ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universiteti
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti
inglisuri filologia
rusudan jafariZe
sinesTezuri metafora: lingvo-kulturuli specifika vs
individualoba (inglisur da qarTul enaTa masalaze)
filologiis doqtoris (PhD) akademiuri xarisxis
mosapoveblad
warmodgenili
d i s e r t a c i a
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori
asoc. profesori: nino daraselia
Tbilisi
2015
avtoris stili daculia
2
sarCevi
Sesavali......................................................................................................................... 5
Tavi I sinesTeziis raoba da misi lingvisturi realizaciis
zogadi maxasiaTeblebi
1.1. Sesavali................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2. aRqmiT kategoriaTa tipebi da zogadi daxasiaTeba................................... 10
1.3. sinesTeziis tipebi......................................................................................................................... 13
1.3.1. Tandayolili da xelovnuri sinesTezia............................................................ 16
1.4. I Tavis daskvna............................................................................................................................ ....... 17
II Tavi konceptualuri metafora da sinesTezia
2.1 konceptualuri metaforis raoba..................................................................................... 19
2.1.1. konceptualuri metafora da kultura.................................................................. 20
2.2. sinesTezuri konceptualuri metaforebi Tanamedrove inglisur
da qarTul yofiT metyvelebaSi................................................................................................ 23
2.2.1. emociebis Semcveli sinesTezuri konceptualuri metaforebi
inglisursa da qarTul yofiT metyvelebaSi............................................................... 29
2.3. II Tavis daskvna....................................................................................................... .......................... 36
III Tavi sinesTezuri metaforebi XVI-XVII saukuneebis inglisur
da qarTul poeziaSi
3.1. sinesTezuri metaforebi uiliam Seqspiris SemoqmedebaSi..................... 39
3.2. qveTavis daskvna.................................................................................................................................. 60
3.3. sinesTezuri metaforebi Teimuraz I-s SemoqmedebaSi............................... 62
3.4. qveTavis daskvna................................................................................................................................ .. 89
3.5. III Tavis daskvna....................................................................................................... ........................... 90
3
IV Tavi sinesTezuri metaforebi XVIII- XIX saukuneebis inglisel da
qarTvel poetTa SemoqmedebaSi
4.1. sinesTezuri metafora besarion gabaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi................ 91
4.2. qveTavis daskvna...................................................................................................................... ............. 104
4.3. sinesTezuri metaforebi uiliam uordsvorTis SemoqmedebaSi...........105
4.4 qveTavis daskvna................................................................................................................................... 108
4.5. sinesTezuri metaforebi jon kitsis SemoqmedebaSi..................................... 109
4.6. qveTavis daskvna................................................................................................................................... 116
4.7. sinesTezuri metaforebi elisabed brauningis SemoqmedebaSi............ 116
4.8. qveTavis daskvna.................................................................................................................................. 128
4.9. sinesTezuri metaforebi grigol orbelianis SemoqmedebaSi..............129
4.10. qveTavis daskvna................................................................................................................................. 135
4.11. sinesTezuri metaforebi nikoloz baraTaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi....135
4.12. qveTavis daskvna................................................................................................................................. 138
4.13. IV Tavis daskvna.............................................................................................. ................................ 138
V Tavi sinesTezuri metaforebi XX saukunis inglisel da qarTvel
poetTa nimuSebSi
5.1. sinesTezuri metaforebi galaktion tabiZis SemoqmedebaSi.................. 140
5.2 qveTavis daskvna...................................................................................................................... ............. 157
5.3. sinesTezuri metaforebi tician tabiZis SemoqmedebaSi............................. 157
5.4. qveTavis daskvna.................................................................................................................................. 162
5.5. sinesTezuri metaforebi uiliam batler ieitsis SemoqmedebaSi.... 162
5.6. qveTavis daskvna....................................................................................................................................166
5.7. sinesTezuri metaforebi robert frostis SemoqmedebaSi....................... 166
5.8. qveTavis daskvna...................................................................................................................... .............. 170
4
5.9. V Tavis daskvna............................................................................................ ...................................... 170
saerTo daskvna......................................................................................................... .................................... 172
bibliografia................................................................................................................ ................................ 177
5
Sesavali
winamdebare naSromi ganixilavs sinesTeziasa da sinesTezur metaforas
inglisur da qarTul enaTa da kulturaTa masalaze.
Temis aqtualobas gansazRvravs Semdegi: sinesTeziis movlena da, kerZod,
sinesTezuri metafora naklebad aris Seswavlili rogorc qarTul, aseve
inglisur enaSi. naSromSi warmodgenilia aRniSnuli movlenis
SepirispirebiTi analizi.
naSromis mizania:
1.Seiswavlos sinesTeziis lingvisturi realizaciis Taviseburebebi
inglisur da qarTul enebsa da kulturebSi.
2.daadginos sinesTeziis realizaciis zogadlingvisturi da kulturuli
specifikiT ganpirobebuli ATaviseburebani.
3.gaaanalizos sinesTezuri metaforebi:
a) sxvadasxva epoqis inglisurenovan da qarTul poetur nimuSebSi;
b) Tanamedrove inglisur da qarTul yofiT metyvelebaSi.
naSromis siaxle mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
1.warmodgenilia sinesTeziis SepirispirebiTi kvleva inglisur da
qarTul enaTa da kulturaTa masalaze.
2.dadgenilia sinesTeziis realizaciis zogadlingvisturi da
kulturuli specifikiT ganpirobebuli Taviseburebani inglisursa da
qarTulSi.
3.sinesTezuri metafora gaanalizebulia konceptualuri metaforis
Teoriis TvalsazrisiT.
