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Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
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Z|mu`b
Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 4
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 4
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
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Jbkjl`qbz ez`jbz al ubqldmlkqb
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V Gb Edjn Xbfqd dquz kb c`zqu`jb al pdjbqlz>V Gb Hbuwdua Dxdkd kb c`zqu`jb al pdjbqlz>
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Hljcd b dut|`xb al jdpq|ud jbuulkql+
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5?
Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 4
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
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_ulhlulkjlz Deul |md jd`sd al a`fbgb t|l plum`ql jbk`g|udu pullukj`dzpdud m|`qbz pdumlqubz t|l jbkqubfdm b Lqcluldf> pbzzxlf zdfxdu lzzdzjbk`g|udlz pdud |z-fdz kd pus`md xly>
V Clfp Deul |md jd`sd al a`fbgb al di|ad+
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4
Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 4Jbkjl`qbz ez`jbz al ubqldmlkqb
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1
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55
Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 4
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
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5:
Jbkjl`qbz ez`jbz al ubqldmlkqb
1+ Bz df|kbz alxlm lslj|qdu bz pubjla`mlkqbz d zlg|`u `ka`x`a|dfmlkql l
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bz jbmdkabz d zlg|`u&alzdq`xdu b `ulwdff abW`kabwz+
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Uljbmlkadu dbz df|kbz t|l dkbqlm bz ulz|fqdabz al jdad dq`x`adal+
Qlzqdu d jbkq`k|`adal alkqub ad z|eulal4+
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Qlzqdu d jbkq`k|`adal lkqul z|eulalz5+
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Db `kdf alzqd dq`x`adal qbadz dz mt|`kdz alxlm jbkq`k|du jbm d jbk`g|udbdq|df& pbut|l xdmbz |z-fdz kbxdmlkql+
Dq`x`adal 5 Jdpq|ud al pdjbqlz @_
Bz df|kbz alxlm lslj|qdu bz zlg|`kqlz pubjla`mlkqbz `ka`x`a|dfmlkql l kdzltkj`d alqlum`kdad9
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51
Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 4
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
Zl kb dpduljlulm mlkzdglkz DU_ eubdajdzq`kg pbut|l d qdelfd DU_ lzqdq|df`ydad l b m`jub kb pulj`zb| dylu eubdajdzq`kgpdud alzjbeu`u b lkalulbMDJ ad lzqdb al alzq`kb+
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5
Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 5Jbkh`g|udb al mzjdud al z|eulal
Z|mu`b ad zlzzb
Z|eulalz + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +58
Qdelfd al z|eulalz+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +57
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58
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Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
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zbeul kbzzd lzqu|q|ud `kqlukd ult|lu`ad+
Zlm z|eulalz& d |q`f`ydb ab lzpdb allkaluldmlkqb m|`qb `kl`j`lkql> jbm m|`qbz cbzqzkd mlzmd ulal& d dam`k`zqudb qbukd-zljbmpf`jdad+ Jbm z|eulalz& d |q`f`ydb abzlkalulbz al ulal md`z l`j`lkql l ddam`k`zqudb md`z z`mpflz+
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mlkbulz+ Bz e`qz t|l alxlu`dm zlu |zdabzlsjf|z`xdmlkql pdud cbzqz #kb jdzb b qlujl`ubbjqlqb) zb |zdabz pdud `alkq``jdb adz z|eulalz+
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kmlubz al ulal l z|eulal+
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4:4
5
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Jbkhg|udb al mzjdud al z|eulal
Qdelfd al z|eulalz
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Dz alj`zlz al ubqldmlkqb zb lkqb edzldadz zbmlkql kb kmlub ad ulal+
_dud jdad ulal"z|eulal& b pu`ml`ub lkalulb ad d`sd al lkalulbz `alkq``jd dulal"z|eulal+ Lslmpfb9 b lkalulb 4:4+4?3+?+? b Klq@A #`alkq``jdb ad ulal)ad ulal 4:4+4?3+s+s+ B lkalulb 4:4+4?3+4+? b Z|eKlq@A #`alkq``jdb adz|eulal) ad z|eulal 4:4+4?3+4+s+
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 5
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
Lslmpfb al z|eulal
Jbkz`alul d ulal Jfdzzl J 5??+5
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Jbkhg|udb al mzjdud al z|eulal
D um|fd al jfj|fb abz lkalulbz a`zpbkxl`z al cbzqpbu z|eulal `jd dzz`m95k 5& bkal k = kmlub al e`qz |zdabz pdud cbzqz+
Al mdkl`ud dkfbgd& plualmbz d pu`ml`ud l d fq`md z|eulal& jbkbuml
almbkzqudab kb lslmpfb+
D um|fd al jfj|fb ad t|dkq`adal al z|eulalz `jd dzz`m95k 5& bkal k = kmlub al e`qz |zdabz pdud z|eulalz+
@_ Z|eklq Jdfj|fdqbu
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 5
