 1072 558 514 206 4 680 510
28 Sayala 276 1465 752 713 20 0 961 796
29 Takalgavhan 227 1266 656 610 332 18 772 568
30 Ithalapur Deshmukh
317 1670 859 811 398 0 979 746
31 Balsa Kh. 203 1314 711 603 184 12 931 435
32 Sendra 364 1526 792 734 461 0 923 748
33 Raipur 267 1442 765 677 435 87 949 617
34 Taroda 556 2886 1464 1422 234 1 1593 1496
35 Porwad 321 1747 882 865 113 0 1163 867
36 Thola 237 1348 707 641 273 2 800 759
37 Pandhari 103 649 332 317 75 8 409 371
38 Bramhangaon 583 3004 1582 1422 641 10 1852 1576
39 Malsonna 494 2014 1019 995 229 9 1173 1153 (Source: http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census )
Cultural and aesthetic attributes: Villagers celebrate Dasara, Diwali, Ganpati and village yatras
etc. Proposed project will not be disturbed any cultural and aesthetic environment in study area.
Infrastructure resource base: The infrastructure resources base of the study area with reference
to education, medical facility, water supply, post and telegraph, transportation and
communication facility and power supply etc are available in the area.
Education: Parbhani have public and private schools and colleges for higher secondary
education.
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Drinking Water: The water supply in the region is mostly through wells and hand pumps. For
drinking purpose people are using only ground water supply, but very few hand pumps are
available for drinking water.
Communication and Transportation: Transportation is to the satisfactory level in the villages.
Bus service is available in all most all villages. The roads condition is good and also properly
maintained. Most of the villages in the study area have the communication facility i.e. post office
at village. Private telephone connections in most of the villages.
Power Supply: Almost all villages are electrified in the region and electricity is available for
domestic purpose in all the villages while power supply used for agricultural purpose is rare.
Medical/Primary Health Care: Medical facilities in terms of; primary health center and primary
health sub centers are adding medical facility in the villages. Primary Health Centre in the study
area is available in the villages & primary health sub centers are also available in most of the
village. Community Health worker & doctors visit villages periodically & provide health facilities
to the people. Vaccination & health camps are also organized by PHC to aware the people about
family planning, hygiene, & health care.
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Figure 3.16 : Photographs during bassline data collection
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CHAPTER IV: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT IMPACT
AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Identification of the Impact
Environmental Impact is the alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new
environmental conditions, it may be adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action
or set of actions under consideration. Both the beneficial (positive) and adverse (negative)
impacts on various components of environment due to proposed Project are identified,
based on the nature of the various activities associated with the proposed project
operations. Environment impact analysis gives an indication of ways to consider modeling
the project to mitigate adverse impacts through best practicable environmental option or
alternate processes.
Based on the present environmental scenario and baseline data, an exercise has been done
to identify and evaluate the impact on the environment of the study area due to the
proposed project.
The proposed project may influence the environment of the area in two phases:
Phase I: During the Construction period, the impact may be temporary or short term
Phase II: During the Operation Phase which may have long term effects.
Phase I: During construction
The construction phase of the project is expected to last for about one year. Hence, all
construction impacts on the environment can be considered short term as compared to
the operational impacts. During construction stage, excavation, material storage and
movement, vehicular movement, mixing operation etc. will generate fugitive dust
pollution and vehicular emissions at the project site. However, by taking appropriate
measures as described in EMP, such impacts will be minimized.
The following activities among others are likely to contribute towards impacts on the
surroundings during construction phase:
Site preparation and development
Civil construction work
Vehicular movement
Loading and unloading civil items and plant machineries
On site storage of civil items & plant machineries.
Erection of plant and civil structures
Maintenance of construction machinery
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Disposal of solid wastes
Accommodation for construction workers.
Phase II: During operation
The important activities contributing to environmental impacts are as follows:
Fuel bagasse, biogas & other raw material consumption
Handling of Molasses (to be used as raw material)
Storage and transportation of raw material and Alcohol
Fermentation and distillation process
Solid Waste like Ash, yeast sludge generation (Solid and hazardous waste):
handling, storage and disposal
Air emission through stack and Material handling, transport and storage its
control
Spent wash generation and its disposal
Impact criteria will be
Type of Impact Criteria
Adverse Effects on biota health
Effects on rare or endangered species
Reductions in species diversity
Habitat loss
Transformation of natural landscapes
Effects on human health
Effects on current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by aboriginal persons; and
Foreclosure of future resource use or production
Significant Extensive over space or time
intensive in concentration or proportion to assimilative capacity
Exceed environmental standards or thresholds
Not comply with environmental policies, land use plans, sustainability strategy
Seriously affect ecologically sensitive areas
Seriously affect heritage resources, other land uses, community lifestyle and/or indigenous peoples traditions and values
Likelihood Probability of occurrence
Scientific uncertainty
Negligible Impacts It signifies that the actions have some effect, but it will not cause any harmful quantifiable damage or benefit to the environmental
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parameters concerned.
Moderate Impacts The activities and their environmental impacts are to be slightly potential significant or significant but for short term
(TGM Distillery Industry by IL &FS)
4.1.3 Environmental parameters to be consider
Below mentioned environmental parameters are considered while identifying the impact.
Environmental impacts due to project location
Disruption of Surface and Groundwater, rehabilitation, land use, ecological sensitive area
other sensitive receptor (highway, airport, habitation, Archeological site), Air/Odor Environment
Sources, ambient air quality, emission control, environment and health effects
Water Environment
Sources, water & wastewater quality, environment, and health effects
Noise Environment
Sources, control measures, environment and health effects
Soil/ Land Environment
Land use, change in land use pattern, pollution sources, soil quality change, environment
and health effects
Biological Environment
Flora and fauna of the study area, vegetation, and habitat change and control measures
Socioeconomic Environment
Demographical details, economic status, employment status, infrastructure availability,
environment and health effects
Occupational health and Safety Environment
Identification of health hazard due to operation, material handling, exposure of
hazardous chemical, health and safety plan and disaster management.
4.2 Identification of Impact due to project location
Project location Impacts are anticipated as disruption of Surface and Groundwater,
rehabilitation, land use, ecological sensitive area other sensitive receptor (highway,
airport, habitation, Archeological site), Impact and its mitigation measures due to project
locations are given below in Table 4.1
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Table 4.1 Impact due to project location
Impact on Status/ Mitigation measures
Disruption of Surface and Groundwater
Proposed project location do not cross any surface water body. A small water canal is running parallel to the factory. Waste water from proposed distillery will be treated through zero discharge treatment scheme. Hence, no surface water or ground water pollution envisaged.
Rehabilitation As proposed distillery location is in the existing sugar factory premises, there will no rehabilitation.
Land use change Present land use is under industrial activity, hence there will not be any major change in land form. 33% Greenbelt will be developed around whole factory premises.
Ecological sensitive area
No any river is occurred within 10 m study area. No any National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Tiger/ Elephant Reserves, Wildlife Corridors etc. are occurred within 10 km radius
Other sensitive receptor
Nearest state highway is 4.36 km in W, Nearest Railway station is 3 km away from the site and Airport does not occurred in 10 km radius. There is no major human habitation nearby. Hence, there is impact is envisaged on other sensitive receptors.
4.2 Impact Identification during Construction and Commissioning phase
The construction phase of the project is expected to last for about one year. During
construction stage, activities like excavation, material storage and movement, vehicular
movement, mixing operation etc. could be affected environment components. Impact
assessment and its mitigation measures have been discussed in below given table.
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Table 4.2 Impact Identification during Construction and commissioning phase
Environment Aspects Project Activities Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
Air Environment Movement of vehicles and construction equipment at site,
Dust emitted during leveling, foundation works,
Transportation of construction material, loading and unloading of construction materials
leveling, grading, earthworks, foundation works and other construction related activities
Resources utilization
PM, SO2, NOx and CO
Dust accumulation on
leaf retard the
photosynthesis rate of
plant which affect
growth of plants
Health problems to construction workers Ex. eye irritation, coughing & sneezing.
Dust generation. Continuous exposure causes respiratory dieses
Temporary impact within
factory premises.
Precautions like water sprinkling, ppes to worker
Covered transportation, regular
Maintenance of vehicles,
PUC check, avoiding
Overloading, minimize idling of vehicles
Noise Environment leveling, grading, earthworks foundation works and other
Excavation
Loading and unloading,
fabrication etc.
Equipment and materials Handling
Noise Nuisance High noise level leads to
disturbance to
immediate surrounding
i.e. workers, biological
and social environment.
Birds, reptiles are
sensitive to high noise
level. Continuous
exposure of high noise
Ear muffs and Ear plugs shall be provided to workers.
Regular maintenance of vehicles.
Temporary walls around construction will acts as noise barrier.
Night time construction activity shall be prohibited.
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Environment Aspects Project Activities Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
level sometimes leads to
hearing defects and
physical
Increasing in road traffic
disrupts social
environment i.e.
residential, hospital, and
school religious places in
the area.
Peak hour traffic shall be avoided. Regular maintenance of vehicles. Internal village road shall be avoided.
Water Environment Runoff from
construction activity
during rainy season
Stagnation of
sewage and construction
waste water if any
Sewage disposal
surface and ground
water contamination
due to percolation of
leachate generated
during construction
Effect on water quality i.e. pH, EC, BOD, COD. Soil parameter
Disposal of sewage, runoff, & percolation of leachate causes water pollution and deterioration of water quality i.e. pH, EC, BOD, COD.
Existing Sugar factory
provide the sanitation
facility to the
construction workers
Construction materials
shall be stored on
tarpaulin sheets
Leachate from storage
shall not be allowed to
runoff into natural water
body. Separate drain will
be provided to avoid
surface runoff.
Soil/Land Environment
Excavation, land clearance
Change in land use, Untreated
Loss of fertility of top soil and will change the
Excavated soil will be reused for backfilling
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Environment Aspects Project Activities Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
Waste water and solid waste from construction activity
sewage and garbage disposal on land may alter physical and chemical properties of soil change in soil like PH, EC, Organic matter, etc.
natural terrain. Fertile soil and nature of terrain supports associated living of organisms. Change in land cover affects the specific niche of the organism.
Excavated top soil will be reused for backfilling and in green belt development.
There will be tree no cutting as proposed land is vacant land plot with scrubby vegetation.
Construction debris pollute aesthetics environment & human health.
Spillage & leakage of fuel spill on land may alter the soil property and wash away with the surface runoff.
Open dumping or improper disposal of sewage and garbage provides breeding ground for pathogenic
and landscape development.
Spillage & leakage of fuel will be prevented by providing well lined/paved area for the works having potential of leakage/ spillage of fuel or material. Hence contamination of land due to spillage/ leakage of fuel or construction material with soil would not arise.
Sewage generation will be very minor and will not cause harmful effect on land. Infrastructure facilities like use of toilet, canteen are available with existing factory.
The packaging materials like wooden boxes and jute wrappers will be stored and disposed of properly.
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Environment Aspects Project Activities Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
bacteria and other creatures which may spread diseases.
Biological Environment
Transportation, leveling,
grading, earthworks,
foundation works and other
construction related
activities
PM and Soil erosion
Impacts on ecology due project on immediate surrounding is not envisaged.
Particulate matter emission affect impacts on flora & fauna in the area and may hindered the growth. Particulate matter hindered
Loss of scrubby vegetation
Soil Erosion
Development of thick
green belt.
Indigenous, local,
nesting, tress while
development of green
belt
Social Environment Proposed Distillery establishment in the sugar premises
Socioeconomics Increase in floating population.
Increase in demand of ancillary services.
Economic upliftment of the area
Local people shall be given preference for employment depending on their qualification
Occupational health and safety
Storage of hazardous material/ chemicals ex. diesel, petrol etc.
Working at height Site sanitation
Working without
Dust, Working Risk and hazard
Accident like falling, improper safety
Fire & explosion causes risk to human health
Use of personal protective equipment’s.
Safety trainings will be conducted
Safety instructions will be placed.
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Environment Aspects Project Activities Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
protective equipment and/or safety belt
Emergency preparedness plan will be implemented from construction phase
Sign boards such as safety, isolated area, risk prone area will be placed
4.3 Identification of impact during operation phase
During operation phase major impacts are anticipated from Storage, transportation, manufacturing processes. In absence of
mitigation measures effluent generation deteriorates the water quality, which ultimately affect other environmental parameters.
Table 4.3: Impact Identification during Operation phase
Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
Air Environment
Utility emissions from boiler stacks, DG set.
Existing boiler 2X32 TPH Proposed distillery boiler 15 TPH and cogen boiler 90 TPH
D.G. set of 500 kVA Exist. DG for emergency power failure.
Types of pollutant emission from Sugar, cogeneration and distillery unit are given in below,
Vehicular movement, material and product transportation, generation of
PM, SO2 and NOx Health impact on like Short-term effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such
During the operation phase of the proposed project, movement of goods vehicles, loading and unloading operations may contribute to air emission.
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
Fugitive emissions due Storage and handling of raw materials & products
PM, SO2, NOX, minor VOCs from storage of raw material and products
as bronchitis and pneumonia.
Others include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions.
Short-term air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema.
Long-term health effects can include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease,
Fugitive emissions from raw material storage yards, loading and unloading operations will be controlled water sprinkling system, whenever necessary.
For existing sugar factory, water sprinkling system is provided in strategic area for control of fugitive emissions.
In existing factory premises Bullock carts, trucks, and tractors are used for transportation.
All internal roads shall be constructed as tar roads and regular water sprinkling shall be carried out on all the Kaccha roads for preventing fugitive dust emissions.
Tree plantation will be carried out around plant area for minimizing environmental impacts of the proposed activities over a period of time. Greenbelt will be developed on 33.9 acres (33% of the total land area i.e 102.4 acres).
Process emissions & Utility Operations
CO2 and VOCs Major source of air pollution will the boiler stack. Height of the proposed stack will be 65 m with
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
Electro Static Precipitator (ESP) for 90 TPH boiler and stack height 45m with wet scrubber to 15 TPH Distillery boiler. Stack height designed on the basis of CPCB guidelines to ensure proper disposal of gas emissions.
Online monitoring system shall be installed.
Since Bagasse will be used as fuel to generate steam in the boilers, SO2 and NOX are negligible.
Incremental GLC for PM, SO2 and NOx has been done and the same has been discussed in Section 4.4.
CO2 will use in bottling/ dry ice/ Sodium Carbonate
System break down,
PM, SO2, NOx, CO & VOC
Emergency shutdown will be done in case of system failure.
Noise Environment
Sugar and cogeneration: Mill house, boiling house, sugar house, bagasse & ash handballing, power house, steam turbines and, transportation etc. Distillery: Fans, blowers and
- Existing quality of noise in the sugar and cogeneration area are given below,
Steam turbines : 80.5 dB
Milling : 90.2 dB
Pan boiling: 85.2 dB
Factory main
Vibrating pads & acoustic enclosure will be provided
Lubrication of moving/rotating part or component of machineries will be done.
The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat
Personnel safety gears to workers
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
compressors, steam turbines etc.
gate: 60.8 dB
Noise health effects are the health consequences of regular exposure to consistent elevated sound levels.
Elevated workplace or environmental noise can cause hearing impairment, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, annoyance, and sleep disturbance.
Design and layout of building to minimize transmission of noise, segregation of particular items of plant.
The operator’s cabins (control rooms) will be properly (acoustically) insulated with special doors with observation windows.
The operators working in the high-noise areas will be provided with ear-muffs or plugs.
Acoustic enclosures and silencers will be provided to the Equipment wherever necessary.
Proper green belt will be developed to reduce the noise level.
Traffic density The transportation shall be carried out by tempos, trucks, and tractors. Hence, additional impact on air due to vehicular emission for incoming raw material is anticipated.
PM, Noise Nuisance, increase in traffic density
Fugitive emissions will be increased
Noise Nuisance
During season, approx. 150-200 additional vehicles will be running.
Due to proposed project additional 60-80 no of vehicle will be increased.
Present road condition is good with width of 8.5 m and capacity to carry the number of vehicle during season.
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
The site is well connected by pacca internal village roads. Project site is connected to
Parbhani-Gangakhed state highway 4.36 km away in W direction and adjacent Singnapur- Amadapur road 1.21 in in SW
The trucks carrying coal will be covered, alcohol will be transported in tankers hence there will not be any fugitive dust/ VOC generation during transportation of raw materials, fuel, and products.
Good traffic management system will be developed and implemented for the incoming and outgoing vehicles so as to avoid congestion on the public road.
Sufficient parking area has been provide for staff and transportation vehicles.
Odor management
Typical compounds generating odor in sugar industry bacterial decomposition of organic matter (stale cane smell) & bacterial decomposition of sulfur compounds (H2S), NH3.
Causes of odor are stale cane, bad mill
Release of foul odors are due to creation of anaerobic condition in waste which releases of hydrogen sulfide, other volatile compounds, such as Indole, Skatole and Mercaptans, may cause odours far more unpleasant than H2S. Some
Nausea, insomnia, and discomfort.
Nasal irritation; trigger symptoms in individuals with breathing problems or asthma.
Better cane management to avoid staling of sugar.
Use of mill sanitation bio-cides to minimize the growth of aerobic / anaerobic micro–organisms.
Steaming of major pipe lines
Proper cleaning of drains
Efficient operation of ETP.
Regular cleaning to avoid growth of Sulphur decomposing micro-organisms to control H2S
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
sanitation, bacterial growth in the interconnecting pipes & unattended drains etc.
Typical odor compounds in distillery are molasses storage tank, spent wash, alcohol, iso amyl & iso butyl alcohol (fuel oils), acetic acid, Sludge from fermentation, DDGS/DWGS and ETP
Causes of odor are bad management of fermentation house, long retention of fermented wash, unattended drains, CPU unit, & ETP.
other gases, such as carbon dioxide resulting from the decomposition of organic matter or nitrogen dissolved from the atmosphere, are also responsible for odour. Pradeep Kumar Poddar & Omprakash Sahu (2015) Quality & management of wastewater in sugar industry. Applied Water Science volume
generation.
Use of efficient bio-cides to control bacterial contamination.
Better housekeeping by regular steaming of all fermentation equipment’s
Control of temperature during fermentation to avoid in-activation / killing of yeast.
