BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
2 Add Footer in Slide Master
State of Rural Canada
RPLC Webinar September 20, 2016
Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation/
Fondation Canadienne pour la Revitalisation
Rurale
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
3 Add Footer in Slide Master
Outline
• Introduction
• North
• Atlantic
• Ontario
• Saskatchewan
• British Columbia
• Recommendations
• Policy Responses
• Disucssion
3
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
4 Add Footer in Slide Master
Panelists
• Chris Southcott, Lakehead University
• Robert Greenwood, Harris Institute/Memorial
• Laurie Guimond, Universite Quebec Montreal
• Al Lauzon, University of Guelph
• Heather Hall, University of Waterloo
• Ryan Gibson, University of Guelph
• Laura Ryser, University of Northern BC
• Bill Ashton, University of Brandon, RDI
• Sean Markey, Simon Fraser University
4
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
5 Add Footer in Slide Master
Partners
• Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation
• Rural Policy Learning Commons
• Rural Development Institute
5
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
6 Add Footer in Slide Master
Volunteer Team • Lars Hallstrom
• Jennifer Stonechild
• Wilissa Reist
• Greg Halseth
• Laura Ryser
• Sean Markey
• Bill Ashton
• Wanda Wuttunee
• Stephanie LaBelle
• Ruth Mealy
• Tom Beckley
• Rob Greenwood
• Alvin Sims
• Nina Nunez
• Chris Southcott
• Ashley Mercer
• Pertice Moffitt
• Al Lauzon
• David Douglas
• Norm Regatlie
• Wayne Caldwell
• Jim Randall
• Don Desserud
• Katharine MacDonald
• Bruno Jean
• Laurie Guimond
• Heather Hall
• Rose Olfert
• Amanda Graham
• Ken Coates
6
• Alida Grelowski
• Roger Hayter
• Glen Schmidt
• Terri Macdonald
• Pat Curran
• Bill Reimer
• Ernest Heapy
• Russ McPherson
• Sarah-Patricia Breen
• Bojan Furst
• Ray Bollman
• Ryan Gibson
• Jo Fitzgibbons
• Mark Watson
• Elizabeth Fast
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
7 Add Footer in Slide Master
Report Structure, Intent
• Opinion, reflection vs. statistical report
• Thematic coherent:
– Demographic, Economic, Infrastructure and Services,
Aboriginal
– Key provincial, territorial
issues
– Analysis, synthesis
7
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
8 Add Footer in Slide Master
Rural Context • Economic restructuring
• Retreat from rural and
the dismantling of rural
institutions
• Population impacts
• Rural innovations
• Indigenous revival
8
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
9 Add Footer in Slide Master
Guiding Questions • How is rural Canada
changing?
• How does rural contribute / benefit broader society as a whole?
• What programs and policies are most likely to enhance rural vitality?
9
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
10 Add Footer in Slide Master
State of Rural…
Nunavut, the North
10
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
11 Add Footer in Slide Master
Community Population
2011
% change
from 2011 to
2001
% change
from 1991 to
2001
Nanisivik 0 -100.0 -73.8
Grise Fiord 130 -20.2 25.4
Resolute 214 -0.5 25.7
Chesterfield Inlet 313 -9.3 9.2
Whale Cove 407 33.4 29.8
Kimmirut 455 5.1 18.6
Qikiqtarjuaq 520 0.2 12.6
Hall Beach 546 -10.3 15.8
Kugaaruk 771 27.4 47.9
Sanikiluaq 812 18.7 30.0
Arctic Bay 823 27.4 19.0
Coral Harbour 834 17.1 23.2
Taloyoak 899 24.9 24.1
Clyde River 934 19.0 38.9
Repulse Bay 945 54.4 25.4
Gjoa Haven 1279 33.2 22.6
Cape Dorset 1363 18.7 19.5
Pangnirtung 1425 11.7 12.4
Kugluktuk 1450 19.6 14.4
Igloolik 1454 13.1 37.4
Pond Inlet 1549 27.0 25.3
Cambridge Bay 1608 22.8 17.3
Baker Lake 1872 24.2 27.1
Rankin Inlet 2266 4.1 27.6
Arviat 2318 22.1 43.5
Iqaluit 6699 27.9 47.4
Demographics – Nunavut population young and
growing
– Relatively low levels of out-migration
– Challenges related to education and human capital
– Issue of social pathologies
Governance – Increased self government but
capacity remains an issue
Economy – Importance of mixed economy
and public sector expenditures
– Mining increasing in importance
– Crafts, fishing, and tourism
– Interest in social economy
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
12 Add Footer in Slide Master
Challenges:
• Impacts of “historical trauma” – Social pathologies such
as suicide, alcohol and drug abuse, homicide and assault, and family violence
• Food security
• Infrastructure – Housing
– Energy
– Water
– Waste disposal
• Unemployment
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
13 Add Footer in Slide Master