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
Xlulmbz |m lslmpfb al jbk`g|udb |zdkab d ulal4:4+4?3+?+?+
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Jfdzzl E #4:4+4?3+?+?) l dpluqdmbz 6Lkqlu;+
B pubgudmd mbzqud qbabz bz adabz pluq`klkqlz dlzqd ulal #qlfd 4)+
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B pubgudmd `kbumd bz e`qz ad mzjdud #51 e`qz)& dmzjdud #5
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Jbkhg|udb al mzjdud al z|eulal
XFZM l J@AU
D `a`d pbu quz al XFZM bluljlu md`bufls`e`f`adal kd a`x`zb al |md ulal lm z|eulalz& al
bumd d mdkqlu b kmlub dalt|dab al cbzqz lmjdad z|eulal+
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a`x`a`-fd lm : z|eulalz& zlkab |md jbm 4?? cbzqz l dz b|qudz a|dz jbm
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 5
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
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Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 5Jbkh`g|udb al mzjdud al z|eulal
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1
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:1
Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 5
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
Dq`x`adal 4 Jbkh`g|udb al z|eulalz @_ Jfdzzl J
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t|dft|lu lkalulb al ulal& pbut|l kb zlu |zdad klzqd dq`x`adal+ Mlfcbu al`sdujbmb lzq`xlu+
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Lkalulbz @_ al jdad z|eulal #Z|eklq @A& Eubdajdzq@A& Cbzqz @A)>
Lkalulbz @_ adz `kqludjlz abz ubqldabulz+
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 5
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Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm :Jbkh`g|udb al ubqdz lzqq`jdz
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm :
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Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm :Jbkh`g|udb al ubqdz lzqq`jdz
Ubql`ub al dq`x`adalz
Qp`jbz l jbkjl`qbz
Qdelfd al ubqdz
Ubqldmlkqb lzqq`jb l a`km`jb
_u`kj`pd`z jbmdkabz al jbk`g|udb al ubqdz
Jbmplqkj`dz qjk`jdz alzlkxbfx`adz
Alzlkcdu |md ulal jbm zbhqwdul al z`m|fdb @M\KLZ
_ubilqdu b lkaluldmlkqb adz z|eulalz
Jbk`g|udu bz lt|`pdmlkqbz adz z|eulalz
Jbk`g|udb ez`jd al ubqldabulz
Qlmpb pulx`zqb pdud dz dq`x`adalz
8?-0? m`k|qbz
Bezluxdb
Dfg|kz abz abj|mlkqbz mlkj`bkdabz lzqb a`zpbkxl`z kb JA-UBM ab j|uzb b|lm mt|`kd ab fdebudqu`b+
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475+48+5?+?> 475+48+:?+?+
Dpz a`g`qdu bz jbmdkabz kljlzzu`bz& qljfl Jquf-ypdud lkjluudu d jbk`g|udb+Xbfqd b pubmpqab mbab pu`x`flg`dab+
A`g`qdkab dgbud b jbmdkab zc `p ub|ql xlulmbz dz ubqdz dpulka`adz plfbub|qlu5+
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Dpluqdu b ebqb a`ul`qb ab mb|zl #mdkqlu dpluqdab)>
Zlflj`bkdu d bpb zclff w`kabw"e`k"zc+
Qlulmbz lkqb d qlfd t|l z`m|fd b jbkzbfl ab pj4+ Kbql t|l lzzlz jbkzbflz zbuld`z ab pbkqb al x`zqd ab Nluklf ab HullEZA& |md xly t|l lzqb |q`f`ydkab qbabzbz ulj|uzbz ab Nluklf+ pbzzxlf lm`q`u qbabz bz jbmdkabz zclffdjl`qbz plfb
Nluklf+
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm :
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
44+ D h`g|ud d zlg|`u mbzqud b fq`mb adqdgudmd @JM_ #al kmlub 51)
ulzpbka`ab plfb cbzqal alzq`kb lm alqdfcl& bkal pbalmbz xlu t|l b
luub @JM_ ab q`pb : #Alzq`kdq`bk |kuldjcdefl) l ja`gb : #_buq
|kuldjcdefl)+ Kbql t|l kb adqdgudmd \A_ b pbuq al alzq`kb b al
kmlub ::118& t|l b cbzqal alzq`kb ulj|zd+
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Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 1_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb U@_
Z|mu`b ad zlzzb
Jbkjl`qb al Z`zqlmd D|qkbmb DZ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +85
Jfdzzflzz @kqluabmd`k Ub|q`kg+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +85
Jfdzz``jdb al pubqbjbfbz al ubqldmlkqb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +8:
Ubqldmlkqb a`km`jb + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +8:
Dfgbu`qmb al ubqldmlkqb+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +81
Qdelfd al ubqldmlkqb Xlqbu-A`zqkj`d+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +8 pbuqdkqb& |m kmlub kd d`sd al 4 d 8
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8:
_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb U@_
Jfdzz`h`jdb al pubqbjbfbz al ubqldmlkqb
Bz ubqldabulz kd `kqluklq zb bugdk`ydabzc`ludut|`jdmlkql+ Dfg|kz ubqldabulz zb |zdabz
pdud lkx`du `kbumdb dqudxz al |m gu|pbpduq`j|fdu al ulalz zbe |md mlzmd d|qbu`adaldam`k`zqudq`xd l al jbkqubfl #DZ)+ Ubqldabulz |zdabzpdud qubjd al `kbumdb kb `kqlu`bu abz DZz zbjcdmdabz ubqldabulz `kqlu`bulz #`kqlu`bu ub|qluz) l|zdm |md xdu`ladal al pubqbjbfbz jcdmdad @kqlu`buGdqlwd _ubqbjbfz #@G_z)+ Ubqldabulz |zdabz pdudqubjd al `kbumdb lkqul bz DZz zb jcdmdabzubqldabulz lsqlu`bulz #lsqlu`bu ub|qluz) l |zdm