4.sinesTeziis movlena Seswavlilia rogorc inglisur da qarTul yofiT
metyvelebaSi, aseve sxvadasxva epoqis inglisurenovan da qarTvel poetTa
SemoqmedebaSi.
5.gamovlenilia calkeuli poetis enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sinesTezuri
aRqma.
naSromis Teoriul safuZvels qmnis Semdegi lingvisturi Teoriebi:
konceptualuri metaforis Teoria (Lakoff & Johnson 1980; Lakoff 1993; Steen &
Gibbs 2004; Steen 2002; Reddy 1979; Yu 2003, 2004; Day 1996; Kovecses 2005, 2008, 2010;
Goatly 2007); semantikuri diferencialebis Teoria (Ginzburg et al. 1979);
6
naSromebi fsiqologiis sferoSi: (naTaZe 1977; uznaZe 1940, 1956; Hupka et al.
1997); naSromebi sinesTeziaze: (Cytowic 1995, 2002; Baron-Cohen 1996; Martino &
Marks 2001, 2011; Ramachandran & Hubbard 2001, 2003).
naSromSi gamoyenebulia Semdegi kvlevis meTodebi: deskrifciuli,
sityvis komponenturi analizis, SepirispirebiTi da statistikuri
analizis meTodebi.
sakvlev masalad gamoyenebul iqna sxvadasxva epoqis inglisurenovani da
qarTuli literaturis nimuSebi, kerZod:
inglisuri empiriuli masala:
uiliam Seqspiri (1564_1616), 154 soneti, 1 piesa: “Twelfth Night”;
uiliam uordsvorTi (1770_1850), 20 leqsi;
jon kitsi (1795_1821), 51 leqsi;
elisabed brauningi (1806-1861), 15 leqsi;
uiliam batler ieitsi (1865-1939), 15 leqsi;
robert frosti (1874-1963), 20 leqsi;
qarTuli empiriuli masala:
Teimuraz I (1589-1663), 5 leqsi, 5 poema: ,,majama”, ,,wameba qeTevan
dedoflisa”, ,,vard-bulbuliani”, ,,Sami-farvaniani”, ,,Sedareba
gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”;
besiki (1750_1791), 44 nawarmoebi, 4 poema: ,,aspinZisaTvis”, ,,ruxis brZola”,
,,samZimari”, ,,rZal-dedamTiliani”;
grigol orbeliani (1804_1883), 30 leqsi, 1 poema:,,sadRegrZelo, anu omis
Semdgom Rame lxini, erevnis siaxloves”;
nikoloz baraTaSvili (1817_1845), 35 leqsi, 1 poema:,,bedi qarTlisa”;
galaktion tabiZe (1891_1959), 452 leqsi, 1 poema:,,jon ridi”;
tician tabiZe (1893_1937), 80 leqsi, 5 poema: ,,cxeni angelosiT”, ,,poemidan
,,Tvrameti weli”, ,,rioni _ porti”, ,,roald amundseni”, ,,guldagul”;
akaki wereTeli, 1 leqsi: ,,xatis win”;
ilia WavWavaZe, 1 publicisturi werili: ,,Cveni xalxi da ganaTleba”;
inglisuri internetgazeTebi: “The Times”, “The Guardian” (www.thetimes.co.uk,
www.theguardian.com ).
7
qarTuli internetgazeTebi: ,,kviris palitra”, ,,alia” (www.alia.ge,
www.kvirispalitra.ge )
naSromis Teoriuli da praqtikuli Rirebuleba:
inglisur da qarTul enaTa masalaze Catarebulma kvlevam gamoavlina
sinesTeziis lingvisturi realizaciis rogorc zogadi, universaluri
maxasiaTeblebi, aseve inglisuri da qarTuli kulturebis specifikiT
ganpirobebuli Taviseburebani. aseve, gamokveTil iqna calkeuli avtoris
SemoqmedebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sinesTezuri xedva. kvlevis Sedegad
miRebuli daskvnebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes kognitiuri lingvistikis,
diskursis analizisa da stilistikis Teoriul kursebSi. empiriuli
masalis analizis nimuSebi ki SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes praqtikul
saseminaro mecadineobebisas.
naSromis struqtura da moculoba: naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlis, 5 Tavisa
(I Tavi _ ,,sinesTeziis raoba da misi lingvisturi realizaciis zogadi
maxasiaTeblebi”; II Tavi _ ,,konceptualuri metafora da sinesTezia”; III
Tavi _ ,,sinesTezuri metaforebi XVI-XVII saukuneebis inglisur da
qarTul poeziaSi”; IV Tavi _ ,,sinesTezuri metaforebi XVIII-XIX
saukuneebis inglisel da qarTvel poetTa SemoqmedebaSi”; V Tavi _
,,sinesTezuri metaforebi XX saukunis inglisel da qarTvel poetTa
nimuSebSi”), saerTo daskvnisa da bibliografiisagan. sadisertacio
naSromi Seicavs kompiuterulad nabeWdi teqstis 188 gverds.
8
I Tavi
sinesTeziis raoba da misi lingvisturi
realizaciis zogadi maxasiaTeblebi
1.1.Sesavali
"It is imagination that first
taught man the moral meaning of
color, of contour, of sound, and of
scent. In the beginning of the world it
created analogy and metaphor."—
Charles Baudelaire
rogorc cnobilia, adamianis mier samyaros mTeli sisruliT aRqma da
Secnoba damokidebulia 5 ZiriTad grZnobaze: smena, Sexeba, xedva, ynosva
da gemo. es grZnobebi ara marto samyarosTan urTierTobisTvis
gvWirdeba, aramed yoveldRiuri komunikaciis drosac. sayuradReboa, rom
xSirad yofiT metyvelebaSi aRniSnul aRqmis tipebs warmovadgenT ara
gancalkevebulad, ganyenebulad, aramed Serwymulad, sinesTezurad. maTi
Serwyma xdeba metaforis saSualebiT. metafora xom ,,sensoruli cnebebis
universaluri mTargmnelia.” (Metaphor is a universal translator of sensory concepts.