Avoiding staling of fermented wash.
Spent wash storage lagoon has capacity of 5 days; however spent wash is usually consumed within 2-3 days.
Maintain proposer aeration during Bio composting process.
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
Water Environment
Effluent generation from distillery, sugar and cogeneration unit
Run off storm water.
Undesirable changes in surface and ground water quality i.e change in pH, COD, BOD, EC,DO etc.
No negative impacts are envisaged on surface water availability as proposed water source is factories own rainwater harvested pond. The factory has constructed rainwater storage reservoir of for use of fresh water.
Distillery will generate ~380-400 CMD spent wash.
Discharge of waste water within & outside plant boundary will leads to the ground water pollution.
Discharge of distillery effluent loss of soil fertility and deteriorate the soil quality.
High organic and inorganic load effluent (COD 1, 00,000 mg/l) discharge of in the surface water body alters the water characteristics and may leads to eutrophication of water bodies. Further, its dark color hinders photosynthesis by blocking
Total spent wash will be around 380-400 CMD will be treated through Bio-methanation followed by MEE followed by bio-composting.
Spent wash storage lagoon shall be constructed as per CPCB guidelines. Details are given in Below Figure 4.1.
Guard pods shall be constructed around molasses and spent wash storage area.
Process condensate, spent lees, boiler, and cooling tower blow down will be the major effluent streams. Details of effluent generation and its characteristic are below given in section 4.4 Table
Effluent water generation quantification and its characteristics are described in section 4.4
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
sunlight and is therefore deleterious to aquatic life.
Failure in effluent treatment and storage system leads to undesirable changes on living and nonliving things by means of alteration in environment, which causes health impact and deterioration of environment.
Nearest impact zone which may suffer this problem are village Amdapur 1.4 km South and Singnapur. However, chances of arising such situation are very rare. If occurs, plant will be shut down immediately.
Soil/Land Environment
Disposal of spent wash, solid such as yeast sludge, boiler ash, CPU sludge and hazardous waste on land
Spent wash, yeast sludge, ETP sludge
Spent wash if discharged directly on land, damages the soil characteristics like porosity, soil fertility etc. These factors cause germination disorders in seeds that are plated. Infiltration of silt and sand with storm water collection.
Proposed distillery unit will be zero liquid discharge distillery unit. No spent wash shall be disposed on land without treatment. All solid waste and hazardous waste from the proposed Distillery Unit will be properly collected, stored and disposed.
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
The hazardous waste i.e. spent oil generated will be sent to authorize recycler/burnt in boiler along with fuel.
Solid waste such as CPU sludge will be used as manure as it is non-hazardous.
Yeast sludge mixed in press mud and will be used as manure.
Boiler bagasse ash will be sold to as manure as it is rich in potash.
Storm water will be collected in proposed rain water harvesting pond.
Greenbelt has been planned for the proposed project which will result in the overall considerable beneficial impacts on land/ soil. It also prevent erosion of soil by holding the soil by its roots.
Quantification of Solid waste generation is described in section 4.4
Biological Environment
Burning of fuel and flue gas emission, Vehicular movement, effluent disposal
Effluent, flue gas emission and solid waste disposal
Flue gas emissions in the air will lead to increase in concentration of particulate matter, minor sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. An increase in air
Flue gas emission will be controlled by wet scrubber and electrostatic precipitator.
No effluent discharged
Sugar ETP treated water is
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
pollutants may affect the vegetation growth in and around the area.
Dust emission is envisaged during material handling & transportation, which affects the growth of vegetation.
Disposal of solid/hazardous waste on land pollute the soil, which eventually affect the vegetation
Waste water disposal thorough runoff/leakages to land will effect negatively on terrestrial flora of the surrounding area and also affect crop productivity.
used for exiting green belt development/ irrigation purpose.
Zero liquid discharged will be implemented for proposed distillery Hence no adverse impacts on surrounding ecology.
Well-designed material storage area as well as handling facilities will be provided to prevent particulate emissions from the storage, handling, & transportation activities.
Solid waste storage area will be designed as per the guidelines to avoid the leachate percolation into the ground or water bodies.
Distillery process condensate effluent will be treated in condensate polishing unit and recycled in the process.
Greenbelt area will be developed in & around the plant premises and shall be maintained properly.
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
Social Environment
Establishment of distillery unit
The impacts of the proposed project will lead to the positive impact on surrounding. The proposed project will generate the employment to local people.
The proposed activities shall generate indirect employment in the region due to the requirement of workers, supply of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would marginally improve the economic status of the people.
The proposed project will be an increase in local skill levels through exposure to activities.
Thus, the said project will not have any significant impact on socio-economic pattern of the surrounding region. The integrated project will provide stability to sugar factory in financial terms. This ultimately benefited to farmers and employees.
Occupational health and safety
Workplace area involving Milling, Pan boiling, Centrifugation, production unit, distillation unit, Boiler section, turbine section, raw material handling area etc.
Risk and hazard It is envisaged that occupational health hazards shall be associated with operational activities such as spillage and exposure to the chemical, mechanical hazards like cuts and hits and electrical shocks.
Accident due to fall from height, burn injury and trap in the machine or motors during operation.
All safety signs will be placed at proper location.
First aid kits will be made available at every department
Pre-employment Medical checkup and periodical medical checkup shall be undertaken to know the occupational health hazards at the early stage.
Work permit system will be introduced to avoid the entry or un-authorized working to avoid the incidences which can lead to the accident if proper care is not
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Environment Aspects
Project Activities and pollutants
Anticipated Pollutant
Impacts prediction Mitigation measures
taken.
All arrangement required for fire hydrant system shall made at every vulnerable location to have the firefighting facility.
Apart from above, all required fire extinguishers shall be provided at appropriate locations
All staff and workers will be trained in firefighting operations and emergency preparedness plan or to tackle the accident
Apart from all engineering control measures, if required necessary PPEs shall be provided as last protection measures to the employees.
Good housekeeping also plays important role in avoiding the undesirable incidences / accidents, hence good housekeeping practices will be employed throughout the Factory premises.
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4.4 Qualitative and Quantitative Impact Assessment
4.4.1 Air emissions
Fuel composition
Details of Boiler fuel composition, stack details and incremental concentration air emissions
are given in below tables.
Table 4.4: Proximate analysis of Bagasse and Biogas
S. No. Constituent Bagasse % Biogas %
1. Moisture Content 47.01 10 - 20
2. Volatile Matter 35.69 16 - 30
3. Ash Content 10.59-15.00 25 - 50
4. Fixed Carbon 6.71 24- 40
5. GCV (kcal/kg) 2000 2800-5000 (Source: Guidelines-Coprocessing-Distillery_Spentwash_in_Cement_Ind.pdf )& http://www.eecpowerindia.com
Table 4.5: Ultimate analysis of Bagasse
S. No. Constituent Spent wash Value % Indian Coal % 1. Carbon 19.92 30 - 55 2. Hydrogen 2.59 2 - 4 3. Nitrogen 1.35 0.7- 1.15 4. Sulphur 0.96 0.3 - 0.8
(Source: Guidelines-Coprocessing-Distillery_Spentwash_in_Cement_Ind.pdf) & http://www.eecpowerindia.com
Table 4.6: Composition of Biogas
Content %
CH4 50 to 75
CO2 25-50
H2S 0-3
Nitrogen 0-10
H20 1 % (Source: IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 37-41
www.iosrjournals.org)
4.4.2 Waste water quantitative and quality assessment
Wastewater from sugar mill will not have significant BOD/ COD levels. All waste water will be
collected in effluent treatment plant and treated water is used for green belt
development/irrigation purpose. The treatment scheme incorporates Aerobic treatment for
the wastewater with state of the art. Domestic wastewater will be treated in ETP and Septic
tank via Soak pit. Composition of different effluent streams are given in below table. Existing
ETP and CPU schematic is shown in Figure 4.4 and 4.5.
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Cooling tower blow down
The usage of cooling water will be low because the air cooled condenser system for the
turbine and generator. In addition to the condenser, the auxiliaries of the turbine/
generator, like the oil cooler and generator air cooler use cooling water. The cooling
water is circulated through the condenser, the other coolers and through the cooling
water. The cooling water is cooled by evaporative cooling and the cooling water
consequently gets concentrated with the chemicals in the water.
The cooling tower blow down water would be used for dust suppression. The low level
of pollutants will be achieved by operating at sufficient blow down levels to prevent the
buildup of pollutants.
Cooling blow down also can be used for green belt irrigating based on COC.
Boiler Blow Down
The pH and temperature of water are main factors for boiler blow down, as quantity of
suspended solids is negligible. The pH will be in the range of 9.8 to 10.3 and the
temperature of 1000C.
The blow down is small and hence, it will be collected in a trench and connected to the
effluent ponds. However, the main usage for blow-down water will be for ash
quenching.
DM Plant Blow Down
The effluent from the cation resin units in the water treatment plant (DM plant) is
acidic in nature and from the anion resin units are alkaline in nature. The combined
wastewater from the DM plant would be neutralized in a neutralizing pit, if required
lime dosing for final pH adjustment will be followed. The neutralized effluent is
expected to have suspended solids.
This shall be pumped and mixed with other effluents& the entire treated waste water
will be recycled and reused.
Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU)
Process Condensate from Multi Effect Evaporators and spent lees generated in the process
offers an ideal opportunity for recycle after treatment in the distillery; where there are major
water consuming activities, and which can effectively minimize the fresh water intake. The
treatment approach is depicted in the Process Flow Diagram. Cooling tower blow down water
shall be used for gardening which cannot treat in CPU as it is design for biological degradation.
CPU Capacity: 650 m3 /day
Sludge: 25 m3 /day can be used for composting.
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Table 4.9: Effluent generation from existing sugar and proposed cogeneration unit
Effluent Source Existing 2500 TCD
Spray pond overflow 100
Cooling tower, Boiler blow down 32
DM reject 10
Cleaning, leakages 100
Total 242
From domestic 12
Total 254
Table 4.10: Effluent generation from distillery unit
Effluent Source 45 KLPD molasses based CMD
Process condensate 320
Spent less 90
Spent wash 400
Cooling tower and boiler blow down 16.5
Total 826.5
Table 4.11: Composition of spent wash from continuous manufacturing process
Sr. No. Parameter Raw spent wash(mg/l) Anaerobically digested spent wash (mg/l)
1. Color Dark brown Dark brown
2. pH 4.0 – 4.3 7.5–8
3. COD 110000 – 130000 45,000 – 52,000
4. BOD 55000 – 65000 8000 – 10,000
5. Total Solids 130000 - 160000 70,000 – 75,000
6. Chloride (Cl) 6000 – 7500 7000 – 9000
7. Sulphate (SO4) 7500 – 9000 3000 – 5000
8. Nitrogen (TKN) 5000 – 7000 4000 – 4200 (IL&FS Technical EIA Guideline manual for Distilleries)
Table 4.12: Characteristics of Spent Lees
S. No. Parameter Range
1. pH 3.6 – 4.5
2. COD 5000 - 6000 mg/l
3. BOD 200 – 300 mg/l
4. Dissolved Solids 5000 – 6000 mg/l
5. Suspended Solids 500 – 1000 mg/l
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6. Chlorides 50 – 100 mg/l (IL&FS Technical EIA Guideline manual for Distilleries)
Table 4.13: Characteristic of wastewater from cooling tower and boiler blow down
Sr. No Parameter Range
1. pH 8.0-9.0
2. COD 1500
3. BOD 60-70 mg/l
4. Suspended solids 800-1500 mg/l
5. Total dissolved solids 1500-3000 mg/l
Table 4.14: Inlet and outlet characteristics of Process Condensate treatment unit
Sr. No Parameter Inlet Outlet Unit
1. pH 3.5-4.0 6.5-7.5 -
2. COD 4000-6000 <100 mg/l
3. BOD 1000-3000 <10 mg/l
4. Total dissolved solids 120 - mg/l
Table 4.15: Characteristic of wastewater generated from sugar factory
S. No. Parameter Inlet Outlet MPCB Limits Units
1. pH 3.4 7.2 5.5-8.0 -
2. COD 4780 160 <250 mg/l
3. BOD 2225 45 <100 mg/l
4. TDS 3025 1200 <2100 mg/l
5. Chlorides 564 298 <600 mg/l
6. Oil and grease 36 5.0 <10 mg/l
Spent wash storage lagoon details
Storage lagoon capacity: Five days.
Preparation of embankment in soil for all four sides 1:2 slopes to be maintained.
Proper compaction.
Laying of 250 micron thick HDPE sheet
Flat brick lining over HDPE sheet for bottom and slopes in cement mortar 1:5 with
pointing.
Construction of the wall to avoid underscoring of the embankment during heavy rains.
Lagoon top with bricks on edge in cement mortar 1:5.
Two coats of coal tar epoxy paint (120 micron total)
Provision of fencing around the lagoon to prevent entry of trespassers and stray animals
Piezometers will be installed all around spent wash storage tank at strategic locations
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Figure 4.1: Spent wash lagoon details
.
4.4.3 Solid waste generation
Solid waste generation from existing sugar and proposed distillery will be Sugarcane trash,
bagasse, press mud, ash, & ETP and yeast sludge. Qualitative and quantitative assessment is
given in below table.
Table 4.16: Solid waste generation and its characteristics
Sr. No.
Type of waste Quantity Quality Final Disposal
1. Existing from Sugar press mud
100 TPD Moisture 76.3 % Press mud will be sold to the farmer as manure.
Volatile matter 76.6 %
Sugars 6.4%
Wax 7.2%
C/N ratio 14% (Source: IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 37-41 www.iosrjournals.org)
2. Existing from Sugar Bagasse Ash
4.2 TPD SiO2 73% Bagasse ash will be sold to farmer as manure
Al2O3 6.7 %
Fe2O3 6.3 %
CaO 2.8 %
MgO 3.2 %
P2O5 4.0 %
Na2O 1.1 %
K2O 2.4 %
3. Proposed bagasse ash 20 Loss of Ignition 0.9 %
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4. Yeast sludge 25-30 TPD
Protein 2 Methionine 4
Tryptophan 2.4
Lysine 10
Calcium 3
Iron 0.35
Phosphorus 0.23
Phenol 0.23
Crude fiber 5.5
Moisture 5
Ash 56
Glucan 3.6
Mannan 2.5
Glycogen 1.2
Thiamine 0.06
Ascorbic acid 3.0 Source:International Journal of Poultry Science 4
(10): 787-789, 2005, ISSN 1682-8356 Distillery Yeast Sludge (DYS) as an Alternative Feed
Resource
5. ETP and CPU Sludge 25-30 TPD
- Partly recirculate and remaining will be used in composting.
6. Domestic ~50 kg Negligible
- Local waste collection system
7. Spent oil (5.1) Negligible Mainly mineral oil waste containing 10%-90% water, oil, oxidized lubricants, waste metal particles (source: Recycling and Analysis of Spent Engine
Oil , International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov
2015,711, ISSN 2229-5518)
Authorized recycler
4.4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX
Impact matrix facilitates to identify components and phases of project activities for
determination of likely impacts. Matrix identifies the interaction between project activities
and environmental components using a grid like table. Entries are made in the cell which
highlights impact severity in the form of symbols or numbers or descriptive comments. The
impact of different project activities on various environmental components like biological
environment, air environment, aesthetics and socio-economic have been summarized in a
form of a matrix in Table 4.20.
Environmental Pollution
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Water: surface and ground water pollution
Air: Ambient air quality
Soil: Soil quality
Land: Change in land use pattern and topography
Biological Environment
Existing Flora and fauna
Aquatic Ecosystem
Socioeconomic Environment
Health and safety, cultural, aesthetic and economic aspects
Table 4.17: Impact Matrix of Proposed Project
Pre-constructio
n
Construction Phase Operation and maintenance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Environment components
Project activity
Parameters
Lan
d a
cqu
isit
ion
Site
cle
arin
g
Site
pre
par
atio
n
Exca
vati
on
/ T
em
po
rary
str
uct
ure
Tran
spo
rtat
ion
of
mat
eria
l
Civ
il/co
nst
ruct
ion
wo
rk
Infl
ux
of
con
stru
ctio
n w
ork
ers
Tran
spo
rtat
ion
of
mat
eria
l
Mo
vem
en
t o
f e
ne
rgy
rese
rves
Alc
oh
ol M
anu
fact
uri
ng
pro
cess
Suga
r an
d C
oge
ne
rati
on
po
we
r p
lan
t
Raw
Mat
eri
al /
Fin
ish
ed
Pro
du
cts
Sto
rage
& H
and
ling
Sto
rage
of
raw
mat
eri
al a
nd
fin
ish
ed
pro
du
cts
Op
era
tio
n o
f co
olin
g sy
ste
m
Po
lluti
on
co
ntr
ol e
qu
ipm
en
t’s
no
nfu
nct
ion
ing
Resources utilization
Fuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0
Electricity 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Water 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0
Construction material ex. Stone
0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Air Air Quality 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -2
Climate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Water Alteration of surface/ groundwater bodies
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2
Alteration of surface run-off and interflow
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Alteration of Hydraulic
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Regime
Contamination 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -2
Soil/Land Soil erosion 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Contamination 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -3
Alteration of Soil properties/ Soil Quality
0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -3
Land topography
0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Noise Noise pollution 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -2
Ecology Effect on trees, grasses, herbs & shrubs
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3
Effect on farmland
0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Effect on aquatic
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Effects on fauna
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2
Habitat change and removal
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
Introduce new exotic species
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Occupational Health & Hazards
Health 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -3
Sanitation 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Socioeconomic
Creation of new economic activities
+1 0 0 0 0 +1 0 +1 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0
Commercial value of properties
+1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Generation of temporary and permanent Jobs
0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0
Effect on crops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
Reduction of farmland productivity
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
Income for the state and private sector
+1 0 0 0 +1 0 0 +1 0 +2 0 0 0 0 0
Savings in foreign currency for the state
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 0 +1 0 0 0
Training in new technologies and new skills
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 0 0 0 0
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to workers
Political/social Conflicts
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2
Land use change
0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aesthetics and human interest
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
Cultural status 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Evaluation marking criteria
Description Value
No / Zero Impact : 0 Minor/ Negligible negative impacts : -1 Minor / Negligible positive impacts : +1 Significant negative impact : -2 Significant positive impact : +2 High negative impact : -3 High positive impact : +3
4.3.1 Conclusion of impact matrix assessment
Proposed project will not have any significant negative impacts on the environment. In
absence of pollution control equipment, project will have high negative impact.