pubqbjbfbz jcdmdabz Lsqlu`bu Gdqlwd _ubqbjbfz #LG_z)+
Bz pu`kj`pd`z pubqbjbfbz pdaubk`ydabz |zdabz dq|dfmlkql zb U@_& BZ_H l EG_-1+Ls`zqlm b|qubz pubqbjbfbz pubpu`lqu`bz al deu`jdkqlz& jbmb pbu lslmpfb b @GU_l b L@GU_ ad J`zjb+
uljbmlkaxlf |zdu zlmpul t|l pbzzxlf pubqbjbfbz pdaubk`ydabz+ Bz pdaulzpbalm zlu lkjbkqudabz kd f`zqdglm al UHJz a`zpbkxlf lm9
V cqqp9""www+uj-la`qbu+bug"uj-`kals5+cqmf
Ubqldmlkqb a`km`jb
Ubqldabulz |zdm |m pubqbjbfb lm jbm|m pdudqubjdu `kbumdlz al ubqldmlkqb+ Dq|df`ydlz al`kbumdlz al ubqldmlkqb zb mdkadadz t|dkab dqbpbfbg`d ad ulal m|ad b| lm `kqluxdfbz `sbz+ Dz`kbumdlz al ubqldmlkqb dq|df`ydadz jbkqm dzulalz djlzzxl`z djulzj`adz al |m xdfbu al mqu`jddzzbj`dab d jdad jdm`kcb pbzzxlf+
B mlfcbu jdm`kcb lkqul ulalz b| z|eulalz
alqlum`kdab pbu |md mqu`jd al ubqldmlkqb+ Dzmqu`jdz zb `mpbuqdkqlz pbut|l& dfm alalqlum`kdulm |md ubqd pdud b alzq`kb& bz ubqldabulz qm t|l alqlum`kdu dmlfcbu ubqd pdud jdad alzq`kb+ Kd `g|ud dj`md& pbu lslmpfb& kb jdm`kcb al Dpdud E lx`alkql t|l d ubqd t|l pdzzd pbu U4 md`z up`ad t|l d ubqd t|lpdzzd pbu U5+ Dzz`m& b ubqldabu U? alxl |zdu lzzd `kbumdb pdud lzjbfclu dmlfcbu ubqd+
Xdu`xl`z |zdadz pdud mqu`jdz `kjf|lm b zlg|`kql9
Jbkqdabu al cbpz #zdfqbz) B kmlub al pdudadz `kqlumla`u`dz t|l |m
pdjbql dy lm |m jdm`kcb pdud zl| alzq`kb+ _dzzdkab dqudxz al |mubqldabu"gdqlwdjbkqd-zl |m cbp+
Jfdzz`h`jdb al pubqbjbfbz al ubqldmlkqb
_ubqbjbfbz al ubqldmlkqb pbalm zlu9
@kqlu`bulz #@kqlubu Gdqlwdp _ubqbjbf @G_) \zdabzpdud jbm|k`jdb lkqul ubqldabulz al |m mlzmb DZ
Lslmpfbz 9 U@_ UHJ51
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 1
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
Fdug|ud al edkad # Edkaw`aqc) D jdpdj`adal al qudkzpbuqdu adabz al |mml`b+ \z|dfmlkql mla`ab lm Mepz b| dfg|md udb alzzd mla`ad+
Dqudzb # alfd) D t|dkq`adal al qlmpb dzzbj`dab jbm b |zb al |m ml`b lmpduq`j|fdu+ \z|dfmlkql mla`ab lm mz #4?-: zlg)+
Jbk`de`f`adal \m xdfbu dzzbj`dab d jdad ml`b& `ka`jdkab d pubede`f`adalabz adabz zlulm lkqulg|lz+ \z|dfmlkql lspulzzb jbmb |m xdfbu udj`bku`b>dfg|m kmlub a`x`a`ab pbu 5
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Zl b:+:+5+ gdqlwdkb b mlzmb& kb dfqlud d ubqd jbkclj`ad&alzpulydkab d ubqd dk|kj`dad+
Qdelfd al ubqldmlkqb Xlqbu-A`zqkj`d
Jbkz`alul d ulal lslmpfb dj`md jbm : ubqldabulz l< z|eulalz+ Qbadz dz z|eulalz zb "51+
B mljdk`zmb al jfj|fb ad qdelfd al ubqdz dqudxzab dfgbu`qmb Xlqbu-A`zqkj`d #Elffmdk-Hbua) |kj`bkdjbkbuml lspf`jdab d zlg|`u+
Kd `k`j`df`ydb& dkqlz al qubjdu `kbumdlz jbmzl|z x`y`kcbz& jdad ubqldabu z jbkcljl dz
ulalz z t|d`z lzq a`ulqdmlkql jbkljqdab+
Lkqb dz ulzpljq`xdz qdelfdz& mbzqudadz kd`g|ud& z qm dz zlg|`kqlz ulalz a`ulqdmlkql jbkljqdadz9
V ub|qlu? ulalz 4? l 5?>
V ub|qlu4 ulalz 5?& :? l 1?>
V ub|qlu5 ulalz 1? l
V ub|qlu4 `kbumd db ub|qlu?l db ub|qlu5t|l qlmdjlzzb z ulalz 5?& :? l 1?>
V ub|qlu5`kbumd db ub|qlu4 t|l qlm djlzzb zulalz 1? l
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 1
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
djulzjlkqdadz kd qdelfd jbm mqu`jd = 5& pbut|l lfdz pdzzdm plfb ub|qlu4&t|l `kbumb| lzzdz ubqdz jbm mqu`jd = 4>
V ub|qlu4 uljlel dz `kbumdlz ab ub|qlu?l ab ub|qlu5> t|dkqb db ub|qlu?&lfl `gkbud d ubqd ad ulal 5?& mdz dq|df`yd d ubqd ad ulal 4?& jbm mqu`jd =
5& t|l pdzzd plfb ub|qlu?> t|dkqb db ub|qlu5& lfl `gkbud d ubqd ad ulal 1?&mdz dq|df`yd d ubqd ad ulal
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_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb U@_
dam`k`zqudabu pbal al`k`u |md mqu`jd a`lulkql al 4& pdud |m alqlum`kdablkfdjl+ B U@_ mdkqm dplkdz d mlfcbu ubqd pdud jdad alzq`kb& zlm ubqdzdfqlukdq`xdz+ T|dkab jclgd kbxd `kbumdb zbeul ubqdz& d dkq`gd alzpulydad+Jdad ubqldabu& db plujlelu mba``jdlz kbz zl|z lkfdjlz& mdkad `kbumdb al
dq|df`ydb al ubqdz pdud bz b|qubz ubqldabulz l dzz`m pbu a`dkql& pubpdgdkab dzm|adkdz db fbkgb ad ulal+
Kd xluzb 4 #U@_x4) lzzd dq|df`ydb lud l`qd dqudxz al mlkzdglkz eubdajdzq+Kd xluzb 5 zb |zdadz mlkzdglkz m|fq`jdzqjbm lkalulb m|fq`jdzqpdaub9551+?+?+0+
Jbmb b|qubz pubqbjbfbz al ubqldmlkqb& b U@_ |zd jluqbz qlmpbu`ydabulz #q`mluz)pdud ulg|fdu z|d plubumdkjl+
Jdad ubqldabu lkx`du |md jp`d jbmpflqd al z|d qdelfd al ubqdz d zl|z x`y`kcbzd jdad :? zlg|kabz& dqudxz al |md mlkzdglm al ulzpbzqd kb zbf`j`qdad+ Cmd`z ab`z qlmpbu`ydabulz dzzbj`dabz d jdad ubqd9 q`mlb|q#qlmpb lsp`udab) lgduedgl jbffljq`bk #jbflqd al f`sb)+
B q`mlb|q& kbumdfmlkql jbk`g|udab pdud 43? zlg|kabz& alqlum`kd t|dkqb qlmpbpulj`zd aljbuulu zlm t|l |m ubqldabu uljled t|dft|lu `kbumdb zbeul |mdubqd dkqlz t|l d ubqd zlid aljfdudad `kxf`ad+ D ubqd qdmem pbal zlu aljfdudad`kxf`ad zl qlm mqu`jd = 48+
T|dkab |md ubqd aljfdudad `kxf`ad& lfd plumdkljl kd qdelfd pdud t|l bz