Heyrman2005) magaliTad, qarTulSi xSirad viyenebT iseT frazebs
rogoricaa: myvirala ferebi, civi xma, tkbili xma, mware mogoneba,
tkbili sizmrebi. inglisur enaSi ki vxvdebiT Semdeg metaforebs: sweet
personality, bright idea, bright future, cool and warm colours, sweet music, frozen silence, bitter
cold, prickly laugh. CamoTvlili magaliTebi aris sinesTezuri metaforis
nimuSebi.
rogorc cnobilia, sinesTezia (berZn. Συναίσθησις_EerTdrouli
SegrZneba, erToblivi grZnoba, TanaSegrZneba) aRqmis iseTi movlenaa,
rodesac erTi grZnobis organos gaRizianebisas misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
specifikuri SegrZnebis paralelurad Cndeba sxva grZnobis organosTvis
9
damaxasiaTebeli SegrZnebac, mag: ynosviTi aRqmis ferTan dakavSireba,
smeniTi aRqmis ferTan dakavSireba da a.S. (int.wy.: vikipedia)
cnobilia, rom yvela adamiani met-naklebad sinesTezurad aRiqvams
samyaros. es vlindeba enobriv doneze, leqsikuri erTeulebis
saSualebiT. ra ferisaa aso ,,a”? risi gemo aqvs cifrs ,,1”? SeiZleba Tu
ara musikas hqondes rame forma an gemo? Mmsgavs kiTxvebs adamianTa
umetesobisgan pasuxad an kategoriuli ,,ara” an gaoceba mosdevs, arada
es kiTxvebi sruliad bunebrivad JRers im adamianebisTvis, visac
,,sinesTetebs” uwodeben.
am fenomenis amoxsnas cdiloben sxvadasxva dargis mecnierebi.
sinesTezia aris iseTi disciplinebis kvlevis obieqti, rogoricaa:
fsiqologia, neirofsiqologia, lingvistika, fsiqolingvistika.
sinesTezias bevri ramis Tqma SeuZlia fsiqolingvistikaze: kerZod, ris
saSualebas aZlevs ena gonebas da piriqiT _ goneba enas.
sinesTeziis kvlevis zenitad miiCneven XVIII saukunis damlevsa da XIX
saukunis dasawyiss. sinesTeziis nervuli meqanizmebis kvlevaSi CarTulni
arian Semdegi mecnierebi: lorens marksi (Marks 2001, 2011); ramaCandrani da
habardi (Ramachandran and Hubbard 2001, 2003); saimon baron-koeni (Baron-
Cohen1996); citoviCi (Cytowic 1989, 1995); dei (Day 1996). maTi damsaxurebaa,
rom sinesTezia aRar miiCneva ,,samarcxvino gadaxrad’’: am niWis mqone
adamianebi xSirad arc ki amxeldnen, rom isini gansxvavebulad
aRiqvamdnen gare samyaros.
cnobili adamianebidan ki sinesTetebi iyvnen: amerikeli fizikosi
riCard feinmeni, romelic Tavis avtobiografiaSi _ ,,ratom gainteresebs
ras fiqroben sxva adamianebi?”(“What Do You Care What Other People Think?”)
aRwers, Tu rogor ferebSi xedavs is gantolebebs; aseve germaneli
kompozitori ludvig van beThoveni, ungreli kompozitori ferenc listi,
rusi kompozitorebi nikoloz rimski-korsakovi da aleqsandre skriabini,
rusi mxatvari vasili kandinski da sxva. kandinski erT-erTi yvelaze
cnobili sinesTetia. is aris avtori Semdegi sityvebisa:,,feri aris
gasaRebi. Tvali aris CaquCi. suli aris pianino Tavisi bevri simiT.
xelovani aris xeli, romelic ama Tu im klaviSis SexebiT iwyebs sulis
10
rxevas avtomaturad.” ("Colour is the key. The eye is the hammer. The soul is the
piano with its many chords. The artist is the hand that, by touching this or that key, sets
the soul vibrating automatically."(Kandinsky 2011). aionisa da taileris
TvalsazrisiT (Ione, Tyler 2003), kandinskis naxatebi aris melodiuri, maTSi
igrZnoba musika. man mTeli cxovreba gaatara formebisa da ferebis
idealuri kombinaciis ZebnaSi imisaTvis, rom eCvenebina xalxisTvis, Tu
rogor xedavda is samyaros. is cxovrobda ferad da melodiur
samyaroSi, misi kompoziciebi aris swored am samyaros gadmocemis
mcdeloba, rac maT xelovnebis namdvil nimuSebad aqcevs. cnobilia misi
interesi ,,feradi smenis” mimarT. bavSvobidan meviolines, hqonda kargad
ganviTarebuli musikis grZnoba da sakmao gamocdilebac. misi musikaluri
eqsperimenti ,,yviTeli bgera” (“The Yellow Sound”)iyo yvelaze adreuli da
sakmaod didi gamoxmaurebis mqone drama, sadac feri da toni erwymis
erTmaneTs. aseTi warmodgenebi, a. skriabinis ‘’promeTesTan” (1910) erTad,
aris Semoqmedis TviTgamoxatvis inovaciuri xerxi. kandinskim sakuTari
Teoriebi ferebsa da sinesTeziaze gadmosca wignSi _ ,,sulierebis
Sesaxeb xelovnebaSi.” (“Concerning the Spiritual in Art”1911).sazRvargareT
popularuli iyo koncertebi, romlis drosac gamoiyeneboda organi,
romlis klaviSebi bgerebTan erTad garkveul ferebsac
gamoscemda.zogadad, musikaluri tonebi: maJoruli da minoruli
tonalobebi Cveulebriv adamianebSic iwveven ferebTan asociaciebs:
maJorTan akavSireben ufro Ria ferebs, xolo minorTan _ bnel, muq
ferebs.