State of Rural…
Atlantic
13
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
14 Add Footer in Slide Master
Atlantic Canada
Atlantic Canada is very rural, by whatever definition (there are many)
Urban adjacency helps
More remote / dispersed • More transportation is an issue • More exports matter • More declining / aging populations
Lots of exceptions: pockets of success
Long-distance commuting: economic gains; family and community challenges
Aboriginal communities have better demographics • But other social and economic challenges • And there are lots of exceptions
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
15 Add Footer in Slide Master
Atlantic Canada
Rural is resource-based • Production in many sectors very high • With higher productivity, more technology, less employment • Seasonality, dependence on EI continues (same with tourism) • Mining, energy boom and bust • Pulp and paper decline
Pockets of successful diversification • “large-scale” manufacturing • Small-scale niche production / manufacturing • Primary processing • Access to skilled management and labour increasingly difficult
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
16 Add Footer in Slide Master
Atlantic Canada
Governance
• Federal and Provincial support for regional development organizations reduced • Public (and private) services centralizing • Municipal Government very weak • Imperative of regional cooperation / service provision (NB implementing new
model) • Community Business Development Corporations one source of continuity (with
federal support) • Social Enterprise, NGOs, Co-ops filling some of capacity gap
“At a crossroads” / “precipice” / “tipping point” / “need for a vision”
Enduring resilience / some committed to rural life style: “it’s not home, but it’s not the city either”
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
17 Add Footer in Slide Master
State of Rural…
Ontario
17
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
18 Add Footer in Slide Master
Rural Ontario
• Five types of rural regions: urban fringe communities, agriculture communities, cottage country communities, mining/mill towns, Aboriginal communities
• 393 non-metro communities with 52 that have <100 residents and 288 with 1,000-24,999 residents
• 1.4 million Ontarians live in areas under 10,000 in population and 1.1 million live in communities >10,000 but <100,000
18
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
19 Add Footer in Slide Master
The Demographic Challenge of Non-
Metro Ontario • Non-Metro Ontario has experienced growth of 8.8%
between 1985-1991 and 0.5% between 2006-2011
• Future population projections for non-metro CDs: decline of youth (0-19) in all, a decline of young adults (20-44) in half, increases in most for middle aged adults (45-64) and growth in all for those over the age of 64
• Out migration of youth
• Immigration: in 2013 non-metro CDs received 1.5% of all immigrants residing in Ontario (1,601 out of 105,818)
19
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
20 Add Footer in Slide Master
Economic Opportunities and
Challenges for Non-metro CDs
• Goods-producing sectors constitute 25.7% employment, with manufacturing declining from 230,000 to 102,000 but construction showing some growth
• Services-producing sectors constitute 72.2% employment, remaining fairly steady and employing just under 900,000
• top employment sectors are health care and social assistance (13.0%), retail trade (12.6%), manufacturing (10.7%), construction (7.8%), and accommodation and food services (7.3%)
20
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
21 Add Footer in Slide Master
State of Rural…
Saskatchewan
21
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
22 Add Footer in Slide Master 22
Demographics Governance & Infrastructure Centralized Decision-making
1
2
3
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
23 Add Footer in Slide Master
Rural Demographic Trends
23
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
Total Rural Urban
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
24 Add Footer in Slide Master 24
781 incorporated
municipalities in
Saskatchewan
Rural municipalities
experiencing decline
190,000 kilometers of
rural roads
Access and connectivity
in the North
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
25 Add Footer in Slide Master
As part of the provincial budget, enterprise
regions will no longer receive funding, which
means it's now up for individual communities
to decide if the program should continue.