Appropriate Environmental Management Plan (EMP) nullifies all high potential adverse
4.3.2 Summary of Impact
Based on the assessment made in the preceding sections the overall impacts due to the
proposed power project are summarized in Table 4.18.
Table 4.18: Assessment of Impacts due to proposed activity on Environment
Sr. No
Environmental Component
Project Activity
Impacts Identified Impact Assessment after Mitigation
1. Topography Site Clearance
Minor changes in landscape Insignificant
Construction Activities
Changes in landscape Insignificant
Operation activities
Changes in land use. The available free land is utilized.
Insignificant
2. Air Quality Site clearance
Excavation and levelling activities are limited hence, fugitive emissions would be restricted.
Insignificant
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Construction activities
Local increase in SPM Insignificant
Transportation
Vehicular and fugitive emissions Insignificant
3. Noise Construction activities
Temporary local increase in noise Insignificant
Operation activities
Continuous noise but confined to within the Plant Area
Insignificant
Transportation
Increase in noise levels due to vehicular traffic
Insignificant
4. Water Resources
Construction activities
The water will be used during the construction activities.
Insignificant
Operation activities
Surface water Insignificant,
5. Water Pollution
Construction activities
Small volume of wastewater from the construction and sanitation
Insignificant
Operation activities
Effluent generated in the plant Insignificant as there will be zero discharge of effluent.
6. Ecology Site Clearance
There will not be major disturbance to flora fauna
Insignificant
Construction activities
There will not be major disturbance.
Insignificant
Operation activities
There will not be major disturbance to flora fauna.
Insignificant
7. Soil Characteristics
Construction activities
Since there is minimal levelling and excavation, the proposed project area is within the existing facilities.
Insignificant
Operation activities
No changes are envisaged in this phase.
Insignificant
8. Land Use Construction activities
There will be change in land use for industrial purpose.
Significant
Operation activities
The existing land use is change to industrial use.
Insignificant
9. Socio-economics
Construction activities
Creation of additional jobs/ businesses.
Significant
Operation activities
Rise in per capita income due to increased opportunities.
Significant
10. Civic Amenities Construction activities
Built up of temporary structures for workers and non-workers.
Moderately insignificant
Operation Availability of permanent Moderately
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activities structures for workers, non-workers
insignificant
11. Occupational Health
Construction activities
Dusty conditions during summer with vehicular movement
Insignificant
Operation activities
Process specific activities, heat and emission protective control measures followed
Insignificant
12. Vibrations Construction activities
Heavy equipment usage will be temporary
Insignificant
Operation activities
Continuous usage of machinery Insignificant
13. Solid/ Hazardous waste
Construction activities
General construction waste will be disposed of in designated sites
Insignificant
Operation activities
Ash from burning of bagasse in boilers
Insignificant
4.5 CONCLUSION
The anticipated/identified potential environmental impacts of proposed project will be
mainly from solid waste disposal, effluent disposal, ground water exploitation, and flue
gaseous emissions. However, an effective mitigation measure reduces level of significant
impact on the environment. Hence, proposed project will be safe as there won’t be
disposal of effluent on the land or into the water body. Moreover, all required control
measures and required equipment shall be provided to mitigate the impacts.
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CHAPTER V: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 Site Alternatives
Proposed project will be within existing factory premises at Amdapur, Post. Singnapur. Tal.
& Dist. Parbhani. Location of the site has below advantages,
Availability of raw material/fuel
Proximity of molasses as a raw material and cost-effective transportation logistics
Availability of water supply
The availability of water from the source is adequate to meet the requirement of the
proposed distillery. Source of water for proposed distillery is the factories own rainwater
harvesting pond.G
Availability of infrastructural facility
Industrial infrastructural facilities such as roads, transport, security, water, power,
administration etc. are available with existing factory. Community facilities such as
quarters, medical services, education and training facility etc. are also available at site.
Environmental features of site
There are no any eco-sensitive areas such as biosphere, mangrove, protected forest,
national parks etc. or environmental sensitive locations such as protected monuments,
historical places within 10 km from the site.
5.2 Assessment of new & untested technology for the risk of technological failure
No new technology will be used for proposed distillery unit, as selected technology is a proven
technology in the field of molasses based distillery.
5.3 Description of Alternative Technologies
The technology selection is done on the basis of following considerations
Indigenous technology
Least stress on resources
Reduce, recycle and reuse of wastes
Reduce the pollution from the industry
No risk to human and property
Alcohol manufacturing is based on two main steps, Fermentation and Distillation.
Different technologies available in the field fermentation and distillation are given below,
5.3.1 Different fermentation technologies
1. High brix fermentation
2. Multistage continuous fermentation
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3. Immobilized enzyme fermentation
4. Continuous fermentation without yeast separators
The continuous fermentation proposed is the latest and proven technology as compared to the old
batch fermentation technology. It has many advantages like continuity of operation, higher
efficiency and ease of operation. Continuous fermentation also results into consistent performance
over a long period as compared to batch fermentation. To adopt continuous or fed-batch
fermentation process is an appropriate step towards the updating technology of alcohol production
for efficient performance. Volume of effluent discharged is less than that of total effluent
discharged in
Conventional distillation process.
(Source: Information from client, DPR prepared by VSI, Pune)
Advantages of continuous fermentation
Fermentation
- Good ease of operation and easy way as no daily cleaning / filling required
- Consistency in plant operation and performance is very high
- Less operating manpower required
- The process is automated with less cost and great ease
- Easy to control & trouble shoot
Cultured Yeast Advantage
- No fresh yeast dosage required. Yeast is present in its culture form and hence
saving in cost of the yeast
- Elimination of other yeast related problems like wild yeast and contamination along
with the fresh yeast
- Yeast culturing and activation will also ensure optimum yeast concentration in the
Fermenters, even when there is some bacterial growth
Higher Alcohol Concentration in Wash
- Less effluent volume and low cost of treatment
- Reduced steam consumption in Distillation
- Higher alcohol concentration ensures low bacterial activity in Fermenters
Rugged Process based on culture Yeast Technology
- Can handle varying quality raw material
- Easy to start and stop, as and when required
- Can take care of fluctuations like temperature and other conditions
- Good control and handling of bacterial contamination
- Higher alcohol yield per ton of molasses
Minimum and controlled air sparging is employed for Fermenter:
- Low electricity consumption
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- Maximum CO2 recovery of up to 80 to 85 % of the total CO2 production is possible
5.3.2 Distillation
The distillation column system consist of number of bubble cap plates where wash is
boiled and alcoholic vapors are separated according to their boiling point and
concentrated on each plate stage by stage.
i. Atmospheric Distillation
Atmospheric distillation is a technique used to separate components in fermented
wash that is performed under atmospheric pressure. This technique is used to separate
components having a low boiling point (low boiling fractions).
In this process, pre-heated beer is passed into a distillation column in which the
pressure at the top is maintained around 1.2-1.5 atm (nearly the atmospheric
pressure).
ii. Multi-pressure Distillation
Multi Pressure system operates a number of columns at different pressure levels. The
finely-balanced application of vacuum, atmospheric and overpressure allows to reuse
the heat input multiple times.
This brings about a significant reduction in live steam consumption, thus generating
equivalent (cost) savings in the energy required to produce it. (https://www.vogelbusch-biocommodities.com/process-units/distillation-rectification/multipressure-distillation/)
Multi-pressure distillation system for production of Rectified Spirit consists of
Distillation columns namely –
For –Rectified Spirit mode
1. Degasifying cum analyzer column
2. Rectification Column
3. Fusel Oil Concentration column
For –ENA mode
1. Degasifying cum analyzer column
2. Pre-rectifier column
3. Extractive Distillation column
4. Rectification Column
5. Refining /simmering column
6. Fusel Oil Concentration column
7. Head Concentration column
Choice of technology
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Factory will adopt Multi pressure distillation system (For rectified spirit mode) and Molecular Sieve Dehydration Technology for fuel ethanol (anhydrous alcohol) production from molasses due to its eco-friendly nature and worldwide adoption of this technology.
5.4 Distillery Spent wash treatment
Alternative methods of spent wash treatment are given in Fig. 5.1.
Figure 5.1: Alternative technologies for spent wash treatment (Guidelines on Techno – Economic Feasibility of Implementation of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) For Water Polluting
Industries by Central Pollution Control Board January 2015)
Considering the aspect reuse of water recycling, cost of the technology and treatment
efficiency, the industry has decided to adopt Multi effect evaporator followed slop fired
boiler for the proposed expansion. Brief of both the system is given below,
Multi Effect Evaporator (MEE)
Well established technology for concentration up to 40 % solids, which can result in
substantial spent wash volume reduction.
Integrated raw spent wash evaporation can result in reduction of final volume.
Slop fired boiler
Spent wash
Anaerobic digestion Biogas
Reverse Osmosis RO)
Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE)
Spray dryer/ rotary dryer Slop fired boiler
Multiple Effect Evaporation (MEE)
Multiple Effect Evaporation
(MEE)
Bio-composting
Cement/ Thermal power plant
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Solids concentrate (55 to 60 %) or spent wash powder is fired in a specially designed
boiler with or without subsidiary fuel. Steam generated runs a TG set to generate
electricity. Exhaust steam is used in distillery and evaporation plant operations
Overall system is supposed to be self-sustaining in terms of steam and power balance
after initial stabilization period.
Potash rich ash as a by-product. (Guidelines on Techno – Economic Feasibility of Implementation of Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) For Water Polluting
Industries by Central Pollution Control Board January 2015)
Bio-composting
Spent wash will be composted with pressmud and microbial culture in windrows system.
Separate aeration machine will be used for proper turning and aeration. Curing period will
be 30 days.
Benefits of Composting
Low production of waste biological solids
Low nutrient requirements
Production of methane as an energy
Very high loading rates can be achieved
Active-anaerobic sludge can be preserved unified for many months.
Choice of treatment technology
Spent wash generated during the process of distillation will be send to bio-methanation
followed by multiple effective evaporators and bio-composting.
Summary of adverse impacts of each alternative
Other fermentation technologies and atmospheric distillation technologies are energy
consuming and less effluent generating. Continuous fermentation and Multi-pressure
distillation are the proven technology as compared to other old technologies.
5.5 Selection of alternative including justification.
Technology selection is done on the basis of efficient utilization of raw material, water,
electricity, fuel and considering the recycle and reuse of wastes generated from industry.
Considering the advantages and technology feasibility, distillery will be operated through
Continuous Fermentation & Mutli Pressure Distillation. Spent wash generated during the
process of distillation will be treated in Bio-methanation followed by multiple effective
evaporators along with Bio-Composting. The proposed spent wash treatment option will
be able to achieve the aim of “zero discharge” of effluent.
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Chapter VI: Environment Monitoring Program
6.1 Objective of Monitoring Plan
The basic objective of implementing a monitoring plan on a regular basis is as follows:
Monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed
To know the pollution status within the plant and its vicinity.
Generate data for corrective action in respect of pollution.
Correlate the production operations with emission and control mechanism.
Examine the performance of pollution control system.
Assess the environmental impacts.
Remedial measures and environment management plan to reverse the impacts.
6.2 Environment Monitoring Plan
The post project monitoring plan will be as follows,
Prior to the commencement of operation
After 6 months of commencement of operation
Once in a year from the commencement of operation
6.3.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan during Construction Phase
The construction activities require clearing of vegetation, mobilization of construction
material and equipment. The proposed activity envisages setting up of boilers, turbines
and cooling towers, establishment of storage facilities. The generic environmental
measures that are to be undertaken during project construction stage are given in Table
6.1.
Table 6.1: Environmental monitoring plan during construction phase
Environmental Facets Parameter Frequency of Monitoring
Air Emissions Random checks of equipment’s logs/manuals
Weekly
Vehicle logs
Weekly during site clearance & construction activities
Gaseous emissions (SO2,CO,NOX) Monthly emission monitoring
The ambient air quality will conform to the standards for PM10,PM2.5,SO2,NOX and CO
As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement or on monthly basis whichever is earlier
Noise Equipment logs, noise reading Weekly during construction
Working hour records Daily records
Maintenance of record of vehicles Daily records
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Environmental Facets Parameter Frequency of Monitoring
Spot Noise recording As per CPCB/SPCB requirement or on monthly basis whichever is earlier
Wastewater Discharge
No discharge hoses shall be in vicinity of watercourse
Monthly during construction activities.
Soil Erosion Effective cover in place Period during construction activities
Drainage & effluent Management
Visual inspection of drainage and record thereof
Weekly during construction activities
Waste Management
Comprehensive Waste Management plan should be in place and available for inspection onsite.
Fortnightly check during construction activities
Non-routine events & accidental releases
Mock drills and records of the same
Monthly during construction activities
Health of workers All relevant parameters including HIV
Monthly check ups
Loss of flora and fauna
No. of plants, species During site clearance Phase.
6.3.2 Post Project Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental parameters to be monitored and its frequency after commissioning of
proposed project is mentioned in Table 6.2
Table 6.2: Environmental monitoring schedule
Sr. No. Particulate Parameters Number of location Frequency
1. Ambient air quality
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, etc.
Ambient air quality at minimum 3 locations. Two samples downwind direction at 500 m and 1000m respectively. One sample upwind direction at 500m.
Monthly
2. Stack gas PM, SO2 and NOx Number of stacks - 2 Monthly
Online stack monitoring will be installed for both the stacks.
-
3. Work place PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, O3
Process emission in workplace area/plants (for each area/plant minimum 2 locations and 1 location
Monthly
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Sr. No. Particulate Parameters Number of location Frequency
outside plant area near vent)
4. Waste water
pH, EC, SS, TDS, O&G, Ammonical Nitrogen, COD, BOD, Chloride, Sulphides etc.
Wastewater from all sources. Inlet & outlet of ETP, spent wash, Condensate treatment plant
Monthly
Online Monitoring machine will be installed at existing ETP. Camera at spent wash tank will also be installed.
5. Surface water and ground water
pH, Salinity, Conductivity, TDS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, Phosphate, Nitrates, Sulphates, Chlorides, Total Coliforms (TC) & E.Coli
3-5 location Ground as well as Surface water. Within 1 km radius from spent wash tank and compost yard. 2 locations downward 1 location upward additional three locations within 10 km radius from the site. River sample One each at upstream and downstream
Half yearly
6. Solid waste Ash Process dust, generated sludge and ash. Before used as manure if used manure
Monthly
7. Soil Organic and Inorganic matter
N, P, K, moisture, EC, heavy metals etc.
At lands utilizing compost manure and treated effluent, 3 locations
Pre –monsoon and Post monsoon
8. Noise Equivalent noise level - dB (A) at min. Noise Levels measurement at high noise generating places as well as sensitive receptors in the vicinity
5 location At all source and outside the Plant area.
Monthly
9. Green belt Number of plantation (units), number of survived plants/ trees,
In and around the plant site Monthly
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Sr. No. Particulate Parameters Number of location Frequency
number of poor plant/ trees.
10. Soil Texture, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, alkali metals, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), permeability, porosity.
2-3 near Solid waste storage. At least five locations from Greenbelt and area where manure of biological waste is applied. Near spent wash storage lagoon
Quarterly
11. Compost Analysis
Moisture, Carbon: nitrogen ratio, Organic matter content, salinity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, heavy metal etc.
At compost yard Twice a year
12. Occupational health
Health and fitness checkup of employees getting exposed to various hazards and all other staff
All worker Yearly/ twice a year
13. Emergency preparedness, such as fire fighting
Fire protection and safety measures to take care of fire and explosion hazards, to be assessed and steps taken for their prevention.
Mock drill records, on site emergency plan, evacuation plan
Monthly during operation phase
6.4 Monitoring methodologies
Environmental samples will be collected as per the guidelines provided by MoEFCC/ CPCB.
The method followed for monitoring will be recommended/ standard method approved/
recommended by MoEFCC/ CPCB. Detail of the same is mentioned in Table 6.3.
Table 6.3: Methodology of Environmental Monitoring
Sr. Description Method
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No Sampling/ Preservation Analysis
1. Ambient air
monitoring
Samplers (Designed as per
USEPA) to collect PM 2.5, PM10 &
the gaseous samples
Any standard methods
such as IS 5182, CPCB
guideline etc.
2. Stack gas
monitoring
Samplers (Designed as per
USEPA) to collect particulate
matter & the gaseous samples
-
3. Water and waste
water
Standard methods for
examination of water and
wastewater published by APHA
21st edition, 2005
Standard methods for
examination of water
and wastewater
published by APHA 21st
edition, 2012
4. Noise monitoring Instrument : Sound level meter -
5. Soil monitoring Collected as per soil analysis
reference book, M. I. Jackson and
soil analysis reference book
by C.A. Black
Analysis reference
book,
M. I. Jackson and soil
analysis reference book
by C.A. Black
6.5 Reporting and documentation
All the necessary reports and documents will be prepared to comply with statutory rules
and regulations. The records of the monitoring program along with the results of all the
parameters being monitored will be maintained on regular basis. The environmental
monitoring activities will be recorded and the following documents are proposed to be
maintained,
Log sheets of operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities/ equipment
such as ETP/slope fired boiler operation and test results of inlet and outlet.
Instruction manuals for operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities/
equipment like ETP as well as for manual for monitoring of water, solid and gaseous
parameter discharged from the project.
Statutory records as per the environment related legislation.
Monthly and annual progress report.
Bi-annual compliance statement for Regional Office, MoEFCC.
Annual environmental audit statements and compliance to NOC/ Consent conditions to
State Pollution Control Board/ Regional Office, MoEFCC.
6.6 Formulation of Environment Management Cell (EMC)
The Environmental Management Cell shall be responsible for the environmental
management, monitoring and implementation activities of the proposed unit. EMC will
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carry out various activity of environment under the supervision of the Head of the plant.