1.2. aRqmiT kategoriaTa tipebi da zogadi daxasiaTeba
cnobili qarTveli fsiqologis r. naTaZis TvalsazrisiT, modalobebi,
anu informaciis miRebis saxeobani grZnobaTa organoebis saSualebiT,
iyofa ,,maRal” da ,,dabal” SegrZnebebad. ,,maRals akuTvneben
mxedvelobisa da smenis, xolo dabals _ yvela danarCen SegrZnebas.
pirveli oris maRal SegrZnebad aRiarebas safuZvlad udevs Semdegi
11
mosazrebani: esTetikur aRqmas, romelic maRal, specifikurad adamianur
gancdas warmoadgens, mxolod am ori modalobis _ mxedvelobisa da
smenis SegrZnebebis masala iZleva: xelovnebis nawarmoebis an bunebis
peizaJis aRqma, romelic esTetikuri tkbobis aRmZvrels warmoadgens,
mxolod optikuri an akustikuri SegrZnebis masalas eyrdnoba,
musikaluri nawarmoebi, suraTi, qandakeba, literaturuli nawarmoebi,
peizaJi da a.S. akustikurad an optikurad aRiqmeba. danarCeni modalobebi
esTetikuri aRqmis masalas normaluri adamianisTvis arasdros ar
warmoadgenen. zogierTi avtori am dayofas (maRal da dabal
SegrZnebebad) asabuTebs genetikuri ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac: smenis
da mxedvelobis SegrZnebebi sxva modalobebTan SedarebiT genetikurad
ufro maRal safexurs warmoadgenen.” (naTaZe 1977:59)
inglisur saenaTmecniero statiebSi am terminebis _ maRali da dabali
gverdiT gvxvdeba aseve Semdegi terminebi: ,,perceftualuri’’ da
,,konceptualuri” (an ,,kognitiuri”) da es, SesaZloa, aixsneba imiT, rom
aRqma adamianis ufro adreuli unaria da, maSasadame, ufro Canasaxovani
etapi informaciis damuSavebis, vidre semantikuri informaciis aqtivacia
da damuSaveba. (Mroczko-Wasowicz, Nikolic 2014)
ganvixiloT TiToeuli modaloba cal-calke:
SexebiTi anu taqtiluri aRqma
Sexeba sagrZnoblad afarToebs Cvens warmodgenas garemoze, asrulebs
mniSvnelovan rols mis aRqmaSi, masTan adaptaciaSi.
SexebiTi SegrZnebebi mravalnairia: simagre, sirbile, elastiuroba,
siblagve, simaxvile, fxviereba, webovaneba, simSrale, sineste, sisvele da
a.S. Sexeba warmodgenas gviqmnis sagnis sigluvesa Tu xorklianobaze,
sirbilesa Tu simyareze, formaze, zomasa Tu temperaturaze. es
yvelaferi im receptorebis - mgrZnobiare nervuli warmonaqmnebis _
wyalobiT xdeba, romlebic Cvens kanSia "CamontaJebuli".
Sexeba saSualebas gvaZlevs, SevafasoT Cven garSemo arsebuli sagnebis
forma, zoma, zedapiris Tavisebureba, konsistencia, temperatura,
simSrale da sinotive, sivrceSi mdebareoba da gadaadgileba.
12
ynosviTi anu olfaqtoruli aRqma
aRsaniSnavia, rom ynosva axdens zemoqmedebas sxva modalobis
SegrZnebebze, gansakuTrebiT ki gemoze: saWmlis suni Tavisebur elfers
aZlevs mis gemos.
gemovnebiTi aRqma
gemos SegrZnebaSi sakuTriv gemos modalobis garda monawileobas
iReben ynosvis, temperaturisa da Sexebis modalobebi.
gemos SegrZnebebis mravalgvarobidan gamoyofen oTx ZiriTad Tvisebas:
tkbils, mwares, mJaves da mlaSes.
smeniTi anu audialuri aRqma
smenis saSualebiT vaxerxebT erTmaneTTan urTierTobas. aseve ,,SigniTa
yuri” gvexmareba wonasworobis SenarCunebaSi. r. naTaZis mixedviT
tonebis Tvisebebs aRniSnaven xolme sxva modalobebidan aRebuli
terminebiT: tonis sinaTle (naTeli da bneli tonebi), tonis masiuroba,
savse tonebi, maxvili tonebi da a.S. (naTaZe 1977)
mxedvelobiTi anu vizualuri aRqma
gare samyaroSi sagnebis aRqmis da informaciis miRebis procesi
mxedvelobis saSualebiT xorcieldeba. Tvalis meSveobiT vxedavT sad
mdebareobs da rogoria esa Tu is sagani. aseve misi saSualebiT
aRviqvamT sagnebis ferebs da maT simkveTres.
feris SegrZnebis adamianze zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb r. naTaZe Tavis
naSromSi ,,zogadi fsiqologia” ambobs, rom jer kidev goeTes hqonda
dadasturebuli ferTa aRqmis gavlena adamianis gunebaze. speqtris
ferebisTvis ,,Tbili” da ,,civi” ferebis saxelwodebac, romelic dRes
mecnierul terminebs warmoadgens, pirvelad swored goeTem SemoiRo.