x`y`kcbz pbzzdm zlu kbq``jdabz ab dqb+ Lzqd kbq``jdb qlm t|l bjbuulu dkqlzab qum`kb ab qlmpbu`ydabu gduedgl-jbffljq`bk& kbumdfmlkql jbk`g|udab pdud45? zlg|kabz+ T|dkab lzql qlmpbu`ydabu lsp`ud& d ubqd ulmbx`ad ad qdelfd+
V Md`z `khbumdlz9cqqp9""www+j`zjb+jbm"|k`xluja"jj"qa"abj"j`z`kqwn"`qbRabj"up+pa
Jbm b daxlkqb abz pubqbjbfbz BZ_H l @Z-@Z& pdulj`dt|l b pubqbjbfb U@_ zl qbukdu`d bezbflqb+ Lmebud bzkbxbz pubqbjbfbz zlidm z|plu`bulz db U@_& lzql d`kad
qlm dfg|mdz xdkqdglkz `kqlulzzdkqlz+
Jbkz`aludkab dz plt|lkdz ulalz& b bxlucldaab U@_ m|`qb plt|lkb& qdkqb lm qlumbz ab |zb al fdug|udal edkad& jbmb lm qlumbz al z`mpf`j`adal aljbk`g|udb l `mpflmlkqdb+ Dfm a`zzb& ls`zqlmm|`qb md`z `mpflmlkqdlz al U@_ kdz ulalz dq|d`zab t|l kbz b|qubz ab`z pubqbjbfbz jbme`kdabz+
Jbmb alzxdkqdglkz& pbalmbz j`qdu b dqb al t|llfl f`m`qdab d 4< cbpz& qbukdkab-b `kx`xlf lm ulalz gudkalz+ _bu b|qub fdab&
jbm gudkal kmlub al ubqldabulz& qlulmbz m|`qdz mlkzdglkz al dkkj`b alubqdz+ Qdmem kb z|pbuqd ubqdz dfqlukdq`xdz& mdkqlkab dplkdz d mlfcbu ubqd
U@_x5 Jdudjqluzq jdz #5)
Xdkqdglkz
Z`mpflz al jbkh`g|udu
H|kj`bkd elm lm ulalz plt|lkdz
Ed`sb jbkz|mb al fdug|ud al edkad
Alzxdkqdglkz
F`m`qdab d 4< cbpz& zlkab kx`xlf lm ulalz gudkalz
Kb z|pbuqd ubqdz dfqlukdq`xdz
_ubeflmdz al lzqde`f`adalQlmpb al jbkxlugkj`d dfqb
Fbbpz
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 1
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
pdud jdad alzq`kb kd qdelfd+ Lzzdz f`m`qdlz zb& kd uldf`adal& jbkzltkj`dz adjbkjlpb ab pubqbjbfb+
D`kad jbmb jbkzltkj`d ad jbkjlpb ab U@_& ls`zqlm pubeflmdz al
lzqde`f`adal l jbkxlugkj`d al qdelfdz al ubqdz+ D jbkxlugkj`d adz qdelfdz abza`xluzbz ubqldabulz flkqd& alx`ab db qlmpb al dq|df`ydb+ Al`k`mbz qlmpb aljbkxlugkj`d jbmb b qlmpb kljlzzu`b pdud t|l qbadz dz qdelfdz abz ubqldabulz`t|lm dq|df`ydadz& t|dkab c m|adkd al qbpbfbg`d+
T|dkqb dbz pubeflmdz al lzqde`f`adal& pbalmbz j`qdu d jbkqdglm db `kh`k`qb+Xlulmbz t|l lzzl pubeflmd pbal zlu m`k`m`ydab jbm dz qjk`jdz al cbu`ybkqla`x`a`ab& cbu`ybkql a`x`a`ab jbm `kxluzb lkxlklkdad l dq|df`ydlz `mla`dqdz+
Jbkqdglm db `kh`k`qb
B pubeflmd ad jbkqdglm db `k`k`qb #jb|kq qb`kh`k`q)pbal zlu almbkzqudab kd `g|ud dj`md+
B ub|qlu?lzq a`ulqdmlkql jbkljqdab z ulalz4? l 5?& l b ub|qlu4 z ulalz 5? l :?+ Jdad |mdk|kj`d z|d qdelfd pdud b b|qub+
T|dkab b ub|qlu?uljlel d qdelfd ab ub|qlu4& lfldq|df`yd z|d qdelfd `kjf|`kab d ulal :?& jbmmqu`jd = 5 x`d ub|qlu4+
T|dkab b ub|qlu4 uljlel d qdelfd ab ub|qlu?& lfldq|df`yd z|d qdelfd `kjf|`kab d ulal 4?& jbmmqu`jd = 5 x`d ub|qlu?+
Dz qdelfdz `jdm jbmb lzqb kd `g|ud+ @mdg`kl dgbud t|l b f`knab ub|qlu?pdud dulal 4? jd`| #ulpulzlkqdab plfb S)+ B ub|qlu?xlu``jd t|l b ub|qlu4 dk|kj`d t|lqlm ubqd pdud d ulal 4? jbm mqu`jd = 5+ B ub|qlu?lkqb dq|df`yd z|d qdelfdpdud d ulal 4? jbm mqu`jd = :& x`d ub|qlu4+
B t|l b ub|qlu?kb plujlel #l d lzq b pubeflmd) t|l d ubqd dk|kj`dad plfbub|qlu4 pdzzd pbu lfl mlzmb #ub|qlu?)& al`sdkab al zlu |md ubqd xf`ad+
B ub|qlu4 pbu z|d xly dq|df`yd z|d qdelfd jbfbjdkab mqu`jd = 1 pdud d ulal 4?+B ub|qlu?& edzldab kd `kbumdb ab ub|qlu4& dq|df`yd d z|d qdelfd pdud mqu`jd= < l dzz`m pbu a`dkql& dq dq`kg`u d mqu`jd = 48& t|l z`gk``jd ulal `kdq`kgxlf+
Jbkz`aludkab t|l dz dq|df`ydlz zb l`qdz d jdad :? zlg|kabz& xd` almbudum|`qb pdud dz qdelfdz jbkxlug`ulm+
Dfg|mdz `mpflmlkqdlz budm l`qdz kb U@_x5 pdud ulzbfxlu b| jbkqbukdu lzzlpubeflmd+
Jbkqdglm db `kh`k`qb
Qdelfd ubqdz ub|qlu? Qdelfd ubqdz ub|qlu4
Z|pbkcd t|l d ulal 4? lzqlid hbud #jd`| b f`kn)
ub|qlu?dk|kj`d t|l d ubqd qlm mqu`jd : #x`d ub|qlu4)
ub|qlu4dq|df`yd d mqu`jd pdud 1 #:.4) #x`d ub|qlu?)
ub|qlu?dq|df`yd d mqu`jd pdud < #1.4) #x`d ub|qlu4)
L dzz`m pbu a`dkql& dq dq`kg`u d mqu`jd 48
Alzq`kb Klsq Cbp Mqu`jdUlal 4? - 4Ulal 5? - 4Ulal :? ub|qlu4 5
Alzq`kb Klsq Cbp Mqu jdUlal 4? ub|qlu? 5Ulal 5? - 4Ulal :? - 4
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_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb U@_
@mpflmlkqdlz lzplj`d`z ab U@_x5
V Zpf`q cbu`ybk #cbu`ybkql a`x`a`ab)9 Jbm lzqdqjk`jd& b ubqldabu ulg`zqud d `kqludjl dqudxz ad
t|df uljlel| `kbumdlz zbeul |md ubqd& l kba`|kal `kbumdlz zbeul lzqd ubqd& dqudxzalzqd mlzmd `kqludjl+ Kb kbzzb lslmpfb& bub|qlu4 uljlelu`d `kbumdlz zbeul d ubqd pdudd ulal 4?& d pduq`u ab ub|qlu?& fbgb b ub|qlu4 kb`u`d lkx`du `kbumdlz zbeul ubqdz pdud d ulal4?& al xbfqd pdud b ub|qlu?+ Jbm `zzb i zlu`dlx`qdab b pubeflmd ab jb|kq qb `kh`k`q+ Lm b|qudzpdfdxudz& lzqd jdudjqluzq`jd pbal zlu ulz|m`addzz`m9 l| dpulka` |md ubqd pdud d ulal S dqudxz
al xbj& fbgb xbj kb pbal dpulkalu |md ubqdpdud d mlzmd ulal S dqudxz al m`kcdz`kbumdlz+