EMC cell shall be responsible for,
Monitoring of efficiency of pollution control equipment’s
Preparation of maintenance schedule of pollution control equipment and
treatment plants and see that it is followed strictly.
Monitoring activities within core (within factory premises) and buffer zone( 3 km
from factory premises) of proposed project as per monitoring schedule.
Inspection and regular cleaning of setting tanks, drainage system etc.
Greenbelt development and maintenance
Water and energy conservation measures
Good housekeeping
Structure of EMC is mentioned in below
Table 6.4: Environment Monitoring Cell
6.8 Effective Implementation on Environmental Monitoring Program
The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter IV Anticipated Environment & Mitigation
measures will be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the
operations of the proposed project. In order to facilitate easy implementation of mitigation
measures, the phased priority of implementation is given in Table 6.5.
Table 6.5: Implementation Plan to Mitigate Environmental Impact
Sr. No. Recommendations Time Requirement Action
1. Air pollution control measures
Before commissioning of respective units Immediate
2. Water pollution control measures
Before commissioning of the plant Immediate
3. Noise control measures Along with the commissioning of the Plant
Immediate
4. Ecological preservation & up gradation
Stage wise implementation Immediate & Progressive
5. Green Belt development Stage wise implementation Immediate & Progressive
Managing Director : One
Environment Officer (Sugar + Distillery) : One + One
Chemist (Sugar + Distillery) : One + One
Laboratory Attendants (Sugar + Distillery) : One + One
Safety Officer : One
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6.9 Budgetary provision for environment management
Environment management cost will be around Rs.8.3 cr. & recurring cost will be Rs. 0.29 cr.
The details of EMP cost is mentioned in Table 6.6.
Table 6.6: Environment Management Cost
Sr. No Description Capital Cost (Rs. Cr.)
Recurring Cost (Rs. Cr.)
1. Air Pollution Control (ESP and stack, Ash handling system)
6.3 0.01
2. Water Pollution Control (CPU) 1.5 0.05
3. Solid waste Management 0.05 0.05
4. Environmental Monitoring and Management 0.05 0.03
5. Rainwater Harvesting 0.15 0.05
6. Occupational Health 0.05 0.05
7. Green belt development 0.2 0.05
8. Total 8.3 0.29
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CHAPTER VII: ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Public consultation
The project falls under Category “B”, Activity 5 (g) [All molasses based distilleries ≤100
KLPD], of schedule–I of the EIA notification-2006 (as amended timely). As per the ToR’s
issued by in SEAC 179th meeting dated 20.02.20. Hence, public consultation is applicable to
the proposed project. The Public Hearing will be conducted after the submission of the
draft EIA to the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board. The details of public hearing minutes
will be unified in this report after completion of Public hearing.
7.2 Risk Assessment
An emergency occurring in the proposed project is one that may affect several sections
within it and/or may cause serious injuries, loss of lives, extensive damage to environment
or property or serious disruption outside the plant. It will require the best use of internal
resources and the use of outside resources to handle it effectively. It may happen usually as
the result of a malfunction of the normal operating procedures. It may also be precipitated
by the intervention of an outside force such as a cyclone, flood, earthquake or deliberate
acts of arson or sabotage.
A properly designed and operated plant will have a very low probability (to a level of
acceptable risk) of accident occurrence. Subsequently, a properly designed and executed
management plan can further reduce the probability of any accident turning into an on-site
emergency and/or an off-site emergency.
The three main goals of risk assessment are
Identify risks,
Quantify the impact of the potential threats and
Provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the safeguard.
7.2.1 Risk mitigation
Design, manufacture and construction of buildings, plant and machineries will be as per
National and International Codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by
statutory authorities
Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel will be
made.
Minimum of two numbers of gates for escape during disaster will be provided.
In the vicinity of main plant entrance, there will be an emergency assembly point where
plant personnel will assemble in the event of any disaster.
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Adequate numbers of Fire Fighting equipment’s & Fire extinguishers will be installed in
the work places for emergency purpose and the Supervisors / Workers will be trained to
use the equipment’s.
An ambulance will be provided in the factory premises.
A qualified Doctor and a compounder will be employed for attending to any emergency.
7.2.2 Identification of risks and hazards
For identification of risk due to proposed project, it requires in depth study of
Raw material
Process Risk
Storages
Operations
Maintenance
Safety
Fire protection
Effluent disposal
Details of major anticipated risks from the Hazards is given in Table 7.1,
Table 7.1: Hazards of the proposed plant
Sr. No. Name Description Severity Hazard
1. Transportations of raw material
Molasses Major Exposure
Coal Minor -
Yeast, urea Minor Exposure & inhalation
Sulphuric Acid, Di ammonium Phosphate, Anti-foam reagent, Caustic soda
Major Exposure & inhalation
2. Storage of Molasses products and by products
Molasses, RS/ ENA/ Technical Alcohol, Bagasse, fusel oil
Major Explosion, Fire
3. Manufacturing process
Fermentation Major Fire
Distillation Unit Major Heat & fire
4. Utilities D.G set, Boiler, Turbine
Major Heat, fire & electrocution
5. Other accidents Leakages from the vessels, Catastrophic rupture of pressure vessels and Storage Tanks
Major Exposure & fire
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7.2.1 Salient feature of risk mitigation
Design, manufacture and construction of buildings, plant and machineries will be as per
National and International Codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by
statutory authorities
Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel will be
made.
Minimum of two numbers of gates for escape during disaster will be provided
In the vicinity of main plant entrance, there will be an emergency assembly point where
plant personnel will assemble in the event of any disaster.
Adequate numbers of Fire Fighting equipment’s & Fire extinguishers will be installed in
the work places for emergency purpose and the Supervisors / Workers will be trained to
use the equipment’s.
An ambulance will be provided in the factory premises.
A qualified Doctor and a compounder will be employed for attending to any emergency.
7.2.2 Identification of risks
For identification of risk due to proposed project, it requires in depth study of
Raw material
Process Risk
Storages
Operations
Maintenance
Safety
Fire protection
Effluent disposal
Inspection and regular monitoring of storage
area
Training to Workers for proper handling
PPEs will be provided as Nose mask, Hand
gloves.
Provision of level indicators for storage Tanks
If causes eye irritation wash area with soap,
flood eye with water and water
E) Risk: Potential exposure to electricity
Particular: Entire power plant, specifically the generator area, distribution panel, and
control rooms.
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Follow up of standard operating procedures and regular training on electrical safety.
Ensure suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to classified
hazardous areas and protection against lightening protection and static charges.
Adopting preventive maintenance practices as per testing and inspection schedules.
Ensure all maintenance and repair jobs with prior work permit system. Use of personal
protective equipment and ensuring compliance of the Indian Electricity Rules, 2003.
Ensure all electrical circuits designed for automatic, remote shut down.
F) Risk: Fire incident
Particular: Bagasse Storage yard, entire power plant, specifically the Storage area,
electrical wearing and fuel handling area.
Follow up of standard operating procedures and regular training on firefighting Mock
drills of firefighting .Installation of fire alarm & proper fire extinguisher. Ensure
suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to classified hazardous
areas and protection against lightening protection and static charges. Adopting
preventive maintenance practices as per testing and inspection.
G) Risk: Solid/ liquid waste disposal
Particular: Ash generated from boiler and effluent generated from distillery unit.
Standard operating procedures for disposal of ash need to be followed like isolated
disposal of hot ash inside the silo, use ash will sold, brick & cement manufacturing
industries. Effluent will be treated as per regulatory norms and treated water will be
reused. Regular monitoring will be carried out as per schedule to avoid any kind of
pollution
H) Risk: Health risk
Particular: Exposure to toxic and corrosive chemicals
Provision of secondary containment system for all liquid corrosive chemicals fuel and
lubricating oil storages. Constructing storage tanks and pipes for toxic chemicals and
fuel oil as per the applicable standards. Inspection and radiography will be followed to
minimize risk of tank or pipeline failure. Provision of protective equipment’s such as
protective clothing, goggles, safety shoes and breathing masks for workers working in
chemical storage. Provision of emergency eyewash and showers in the working area.
I) Risk: Safety risk
Particular: Ensure Worker Safety
Periodical SHE training of staff and contractor. Ensuring special training to develop
competent persons to manage specific issues such as safety from the system, risk
assessment, scaffolding, and fire protection, Training will include the proper use of all
equipment operated, safe lifting practices, the location and handling of fire extinguishers,
and the use of personal protective equipment. Ensure good housekeeping practices (e.g.,
keeping all walkways clear of debris, cleaning up oil spots and excess water as soon as
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they are noticed, and regular inspection and maintenance of all machinery). Daily
collection and separate storage of hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
J) Risk: Force Majeure and Insurance coverage to the Project
Particular: Natural calamities like flood, earthquake, fire, and other act of God and Act of
Man etc.
Mitigation: Complete plant need to be insured and also care has been considered while
designing and construction of the plant to minimize the impact. Third party Liability,
Workers compensation, Employers Liability, Legal and contractual liabilities, Loss of profit
due to interruption due to fire machine, break down, and related perils, Loss of profit
due to loss of generation are some of the other risk against which the mitigation
measures have been considered in the project by the way of insurance.
7.2.3 Fire and Explosion Index
Fire, Explosion and Toxicity Indexing (FETI) is a rapid ranking method for identifying the
degree of hazard. In preliminary hazard analysis, chemical storages are considered to
have Toxic and Fire hazards. The application of FETI would help to make a quick
assessment of the nature and quantification of the hazards in these areas. However, this
does not provide precise information.
Respective Material Factor (MF),
General Hazard Factors (GHF)
Special Process Hazard Factors (SPH)
They are computed using standard procedure of awarding penalties based on storage
handling and reaction parameters.
It can be used to classify separate elements of plant within an industrial complex. Before
indexing is done, the plant is divided into plant elements. Depending upon the material
in use, material factor, number of parameters such as exothermic reactions, handling
hazards, pressure of system, flash point, operating temperature, inventory of flammable
material, corrosive property, leakage points and toxicity are taken into consideration in
determining a plant/ equipment /operation hazard. A standard method of awarding
penalties and comparing the indices is used. However, this method does not give
absolute status of the equipment or section. Dow's Fire and Explosion Index (F and E) is a
product of Material Factor (MF) and hazard factor (F3) while MF represents the
flammability and reactivity of the substances, the hazard factor (F3), is itself a product of
General Process Hazards (GPH) and special process hazards (SPH). An accurate plot plan
of the plant, a process flow sheet and Fire and Explosion Index and Hazard Classification
Guide published by Dow Chemical Company are required to estimate the FE & TI of any
process plant or a storage unit.
Computations and evaluation of fire and explosion index
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The degree of hazard potential is identified based on the numerical value of F&EI as per
the criteria given Table 7.1.
Table 7.2: Fire & Explosion Index
F&EI Range Degree of Hazard
0-60 Light
61-96 Moderate
97-127 Intermediate
128-158 Heavy
159-up Severe
Risk Index (RI)
The risk categories can be expressed in terms of the risk index as given below.
Table 7.3: Risk Index
Category Risk Index
Acceptable Region <0
Low Risk 0
Moderate Risk 0.67
Significant Risk 1.33
High Risk 2
Unacceptable Region >2
Table 7.4: The Physiological effects of threshold Thermal Doses
Threshold Dose (kj/m2) Effect
375 3rd degree burn
250 2nd degree burn
125 1st degree burn
65 Threshold of pain, no reddening or blistering of skin caused
Note: 1st degree burn- Involves only epidermis. Example sunburn. Blisters may occur. 2nd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis over the area of burn plus some portion of dermis area.
3rd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis and dermis. Sub cutaneous tissues may also be affected. Table 7.5: Damage due to Incident Radiation Intensity
Incident Radiation Intensity (KW/m2) Type of Damage
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Incident Radiation Intensity (KW/m2) Type of Damage
37.5 Minimum energy required igniting wood at infinite long exposure (non-piloted)
32.0 Maximum flux level for thermally protected tanks
12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic tubing etc.
8.0 Maximum heat flux for un-insulated tanks.
4.5 Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach cover within 20 seconds. However blistering of skin (1st degree burns) is likely.
1.6 Will cause no discomfort to long exposure.
0.7 Equivalent to solar radiation.
7.2.4 Consequence Analysis
Hazardous substance on release can cause damage on a large scale in the environment.
The extent of the damage is dependent upon the nature of the release and the physical
state of the material. It is necessary to visualize the consequences and the damages
caused by such releases.
The quantification of the physical effects can be done by means of various models, which
can then be translated in terms of injuries and damage to exposed population and
buildings.
Hazardous substances may be released as a result of a catastrophe causing possible
damage to the surrounding areas. The extent of damage depends upon the nature of the
release. The release of flammable materials and subsequent ignition results in heat
radiation, pressure wave or vapour cloud depending upon the flammability. It is important
to visualise the consequences of the release of such substances and the damage caused to
the surrounding areas.
An insight into physical effects resulting from the release of hazardous substances can be
had by means of various models. Vulnerability models are used to translate the physical
effects occurring in terms of injuries and damage to exposed population and buildings
7.2.5 Risk mitigation measures
The materials handled at the proposed installation are inflammable and reactive substances
and based on the consequence analysis; the following measures are suggested as risk
mitigation measures.
It should be ensured that combustible materials such as oiled rags, wooden supports,
oil buckets etc. are not kept in the storage and process areas as well as road tankers
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loading/unloading sites where there is maximum possibility of presence of flammable
hydrocarbons in large quantities, to reduce the probability of secondary fires.
Smoke and fire detectors should be suitably located and linked to firefighting system to
reduce the response time and ensure safe dispersal of vapours before ignition can
occur.
Training in firefighting, escape action, operation of emergency switches etc. is vital.
Pump loading line failures also have possibility of causing major damage. Strict
inspection, maintenance and well laid down operation procedures are essential for
preventing escalation of such incidents.
Emergency procedures should be well rehearsed to achieve state of readiness.
Potential risk and mitigation measures during operation phase at every stages are given
below
Boiler Operation
Sr. No.
Activity Associated Hazards
Health impact
Risk rating
Proposed mitigation & control measures
1. Working near Boiler
High noise Noise induced hearing loss
M
Required PPEs need to be used
2. Boiler maintenance
Mechanical hazard
Physical injury
M
PPEs
Regular monitoring for checking leakages
Individual vigilance and proper training to worker for proper handling
Provision of First aid box
3. High Pressure Steam
Explosion Release of energy from pressure burst and flashing of liquid content to vapor
H
Required PPEs
Only trained personals
Flammable chemicals stored away from the source of ignition
Firefighting facility
Provision of First aid Box
4. Incomplete Combustion
Asphyxiation from carbon monoxide
Possible fatality
H
Online CO monitors
Regular checking of workplace
Individual alertness and precaution
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5. Maintenance work
Slips, Trips and Falls
Physical injury
M
PPEs
Individual alertness and precaution
6. Electrical maintenance work
Electricity Electric shock, Possible burns
H
Regular checking and maintenance of electrical units
PPEs
Provision of First aid box
7. Maintenance of burner
Burn injury Severe Physical injury or burn
M
PPES will be provided.
Work will be carried out under proper supervision.
Follow of SOPs.
Individual alertness and precaution is important
Provision of First aid box
Risk Impact and rating matrix for D.G. set operation
Sr. No.
Activity Associated Hazards
Associated Risk /Health impact
Risk rating
Proposed mitigation measures
1. Working near DG
High noise Noise induced hearing loss
M
Use of PPEs
Acoustic enclosure
2. Maintenance Fire Burns, Serious injury
H
Restricted Entry
Use of flame proof fittings
Use of PPEs
3. HSD Storage
Leakage / Fire
Risk of severe physical injury and burn
H
Storage will be away from ignition source
Regular monitoring to check the leakages and spillages
Firefighting facility will be provided
PPEs will be provided
First aid box
4. DG set maintenance
Mechanical Hazard
Physical injury M
PPEs
Leakage and heat in the joint will be checked before maintenance
First aid box at approachable place
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Impact matrix of Storage and handling of raw material
Sr. No.
Activity Associated Hazards
Associated Risk / Health impact
Risk rating
Proposed mitigation measures
1. Storage, handling, loading & Unloading of material
Exposure, leakage, Fire, Explosion
Physical Injury, burn, Eye irritation and respiratory problem
H Provision of Eye wash
Inspection and regular monitoring of storage area
Training to Workers for proper handling
PPEs will be provided as Nose mask, Hand gloves.
Proper system for loading operation to prevents spillage
Provision of level indicators for storage Tanks
Spill kit for Acid and other chemicals
Proper ventilation
First Aid boxes
2. Storage of coal, bagasse, molasses, spent wash of existing sugar Unit
Fire, explosion
Burns, serious injury
H Firefighting facility in the factory premises is provided.
2. Transportation Fire, Accident, leakage
Burns, serious injury
H Firefighting facility
Training to Driver
MSDS
TREM Card
First Aid Box
Hazard & associated Risk of Molasses storage tank
Sr. No.
Activity Associated Hazards
Associated Risk/ Health impact
Risk rating
Proposed mitigation measures
1. Storage and
Explosion May cause slight
H Store in good quality ventilated and leak-proof tanks (mild steel,
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Handling
irritation
May cause irritation
stainless steel, polyethylene, PVC) at ambient temperatures, out of moisture.
Continuous mixing of molasses should be done.
If there is increase in temperature beyond 30 oC external cooling of tanks should be provided. A temperature recorder should be provided to the tanks.
Avoid microbiological contamination or dilution with water.
Regular monitoring and maintenance to avoid leakages.
Training to Workers for proper handling
PPEs will be provided as Nose mask, Hand gloves.
Provision of level indicators for storage Tanks
If causes eye irritation wash area with soap, flood eye with water and water
Impact matric of risk associated Alcohol storage
Sr. No.
Activity Associated Hazards
Health impact Risk rating
Proposed Control and mitigation measures
1. Storage of Alcohol
Exposure, inhalation, ingestion & Fire
Exposure to over 1000 ppm may cause headache, drowsiness and lassitude, loss of appetite, and inability to concentrate. Throat Irritation
Ingestion causes depression of central nervous system, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
H Storage
Storage will be away from process area with well-ventilation. Avoid all possible sources of ignition like spark or flame.