(naTaZe 1977:103)
13
1.3. sinesTeziis tipebi
sinesTeziisTvis damaxasiaTebeli SegrZnebebi, aris ra uneburi, aRiqmeba
sinesTetis mier rogorc gare samyaros aRqmis ganuyofeli, realuri
nawili. Tanamedrove mkvlevrebi am fenomens pirveli xuTi mgrZnobelobis
unaris Semdeg (mxedveloba, smena, ynosva, Sexeba, gemovneba) uwodeben
meeqvse grZnobas.
msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebis sinesTeturi sazogadoebebis mixedviT,
adamianebSi am movlenis arsebobis gansxvavebuli statistikuri
monacemebi arsebobs. magaliTad, aSS-s sinesTeturi sazogadoebis
mixedviT es fenomeni yovel 30 000 adamianSi mxolod erTi SemTxvevaa,
xolo analogiuri iaponuri sazogadoebis monacemTa mixedviT es movlena
vlindeba yovel 50 000 adamianidan erTSi.
aseve cnobilia, rom sinesTeziis movlena gadadis STamomavlobiT da am
dros SesaZlebelia isic, rom erTsa da imave ojaxSi iyos ori an
ramdenime sinesTeti. magaliTad, cnobil rus mwerals, sinesTets
v.nabokovs deda, meuRle da Svili hyavda am meeqvse grZnobis matareblebi.
specialuri literaturis mixedviT 60-mde sinesTeziis forma arsebobs,
Tumca cotam Tu gauZlo mecnieruli kvlevis kritikas. ar aris zustad
dadgenili, romeli formaa yvelaze gavrcelebuli, magram, rogorc
zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, ferebis meSveobiT bgerebis, sityvebis an
musikis aRqma, anu qromesTezia, sinesTeziis yvelaze xSiri gamovlinebaa.
(Cytowic 1989; Harrison & Baron-Cohen 1997). sxva mecnierebis azriT, ki
sinesTetebis 68%-s aqvs sinesTeziis iseTi forma, rodesac asoebs da
cifrebs ferebSi aRiqvamen. (Day 2005)am movlenis utyuaroba advilad
damtkicda testiT, romelic cnobilma nevrologma vilaianur
ramaCandranma da fsiqologma eduard habardma Caatara: maT qvemoT
mocemul suraTze gamosaxuli ricxvebidan orianebis povna daavales
eqsperimentSi monawileebs: sinesTetebma feris saSualebiT gacilebiT
adre SeZles es, vidre im adamianebma, visac es ,,niWi” ar hqondaT.
14
(Ramachandran, Hubbard 2001)
yvelaze naklebad gavrcelebul formad asaxeleben aRqmiTi
kategoriebis Semdeg kombinaciebs: smeniT-olfaqtoruls, gemovnebiT-
taqtilurs da taqtilur-olfaqtoruls. leqsikuri erTeulebis gemos
saSualebiT aRqma SedarebiT iSviaTi formaa, am dros adamians sxvadasxva
sityvebis an fonemebis gagonebisas pirSi uCndeba sxvadasxva gemos
SegrZneba. arsebobs aseve asoebis, ricxvebis, dReebis, Tveebis
personifikaciis SemTxvevebic. ser frensis galtonma pirvelad aRmoaCina,
rom arsebobs sinesTeziis iseTi formac, roca ricxvebis sivrculi
ganlageba xdeba mentalur rukaze. bolo monacemebis mixedviT, agreTve
arsebobs am fenomenis gansxvavebuli formebic, romlebic Tavisi
unikalurobiT gansxvavdebian tipuri sinesTezuri formebisgan,
magaliTad, tkivilis feriT aRqma, romelic sinesTeziis sakmaod iSviaTi
formaa. sinesTeziasTan dakavSirebiT erTi ram sagulisxmoa: rogorc
dadginda, sinesTezias axasiaTebs stabiluroba: Tu magaliTisTvis,
adamiani TiToeul musikalur nots specifikuri ferebiT aRiqvams an
TiToeuli aso an cifri masSi yovelTvis erTsa da imave gansakuTrebul
fers aRZravs, es ar xdeba spontanurad da ar aris cvalebadi. es
stabilurad ase aRiqmeba sinesTetis mier. amis gadamowmeba testis
Sedegadac aris SesaZlebeli. (Baron-Cohen, Burt, Smith-Laittan, Harrison, Bolton
1996) Tumca, ar arsebobs universaluri ferebi, romlebzec sinesTetebi
Tanxmdebian asoebis, bgerebis an cifrebis SemTxvevaSi. sinesTeturi aRqma
individualuria da yoveli aso, bgera, noti Tu ricxvi sxvadasxvanairad
aRiqmeba sxvadasxva sinesTetis mier (Cytowic 1989). rac Seexeba meore
Tvisebas, rac sinesTezias axasiaTebs: mas aqvs mimarTuleba. Tu adamiani
konkretul gemos romelime ferSi aRiqvams, es ar niSnavs imas, rom am
15
feris danaxva aucileblad gamoiwvevs am adamianSi imave gemos. aseT
sinesTezias uwodeben erT mimarTulebians (uni-directional). bevri mecnieri
Tvlida, rom sinesTezuri aRqma yovelTvis erTi mimarTulebiT xdeboda,
(Mills, Boteler, & Oliver 1999). magram axlaxans Catarebulma eqsperimentebma
cxadyo, rom arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac sinesTezuri aRqma ori
mimarTulebiT xdeba (bi-directional), magaliTad, rodesac konkretuli
ricxvi individSi garkveul fers aRZravs da es feri _ am feris
gamomwvev ricxvs. (Gevers, Imbo, Kadosh, Fias, Hartsuiker 2010).