V Zpf`q cbu`ybk w`qc pb`zbk ulxluzl#`kxluzb lkxlklkdad)9 Klzqd qjk`jd&t|dkab |m ubqldabu dpulkal b jdm`kcb pdud |md alqlum`kdad ulal& lfldk|kj`d b zl| jdm`kcb al xbfqd pdud lzqd ulal& jbm |md mqu`jd = 48+ Kblslmpfb ad `g|ud dkqlu`bu& b ub|qlu4 uljlel d `kbumdb ab ub|qlu?t|l dulal 4? lzq d 4 cbp al a`zqkj`d+ B ub|qlu4 dk|kj`d pdud b ub|qlu?t|l dulal 4? lzq d 48 cbpz al a`zqkj`d+ Jbm `zzb& idmd`z b ub|qlu?xd` qlkqdudjcdu |m jdm`kcb pdud d ulal 4? dqudxz ab ub|qlu4& b t|l dy zlkq`ab& i
t|l b ub|qlu?lzq a`ulqdmlkql jbkljqdab ulal 4?+V Qu`gglula |padqlz #dq|df`ydlz kzqdkqkldz)9 Jbm lzqd qjk`jd bz
ubqldabulz pbalm dk|kj`du m|adkdz kd mqu`jd al |md ubqd `mla`dqdmlkql&zlm lzpludu b pus`mb plubab al dkkj`b+ Klzql jdzb& ulalz t|l zl qbuklm`ka`zpbkxl`z pbalm zlu dk|kj`dadz `mla`dqdmlkql jbm |m cbp al 48& b|zlid& `kdfjdkxlf+ Lzqd qjk`jd |q`f`ydad lm jbme`kdb jbm d qjk`jd al`kxluzb lkxlklkdad& pdud qlkqdu a`m`k|`u b qlmpb al jbkxlugkj`d ad ulal&lm z`q|dlz bkal cb|xl `ka`zpbk`e`f`adal al |m ubqldabu b| al |m f`kn+ Lzqdqjk`jd a`m`k|` b qlmpb kljlzzu`b pdud jbkxlugkj`d ad ulal& pbum gludmd`z qulgb kd ulal+
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 1
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Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 1_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb U@_
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 1
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
Dq`x`adal 4 Jbkh`g|udb ab pubqbjbfb U@_
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_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb U@_
a`ulqdmlkql jbkljqdadz& z`gk``jd t|l cb|xl |m luub al `k`j`df`ydb t|dkab b`lslj|qdad d bpb Lsplu`mlkq"Lslj|ql kb `qlm 5+ D bpludb alxl zlu l`qdkbxdmlkql+
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 1
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
3+ Hdylu d mlzmd jb`zd jbm bz almd`z ubqldabulz& jbkhbuml mbzqudm dz
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7 pbuqdkqb& zl d ulal m|`qbgudkal& jdad mlkzdglm qlu al zlu z|ea`x`a`ad lm xu`bz pdjbqlz& a`m`k|`kabmd`z d`kad d xlfbj`adal al jbkxlugkj`d+ _bu z|d jbkjlpb& b BZ_H dalt|dab
d ulalz al ma`b l gudkal pbuql+
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Jbkxlugkj`d adz qdelfdz al ubqldmlkqb Flkqd Up`ad
Alj`zb al ubqldmlkqb edzldad zbmlkql kbz cbpz Z`m Kb
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Jbm|k`jdb jbm pub qbjb fbz ls qlu `b ulz db D Z Kb Z`m
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm b BZ_H plum`ql d `kquba|b al ubqdz lsqlukdz bu`|kadzab EG_+
Jbkjl`qb al Lzqdab ab Lkfdjl
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\md alzju`b ad `kqludjl pbal `kjf|`u& pbulslmpfb& b lkalulb @_ ad `kqludjl& d mzjdud alz|eulal& b q`pb al ulal d t|df lzq jbkljqdad& bz
ubqldabulz jbkljqdabz t|lfd ulal l dzz`m pbua`dkql+
B jbki|kqb al qbabz bz lzqdabz al lkfdjl bumd |m edkjb al adabz al lzqdabal lkfdjl+
Lzql pubqbjbfb jbm debuadglm a`km`jd |m abz md`z pbp|fdulz dfgbu`qmbzlmpulgdabz lm ulalz mbalukdz& z|ezq`q|`kab b pubqbjbfb Xlqbu-A`zqkj`d plfdzxdkqdglkz dpulzlkqdadz kd jbmpdudb U@_ s BZ_H+
B pubqbjbfb zl edzl`d kbz j`kjb pbkqbz ulfdj`bkdabz ded`sb9
Alzjbeu`u zl|z x`y`kcbz l zl|z lkalulbz al ulal
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Jdfj|fdu b mlkbu jdm`kcb pdud qbabz bz ubqldabulz
Dfgbu`qmb Z_H A`inzqud
B ubqldmlkqb plfb jdm`kcb md`z j|uqb zl edzl`d kbdfgbu`qmb al A`inzqud& j|ibz pdzzbz lzqbulpulzlkqdabz dj`md+
Edz`jdmlkql jbkz`zql lm jbkzqu|`u |m gudb adulal& bkal jdad k ulpulzlkqd |m ubqldabu& l b dujbt|l `kqluf`gd |m pdu al kz ulpulzlkqd |md f`kcd aljbm|k`jdb #f`kn)+
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Jdfj|fdu b mlkbu jdm`kcb pdud qbabz bz ubqldabulz
Dfgbu qmb Z_H A`inzqud #4)
Jdad k lq`t|lqdab jbm d a`zqkj`d alzal b khbkql& db fbkgb ab mlfcbu jdm`kcb jbkclj`ab+@k`j`dfmlkql qbabz bz kz zb lq`t|lqdabz jbm + mla`ad t|l b dfgbu`qmb xd` jdfj|fdkab bz jdm`kcbzmd`z j|uqbz& dz lq`t|lqdz xb m|adkab+\md lq`t|lqd pbal zlu lsplu`mlkqdf b| plumdklkql+@k`j`dfmlkql qbadz dz lq`t|lqdz zb lsplu`mlkqd`z+T|dkab |md lq`t|lqd ulpulzlkqd b mlkbu jdm`kcbpbzzxlf lkqul d hbkql l b k lzpljh`jb& lfd zl qbukdplumdklkql l kb zlu md`z dfqludad+
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_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb BZ_H _duql 4
jdm`kcb md`z j|uqb lkqul bz ubqldabulz kb gudb+ _dud `zzb& pbal zl edzldu lma`lulkqlz mqu`jdz9
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H`fd ma`d l dqudzb al qudkzm`zzb dzzbj`dab d jdad f`kcd al jbm|k`jdb kbjdm`kcb+
B dam`k`zqudabu pbal al`k`u |m xdfbu k`jb t|l ulpulzlkqd d pbkaludb alzzlzdqbulz l t|l zl jcdmd j|zqb ad ubqd+
B jdm`kcb md`z j|uqb zlu b jdm`kcb md`z up`ab& kb kljlzzdu`dmlkql b almlkbu kmlub al cbpz b| al t|`fmlqubz+
Dfgbu qmb Z_H A`inzqud #5)
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Bz kmlubz ulpulzlkqdm b j|zqb adz ubqdz
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm
7+ Dpz qbabz bz kz daidjlkqlz db k al qudedfcb qlulm z`ablsdm`kdabz& b k jbm b mlkbu xdfbu zl qbukd plumdklkql l