Use spark/flame proof hand tools
Electrical wiring will be flame proof type
Based on the leakage quantity, wiped out with or dilute by spraying the water to suppress the
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Liquid or vapor may cause eye and skin irritation
Burn injury
vapors Control measures in case of over exposure
If victim is conscious and able to swallow, then give water to dilute the contents in the stomach
Look out for medical help Skin or Eye exposure
Immediately flush affected area with plenty of water. Eyes should be flushed for at least 15 minutes with water
PPEs will be provided to avoid exposure
Impact matric of risk associated distillation area
Sr. No.
Activity Associated Hazards
Health impact
Risk rating
Proposed Control and mitigation measures
1. Working near Distillation column
Heat & Fire Physical injury & burning
H PPEs
Firefighting facility
First aid box
Periodic checking of all parts
Warning Information for Ethyl Alcohol
Section I
Product Name Ethyl Alcohol,
Synonyms Anhydrous Ethyl Alcohol, Dehydrated Alcohol
Chemical Family Alcohol
Molecular Weight 46.07
Formula C2h5oh Health Fire Reactive Other Degree of Hazard Colour Coding Other Codes
0 3 0 - 0 = Minimum 1 = Slight 2 = Moderate 3 = Serious 4 = severe
Health = Blue Fire = Red Reactivity = Yellow Other = White
Ox = Oxidiser Acid = Acid Alk = Alkaline COR = Corrosive W = No use water
SECTION II – INGREDIENTS
COMPOSITION CAS RN. NOMINAL WT/WT%
PEL/TLV HAZARD
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Ethyl Alcohol 64-17-5 100.0 1000 ppm Flammable/Nervous System Depressant
PEL = Personal Exposure Limit TLV = Threshold Limit Value
SECTION III – HEALTH INFORMATION
INHALATION Exposure to over 1000 ppm may cause headache, drowsiness and lassitude, loss of appetite, and inability to concentrate. Irritation of the throat.
INGESTION Can cause depression of central nervous system, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
EYE CONTACT Liquid or vapor may cause irritation.
SKIN CONTACT May cause irritation and defatting of skin on prolonged contact.
SECTION IV – OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS
PEL (OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit): Mixture
See Section II
TLV (ACGIH Threshold Limit Value): Mixture
See Section II
SECTION V – EMERGENCY FIRST AID PROCEDURE
FOR OVEREXPOSURE BY SWALLOWING
If victim is conscious and able to swallow, have victim drink water or milk to dilute. Never give anything by mouth if victim is unconscious or having convulsions. CALL A PHYSICIAN OR CHEM-TREC (POISON CONTROL) IMMEDIATELY. Induce vomiting only if advised by physician (Poison Control)
INHALATION Immediately remove victim to fresh air. If victim has stopped breathing, give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY
CONTACT WITH EYES OR SKIN
Immediately flush affected area with plenty of cool water. Eyes should be flushed for at least 15 minutes. Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY
SECTION VI – PHYSICAL DATA
BOILING POINT 173° F (78 0C)
MELTING POINT -173° F (-114 0C)
VAPOR PRESSURE 44.6 mm Hg @ 68° F (20 0C)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 0.7940 @ 60°/60° F
VAPOR DENSITY (AIR = 1) 1.59
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Complete in water, chloroform, acetone, ether, benzene and methanol
APPEARANCE AND COLOR Clear and colorless, volatile liquid with a weak, vinous, alcohol odour and bitter taste. Odour threshold = 84 ppm
SECTION VII – FIRE AND EXPLOSIVE HAZARDS
FLASH POINT 56° F ASTM D-56 (Tag Closed Cup)
AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE
685° F
FLAMMABLE LIMITS IN AIR, % BY VOLUME
LOWER: 3.3 UPPER: 19
NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) RATING
HEALTH (0) FIRE (3) REACTIVITY (0)
FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES
(Note: Individuals should perform only those fire-fighting procedures for which they have been trained.) Use dry chemical, “alcohol” foam, or
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carbon dioxide; water may be ineffective, but water should be used to keep fire-exposed containers cool. If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse the vapors and to protect men attempting to stop a leak. Water spray may be used to flush spills away from exposures and to dilute spills to nonflammable mixtures.
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatuses in the positive pressure mode with a full-face piece when there is a possibility of exposure to smoke, fumes, or hazardous decomposition products.
SECTION VIII – REACTIVITY
STABILITY Generally stable.
HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION
Not likely.
CONDITIONS & MATERIALS TO AVOID
Contact with acetyl chloride and a wide range of oxidizing agents may react violently.
SECTION IX – EMPLOYEE PROTECTION
CONTROL MEASURES Handle in the presence of adequate ventilation.
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Where exposure is likely to exceed acceptable criteria, use NIOSH/MSHA approved respiratory protection equipment. Respirators should be selected based on the form and concentration of contaminant in air and in accordance with OSHA (29 CFR 1910.134).
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Wear gloves and protective clothing, which are impervious to the product for the duration of the anticipated exposure if there is potential for prolonged or repeated skin contact.
EYE PROTECTION Wear safety glasses meeting the specifications of ANSI Standard Z87.1 where no contact with the eye is anticipated. Chemical safety goggles meeting the specifications of ANSI Standard Z87.1 should be worn whenever there is the possibility of splashing or other contact with the eyes.
SECTION X – ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL PRECAUTIONS
Avoid uncontrolled releases of this material. Where spills are possible, a comprehensive spill response plan should be developed and implemented.
SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES Wear appropriate respiratory protection and protective clothing as described in Section IX. Contain spilled material. Transfer to secure containers. Where necessary, collect using absorbent media. In the event of an uncontrolled release of this material, the user should determine if the release is reportable under applicable laws and regulations.
WASTE DISPOSAL All recovered material should be packaged, labeled, transported, and disposed of, or reclaimed in conformance with applicable laws and regulations and in conformance with good engineering practices.
SECTION XI HANDLING AND STORAGE
Precautions Keep locked up. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis, and moisture.
Storage Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame). Do not store above 23°C (73.4°F).
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7.2.6 Possibilities, nature and effects of emergency
Leaving aside earthquake, cyclone, flood, arson and sabotage, the possible emergencies that
can arise in the power plant due to operations and storages and handling of the fuels and
gases are:
Explosion in boilers, turbo generators, transformers and hydrogen plant
Subsequent fire in the fuel handling area
Large fires involving the bagasse storage yard and bagasse handling areas
Accidental release of ash slurry
Accidental fire due to some other reasons such as electrical short circuit.
7.2.7 Methodology of MCA Analysis
The MCA analysis involves ordering and ranking of various sections in terms of potential vulnerability. The data requirements for MCA analysis are:
Flow diagram and P&I diagrams
Detailed design parameters
Physical & chemical properties of all the chemicals
Detailed plant layout
Detailed area layout
Past accident data The following steps are involved in MCA analysis:
Identification of potential hazardous process units, storage sections and representative failure cases from the vessels and pipe lines
Visualization of chemical release scenarios
Consequence Analysis for computation of damage distances from the release cases through mathematical modeling
7.2.8 Consequence analysis
Hazardous substance on release can cause damage on a large scale in the environment.
The extent of the damage is dependent upon the nature of the release and the physical
state of the material. It is necessary to visualize the consequences and the damages
caused by such releases. The quantification of the physical effects can be done by
means of various models, which can then be translated in terms of injuries and damage
to exposed population and buildings. Hazardous substances may be released as a result
of a catastrophe causing possible damage to the surrounding areas. The extent of
damage depends upon the nature of the release. The release of flammable materials
and subsequent ignition results in heat radiation, pressure wave or vapor cloud
depending upon the flammability. It is important to visualize the consequences of the
release of such substances and the damage caused to the surrounding areas.
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An insight into physical effects resulting from the release of hazardous substances can
be had by means of various models. Vulnerability models are used to translate the
physical effects occurring in terms of injuries and damage to exposed population and
buildings.
7.2.9 Factors influencing the use of physical effect models
In order to calculate the physical effects of the accidental releases of hazardous
substances the following steps must be carried out in succession:
Determine the form in which the hazardous substances occur- gas, gas condensed
to liquid or as a liquid in equilibrium with vapor
Determine the way in which the release takes place, above or below the liquid
level in a process unit or storage facility, instantaneous or continuous
Determine the outflow volume (as a function of time) of the gas, vapor or liquid in
the event of liquid outflow, possible two phase outflow,
Determine the evaporation from the pool of liquid formed
Dispersion of the released gas or vapor which has formed into the atmosphere
A distinction has to be made between toxic and flammable substances. In the event of
the incidental release of toxic substances it is necessary to compute the concentrations
of gas cloud (as a function of time and place) spreading in the surrounding areas. In the
case of flammable substances, the heat radiation is computed for the following
situations:
Torch, if vapors are ignited
Pool fire, if pool of liquid is ignited
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) which is a physical explosion
In the event of an explosive gas cloud the peak overpressure resulting from the explosion
is calculated and the damage contours are plotted. In the distribution model account is
taken of the atmospheric stability, the so-called Pasquill classes (A to F) and a wind
velocity. The model is based on a point source. In practice, however, a point source will
never exist; for example, a surface sources in the case of pools. To enable the source
dimensions to be included in the calculation in the dispersion models in spite of this, an
imaginary (virtual) point source is assumed, which is put back in such a way that the
cloud area calculated according to the model has the source dimensions at the site of the
actual source. In calculations based on a continuous source, the duration of the source is
also included in the calculation. Some conditions for this calculation model are as
follows:
There must be some wind at the site
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The model applies only to open terrain; allowance is made, however, for the roughness
of the terrain. The influence of trees, houses, etc. on the dispersion can be determined
by means of the roughness length.
Models for the calculation of heat load and shock waves
If a flammable gas or liquid is released, damage resulting from heat radiation or
explosion may occur on ignition. Models for the effects in the event of immediate
ignition (torch, pool fire and BLEVE) and the ignition of a gas cloud will be discussed in
succession. These models calculate the heat radiation or peak overpressure as a function
of the distance to the torch, BLEVE, the ignited pool or gas cloud.
Model for a BLEVE
BLEVE stands for Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion. BLEVE is a follow-up effect
that occurs if the vapor side of a tank is heated by a torch or a pool fire. Due to the
heating, the vapor pressure will rise and the material of the tank wall will weaken. At a
given moment the weakened tank wall will no longer be able to withstand the increased
vapor pressure and it will burst open. As a result of the expansion and flash-off a
pressure wave occurs. In the case of flammable gases a fireball will form. The effects of a
BLEVE for a tank with a flammable liquid are:
A fireball: model gives the radius of the fire ball and the thermal load
Pressure wave effects resulting from the expansion of the vapor and the
flash-off. This is however, not predominating in this case
Rupture of the tank, resulting in the formation of numerous fragments of the
tank. These fragments can be hurled over at fairly great distances by the energy
released
Ignition of a Gas Cloud
If a flammable gas is not ignited directly, this cloud will spread in the surrounding area.
The drifting gas cloud will mix with air. As long as the gas concentration is between the
lower and upper explosion limit, the gas cloud may explode or give flash fire on
availability of an ignition source. The flammable content of a gas cloud is calculated by
a three-dimensional integration of the concentration profiles, which fall within the
explosion limits. If the gas cloud ignites, two situations can occur, namely non-explosive
combustion (flash fire) and explosive combustion (flash fire + explosion).
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The heat radiation from a flash fire is not calculated since the burning time is very
short. Models exist for the calculation of the peak overpressure in explosive
combustion as a function of the distance from the center of the gas cloud.
Burning Torch
The out flowing gas on immediate ignition gives a burning torch. In this model, an
ellipse is assumed for the shape of a torch. The volume of the torch (flare) in this model
is proportional to the outflow. In order to calculate the thermal load the center of the
flare is regarded as a point source.
Injuries resulting from Flammable Liquids and Gases
In the case of flammable liquids and gases on immediate ignition, a pool fire or BLEVE
or a flare will occur. The injuries in this case are mainly caused by heat radiation. It is
only in the case of a BLEVE that injury may occur as a result of flying fragments also.
Serious injuries as the result of the shock wave generally do not occur outside the fire
ball zone. Fragmentation of the storage system can cause damage up to distances of
over 1 km.
If the gas is not ignited immediately, it will disperse into the atmosphere. If the gas
cloud ignites, it is assumed that everyone present within the gas cloud will die as a
result of burns or asphyxiation. The duration of the thermal load will be too brief in
case of explosion to cause any injuries. In the event of very rapid combustion of the gas
cloud the shock wave may cause damage outside the limits of the cloud. Explosive
combustion will only occur if the cloud is enclosed to some extent between buildings
and structures.
Damage Models for Heat Radiation
It is assumed that everyone inside the area covered by the fire ball, a BLEVE, a torch, a
burning pool or gas cloud will be burnt to death or will asphyxiate. The following probit
functions are examples of methods which can be used to calculate the percentage of
lethality and first degree burns that will accurate a particular thermal load and period
of exposure of an unprotected body.
Lethality
Pr = - 36.38 + 2.56 ln (t.q4/3)
First degree burn symptoms
Pr = -39.83 + 3.0186 ln (t.q4/3)
Where, t= Exposure time in seconds,
q= Thermal load in W/m2,
Pr= Probit value, which relates to the percentage of affected people
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For the exposure time, two values are chosen:
10 seconds: In a residential area, it is reasonable to assume that affected people
can find protection from the thermal load within 10 seconds.
30 seconds: This pessimistic assumption applies if people cannot directly flee or
no protection is provided to them.
Damage Model for Pressure Waves
A pressure wave can be caused by a BLEVE or gas cloud explosion.
The peak overpressure of 0.3 bar will lead to heavy damage to buildings and structures.
Secondary fire and explosion are likely to take place due to cascading effects. A peak
overpressure of 0.1 bar is taken as the limit for fatal injury and 0.03 bar as limit for the
occurrence of wounds as the result of flying fragments of the glass. Similarly a peak
overpressure of 0.01 bar is taken as the limit for the smashing of windows pans.
7.7.10 Specific Emergencies Anticipated and Mitigation Measures
Consequence analysis for leakage from RS/ENA storage tank.
The following inputs were used to run ALOHA model for computation of damage
distances from 2” & 4” leak from one RS/ENA tank:
ALOHA model developed by USEPA was used to quantify the damage distances for
release scenario of 2 inch leak in one RS/ENA storage tank for heat loads of 37.5
kW/m2, 12.5 kW/m2, and 4 Kw/m2 for pool fire scenario under weather condition of 3F.
The damage distances for 37.5 kW/m2, 12.5 kW/m2, and 4 Kw/m2 were computed as 6
m, 9 m and 17.3 m respectively.
Similarly the release scenario for 4 inch leak in one RS/ENA tank was visualized for heat
loads of 37.5 kW/m2, 12..5 kW/m2,, and 4 Kw/m2 for pool fire scenario under weather
condition of 3F. The damage distances for 37.5 kW/m2,, 16.5 kW/m2,, and 4 kW/m2
were computed as 9.9 m, 19.2 m and 32.9 m respectively.
For avoiding any kind of fire incident leakages inside the factory premises, the following
safety measures have to be undertaken:
Safety Equipment
Table 7.6: Fire & safety facilities
Sr. No. Particulars
1. DCP Type 5 Kg Fire Extinguisher
2. DCP Type 10 Kg Fire Extinguisher
3. CO2,Water type ,Capacity 9 lit
4. Mechanical Foam Type, Capacity 9 lit
5. Carbon Di Oxide,(CO2) Capacity 4.5 Kg
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7.2.11 Risk Reduction Measures
The following opportunities will be considered as a potential means of reducing identified
risks during the detailed design phase:
Buildings and plant structures designed for cyclone and seismic events (where
appropriate), to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing
for storage of dangerous goods;
Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and critical
process water;
Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic and
storage and stacking locations;
Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to facilitate safe
access to fixed and mobile plant;
Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded areas as per
relevant standards;
Containment of hazardous materials;
Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of prohibited
items, and control of onsite traffic; and
Development of emergency response management systems commensurate with site
specific hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue, and first aid).
Surrounding population (includes all strata of society) should be made aware of the
safety precautions to be taken in the event of any mishap within the plant. This can
effectively be done by conducting the training programs.
Critical switches and alarm should be always kept in line
Fire extinguishers should be tested periodically and should be always kept in
operational mode
A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site so that in an emergency
the wind direction can be directly seen and downwind population cautioned
Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in emergencies
A detailed HAZOP and Fault Tree Analysis should be carried out before commissioning of
any new installation.
7.3 Disaster Management Plan
This DMP has been designed based on the range, scales and effects of "Major Generic
Hazards" described in the Risk Assessment. The DMP addresses the range of thermal and
mechanical impacts of these major hazards so that potential harm to people onsite and
off-site, plant and environment can be reduced to a practicable minimum. The scenarios of
loss of containment are credible worst cases to which this DMP is linked.
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Disaster Management Plan is an elaborate scheme of planning events and organizing the
chain of command which will enact swiftly to counter contingencies arising out of the
accident whose cause can be catastrophic rupture of tank leading to pool fire –among
many others. The general description of the emergency management plan is discussed
below which is further bifurcated into the onsite emergency plan and off-site emergency
plan.
The project is in its formative stage and detail engineering is yet to be done, so the
elements of the DMP are based on concepts.
7.3.1 Capabilities of DMP
The emergency plan envisaged will be designed to intercept full range of hazards
specific to power plant such as fire, explosion, major spill etc. In particular, the DMP
will be designed and conducted to mitigate those losses of containment situations,
which have potentials to escalate into major perils.
Another measure of the DMP's capability will be to combat small and large fires due to
ignition, of flammable materials either from storage or from process streams and
evacuate people from the affected areas speedily to safe locations to prevent
irreversible injury.
Emergency medical aids to those who might be affected by incident heat radiation flux,
shock wave overpressures, and toxic exposure will be inherent in the basic capabilities.
The most important capability of this DMP will be the required speed of response to
intercept a developing emergency in good time so that disasters such as explosion,
major fire etc. are never allowed to happen.