25
By: Ashley Wills
March 28, 2012
Concerns for the future of rural
enterprise regions
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
26 Add Footer in Slide Master
State of Rural…
British Columbia
26
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
27 Add Footer in Slide Master
Re-examining Governance Roles
A turbulent landscape:
• Keynesian to neoliberal policy shift
• Local gov’t struggle with perceived responsibility for social issues
• Service clubs / community groups need to renew vision / mandates (i.e. parks, housing, transit, etc.)
• Industry restructuring community programs
• Unsettled land claims – Tsilhqot’in decision – Lands excluded from gov’t jurisdiction
• Lack of governance structures to understand cumulative socio-economic impacts – Local / regional level
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
28 Add Footer in Slide Master
Limited Re-Investment in Rural BC
• Limited re-investment in capacity / infrastructure
– Post-war investments replaced with lack of
investment
– Aging infrastructure (i.e. transportation /
housing)
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
30 Add Footer in Slide Master
Limited Re-Investment in Rural BC • Limited re-investment in capacity / infrastructure
– Post-war investments replaced with lack of investment
– Aging infrastructure (i.e. transportation / housing)
• Ownership of assets / leases
– Example: Neighbourhood Learning Centres
– Senior gov’ts retain ownership
– Impedes long-term capacity / resilience of groups
• Limited investment in civil society / voluntary sector
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
31 Add Footer in Slide Master
A Smarter Rural BC?
• Policy calls for collaborative shared service arrangements
– Ambiguous definition
– Support for transition / coordination is limited
• Limited investment in social infrastructure
• Limited flexibility doesn’t recognize rural context
– Administrative, heating / utility, travel costs
– Don’t understand low program numbers
– Reporting processes still function in silos
• Not responsive to regional waves
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
32 Add Footer in Slide Master
Recommendations…
32
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
33 Add Footer in Slide Master
Recommendation #1
• Provincial and Federal governments must
develop new and robust visions and policy
frameworks for rural Canada.
33
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
34 Add Footer in Slide Master
Recommendation #2
• Rural communities must be active
participants in understanding, planning and
investing in their own futures.
• From Case-making
to Place-making!
34
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
35 Add Footer in Slide Master
Recommendation #3
• All Canadians must participate in the window of opportunity that follows the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada to acknowledge and seek serious corrective steps to heal the “historical trauma” suffered by Aboriginal peoples in this country.
35
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
36 Add Footer in Slide Master
Policy Responses
Heather Hall Assistant Professor
School of Environment, Enterprise and Development
University of Waterloo
Ryan Gibson Assistant Professor
School of Environmental Design and Rural Development
University of Guelph
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
37 Add Footer in Slide Master
Responses to SORC
• 15,839 unique downloads
• 2015 federal election candidate questions
• SORC Report circulated to MPs and Senators; meetings being requested to discuss implications
• Informal discussions with provincial departments
• Presentations delivered across the country
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
38 Add Footer in Slide Master
Policy Context
• Rural policy context largely unchanged since
report issued
• Commodity price downturn deepens
• Some provinces still shifting away from rural
development
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
39 Add Footer in Slide Master
Policy Opportunities
• New federal government, new initiatives
• Upcoming provincial and municipal elections
• Innovative rural research with new evidence
• Foster connections among rural stakeholders
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
40 Add Footer in Slide Master
Questions????
• What should the future of rural development look like at the federal level? – Department, program, other?
• Does having a federal rural development (institution, policy, program) matter?
• What are examples of rural innovation in your region?
40
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
41 Add Footer in Slide Master
Rural Engagement
• Crossroads…
• Authentic
engagement
• Rural leadership
• Rural
participation
41
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
42 Add Footer in Slide Master
State of Rural Canada: www.sorc.crrf.ca
Rural Policy Learning Commons:
www.rplc-capr.ca
Canadian Rural Revitalization
Foundation: www.crrf.ca
Rural Routes Podcasts –
www.ruralroutespodcasts.com
42
BUILDING RURAL POLICY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
43 Add Footer in Slide Master