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_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb BZ_H _duql 4
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qbadz dz lq`t|lqdz zb mdujdadz jbm d`alkq``jdb ab k d pduq`u ab t|df b jfj|fb b`l`qb& pdud plum`q`u d uljbkzqu|b ab jdm`kcb>
V _dzzb 59 Jbmb b k E al mlkbu xdfbu& lfl pdzzd d zlu b kbxb k alqudedfcb> d pduq`u alfl zb jdfj|fdadz dz a`zqkj`dz ulfdq`xdz dbz kz J l L> bk L qbukdab plumdklkql pbut|l qlm b mlkbu xdfbu>
V _dzzb :9 B k L b kbxb k al qudedfcb> d pduq`u alfl zb jdfj|fdadz dza`zqkj`dz ulfdq`xdz dbz kz G l H> kbql t|l b k G qlm zl| xdfbu ulal`k`ab>lud #8&D) l `jb| # b k G qbukdab plumdklkql pbut|l qlm b mlkbu xdfbu>
V _dzzb 19 B k G b kbxb k al qudedfcb> d pduq`u alfl jdfj|fdad da`zqkj`d ulfdq`xd db k C> b k H qbukdab plumdklkql pbut|l qlm b mlkbuxdfbu>
V _dzzb d pduq`u alfl zb jdfj|fdadz dza`zqkj`dz ulfdq`xdz dbz kz J l C> b k C qbukdab plumdklkql pbut|l qlmb mlkbu xdfbu> z|d a`zqkj`d b` uljdfj|fdad pbut|l b` lkjbkqudab |mjdm`kcb mlkbu> b k J plumdkljl jbm b mlzmb xdfbu& pb`z dz a|dz ubqdzjdfj|fdadz zb `g|d`z>
V _dzzb 89 B k C b kbxb k al qudedfcb> d pduq`u alfl jdfj|fdad d
a`zqkj`d ulfdq`xd db k A #4?&C)+
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4:+ Dpz qbabz bz kz daidjlkqlz db k al qudedfcb qlulmz`ab lsdm`kdabz& b k jbm b mlkbu xdfbu zl qbukdplumdklkql l pdzzd d zlu b kbxb k al qudedfcb #k C)>
41+ D pduq`u ab k C& alqlum`kd-zl b k A #4?&C)+
D
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G#
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm
Alpb`z t|l jdad ubqldabu jbmpflqd b zl| edkjb al adabz& lfl jdfj|fd duxbul al qudilqu`dz md`z j|uqd #Zcbuqlzq _dqc Qull) pdud qbabz bz alzq`kbz+ Bubqldabu |zd b dfgbu`qmb al A`inzqud pdud dylu lzzl jfj|fb+ Bz alzq`kbz& bzl| ulzpljq`xb j|zqb dzzbj`dab l b pus`mb cbp pdud dq`kg`u dt|lfl alzq`kbbumdm d qdelfd al ubqldmlkqb @_+
Zl klkc|md dfqludb kd ulal BZ_H bjbuulu& jbmb& pbu lslmpfb& b j|zqb al|m f`knb| kbxdz ulalz da`j`bkdadz b| lsjf|adz& BZ_H plumdkljlu lm
z`fkj`b+ T|d`zt|lu m|adkdz t|l bjbuudm zlub `kbumdadz x`d pdjbqlz allzqdab al lkfdjl l b dfgbu`qmb al A`inzqud uljdfj|fdab pdud lkjbkqudu bjdm`kcb md`z j|uqb+
H|kj`bkdmlkqb ab pubqbjbfb BZ_H
Bz pdzzbz ab dfgbu`qmb ab lzqdab al lkfdjl9
4+ B ubqldabu glud |m dkkj`b al lzqdab al lkfdjl>
5+ Bz ubqldabulz qubjdm `khbumdlz lkqul z` |zdkab bpubqbjbfb hfbba`kg#`k|kadb)>
:+ Dpz jbmpflqdu b edkjb al adabz& jdad ubqldabujdfj|fd b jdm`kcb md`z j|uqb pdud bz almd`z>
1+ Zl klkc|md dfqludb al qbpbfbg`d bjbuulu& klkc|md`khbumdb zlu qubjdad lkqul bz ubqldabulz> zlbjbuulu m|adkd& b jdm`kcb md`z j|uqb zluuljdfj|fdab+
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zlflj`bkl BN+ Lmzlg|`ad& z|ug`u |md qlfd bkal mbzqudab b qbqdf al pdjbqlz pbu pubqbjbfb& mla`ad t|l zb jdpq|udabz kd `kqludjl zlu?+ M`k`m`yl lzzdz idklfdz+
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Jquf-Y #pdud lkjluudu d jbk`g|udb)>
Jbmb xlulmbz md`z da`dkql& b pubqbjbfb BZ_H c`luut|`jb& plum`q`kab d a`x`zbad ulal lm uldz& zlkab d uld ? b edjnebkl+
Lzzlz jbmdkabz lzqb mbzqudabz kd `g|ud d zlg|`u+
7+ D mlzmd jb`zd alxl zlu hl`qd kbz jbkzbflz abz ubqldabulz ub|qlu4 l
ub|qlu5+
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm
Gfbzzub
F`kn
Ub|qlu @A
Fbbpedjn kqluhdjl
Kl`gcebuz
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_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb BZ_H _duql 5
V Daidjlkj \md daidjkj`d |md ulfdb lkqulab`z ubqldabulz BZ_H t|l plum`ql d qubjd a`ulqdal dq|df`ydlz al ubqdz+ B BZ_H zbmlkql qubjddq|df`ydlz al ubqdz lkqul x`y`kcbz t|l qlkcdm
lzqdelflj`ab daidjkj`dz+ Klm qbabz bzubqldabulz x`y`kcbz zlub daidjlkqlz> xd`alplkalu ab q`pb al ulal l ad jbk`g|udb abzubqldabulz>
V Clffb pubqbjbf B pubqbjbfb al Clffb #Df)plum`ql d alzjbeluqd a`km`jd al x`y`kcbz l dmdk|qlkb al ulfdlz al x`y`kcdkd+ _djbqlzal Clffb l F`kn Zqdql Daxluq`zlmlkq#FZD) zb|zdabz pdud jbkzqu|`u l mdkqlu dq|df`ydab bedkjb al adabz al qbpbfbg`d ad ulal+ Bz
pdjbqlz al Clffb zb lkaluldabz pdud blkalulb @_ m|fq`jdzq551+?+?+
V Hfbba`kg D pduql ab pubqbjbfb BZ_H t|l a`zqu`e|` l z`kjubk`yd b edkjb aladabz al lzqdab al lkfdjl lkqul ubqldabulz BZ_H>
V Kl`gcebuzc`p adqdedzl B edkjb al adabz al x`y`kcdkd |md f`zqd alqbabz bz ubqldabulz BZ_H abz t|d`z budm uljle`abz pdjbqlz al Clffb+A`xluzdz `kbumdlz& jbmb d U@A l b lzqdab al lkfdjl& zb dumdylkdadz kbedkjb al adabz al x`y`kcdkd al jdad ubqldabu>
V Qbpbfbg adqdedzl B edkjb al adabz al qbpbfbg`d jbkqm `kbumdlz al
qbabz bz pdjbqlz al Dkkj`b al Lzqdab al Lkfdjl #F`kn Zqdql Daxluq`zlmlkqFZD) t|l budm uljle`abz al |md uld BZ_H+ B ubqldabu |zd lzqd `kbumdbjbmb lkqudad pdud b dfgbu`qmb al A`inzqud t|l jdfj|fd d ubqd md`z j|uqd#Zcbuqlzq _dqc H`uzq Z_H) pdud jdad ulal>