7.3.2 Declaration of Emergency
a) Communication with declarer of emergency
When an emergency situation arises in the plant, it will be first noticed by some
workers on the shop floor. He will immediately get in touch with shift –in-charge of that
particular section. The shift –in-charge will initiate action to overcome the emergency,
and will use his discretion to shut – down the factory if he feels that emergency
situation is very serious. He will simultaneously get in touch with the Declarer of
Emergency. The possible Declarers of Emergency in the order of priority are given
below
i) Chairman General Manager
ii) Distillery Managers
b) Communication with Declarer
The shift in charge has to try to get in touch with number one of the declarer of
emergency on phone. The phone number of the Declarers of Emergency should be
known to every worker. In case the phones are out of order due to some reason or the
other, a messenger has to be immediately sent by the shift by the shift –in-charge to
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contact the Declarer of Emergency As the vehicles are coming under the jurisdiction of
the Transport Department, which is open all the 24 hours, the shift –in –charge will get
in touch with the in charge of the Transport Department, who will in turn make
arrangements to send a messenger to the Declarer of Emergency. In case the first
Declarer is not available or is out of station, as the case may be, due to some reason or
the other, the Shift –in –charge or the messenger, will get in touch with the second or
the subsequent Declarer of Emergency in order of priority given in the above section.
c) Announcing of Emergency
The Declarer of Emergency has to immediately come to the place of work, assess the
situation, and act in an appropriate way. He may decide that emergency may be declared in
one or two sections. On the other hand, he may feel that the emergency is more serious
and the whole plant is to be whole plant. To indicate to the workers and other living in the
vicinity that an emergency will continue as “Regular declarer of the emergency”. The
Deputy Superintendent of Police will have to get in touch with the superintendent of Police
and when he comes, he will have to look after the Emergency in the capacity as declarer.
7.3.3 Control of Emergency
The emergency has to be controlled from one particular spot. This spot should be away
from the likely points of accident, should be easily accessible to workers / officers / police /
Ambulance and also there should be easy asphalted access from the factory to the Control
Room.
Facilities at the Control Room
Factory Layout Plan
Emergency telephone numbers;
General telephone numbers;
Emergency lighting;
Hooters
Daily number of people working in hazardous area;
Population around the factory;
Hot lines to the District Magistrate, Police Control Room, Fire brigade, antidotes and
telephone numbers of hospitals etc.,
Information regarding dispersion and
Safety equipment.
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Apart from the above information, the control rooms shall have a list of possible accidents
and the number of people to be affected in each of possible accident displayed on daily
basis depending on the predominant wind direction and weather conditions.
The Control room shall not be on the main road as it is likely that there will be traffic
congestion at these points. This should make the task of controlling the Emergency as well
as controlling the traffic easier.
After the assembly of plant workers at the control room suitable evacuation and plant shut
down methodology is to be adopted.
7.3.4 Emergency Fire Fighting Equipment
The industry will provide firefighting facilities in the industry in order to tackle the
emergency firefighting:
Adequate number of fire extinguishers as per the factory rules shall be provided.
A storage sump exclusively for storing water for meeting emergency fire conditions will
be provided with necessary piping and pumping facilities;
Adequate number of safety showers and eye wash fountains in the plant as per the
factory rules shall be provided.
Regular firefighting and safety training shall be imparted to the employees.
7.3.5 Evacuation of Workers and Plant Shut Down
When the emergency is declared, all workers should leave their places of work and reach
the safe place has been recognized as the Main Gate of the Plant. However in confusion
and excitement, the workers may not exactly know which path may not be visible.
Further when the emergency is in the same section in which a particular worker is
working; there will be so much smoke or toxic fumes that it may be difficult for him to
find the path or exit and he will require some special guidance. Thus it is very necessary
that there are guide paths for the workers to follow in case of emergency so that they
can reach the main gate in safe condition. The especial guide paths with an emergency
lighting shall be drawn and workers will be made familiar with them. It may so happen
that these paths fall in the way of toxic fumes. Thus alternate paths have also been
decided upon.
There may be some workers who could be hurt and/ or unable to come out. To help
them, a special team has to be selected on voluntary basis. This team is quite a large one
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because not all its voluntary members will be available in one shift. The appropriate
members who should send this team with hooters to the factory area along with
necessary safety equipment which will always be kept ready for use in the main control
room. This team shall pick up those workers who have been hurt and make
arrangements to bring them to safe place near the main gate.
At the gate it there shall be arrangement for counting of the workmen reporting there. In
some cases, it may so happen that in the excitement of the emergency some workmen
may go away without reporting at the main gate, in spite of the fact the training being
given to them to report at the main gate. All the workers who have arrived at the main
gate. All the workers who have arrived at the main gate should be counted against the
number which had entered. The total number consists of not only the workers but also
the visitors and contract laborers (not only associated with the factory but also
associated with the contractors).
When the injured workers are brought to the main gate, they have to be shifted to the
hospitals with or without the help of police. For this, arrangements will be made for a
number of vehicles, ambulances etc.
If outside public in the nearby villages are affected, their evacuation shall be done by
police. The local controller of emergency shall also arrange for guarding the property and
law and order control. The police shall also arrange for temporary shelter and food and
will also make arrangements to take the public back to their residences, after the
emergency situation has been controlled.
It is absolutely necessary that the plant is shut down immediately. For the shutting down
of the plant, the procedure to be followed is described below.
7.4 Disaster Control Philosophy
The principal strategy of DMP is "Prevention" of identified major hazards. The
"Identification" of the hazards will employ one or more of the techniques [e.g. Hazard and
Operability Study (HAZOP), accident consequence analysis etc.]. Since these hazards can
occur only in the event of loss of containment, one of the key objectives of technology
selection, project engineering, construction, commissioning, and operation is "Total and
Consistent Quality Assurance". The Project Authority will be committed to this strategy
right from the conceptual stage of the plant so that the objective of prevention can have
ample opportunities to mature and be realized in practice.
The DMP or Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) will consist of:
On-site Emergency Plan
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Off-site Emergency Plan
Disaster Management Plan preparation under the headlines of On-site Emergency Plan
and Off-site Emergency Plan is in consonance with the guidelines laid by the Ministry of
Environment and Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) which states that the "Occupier"
of the facility is responsible for the development of the On-site Emergency Plan. The Off-
site Emergency Plan should be developed by the Government (District Authorities).
7.4.1 On-Site Emergency Management
The following section describes methodology to deal with On-site emergency. The
responsibilities of the various plant personnel are also indicated.
7.4.1.1 Duties of personnel if fire occurs
A) Chief Co-coordinator
Functions
He will declare the state of emergency to everyone concerned, especially to people
above him and to the senior officials of the organizations whose help will be required
He will be in constant contact with the Deputy Chief Co-coordinator
1. He will receive all information regarding the emergency from the disaster site 2. He will receive information regarding additional resources requirement from site 3. He will convey necessary instructions to the site - Dy. Chief Co-ordinator 4. He will authorize evacuation of personnel through Dy. Chief Co-ordinator 5. He will authorize additional resources mobilization through his advisors 6. He will approve release of information regarding disasters to outside agencies
through Administration Advisor B) Special Advisor (Location: Main Control Center)
Functions
If the chief Coordinator is not in the spot then he is in charge of the crisis control room
1. He is communicator between the chief Co-coordinator higher up like Director, C. & M. D., Ministry, etc.
2. He is Coordinating with Air force, Navy and air freighting special equipment / material will be done by the special advisor on behalf of the chief advisor
C) Technical Advisor
Functions
1. Collection of data and analysis all the available data regarding the disaster 2. He is the communicator between Dy. Chief Co-ordinator through Chief Co-
ordinator 3. He is responsible for maintenance of logbook record charts etc. will be in his
custody 4. Any queries that regarding chemical, or any oils will be answered through him
D) Material coordinator
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Functions
1) He is responsible and regularize for procurements being made on an emergency basis.
2) He will inform about all purchases to finance advisor
E) Finance Advisor
Functions:
1. He is responsible for all finance-related work such as excise and customs, insurance
formalities and FR cashier and relating emergency cash if required
F) Administration Advisor
Functions
1. He takes approval from the chief co-ordinator and will inform the press and outside
agencies regarding disaster.
2. He will arrange catering and inform through welfare officer regarding communication
to relative of the injured employees
3. When approved by the chief co-ordinator he will supervise to as of the emergency
location with the press/Govt. agencies along with the Technical advisor.
4. He arranges CISF for transport and additional manpower.
G) Fire and Safety Coordinator
Function
1. On arrival at the scene, he will evaluate the strategy chalked out by Manager-Fire & Safety / Manager-Shift and coordinate with Civil Fire Brigade for effective control
2. Co-ordinate with Dy. Chief Co-ordinator for actions as deemed necessary, which will assist the operations department to carry out their activities safety
3. Assess the need of rescue operation and make arrangements for the same 4. Co-ordinate with Medical Adviser for ambulance and other medical assistance as may
be necessary 5. Ensure that all the assigned personnel as mentioned above are carrying out their duties
and whenever any extra assistance is required makes arrangements for the same 6. Co-ordinate with Manager-PR, for meeting the Press and members of public, if called 7. Ensure adequacy of men and equipment at the scene and proposed plant premises. If
required, make arrangements for getting necessary assistance 8. Make arrangements for replacements of unwanted equipment/damaged equipment
from the scene Ensure that all approaches are clear and safe and deploy men and equipment in a coordinated fashion
9. Provide necessary expert guidance for firefighting operation and carry out further operations safety
10. If any maintenance assistance is required, liaises with Maintenance Co-ordinator for the same
Functions of medical centre
1. Co-ordinate Ambulance Activities
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2. Get blood donors
3. Give First Aid
4. Get more ambulance
5. Hospital Co-ordination
6. Keep Statistics of injured employees
1. Take out History Cards of injured employees
2. Procure additional medicines/bandages Etc.
Functions of medical advisor
1. He will be stationed at the dispensary
2. He will be coordinating with first aid & ambulance teams
3. He will direct ambulances to the designated hospitals
4. He will be talking to different Hospitals in the city regarding admission to injured
5. He will call more Doctors to the factory if found necessary
6. He will consult with other specialists whenever necessary
7. He will arrange for outside ambulances and first aider if the situation calls for
Actions to be taken by Shift security chief
A: Function of Security Center
1. Receive and co-ordinate with police
2. To give direction to incoming external help
3. Cordon off area and provide road blocks as per instruction
4. Review evacuation procedure with police
5. Control incoming traffic, traffic near main gate & outgoing movements
6. Mobilize available vehicles
7. Get additional help from barricks
Actions to be taken by External Centre
A: Function of Mechanical center
1. Arrange available transport at different locations.
2. Arrange the additional vehicles.
3. Mobile Canteen.
4. Emergency maintenance jobs.
B: Function of Transport Officer
1. Will mobile all the available vehicles and drivers
2. He will rent vehicles as needed
3. Will arrange for vehicles requirement of plant coordinator, chief coordinator
A typical organogram for the on–site emergency plan is shown in Figure -7.2
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Figure 7.2: Typical organogram for onsite emergency management plan
7.4.2 Offsite Emergency Plan
The off-site emergency plan begins beyond the premises of the plant. The possible
impact on the immediate vicinity of the plant when emergency condition arises from
the proposed plant. The responsibilities of various personnel and departments are as
given below:-
7.4.2.1 Responsibilities of the Police
Communicate the information about the mishap to the other agencies.
Provide support to the other agencies as required.
Traffic management by cordoning of the area.
Arrange the evacuation of people.
7.4.2.2 Responsibilities of the fire brigade
Site Controller
Emergency Control
Safety Officer
Incident Controller Rail/Road
Incident Controller for Operations
Emergency Coordinator (Rescue, Fire
Fighting) Emergency Coordinator
(Medical Mutual Aid, Transport & Communication) Emergency
coordinator (essential services)
Shift In charge
Shift In charge
Shift In charge Operator
Operator
Security Personnel
First Aid Transport, Driver
Telephone Operator
Electrician Pump Operator
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Fighting fire and preventing the spread.
Plugging the leaks of the chemicals, reducing the effects of gases and fumes.
Rescue and salvage operation.
7.4.2.3 Medical /Ambulance
First aid to persons affected.
Medical treatment.
7.4.2.4 Technical (Factory Inspectorate, Pollution Board, Technical experts from industry,
research and training institution)
Furnish all the technical information to emergency services as required.
Investigate the causes of disaster.
Suggest the preventive measures for future action.
7.4.2.5 Rehabilitation (Local authorities and district administration)
Provide emergency control center in the area with facilities for directing, co-
ordinating emergency control activities.
Arrange for rehabilitation of persons evacuated and arrange for food, medical,
hygienic requirements.
Arrange for transportation for evacuation from residential location when required.
Maintain communication facilities and conditions with the help of the telephone
department.
7.4.2.6 Measures to Be Taken During the Emergency
The plant authorities shall immediately send messages to the administration in case
the hazard is likely to spread beyond the plant.
The concerned Police officers along with civic officials shall make arrangements for
evacuation of the people from the villages to the safer areas.
The plant authorities shall extend the technical support in containing the damage.
Most importantly, it is the responsibility of the officials of the plant that the people
don’t get panicky.
After, all the hazard is totally curbed, people may be brought back to their
respective villages.
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A typical organogram for the off –site emergency plan is shown in Figure 7.3
Figure 7.3: Typical Organogram for off-site emergency management plan
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Chapter VIII: Project Benefits
8.1 Proponent approach towards the Project
The present crushing capacity of Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugar LLP is 2500 TCD. The
Factory has proposed cogeneration plant of capacity 20.5 MW and 45 KLPD distillery.
8.2 Project Benefits
8.2.1 Improvements in the physical infrastructure
The industry is established in the rural region of the state. The establishment of industry
will provide direct and indirect employment to more than 100 local rural persons. Major
part of these labors will be mainly from local villagers who are expected to engage
themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will enhance their income and
lead to overall economic growth of the area.
It helps to sustain the development of this area including further development of physical
infrastructural facilities.
The following physical infrastructure facilities will improve due to proposed project.
Road transport facilities
The road connectivity will get improved due to the industry. This improved physical
infrastructure will be an added facility to the community for surface transport.
Water supply
Efforts will be more focused on recycling of wastewater after adequate treatment.
Thus water extraction for process will be minimized.
8.2.2 Improvements in the social infrastructure
The industry is in the rural region. Creation of job opportunity and other business
activity will improve the economy and attitude of the public towards education and
health. This may result in the creation of additional education and health care facilities
in this rural area.
The proposed project will change the pattern of demand of various items of food and
non-food products. It will help to generate sufficient income to local people.
Living in harmony is an important aspect of the society. This can happen only if, all the
components are comfortably placed. Persons engaged in their respective vocation and
accruing job satisfaction leads to this. This will become possible by this venture.
Rural sector economy is generally growing slow because of lack of amenities and
facilities. Proposed project helps to provide steady support of money-flow, such
utilities can come to that area and sustain.
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This improved physical infrastructure will increase purchasing power of the farmers.
They will be able to invest in modern agricultural practices.
The sugar factory has already initiated several activities for the development of the
region. Some of the prime activities are as follows.
It is providing good quality seed (Cane) material and fertilizers to member farmers.
It is providing training to the farmers
It has established an educational facility through which academic as well as technical
education has been made available to the nearby students.
In short, many developmental activities took place due to the establishment of sugar
factory. The sugar factory is also determined and dedicated for the economic and
social development of the region and initiate and continues many social
developmental activities in the region. Some prime benefits of the project are
highlighted below
It will develop economy brings with literacy and healthy living. Ultimately educational
and health level will increases, if there is confirm income source.
8.2.3 Employment Potential
The industry will be established in the rural region of the state.
8.2.4 Advantages of distillery and cogeneration
Readily available infrastructure, fuel, & water for renewable energy power generation
project.
Provides an initiative to sugar mill to concentrate more on conservation of energy &
reduction of operating cost, thereby improving their profitability of operation.
Saves the expenditure on safe storage and disposal of bagasse.
Benefits of quick return on biomass power capital investment and generation of
additional revenue.
Entire integrated project is proposed to be set up based on the stand-alone
commercial viability of each component of the project.
Distillery is aimed to improve the technical efficiency of the unit in terms of steam
utilization and power consumption.
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CHAPTER IX: ENVIRONMENT COST BENEFITS ANALYSIS
9.1 Environmental Benefits
A large demand is anticipated for alcohol as a fuel. Alcohol is an eco-friendly product
and is a substitute to the imported petroleum.
Indeed fuel ethanol production has been promoted for a variety of reasons as
mentioned below,
It has less severe impact on the environment than conventional gasoline and less
dangerous to health. Oxygenates are compounds such as alcohols or ethers which
contain oxygen in their molecular structure. Oxygenated fuels tend to give a more
complete combustion of its carbon to carbon dioxide (rather than monoxide) which leads
to reduced air pollution from exhaust emissions.
It reduces the dependence on oil imports.
It helps to maintain rural economy.
Factory proposes zero liquid discharge method for waste water treatment. Maximum
waste water will be recycled back into the system.
Proposed sugar factory will not require fresh water for its operation; instead that it is
providing water to the distillery.
Factory proposes to install Multiple Effect evaporator followed by Incineration boiler.
Advantages are as follows
Production of steam and power generation.
Reduction in air pollution as compared to coal based boiler.
Reduction in water pollution and achieve zero discharge in inland surface water.
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CHAPTER X: ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Introduction
The objective of Environment Management Plan (EMP) is to conserve resources,
minimize waste generation, treatment of wastes and protect natural properties.
Commitment and Policy: of proposed project will strive to provide and implement the
Environmental Management Plan that incorporates all issues related to air, land and
water.
Planning: This includes identification of environmental impacts, legal requirements
and setting environmental objectives.
Implementation: This comprises of resources available to the developers,
accountability of contractors, training of operational staff associated with
environmental control facilities and documentation of measures to be taken
Measurement and Evaluation: This includes monitoring, corrective actions, and
record keeping.
During study of the environmental attributes it was seen that all the aspects would be
considered to promote the better development in case of future aspects of project as
well as environmental aspects.