sinesTeziis movlena yovelTvis moiazrebs or komponents: stimuls
(Inducer),rac uSualod iwvevs am Tu im SegrZnebas da pasuxs/reaqcias
(Inductant) am stimulze (Marks 2011). sinesTeziis gamomwvevi stimulebi da
pasuxebi SeiZleba iyos heteromodaluri (gansxvavebuli modalobis
SegrZnebebi) da homomodaluri (erTi da imave modalobis sxvadasxva
ganzomilebebis SegrZnebebi). modalobaSi, rogorc ukve aRiniSna,
igulisxmeba sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoria. magaliTad, sinesTeziis iseTi
movlena, romlis drosac sxvadasxva sityva gansxvavebul ferebSi
aRiqmeba, SeiZleba iyos orive tipis: a) Tuki es sityvebi werilobiTi
formiTaa warmodgenili, maSin homomodaluri sinesTeziis SemTxveva
gvaqvs saxeze, radgan orive stimulic da pasuxic vizualur kategorias
ganekuTvneba; b) xolo, Tu warmoTqmuli sityvebia stimuli, maSin
sinesTezia heteromodaluria, radgan aRqmis ori tipi monawilebs masSi:
rogorc audialuri, aseve vizualuri (Marks 2011).
aRqmis kategoriebis CarTulobis mixedviT ganasxvaveben sinesTeziis or
formas: Zliersa da susts. Zlieri tipis sinesTezur metaforaSi orive _
wyaro da samizne sfero perceftualuria, susti tipi ki warmodgenilia
erTi perceftualuri sferoTi.Ggansxvaveba Zliersa da sust formebs
Soris aris samizne sfero, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Zlier sinesTezur
metaforebSi orive-rogorc samizne, ise sawyisi sfero aris
perceftualuri. xolo sust sinesTezur metaforebSi mxolod erTi
perceftualuri sferoa warmodgenili.
aseve, sainteresoa mecnierebis azri sinesTeziis warmoSobasTan da
gamomwvev mizezebTan dakavSirebiT: zogierTi mecnieris azriT,
sinesTeziis fesvebi genetikaSi unda veZeboT (Asher et al. 2009). aseve
16
amtkicebdnen, rom am movlenis gamovlenis sixSire mdedrobiTi sqesis
warmomadgenelebSi 6-jer ufro maRali iyo, vidre mamrobiT sqesSi (Baron-
Cohen, Burt, Smith-Laittan, Harrison, Bolton 1996) da zogierTi mkvlevari am
proporciam miiyvana im daskvnamde, rom sinesTezia X qromosomiT gadadis.
(Cytowic 1995). Tumca bolo dros Catarebuli kvlevebiT simnerma da misma
kolegebma daadastures, rom am TvalsazrisiT sqesebs Soris gansxvaveba
ar arsebobs (Simner, et al. 2006). arsebobs monacemebi, rom sinesTezia
SeiZleba adamianma SeiZinos sxvadasxva medikamentebis moxmarebis drosac,
magaliTad, iseTi fsiqotropuli wamlebis miRebis Semdeg, rogoricaa
lsd(lizerginuli mJavis dieTilamidi)-naxevradsinTezuri fsiqoaqtiuri
nivTiereba, romelic adamianSi iwvevs halucinaciebs, drois, sivrcis da
cnobierebis Secvlas, ferebis mosmenas, sunis danaxvas, aseve medikamenti
meskulini da sxva halucinogenebi (Sinke et al. 2012). sinesTezia SeiZleba
ganviTardes sxvadasxva nevrologiuri travmebis Sedegadac (Cytowic 1995;
Harrison & Baron-Cohen 1997). bolo dros Catarebulma kvlevebma cxadyo, rom
sinesTeziis gamomuSavebac ki aris SesaZlebeli sxvadasxva varjiSebisa
da treiningebis (Meier & Rothen 2009; Proulx 2010) an hipnozis saSualebiT
(Kadosh et al. 2009).
sinesTeziisadmi interesi 100 welze mets iTvlis. bevri dawerila e.w.
ferad-smeniT sinesTeziaze, bevrs saubroben ferebsa da emociebs Soris
kavSirze da mainc, sinesTezia kvlav rCeba naklebad Seswavlil
movlenad.
1.3.1. Tandayolili da xelovnuri sinesTezia
specialuri literaturis Tanaxmad, sinesTezia yovelTvis iyo
fuZemdebluri principi xelovnebis esTetikuri Semecnebisa da gancdisa.
sinesTezuri xedvis gareSe ar iarsebebda xelovneba. garkveulwilad,
xelovnebis yvela forma sinesTezuria. Tumca, ra Tqma unda, arsebobs
mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba Tandayolil sinesTeziasa da xelovnur
sinesTezias Soris.
17
1) Tandayolili sinesTezia _ sinesTetis grZnobiTi aRqmisTvis
sinesTezia ganuyofeli nawilia.
2) adamianis mier Seqmnili xelovnuri sinesTezia _ SemoqmedisTvis
sinesTezuri xelovneba Sedegia mxatvruli ganzraxvisa.