V F`kn Zqdql Daxluq`zlmlkq \m Dkkj`b al Lzqdab al Lkfdjl #FZD) |mpdjbql al adabz BZ_H jbkqlkab `kbumdlz al lzqdab al lkfdjl l alubqldmlkqb t|l zb jbmpduq`fcdadz zbmlkql lkqul bz ubqldabulz BZ_H t|lqlkcdm lzqdelflj`ab daidjkj`dz>
V Alz`gkdqla ub|qlu \m ubqldabu alz`gkdab #AU) lfl`qb zlmpul t|l
ubqldabulz BZ_H zb jbkljqdabz mlzmd ulal m|fq`-djlzzb+ D J`zjb jcdmdlzzdz ulalz al ulalz eubdajdzqjbmb& pbu lslmpfb& |md ulal fbjdf Lqcluklq+_dud ula|y`u d t|dkq`adal al daidjkj`dz ju`dadz& |m AU lzjbfc`ab pduduljlelu l a`x|fgdu `kbumdlz al ubqldmlkqb abz almd`z ubqldabulz& jbm d`kdf`adal al gdudkq`u t|l dz qdelfdz al qbpbfbg`d lzqlidm z`kjubk`ydadz+Qbabz bz ubqldabulz kd ulal m|fq`-djlzzb lzqdelfljlub daidjkj`dz jbm bAU l zl| edjn|p #EAU)+ Lzqd lfl`b gdkcd plfb ubqldabu jbm d md`z dfqdpu`bu`adal b|& jdzb ls`zqdm ab`z jbm d mlzmd pu`bu`adal& jbm b al U@Amd`bu>
V Edjn|p alz`gkdqla ub|qlu B edjn|p ab ubqldabu alz`gkdab #EAU) |m cbq
zqdkaeab AU+ B EAU uljlel qbadz dz `kbumdlz al dq|df`ydb al ubqdzabz ubqldabulz BZ_H daidjlkqlz& mdz kb dz pubpdgd>
Gfbzzub #jbkq+)
Daidjlkj
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F`kn Zqdql Daxluq`zlmlkq
Alz`gkdqla ub|qlu
Edjn|p alz`gkdqla ub|qlu
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 8
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
V BZ_H duldz uldz BZ_H zb |m dgu|pdmlkqbal ubqldabulz l ulalz jbkqg|dz+ Qbabz bzubqldabulz kd mlzmd uld jbmpduq`fcdm |mdDuld @A#@alkq``jdb al uld) jbm|m+ Jbmb |m
ubqldabu pbal zlu mlmeub al md`z al |md ulddb mlzmb qlmpb& d Duld @A dzzbj`dad d`kqludjlz lzplj`jdz ab ubqldabu+ @zqb plum`qlt|l& pbu lslmpfb& |md `kqludjl pluqlkd uld4 l b|qud uld ? #edjnebkl)+ Qbabz bzubqldabulz alkqub ad mlzmd uld qm d mlzmdqdelfd al qbpbfbg`d+ uldz BZ_H plum`qlmlzqdelfljlu |md c`ludut|`d kd ulal l d|mlkqdu dlzjdfde`f`adal ab BZ_H>
V Zq|e duldz BZ_H plum`ql t|l jluqdz uldz zlidm jbk`g|udadz jbmb zq|eduldz+ Lzzdz uldz qm dz zlg|`kqlz ulzqu`lz9 4+ Ubqdz lsqlukdz&`kbumdadz d pduq`u al b|qubz pubqbjbfbz& kb pbalm zlu pubpdgdadz klfdz#hfbbala)> 5+ B ubqldmlkqb alzzdz uldz pdud b m|kab lsqlu`bu edzldab lmubqdz pdaub> :+ Kb pbalm zlu uldz al qukz`qb pdud lkfdjlz x`uq|d`z klmpbalm zlu b edjnebkl> 1+ Kb pbalm jbkqlu |m DZEU+ Qbabz bz ubqldabulzklzzdz uldz zb jbk`g|udabz jbmb zq|e ub|qluz> lm |kb adz ulzqu`lz&lflz qlub |m edkjb al adabz al qbpbfbg`d ula|y`ab l mlkbu jbkz|mb almlmu`d> qbadz dz `kqludjlz t|l pluqlkjlm d lzzdz uldz qubjdm pdjbqlzal Clffb jbm |m hfdg`ka`jdkab t|l lzqd `kqludjl zq|e #e`qL)> qbabz bzubqldabulz ad uld alxlm jbkjbuadu t|dkqb db |zb ab hfdgpdud pbalulm zlu
x`y`kcbz>V Eubdajdzq#m|fq`-djjlzz) Ulalz eubdajdzqal djlzzb mfq`pfb #m|fq`-djjlzz)&
qd`z jbmb dz ulalz fbjd`z Lqcluklq& plum`qlm t|l mfq`pfbz a`zpbz`q`xbz zljbkljqlm #b| djlzzlm) mlzmd ulal& elm jbmb qdmem plum`qlm ddj`f`adal al eubdajdzq`kg& bkal |m k`jb pdjbql pbal zlu lkqulg|l d qbabzbz kz ad ulal+ \m AU l |m EAU qm t|l zlu lfl`qbz pdud jdad ulaleubdajdzq#m|fq`-djjlzz)>
V Kbk-eubdajdzq #m|fq`-djjlzz) Ulalz kbk-eubdajdzq#m|fq`-djjlzz) #KEMD)&qd`z jbmb dz ulalz Hudml Ulfd& S+5< #Ulkpdj) l Dzkjcubkb|z QudkzhluMbal #DQM) kb qm dj`f`adal al eubdajdzq`kgjbmb d ulal fbjdf Lqcluklq&
mdz plum`qlm djlzzb mfq`pfb+ Dzz`m& dz ulalz KEMD ult|lulm jbk`g|udblzplj`df ab BZ_H l dz ulfdlz al x`y`kcdkd pulj`zdm zlu al`k`adz>
V _b`kq-qb-pb`kq _bkqb-d-pbkqb |m q`pb al qbpbfbg`d al ulal kd t|df ls`zql|md jbklsb a`ulqd lkqul ab`z ubqldabulz bumdkab |m k`jb lkfdjl aljbm|k`jdb+ D jbklsb pbkqb-d-pbkqb pbal zlu z`jd& jbmb k|m lkfdjlzlu`df& b| fg`jd& jbmb k|m j`uj|`qb Hudml Ulfd+ Lm dmebz bz jdzbz& lzqlq`pb al jbk`g|udb lf`m`kd d kljlzz`adal al AUz b| EAUz& mdz bz x`y`kcbzzb alzjbeluqbz d|qbmdq`jdmlkql>
V _b`kq-qb-m|fq`pb`kq |m q`pb al qbpbfbg`d al ulal kd t|df ls`zql |md zu`l
al jbklslz lkqul |md k`jd `kqludjl al |m ubqldabu l mfq`pfbz ubqldabulzal alzq`kb+ Qbadz dz `kqludjlz al qbabz bz ubqldabulz t|l jbmpduq`fcdm d
Gfbzzub #jbkq+)
BZ_H duldz
Zq|e duldz
Eubdajdzq #m|fq`-djjlzz)
Kbk-eubdajdzq #m|fq`-djjlzz)
_b`kq-qb-pb`kq
_b`kq-qb-m|fq`pb`kq
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4? lslj|qddplkdz |md k`jd jp`d ab dfgbu`qmb alubqldmlkqb+
V D|qbkbmb|z Zzqlm #DZ) Ebualu Ub|qlu \mubqldabu t|l qubjd `kbumdlz al ubqldmlkqbjbm ubqldabulz pluqlkjlkqlz d b|qubz z`zqlmdzd|qkbmbz+
_djbqlz al Lzqdab al Lkfdjl
Bz a`lulkqlz q`pbz al pdjbqlz al lzqdab al lkfdjlmd`z jbm|kz lzqb `f|zqudabz kd `g|ud dj`md+ Zblflz9
V Ub|qlu f`knz Alzjulxlm b lzqdab l b j|zqb abzlkfdjlz ab ubqldabu #`kqludjlz) pdud d uld #`kqud-uld)>
V Klqwbun f`knz Bu`g`kdabz pbu |m Alz`gkdqlaUb|qlu#AU) pdud zlgmlkqbz m|fq`-djlzzb jbmmd`z al |m ubqldabu jbkljqdab+ Alzjulxl qbabz
bz ubqldabulz jbkljqdabz db zlgmlkqblzplj`jb>
BZ_H Ubqldabulz al ebuad l uld #5)
_djbqlz al Lzqdab al Lkfdjl
Ub|qlu F`knz
Klqwbun F`knz
Z|mmdup F`knz
Lsqlukdf F`knz