The Factory management will take all the necessary steps to control and mitigate the
environmental pollution in the designing stage of the project. While implementing the
project factory will follow guidelines specified by CPCB under the Corporate
Environment responsibility (CER) for project. The EMP task will likely be administered by
the Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Department/ Environment department, who
will have the authority where necessary to “stop the job” if an environmentally
detrimental activity is being conducted. The EMP operation/implementation will be the
responsibility of the “HSE Officer (health, safety, and environment officers)”, who will be
coordinating, arranging the collection and reporting of the results of all emissions,
ambient air quality, noise and water quality monitoring.
10.2 Environmental management during construction phase
The construction activities of the proposed unit will increase in dust concentrations and
fugitive emission due to vehicles movement. The following control measures are
recommended to mitigate the probable adverse impacts.
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Table 10.1 Environment management Plan implantation during construction phase
Aspect Description Responsibility Record
Site preparation
Regular sprinkling of water around vulnerable areas of the construction sites to control the dust spread or emission into the atmosphere. Excavated soil will be covered with tarpaulin sheet or shall be kept in such way that dust emission will be avoided.
Top excavated soil be used in greenbelt development, rest hard rock will be used in leveling work. First Aid facilities shall be made available during construction
Construction supervisor/ Contractor
Safety officer/ Site Engineer
Water consumption
Excavated soil quantity and utilization
Noise No idling of machine shall be allowed during construction activities Night time construction activities and vehicular movement shall not be allowed.
Personal protective equipment like ear muffs or ear plugs, masks etc. will be provided to workers who will be exposed to high noise.
Construction supervisor/ Contractor
Safety officer/ Site Engineer
Vehicular and construction equipment check record
Construction equipment and waste
Transport vehicles as well as transport routes should be properly maintained during whole construction phase to minimize smoke / dust emission from vehicle exhausts and unpaved roads.
Composite solid wastes including metal scrape, earthwork, other wastes, getting generated in construction process should be disposed as per construction waste disposal guidelines.
Construction supervisor/ Contractor
Safety officer/ Site Engineer
Record of transport vehicles Generation of solid waste, its storage and its disposal
Site security and
Construction site has a potential hazardous environment. To
Construction supervisor/
Record and Supervision of Personal
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Aspect Description Responsibility Record
Occupational Health
ensure that the local inhabitants are not exposed to these hazards, the site shall be secured by fencing and manned entry points. It will be fully illuminated during nighttime
Necessary care will be taken as per the safety norms for the storage of the chemical products
Contractor will supervise the safe working of their employees.
Barricades and fences are provided around the construction area personnel protective equipment’s e.g. safety helmet, goggles, gumshoes, etc. will be provided to the workers.
Accidental spill of oils from construction equipment and storage sites will be prevented.
Tree plantation will be undertaken during the construction phase for to prevent air pollution will be nullify in operation phase of the project.
Personal Protective Equipment like ear muffs or ear plugs, masks etc. will be provided to workers who will be exposed to high noise.
First Aid facilities shall be made available during construction.
All necessary infrastructural services like water, drainage facilities and electrification will be provided as per requirement
Drainage network will be properly channelized. Storm water drainage will be developed properly. This network will be checked & maintained regularly.
Contractor
Safety officer/ Site Engineer
protective equipment’s provided
Record of all safety signs
Record of First aid kits
Record of medical check up
Supervision and record of good house keeping
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Aspect Description Responsibility Record
Greenbelt development
Green belt shall be develop well before starting construction.
Green cover shall be increase all around factory in in tiers and along the road with native and thick canopy forming plants.
Green belt development will help to reduce Air and Noise pollution during construction works
Construction supervisor/ Contractor
Safety officer/ Site Engineer
Record of planting, mainly around the factory supervision on irrigation facility and survival rate.
10.3 Environment Management Plan for Operation Phase
Table 10.2: Detailed EMP is described below for various environmental parameters.
S.N. Activity Responsibility Implementation Record
1. Water Pollution Control devices
Process manager/ Distillery manger/ Environment Officer / Biogas & composting in-charge
Commissioning of Compost yard, CPU, CSTR (biogas unit), Spent wash lagoon (as per CREP guidelines as mentioned in 10.3.1) during Construction Spent wash (Max 380-400 m3/d) treatment though Bio-methanation followed by MEE and bio-composting. Spent lees, cooling tower and boiler blow down will be treated in Condensate polishing unit. Sewage will be disposed through existing sugar ETP and septic tank via soak pit.
Monitoring of wastewater Treatment All the treated effluents will be monitored regularly for flow rate and its characteristics in order to assess the performance of the CPU. Appropriate measures will be taken if the treated effluent quality does not conform to the permissible limits. Record of ETP & CPU performance. Spent wash, spent lees, condensate analysis. Record of third party laboratory analysis report analysis. Regular inspection record, control & necessary maintenance for reduction of evaporation loss and blow down from cooling system, Optimization of COC in cooling system.
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S.N. Activity Responsibility Implementation Record
2. Air Pollution Control devices
Process manager/ Distillery manger/ Environment Officer
Commissioning of boiler, ESP, wet scrubber before starting operation.
Ambient Monitoring record. Maintains record for storage of raw material and products. The emissions from the stack will be monitored continuously for exit concentration of the suspended particulate matter, SO2 µg/m3 and NOx µg/m3.
Sampling ports will be provided in the stacks as per CPCB guidelines. If the concentration of these pollutants exceeds the limits, necessary control measures will be taken.
3. Noise pollution
Process manager/ Distillery manger/ Environment Officer
Immediate during Operation
Record of noise monitoring. The workers working in the high noise areas like Boiler house, Distillation, MEE, feed pumps, steam generation plant and turbo generator area will be provided with ear muffs/ear plugs. The silencers and mufflers of the individual machines will be regularly checked Supervision record for Acoustic enclosure to DG, Boiler, insulation.
4. Solid waste Management
Process manager/ Distillery manger/ Environment Officer
Immediate during operation
Records of generation of solid waste. Supervision record of storage and disposal solid waste.
5. Greenbelt developm
Process manager/
Gradually during Operation Record of planting/number of plants planted and to be
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S.N. Activity Responsibility Implementation Record
ent
Distillery manger/ Environment Officer
plant, supervision on irrigation facility and survival rate ensuring healthy and dense greenbelt. Greenbelt development plan is described in section 10.5.
6. Rainwater harvesting and storm water drainage
Process manager/ Distillery manger/ Environment Officer
Gradually during construction and operation. Storm water drainage system will consist of well-designed network of open surface drains with rainwater harvesting pits. RWH structures will be provided to harvest the rain water from roof TOP and plant area.
The collected rain water will be utilized for plant uses to optimize the raw water requirement. The surface water run-off from the main plant area would be led to a sump for settling and the over flow would be collected in the common water basin for Industrial uses.
Tentative Rainwater Harvesting System (RWHS) designs and construction details are given in section 10.3.2.
Record of rainwater harvesting plan in the factory, collection lines provided and location of the same.
Record of supervision and maintenance.
Monitoring of rainwater system to avoid mixing of effluent into storm water,
7. Occupational Health and Safety
Process manager/ Distillery manger/ Environment
During Operation Record and Supervision of Personal protective equipment’s provided. Record of all safety signs. Record of First aid kits
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S.N. Activity Responsibility Implementation Record
Officer Record of medical check up
Supervision and record of good housekeeping. Record ad supervision of firefighting equipment’s provided and its regular check/
8. CER Chairman/Managing Director /Process manager/ Distillery manger/ Environment Officer
During Operation Maintain separate record of CER activity carried out year wise and amount spent on that.
9. Resource saving, Recycle/ Recovery
Process manager/ Distillery manger/ Environment Officer
During Operation Reuse of process water, recycling of ETP treated water, recycling of used oil, use of power saving equipment’s, natural ventilation designs in construction phase, use of thermal insulations wherever heat transfer is anticipated, CFL lighting, photosensitive switches, rainwater harvesting
10.4 Rain water harvesting and storm water management
Rain water harvesting is the collection rainwater from the surfaces on which it falls.
Proponent has already implemented of rainwater harvesting program. The collected rain water
is the source of water for whole industry.
Storm water Drainage Line: Based on the rainfall intensity of the proposed area, storm water
drainage system will be designed at the construction stage of the project. Storm water
drainage system will consist of well-designed network of open surface drains with rainwater
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harvesting pond. A separate drainage system will be provided in which plant effluent will not
be mixed.
Conduits: Pipes are used to carry rain water from catchment to the recharge pond, passing
through filter. A valve will be put at the end of wall for first flushing.
Filter: Sand Filter are used to remove suspended pollutants from the rainwater.
Industry has been practicing roof top rain water harvesting in industrial shed, go downs,
through nine Collection pipes. The out let pipes are to be directly connected to separate
drainage and rainwater pond. The first storm water is to be let out of the system. After
considerable flushing of rain water with dust and waste material during first storm, the roof
top water is to be let out into the recharge structure. Existing 1 rainwater pond of capacity
180000 CMD. Rainwater collection pipes and storage tank and storm water drainage network
is shown in Plant layout which is given in Chapter II.
Storm water management
Storm water drainage system will be designed at the construction stage of the project. Storm
water drainage system will consist of well-designed network of open surface drains with
rainwater harvesting pits. A separate drainage system will be provided in which plant effluent
will not be mixed.
Rainwater harvesting quantification
Rainwater harvesting potential can be calculated using below given formula
Harvesting potential = Catchment Area (m2) * Runoff Coefficient *Annual Rainfall (mm)
Average annual rainfall of Parbhani District is 888.5 mm. Catchment area and rainwater
harvesting potential calculations is given in below table.
Table 10.3: Total run off and rain water harvesting potential in whole factory premises
Particulates Area Quantity
Catchment area (m2) Rooftop area of Sugar and Distillery area 12000
Landscape area(soft cape) 131684
Open area 163614
Road area 32172
Run off co-efficient Rooftop area 0.95
Landscape area(soft cape) 0.6
Road (Paved area) 0.7
Open area 0.8
Harvesting potential (m3) Rooftop area 10128900
Landscape area(soft cape) 70200740.4
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Particulates Area Quantity
Road area 20009375.4
Open area 116296831.2
10.5 Greenbelt development Plan
Greenbelt will be developed along the periphery of the project area, along roads, around each separate
unit, around cane yard, compost yard and around ETP. Factory has developed greenbelt on 27.92 acres.
Additional green belt will be develop on 4.62 acres. The following characteristics have been taken into
consideration while selecting plant species.
Fast growing
Thick canopy cover
Perennial and ever green
Large leaf area
Preferably Indigenous
Resistant to pollutants and should maintain ecological balance for soil and geo-hydrological
conditions of the region.
Abundance of surfaces on bark and foliage through roughness of bark, epidermal outgrowth
on petioles, abundance of auxiliary hairs, hairs or scales on laminar surfaces and protected
stomata (by wax, arches, rings, hairs, etc.)
Total number of trees in the factory premises will be 27220. There are around 15000
trees/shrubs/herbs present in the existing premises. Additional ~10000-12000 trees will be planted in
the premises.
Greenbelt will be as developed as follows,
Trees growing up to 5 m or more will be planted along the plant premises and along the
road sides
8-10 m width green belt all along the border
Tree plantation on both sides of interior roads in the premise.
The spacing between the trees will be maintained slightly less than the normal spaces, so
that the trees will grow vertically and slightly increase the effective height of the green belt.
Since the trunks of the tall trees are generally devoid of foliage, it will be useful to have
shrubs in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion.
Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling rows around the project site.
The small trees (<10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows (towards plant side) of
the green belt. The tall trees (>10 m height) will be planted in the outer three rows (away
from plant side).
Trees should be planted along road sides, to arrest auto-exhaust and noise pollution.
Table 10.4: Planned Schedule for greenbelt development
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Trees interspacing
Planned scheduled
Tree density/ 100 m2
Size/type Location Providing
3 x 3 m 2020-21
25 Shrubs, small and medium trees
Periphery of the industrial area. Along the road Near storage tanks, process area
Plan to develop well designed greenbelt as per CPCB guidelines
Irrigation facility for greenbelt
Monitoring survival rate
Providing fertilizers
Table 10.5: List of Plant Species for Plantations
Sr. No. Species Name Local Name Habit
1. Azadirachta indica Linn. Neem Tree
2. Butea monosperma L. Palas Tree
3. Cassia fistula Bahava Tree
4. Ficus benghalensis L. Wad Tree
5. Ficus racemosa L. Umbar Tree
6. Ficus religiosa L. Pimpal Tree
7. Millingtonia hortensis Indian Cork Tree
8. Michelia champaca Son chafa Tree
9. Gardenia jasminoides Anant Tree
10. Mimusops elengi Bakul Tree
11. Murraya paniculata Kunti/Kamini Tree
12. Plumeria Rubra Red chafa Tree
13. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Karanj Tree
14. Ravenala madagascariensis Travellers palm Tree
15. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jambhul Tree
16. Terminalia catappa L. Deshi Badam Tree
17. Terminalia arjuna Arjun
List of Some Hedge Plants
18. Arabian Jasmine Butt mogara Shrub
19. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Jaswand Shrub
20. Jasminum sambac Mogara Shrub
21. Justicia adhatoda L. Adulsa Shrub
22. Nerium indicum Mill. Kanher Shrub
23. Tecoma stans (L.) Tabobia/Phutani Shrub
24. Ocimum americanum L. Ran Tulas Herb
25. Vitex negundo Nirgundi Shrub
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10.6 Fire Fighting & Protection System
The firefighting system will be designed in conformity with the recommendations of the
Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) of Insurance Association of India. While designing the
fire protection systems for this power station its extreme ambient conditions need
special attention. Codes and Standards of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
will be followed, as applicable. The different types of fire protection / detection system
envisaged for the entire project are given below.
Hydrant System for entire area of power plant.
High Velocity Water Spray System (HVWS) for Generator Transformer (GT), Unit
Auxiliary transformer (UAT), Station Transformer (ST), and turbine lube oil canal pipe
lines in main plant, Boiler burner front, diesel oil tank of DG set, main lube oil tank,
clean and dirty lube oil tanks.
Medium Velocity Water spray system – Cable gallery / Cable spreader room, bagasse
conveyors, Transfer points and F.O. pumping station and F.O. tanks.
Foam system for Fuel oil tanks.
Portable and mobile fire extinguishers for entire plant.
Fire tenders (minimum 2 nos.).
Inert Gas System for Central Control Room, Control Equipment Room, Computer
Room and UPS Room in the TG building.
Fixed Foam System: This system is provided for LDO and HFO storage tanks. The
water for the foam system will be tapped from the Hydrant system.
Inert gas system: Inert gas system will automatically detect and suppress fire within a
protected area. The system will be a total flooding fire suppression system with
automatic detection and/or manual release capability. Complete system design will
be in accordance with NFPA. The inert gas system will be generally provided above
false and below false ceiling of Central Control room, UPS Room, Control equipment
room and Computer room.
Fire Detection and alarm system
Fire Detection and alarm system will be provided for all Central Control room, Control
Equipment Room, battery rooms, all switchgear rooms / MCC rooms, Cable spreader
room and Computer rooms located in Power block area and in other auxiliary buildings.
A microprocessor-based Fire Detection and Alarm system shall be provided for
the entire plant area consisting of Intelligent Analog Addressable type detectors. The
system will consist of a central monitoring station and the main Fire Alarm Panel (FAP)
located in unit control room and one fire alarm and control panel and repeater panel
provided in the fire station office
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An industrial siren will be installed in the turbine generator building. The siren shall
have an audible range of 3 km and produce a minimum sound level of 80 dB (A) above
any other noise likely to persist for a period longer than 30 seconds. Additionally all
exit routes and hallways in each occupied building shall be provided with sounders and
flash light to facilitate safe evacuation in case of fire in the area. All necessary
instruction and warning plates will be displayed.
10.7 CER activities Plan
In accordance with the circular issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEF&CC) dated May 01, 2018 and subsequent circular of June 19, 2018 on Corporate
Environment Responsibility. CER cost will be 2% of the total project cost. Estimated cost of the
project is 115.84 Cr and accordingly CER activities cost will be 2.3 Cr.
Proposed activities and yearwise action plan is given below
Lighting by LED bulb / solar street lamps.
Drinking water supply
Water shed management in the area
Tree plantation
Construction of Road
Table 10.5: CER activity action plan
CER activity 1921-22 (Lacs)
2022-23 (Lacs)
2023-24 (Lacs)
Total (Lacs)
Lighting by LED bulb/ solar panels 30 25 25 80
Watershed programs 40 25 10 75
Providing water filters 15 10 5 30
Tree plantation 10 10 5 25
Drinking water facilities/storage tanks 10 5 5 20
Total 105 75 50 230
10. 8 Environment Management Cell (EMC)
Environmental Management Cell will be established, which will be supervised and
controlled by an independent Plant Manager supported by a team of technically
qualified personnel apart from other operating staff.
It will be the responsibility of this cell to supervise the monitoring of environmental
attributes viz. ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level etc. either
departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever necessary. In case the
monitored results of environmental contaminants are found to exceed the standard
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limits, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial measures and get
them implemented.
Figure 10.3: Environment Monitoring Cell
Table 10.6: Environment Monitoring Cell and its responsibilities
Sr. No. Members Number
Responsibility
1. General Manger One Supervision of overall implementation of environment management in the factory.
2. Distillery Manager One Implementation of mitigation measures considering all environment components.
3. Environment Officer
One Implementation of mitigation measures considering all environment components, Health and safety of the workers. Technical advisory for all legal issues of environment as well as implementation of Environment Management in the Factory. Arranging the training programs for staff. Monitoring of efficiency of pollution control equipment’s, Water and energy conservation measures, Maintenance, supervision on housekeeping, ETP, Supervision and record keeping of compliance of all regulatory authorities.
4. Lab chemist One Monitor the work environment, health and safety of the workers. Implementation of occupational health and safety policies, program, procedures. Undertaking the Awareness activities.
General Manager
Distillery Manager
EHS head/Environment Officer
Lab chemist
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10.8.1 Responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell
The EMC has the responsibility to supervise all the activities in the plant to ensure that
those are being carried out as per the standard operating procedure to avoid any type
harm to the environment. The EMC also undertake periodical monitoring or survey of
various environmental parameters including monitoring and analysis of effluent, air,
water and noise to ensure that these parameters are maintained within the prescribed
limits. If any deviation observed, they will inform to initiate corrective action by the
concern department or they will do themselves if required.