Tumca, zogjer Znelia gamijno, sad gadis zRvari am ors Soris.
sinesTezuri asociaciebi da metaforebi enobrivi procesia, maSin,
rodesac sinesTezia, citoviCis mixedviT, mkacrad perceftualuri da
nevrologiuri movlenaa. aqedan gamomdinare, gansxvavebaa sinesTetebis
sinesTeziasa da asociaciur, verbalur sinesTezias Soris, romelic
yvela adamianSia raRac doziT. CemTvis, rogorc filologisTvis,
swored es ukanaskneli warmoadgens interesis sagans imdenad, ramdenadac
sinesTezias ganvixilav metaforasTan kavSirSi, Tumca, rasakvirvelia,
gverds ver avuvli sinesTezias, rogorc nevrologiur movlenas.
sinesTezia, romelic mxolod bolo ramdenime aTeuli welia, rac
aqtualuri kvlevis sagani gaxda, imdenad amoucnobi fenomenia, rom bevri
Teoria, romelic ramdenime wlis win marTebulad miaCndaT, axlaxans
Catarebulma kvlevebma kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayena. (mag. mimarTulebis
sakiTxi da sqesTan dakavSirebuli mosazreba. ix. gv. 16). am fenomenis
mimarT ufro meti SekiTxvebia, vidre calsaxa da amomwuravi pasuxebi.
1.4. I Tavis daskvna:
winamdebare TavSi warmodgenili daskvnebi SeiZleba CamovayaliboT
ramdenime Semajamebel punqtad:
1.rogorc davinaxeT, specialur literaturaSi sinesTeziis fenomeni ar
aris mxolod wminda nevrologiuri da fsiqologiuri movlena, aramed
samyaros aRqmis erT-erTi lingvisturi gamovlinebac.
2. ganasxvaveben orgvar sinesTezias: Tandayolils _ sinesTetebis
sinesTeziasa da Semoqmedi adamianis mier konkretuli mxatvruli
ganzraxvisa da miznebis gamo gamomuSavebul sinesTezias, romelic
TviTgamoxatvis erT-erTi xerxia (xelovnuri sinesTezia). Tumca empiriul
18
masalaze dakvirvebam cxadyo, rom maT Soris zRvaris gavleba zogjer
rTulia.
3. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, sinesTeziis movlena yovelTvis moiazrebs or
komponents: stimuls (Inducer), rac uSualod iwvevs am Tu im SegrZnebas da
pasuxs/reaqcias (Inductant) am stimulze.
4. sinesTeziis gamomwvevi stimulebi da pasuxebi SeiZleba iyos
heteromodaluri (gansxvavebuli modalobis SegrZnebebi) da
homomodaluri (erTi da imave modalobis sxvadasxva ganzomilebebis
SegrZnebebi). modalobaSi igulisxmeba sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriebi.
5. aseve ganasxvaveben ori mimarTulebis mqone sinesTezias:
erTmimarTulebians, rodesac sineTezuri aRqma erTi mimarTulebiT xdeba
da ormimarTulebians, rodesac sinesTezuri aRqma ori mimarTulebiT
xdeba.
6. ganasxvaveben sinesTeziis or formas: Zliersa da susts. Zlieri tipis
sinesTezur metaforaSi orive _ sawyisi da samizne sfero
perceftualuria, susti tipi ki warmodgenilia erTi perceftualuri
sferoTi.Ggansxvaveba Zliersa da sust formebs Soris aris samizne
sfero, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Zlier sinesTezur metaforebSi orive-
rogorc samizne, ise sawyisi sfero aris perceftualuri. xolo sust
sinesTezur metaforebSi mxolod erTi perceftualuri sferoa
warmodgenili.
7. modalobebi, anu informaciis miRebis saxeobebi grZnobaTa organoebis
meSveobiT, iyofa ,,maRal” da ,,dabal” SegrZnebebad. maRals akuTvneben
mxedvelobisa da smenis, xolo dabals _ yvela danarCen SegrZnebas.
19
II Tavi
konceptualuri metafora da sinesTezia
2.1. konceptualuri metaforis raoba
"You don’t see something until
you have the right metaphor to
let you perceive it.”
Robert Stetson Shaw
,,1954 wels robert vinerma, informaciis Teoriis erT-erTma avtorma,
,kibernetikis mamad’ wodebulma, ganacxada: ,ama Tu im sazogadoebis gageba
SeiZleba mxolod im Setyobinebebisa da sakominikacio saSualebebis
mixedviT, romlebic am sazogadoebas ekuTvnis.’ vineris es ganacxadi
arasodes aRmiqvams ise, TiTqos is exeboda satelefono sistemis
adekvaturobasa da mis masStabebs. vineri, upirveles yovlisa, adamianebs
Soris arsebuli komunikaciis bazisur procesebs gulisxmobda.“ (Reddy
1979)
Cveni komunikacia bevrwilad aris damokidebuli xatovan
gamonaTqvamebze. am mxriv metaforas Zalian didi mniSvneloba eniWeba.
Cven verc ki vamCnevT zogjer, Tu ramdenad xSirad mivmarTavT
metaforebs yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi. ratom vaniWebT maT gamoyenebas
aseT upiratesobas? pasuxi arc ise rTulia _ metafora ara mxolod
alamazebs uSinaarso da xSirad arafrismTqmel teqstebs, aramed mas
SeuZlia gadmogvces is, risi pirdapiri/sityvasityviTi mniSvnelobiT
gamoxatvaczogjer rTulia.
metaforis mraval TeoriaTa Soris yvelaze farTodaa gavrcelebuli
,,konceptualuri metaforis Teoria“, romlis avtorebic arian amerikeli
anTropologi da lingvisti jorj leikofi da filosofosi mark
jonsoni. maTi kvlevis siaxle mdgomareobs SemdegSi: ara marto Cveni ena,
aramed azrovnebac mniSvnelovanwilad metaforulia da adamianis
cnebiTi sistema metaforebiTaa gansazRvrul-ganpirobebuli. metic,
metaforuli enobrivi gamonaTqvamis arsebobac mxolod imitomaa
SesaZlebeli, rom adamianis cnebiT kategoriaSi arsebobs metaforebi.