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_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb BZ_H _duql 5
V Z|mmdu f`knz Bu`g`kdabz zbmlkql pbu DEUz #Duld Ebualu Ub|qluz)+Alzjulxlm dz ulalz kb DZ bud al |md uld #`kqlu-uld)+ Qdmem alzjulxlmd fbjdf`ydb ab D|qbkbmb|z Zzqlm Ebualu Ub|qlu#DZEU)>
V Lsqlukdf f`knz Bu`g`kdabz pbu |m DZEU+ Alzjulxl bz alzq`kbz lsqlukbz db
DZ b| |md ubqd pdaub pdud bud ab DZ+
Jbmb mbzqudab dj`md& bz pdjbqlz ub|qlu f`knz zb |md `ka`jdb ab lzqdab adz`kqludjlz al |m ubqldabu t|l pluqlkjl d |md jluqd uld+ Jdad ubqldabu glud |mub|qlu f`knpdud qbadz dz z|dz `kqludjlz+
_djbqlz z|mmdu f`knz zb gludabz pbu DEUz+ Lzqd d mdkl`ud jbmb d`kbumdb al ubqdz adz ulalz a`zzlm`kdad lkqul uldz+ Kbumdfmlkql& qbad d`kbumdb lkx`dad pdud b edjnebkl #uld ?) l& pbu z|d xly& b edjnebkl dpubpdgd pdud dz b|qudz uldz+ DEUz qdmem qm d qduld al pubpdgdu d ubqd pdud
b DZEU+ Lzqd d mdkl`ud jbmb bz ubqldabulz jbkcljlm dz ubqdz lsqlukdz pdudb|qubz DZz+
_djbqlz klqwbun f`knz zb gludabz pbu |m AU k|m zlgmlkqb al ulal+ Lzqd`kbumdb |md `ka`jdb al qbabz bz ubqldabulz jbkljqdabz d |m pduq`j|fduzlgmlkqb m|fq`-djlzzb& qdf jbmb ulalz fbjd`z Lqcluklq& Qbnlk u`kg l HAA@& dfmal ulalz KEMD+
_djbqlz lsqlukdf f`knz zb |md `ka`jdb al ulalz bud ab DZ+ Lzzdz ulalz zb`kbumdadz db BZ_H x`d ula`zqu`e|`b+ B DZEU qlm d qduld al `kbumdu lzzdzubqdz pdud b DZ+
BZ_H Ulz|mb al h|kj`bkdmlkqb
\md jp`d `kalplkalkql ab dfgbu`qmb al ubqldmlkqbez`jb ab BZ_H ubad lm jdad uld+ Ubqldabulz t|lqm `kqludjlz pdud mfq`pfdz uldz ubadm mfq`pfdzjp`dz ab dfgbu`qmb+ D zlg|`u |m ulz|mb ab|kj`bkdmlkqb ab dfgbu`qmb al ubqldmlkqb+
T|dkab |m ubqldabu f`gdab& lfl pu`ml`ub `k`j`df`yd
dz lzqu|q|udz al adabz ab pubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb+B ubqldabu lkqb dg|duad d `ka`jdb abz pubqbjbfbzal jdmdadz `klu`bulz #lkfdjl al adabz l z`jd) alt|l z|dz `kqludjlz lzqb |kj`bkd`z+
B ubqldabu |zd b pubqbjbfb Clffb pdud jbkcljlu zl|z x`y`kcbz+ B ubqldabu lkx`dpdjbqlz al Clffb pdud zl|z x`y`kcbz l& lm qubjd& uljlel alflz pdjbqlz al Clffb+Lm ulalz pbkqb-d-pbkqb l eubdajdzq& b ubqldabu alqljqd a`kdm`jdmlkql zl|zx`y`kcbz lkx`dkab pdjbqlz al Clffb pdud b lkalulb m|fq`jdzq551+?+?+
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 8
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
V Duld-`a _dud ab`z ubqldabulz kb mlzmb zlgmlkqb& z|dz `kqludjlz qm t|lpluqlkjlu mlzmd uld kb zlgmlkqb>
V D|qclkq`jdq`bk BZ_H plum`ql d jbk`g|udb al |md zlkcd pdud d uldlzplj`jd+ Ubqldabulz t|l t|lulm zlu x`y`kcbz qm t|l qlu d mlzmd zlkcd
k|m zlgmlkqb lm pduq`j|fdu>
V Clffb dka Alda @kqluxdfz BZ_H qubjd pdjbqlz Clffb lm jdad zlgmlkqb> `zqb |md bumd al nllp df`xl |zdad plfbz ubqldabulz pdud jbkcljlu d ls`zqkj`dalflz k|m zlgmlkqb l qdmem pdud lfl`b al |m AU+
B `kqluxdfb al Clffb lzplj``jd b qlmpb& lm zlg|kabz& lkqul bz pdjbqlz Clffb t|l|m ubqldabu lkx`d k|md `kqludjl BZ_H+ B `kqluxdfb jcdmdab alda `kqluxdflzplj``jd b qlmpb #lm zlg|kabz) t|l bz pdjbqlz Clffb pbalm al`sdu al zlulkx`dabz dkqlz t|l |m ubqldabu zlid aljfdudab `kdq`xb #abwk)+ BZ_H ls`gl t|l
lzzlz ab`z `kqluxdfbz zlidm lsdqdmlkql `g|d`z lkqul ab`z x`y`kcbz+ Zl kb& bzubqldabulz kb zl qbukdub x`y`kcbz+
V Zq|e duld hfdg Ab`z ubqldabulz qdmem qm t|l jbkjbuadu jbm b zq|e duldhfdg#jdzb pluqlkdm dmebz d |md zq|e duld) kbz pdjbqlz Clffb& pdud t|lpbzzdm zlu x`y`kcbz+
B ubqldabu qlkqdu ju`du daidjkj`dz jbm dfg|kz al zl|z kbxbz x`y`kcbzjbkclj`abz+ Bz edkjbz al adabz al lzqdab al lkfdjl zb z`kjubk`ydabz lkqulpdulz al ubqldabulz daidjlkqlz+ Lm ulalz eubdajdzql KEMD& b AU alqlum`kdt|l bz ubqldabulz zl qbukdub daidjlkqlz+ Daidjkj`dz jbkqubfdm d a`zqu`e|`bal `kbumdb al ubqldmlkqb+ Dq|df`ydlz al ubqdz zb lkx`dadz l uljle`adz
zbmlkql lkqul ubqldabulz daidjlkqlz+
\m ubqldabu plu`ba`jdmlkql dk|kj`d zl| lzqdab& qdmem jcdmdab al lzqdab allkfdjl+ B lzqdab al lkfdjl qdmem dk|kj`dab t|dkab b lzqdab al |m ubqldabum|ad+ Dz daidjkj`dz al |m ubqldabu lzqb alzju`qdz kb jbkqlab abz FZDz+Lzql ulfdj`bkdmlkqb lkqul daidjkj`dz l lzqdab al lkfdjl plum`ql t|l bpubqbjbfb alqljql ubqdz `kdq`xdz al qlmpbz lm qlmpbz+
FZDz zb pubpdgdadz kd uld pbu hfbba`kg#`k|kadb)+ B dfgbu`qmb al hfbba`kgjbk`xlf& gdudkq`kab t|l qbabz bz ubqldabulz k|md uld qlkcdm lsdqdmlkql b
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Ubqldmlkqb dxdkdab Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 8
Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
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Lzjbfd Z|plu`bu al Ulalz UK_
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Zlzzb al dpulka`ydglm 8_ubqbjbfb al ubqldmlkqb BZ_H _duql 5
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7/23/2019 Roteamento avanado
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7/23/2019 Roteamento avanado
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45?
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