They also undertake the physical survey of the green belt to ensure required growth and
survival rate of the plant. They will also inform the concern department for corrective
action if any to have proper growth of the plants.
Environmental monitoring: EMC will ensure that pollution is well below the prescribed
limits or there is no much difference between the present concentrations and baseline
data. If wide difference is observed then they will need to initiate required corrective
action either by optimizing the treatment process or by providing equipment or
improving the performance of existing pollution controls equipment. In case the results
indicate parameters exceeding the prescribed limits, remedial actions will be taken
through the concerned plant people. The actual operation and maintenance of pollution
control equipment will be the responsibility of respective department head or a plant in
charge.
Legal and statutory compliance: EMC will also supervise the work of other department
pertaining to the activities of preparation of environment statement report,
environment audit, Water Cess return and consent application as per the requirement
under various Rules and regulations. They will also guide the HODs of individual
department to fulfill the statutory requirements under various acts and applicable rules.
Following Rules shall be applicable to the facility:
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
Hazardous and Other Waste (Handling and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2016
The Environment Protection Act, 1986
Explosive Act 1884 & the Explosive Rules, 2008
E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016
Documentation: The cell will also be responsible for maintaining the records of data,
documents and information in line with the legislative requirement and will regularly
furnish the same to the concern statutory authorities.
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10.9 Post Clearance Monitoring Protocol
After grant of environmental clearance by the MoEFCC, half yearly compliance reports
will be submitted in hard and soft copies to the concerned regional MoEFCC office on 1st
Oct and 1st April of each calendar year with respect to EC conditions. All such
compliance reports submitted will be the public documents. Copies of the same will be
made available to the stakeholder upon the request. Existing factory has submitted all
compliance to the regional MoEFCC office.
10.10 Environment Management Cost
Environment Management cost is depicted as under,
Table 10.7: Environment Management Cost
Sr. No Description Capital Cost (Rs. Cr.)
Recurring Cost (Rs. Cr.)
9. Air Pollution Control (ESP and stack, Ash handling system) 6.3 0.01
10. Water Pollution Control (CPU) 1.5 0.05
11. Solid waste Management 0.05 0.05
12. Environmental Monitoring and Management 0.05 0.03
13. Rainwater Harvesting 0.15 0.05
14. Occupational Health 0.05 0.05
15. Green belt development 0.2 0.05
16. Total 8.3 0.29
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CHAPTER XI: SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION
11.1 Project in brief
Proposed project is of new 45 KLPD Molasses/sugarcane juice based Distillery and 20.5
MW cogeneration power plant. As per EIA notification 2006 and its amendment
thereof, project requires environmental clearance and it is fall under Cat ‘B’,
Cogeneration activity-1(d) Category “B” and Distillery activity-5(g) (All molasses ≤100
KLPD based on distillery).
Shree Laxmi Narshinha Sugars LLP (SLNSLLP) is located at Amdapur, Post. Singnapur.
Tal. & Dist. Parbhani, 431402 and recently operating 2500 TCD sugar.
11.2 Project information in brief
Table 11.1: Salient features of integrated project
# Particulate Description
1.
Project Proposed 45 KLPD Molasses/Sugarcane Juice based Distillery/ Ethanol plant & 20.5 MW Cogeneration Plant of Shree Laxmi Narsinha Sugars LLP
2. Product Distillery: ENA/RS/AA/Ethanol of 45 KLPD (One at a time) Cogeneration: Proposed 20.5 MW
3. Existing 2500 TCD Sugar (TPD) (13% on cane)
325
Bagasse (TPD) (30%) 750
Press mud (TPD) (4.0%) 100
Molasses (TPD) (4.5%) 112.5
B heavy molasses (6.5%) (TPD) 162.5
4. Operation days Sugar factory season: 160 days Cogeneration : 160 days, Distillery: Total 270 days
5. Molasses requirement Molasses generation(B-heavy) 162.5 TPD Molasses requirement for distillery Sugarcane juice 800-1000 MTD OR
6. Sugarcane juice (MTD) from Sugar cane 1000 TCD to Ethanol production in season
800-1000
7. Water requirement Total fresh water for 45 KLPD Distillery 390 CMD
8. Source of water Own rainwater harvesting Tank of capacity 180000 CMD
9. Boiler Existing Sugar Existing boiler 2X32 TPH with T.G 2.5 MW power generation
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Proposed 45 KLPD Distillery Boiler 15 TPH Proposed Cogeneration Boiler 90 TPH with 18.0 MW TG Hence total Power generation at a time during season will be 20.5 MW
10. TG TG : 2.5 MW and 18.0 MW
11. DG Proposed 250 KVAX1
12. Fuel Bagasse : 950 TPD Biogas:15000 CMD
13. Steam Total steam requirement for project 13.19 TPH
14. Total effluent generation Sugar: 242 m3/d Domestic: 13 Molasses based distillery: 880 m3/d (spent wash, spent lees, condensate).
15. Ash Existing Sugar Unit : Bagasse ash generation: 4.2 TPD
Proposed Bagasse ash generation: 20 TPD
16. ETP sludge The sludge from primary clarifies, settling tank and secondary clarifier will be sent to sludge drying beds. Sludge will be dried in natural heat of sunlight. The dried cakes will be can be utilized for as manure or in composting.
17. Air pollution control measures Proposed: Electrostatic precipitator for Cogeneration boiler and Wet scrubber for Distillery boiler
18. Man-power Existing manpower Permanent staff (skilled) 150 and Contract(unskilled) 170 For proposed project Skilled 40 and unskilled 77
19. Total project cost Sugar expansion: Rs 115.84 Cr
20. EMP capital cost Total Rs.~ 8.3 Cr
21. CER Cost Rs.2.3 Cr.
Environment Sensitivity
22. Nearest Village Amdapur 1.4 km South
23. Nearest Town / City Parbhani 10 km in North
24. Nearest National Highway Parbhani-Gangakhed state highway 4.36 km in W and Singnapur- Amadapur road 1.21 in in SW
25. Nearest Railway station Singnapur : 3.0 km in West Parbhani : 9.0 km in North
26. Nearest Airport Shri. Guru Gobind Singhji Airport 60.0 km in East
27. National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Tiger/ Elephant Reserves, Wildlife Corridors etc. within 10 km radius
No any in within 10 km of project area
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11.1 Process Description
28. River / Water Body (within 10 km radius)
Water Canal 0.53 km in SE direction
Sugarcane Milling
Sugarcane juice heating
Molasses
Molasses Dilution
with water OR
Sugarcane
juice juice
Yeast
Nutrients
Distillation
Deg
asif
yin
g cu
m a
nal
yzer
colu
mn
Extr
acti
ve D
isti
llati
on
colu
mn
Pre
-rec
tifi
er c
olu
mn
Rec
tifi
cati
on
Co
lum
n
Ref
inin
g co
lum
n
Fuse
l Oil
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n
Hea
d C
on
cen
trat
ion
co
lum
n
Spent wash Spent lees Alcohol
Molecular
Sieves
Dehydration
section
Ethanol
Fermentation
Spent wash
recycle
Bio-methanation
Bio-composting
Biogas
Process condensate
CO2
Used as a boiler
fuel
CPU Treated water recycle in the process
MEE
Superheated Steam
Bagasse & biogas
Feed
Water
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Figure 11.2: Cogeneration process
11.4 Description of the environment
The study area as per approved ToR in 179th SEAC meeting dated 20.01.2020. The study
period conducted was from Oct 2019 to Dec 2019. The guiding factors for the present
baseline study are the requirements prescribed by the guidelines given in the EIA Manual
of the MoEFCC and methodologies mentioned in Technical EIA Guidelines Manual for
Distilleries by IL&FS Ecosmart Ltd., approved by MoEFCC.
11.5 Anticipated Environmental Impacts
Anticipated environmental impacts due to operation of the proposed project are given in
below Table 11.2
Table 11.2: Anticipated Impacts
Environmental Facets Anticipated Impacts
Air Environment Probable increase in concentration of air pollutants due to process, fugitive, and utility emissions.
Water Environment Generation of industrial & domestic wastewater.
Land Environment Impacts on land due to improper disposal of hazardous/ solid waste.
Ecological Environment
Positive as greenbelt of appropriate width will be developed and maintained by the factory in the area. No impacts are envisaged on aquatic flora & fauna as there will be zero effluent discharge outside the plant premises.
Social Environment Overall development of the area in respect of the infrastructure development, educational growth, health facilities etc.
Boiler
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Economic Environment
Positive impacts on economy of the region and the country as the Alcohol will be exported and revenue generation.
Noise Environment Minor increase in noise level within the project area.
Occupational Health & Safety
Major health hazards are identified in worst case scenario.
11.6 Environmental Monitoring Program
Table 11.3: Environmental monitoring schedule
Sr. No.
Particulate Parameters Number of location Frequency
1. Ambient air quality
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, etc.
Ambient air quality at minimum 3 locations. Two samples downwind direction at 500m and 1000m respectively. One sample upwind direction at 500m.
Monthly
2. Stack gas PM, SO2 and NOx Number of stacks Monthly
Online stack monitoring is installed for existing system.
-
3. Work place PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, O3
Process emission in workplace area/plants (for each area/plant minimum 2 locations and 1 location outside plant area near vent)
Monthly
4. Waste water pH, EC, SS, TDS, O&G, Ammonical Nitrogen, COD, BOD, Chloride, Sulphides etc.
Wastewater from all sources. Inlet & outlet of ETP, spent wash, Condensate treatment plant
Monthly
Online Monitoring machine is already installed at existing ETP. Camera at spent wash tank is also installed.
5. Surface water and ground water
pH, Salinity, Conductivity, TDS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, Phosphate, Nitrates, Sulphates, Chlorides, Total Coliforms (TC) & E.Coli
3-5 location Ground as well as Surface water. Within 1 km radius from spent wash tank and compost yard. 2 locations downward 1 location upward additional three locations within 10 km radius from the site.
Half yearly
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EIA REPORT
River sample One each at upstream and downstream
6. Solid waste Ash Process dust generated sludge and ash.
Before used as manure if used manure
Monthly
7. Soil Organic and Inorganic matter
N, P, K, moisture, EC, heavy metals etc.
At lands utilizing compost manure and treated effluent, 3 locations
Pre –monsoon and Post monsoon
8. Noise Equivalent noise level - dB (A) at min. Noise Levels measurement at high noise generating places as well as sensitive receptors in the vicinity
5 location At all source and outside the Plant area.
Monthly
9. Green belt Number of plantation (units), number of survived plants/ trees, number of poor plant/ trees.
In and around the plant site Monthly
10. Soil Texture, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, alkali metals, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), permeability, porosity.
2-3 near Solid/ hazardous waste storage. At least five locations from Greenbelt and area where manure of biological waste is applied. Near spent wash storage lagoon
Quarterly
11. Occupational health
Health and fitness checkup of employees getting exposed to various hazards and all other staff
All worker Yearly/ twice a year
12. Emergency preparedness, such as fire fighting
Fire protection and safety measures to take care of fire and explosion hazards,
Mock drill records, on site emergency plan, evacuation plan
Monthly during operation phase
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EIA REPORT
to be assessed and steps taken for their prevention.
11.7 Additional Studies
The following Additional Studies are to be done in reference to the awarded Terms of
References issued by MoEFCC, New Delhi.
Public Consultation
HAZOP and Risk Assessment
Carbon and water foot printing
11.8 Project Benefits
Readily available infrastructure, fuel, & water for renewable energy power generation
project.
Provides an initiative to sugar mill to concentrate more on conservation of energy &
reduction of operating cost, thereby improving their profitability of operation.
Saves the expenditure on safe storage and disposal of bagasse.
Benefits of quick return on biomass power capital investment and generation of
additional revenue.
The economic benefits available to the sugar factories from sale of exportable surplus
and improvement in the operations
Entire integrated project is proposed to be set up based on the stand-alone commercial
viability of each component of the project.
11.9 Environmental Management Plan
Following mitigation measures shall be adopted by factory to minimize the impact of
project on the surrounding environment.
Table 11.4: EMP for various Environmental Attributes
Environmental Attributes
Mitigation Measures
Air Quality Management
Process Emission
ESPs and Wet scrubber shall be provided for PM emissions.
The whole process will be carried out in closed condition so as to avoid any chances of VOC emissions.
Utility Emission
All the D.G. sets shall be standby arrangement and will only be used during power failure.
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EIA REPORT
Adequate stack height shall be provided to Boiler and D.G. sets.
Electrostatic Precipitator shall be provided as an air pollution control device to the boiler with approximately 99% efficiency to capture maximum boiler fly ash.
Fugitive Emission
The main raw material and product shall be brought in and dispatched by road in covered enclosures.
Dust suppression on haul roads shall be done at regular intervals.
Water & Wastewater Management
The proposed Sugar and distillery would be based on “Zero Liquid Discharge “technology.
Total Spent wash generation will be~ 380-450 840 CMD. Spent wash will be treated trough Biogas unit followed by Multi effect evaporator (MEE) followed by Bio composting. The Process condensate, spent lees will be treated in Condensate Polishing Unit, after treatment of which it will be recycled back to the process again.
Domestic wastewater will be treated in proposed STP. The treated water will be used for gardening.
Proper storm water drainage will be provided during rainy season to avoid mixing of storm water with effluent.
Rain water harvesting from the catchment area will be done for the proposed distillery project.
Noise Management Closed room shall be provided for all the utilities so as to attenuate the noise pollution.
Acoustic enclosure shall be provided to D.G sets.
Free flow of traffic movement shall be maintained. Earmuffs shall be used while running equipment’s of the plant.
Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals shall be done to reduce generation of noise.
Greenbelt shall be developed around the periphery of the plant to reduce noise levels.
Odor Management Odor shall be primarily controlled at source by good operational practices, including physical and management control measures.
Better housekeeping will maintain good hygiene condition by regular steaming of all fermentation equipment.
Use of efficient biocides to control bacterial contamination.
Control of temperature during fermentation to avoid in-activation/ killing of yeast.
Avoid staling of fermented wash.
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management
The hazardous waste i.e. spent oil generated shall be very minor and shall be burnt in boiler along with fuel.
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Bagasse will be used as manure
ETP & yeast sludge can be used in greenbelt development
Traffic Management Culverts shall be maintained.
The trucks carrying raw material & fuel shall be covered to reduce any fugitive dust generation.
Good traffic management system shall be developed and implemented for the incoming and outgoing vehicles so as to avoid congestion on the public road.
Green Belt Development / Plantation
Plantation shall been done as per Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Norms.
The plantation in and around the plant site helps/will help to attenuate the pollution level.
Native species shall be given priority for Avenue plantation.
Corporate Social Responsibility
An amount of INR 1.4 Cr. (As CER OM dated 1.05.2018 Brownfield project. 1.5 % of total project cost) will be allocated for CSR activities in the coming 3 years which will be utilized on the basis of requirement for weaker sections of the society for next 3 years.
Occupational Health & Safety
Factory shall monitor the health of its worker before placement and periodically examine during the employment
Health effects of various activities and health hazard if any observed shall be recorded and discussed with the health experts for corrective and preventive actions need to be taken by the industry
All safety gear shall be provided to workers and care shall be taken by EMC that these are used properly by them. All safety norms shall be followed
CHAPTER XII: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
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12.1 Background of the organization
MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd., (MITCON) is a rapidly growing, an
ISO 9001-2008 certified Consultancy Company, promoted by ICICI, IDBI, IFCI, and State
Corporations of Maharashtra and Public Commercial Banks. It was founded in 1982;
with Head Office at Pune and with supporting offices spread over entire country
including Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Chandigarh, and Ahmadabad
etc. With experience, expertise, and track record developed over last almost three
decades, MITCON provides diverse range of macro and micro consultancy services in the
areas of
Environment Management and Engineering (EME).
Energy Efficiency.
Biomass and Co-gen power.
Agricultural Business and Bio-technology.
Infrastructure.
Market Research.
Banking Finance and Securitisation.
Micro Enterprise Development.
IT Training and Education
12.2 Environmental Management and Engineering Division (EME)
Environmental Management and Engineering Division (EME) is one of the key divisions of
MITCON and provide expert consultancy and laboratory services for various matrixes of
services in the field of environmental management. Thus, EME division partners with an
organization in their efforts of achieving sustainable business model.
Some of our credentials of EME division is,
State-of-the-art Environment Laboratory with experienced and trained manpower.
Recognition by Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEFCC), Government of India
and OHSAS 18001/2007.
We are recommended as Technical Consultant by Directorate of Municipal
Administration, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai, for preparation of Detailed Project
Reports (DPR) on Municipal Solid Waste Management for the Municipal Councils in
Maharashtra.
Accredited by QCI-NABET as an EIA consultant.
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Audit / Status Report
Consent from SPCB
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EIA REPORT
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSW)/ Hazardous Waste (HZ) Management &
Technical Services
Water Supply and Sanitation
Small Turnkey Projects
Technical Appraisal
GIS and Remote Sensing
Laboratory Services
Water Quality
Soil Quality
Wastes (Solid & Semisolid)
Specialized Services
Monitoring Services
Operation&Maintenance Services
EME division of MITCON serves to various sectors like – GIS & RS, solid waste,
infrastructure, power, sugar, engineering, chemical, real estate etc.
12.3 NABET Accreditation
MITCON Consultancy and Engineering Services Ltd. is accredited from National
Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET), Quality Council of India for the
EIA consultancy services in 16 sectors.
12.4 Key personnel’s engaged in preparation of EIA report
Dr. Hemangi Nalavade is an EIA coordinator for this project. Other Functional Area
Expertise (FAE) and Team Members (TM) undertaking this project with their specific roles
and responsibilities are given in below,
Table 12.1: Experts engaged in the EIA report
S. No. Name of the expert/s Functional Area
1. Dr. Sandeep Jadhav EB, SC & LU
2. Mr. Shrikant Kakade EB, WP
3. Dr. Hemangi N. Nalavade AP, AQ, SHW, WP
4. Mr. Ganesh Khamgal SE
5. Mr. Pratik Deshpande HG, AQ
6. Mr. Aniket Taware
RH
7. Mr. Nikhil Chavhan Noise