20
leikofisa da jonsonis azriT, mTeli Cveni konceptosfero Tavisi arsiT
metaforulia. metaforul konceptualizacias eqvemdebareba abstraqtuli
sfero, maT Soris emociuri samyaroc. konceptualuri metafora
gulisxmobs erTi abstraqtuli konceptis gadmocemas ufro konkretuli
cnebiT. konceptualuri sferoebi moicaven or ZiriTad nawils: sawyisi
sfero (source domain), saidanac vqmniT metaforul gamoTqmebs da samizne
sfero (target domain), romlis gagebasac Cven vcdilobT. (Lakoff & Johnson
1980).
metaforis Tanamedrove Teoriebis TvalsazrisiT, metafora aris ara
wminda lingvisturi, aramed azrovnebiTi, kognitiuri movlena. es
gulisxmobs transfers, gadatanas sawyis sferosa (source domain) da
samizne sferoebs (target domain) Soris. Mmag: sweet melodies- am magaliTSi
gemo aris sawyisi, xolo smena _ samizne sfero.Aamis mixedviT
sinesTeziis or formas ganasxvaveben: Zliersa da susts. Zlieri tipis
sinesTezur metaforaSiorive _ wyaro da samizne sfero perceftualuria,
susti tipi ki warmodgenilia erTi perceftualuri sferoTi.Ggansxvaveba
Zliersa da sust formebs Soris aris samizne sfero, es niSnavs imas, rom
Zlieri sinesTezuri metaforebis struqtura moicavs sinesTezur
msazRvrelsa da sazRvruls, maSin rodesac sust formebSi sawyisi
sfero momdinareobs perceftualuri sferosagan. sawyisi sfero unda
iyos perceftualuri, sxvagvarad metafora ver iwodeba sinesTezur
metaforad. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Zlier sinesTezur metaforebSi
orive _ rogorc samizne, ise sawyisi sfero aris perceftualuri. xolo
sust sinesTezur metaforebSi mxolod erTi perceftualuri sferoa
warmodgenili (Salzinger 2010).
2.1.1.konceptualuri metafora da kultura
rogorc cnobilia, ,,koncepti aris is, risi saSualebiTac kultura
Semodis adamianis mentalur samyaroSi da amave dros koncepti aris is,
risi saSualebiTac adamiani Tavad Sedis kulturaSi. adamianis azrovneba
ki Suamavalia enasa da kulturas Soris. enis da kulturis urTierTobis
Seswavla SeuZlebelia am Sualeduri rgolis gareSe”. (amirejibi 2005)
21
konceptualuri metaforis Zala ganisazRvreba misi gaucnobierebeli
gamoyenebiT. leikofis mixedviT, metaforaTa Tvisebaa, rom isini ki ar
qrebian, aramed rCebian adamianTa cnobierebaSi, maTi moqmedebis
logikuri Sedegebi ki Cven mier samyaros aRqmis TaviseburebebSi
vlindeba.
ena konceptualuri sistemaa. is aris modeli, romelsac qmnis iseTi
komponentebi, rogorebicaa: fsiqologiuri, sociologiuri, regionaluri
(demografiuli) da rogorc intralingvisturi, aseve eqstralingvisturi
faqtorebi.
vizualuri aRqmis Sedegad damaxsovrebuli SegrZneba iwvevs
asociacias, qmnis mniSvnelobas da polisemias aviTarebs feris
aRmniSvnel sityvebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom ama Tu im feris aRmniSvneli
sityva enaSi adamianebis asociaciebis meSveobiT iZens emociur elfers
da, Sesabamisad, axal metaforul mniSvnelobas. (manasiani 2012)
rogorc cnobilia, nebismier enaSi vlindeba rogorc universaluri,
aseve kulturuli specifikiT ganpirobebuli Taviseburebani. radgan ena
aris is sacavi, romelSic inaxeba ama Tu im eris kulturuli
gamocdileba.,,ena ara marto urTierTobis saSualebaa, is aris enis
raobis gamovlenis upirvelesi da umniSvnelovanesi forma. maSasadame, ena
is sferoa, romelSic yvelaze srulad warmoCndeba eris suli, iseve,
rogorc erovnuli xasiaTi da erovnuli kultura.” (berekaSvili 2007:142)
,,TiToeuli ena xasiaTdeba Tavisi midgomiT, Tavisi socialuri
gamocdilebiT. logikuri TiToeul enaSi aris is, rac mas saerTo aqvs
sxva enebTan, rac ,,rCeba igive” yvela sxva enaSi.” (razmaZe 2011)
aRsaniSnavia, rom zogierTi kategoria universaluria sxvadasxva
kulturisaTvis, Tumca, maTi gamoxatulebis konkretuli saSualebebi
SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes. radganac samyaros aRqmasa da Semecnebas
safuZvlad udevs sagnobrivi mniSvnelobis, socialuri stereotipebis,
kognitiuri sqemebis TiToeuli erisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sistema,
adamianis cnobiereba eTnikurad aris gansazRvruli.
ena, globaluri TvalsazrisiT, universalur-konceptualur sistemas
warmoadgens. am zogad konceptualur sistemaSi sainteresoa Tu rogor
22
vlindeba ama Tu im erisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli xedva da individualizmi.,
ganvixiloT erT-erTi magaliTi, romelSic vlindeba ferTa
terminologiis specifika, radgan ferTa kategoria ara mxolod
individualuri Taviseburebaa konceptualuri TvalsazrisiT, aramed mas
aqvs universaluri, kacobriobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli, tradiciuli
niSnebi.
erTi da igive movlena Tavisi arsiT ucvleli, SeiZleba
sxvadasxvagvarad iyos aRqmuli ama Tu im enis mier, mag: aRdgomis wina
paraskevi, romelsac qarTulad iwodeba rogorc ,,wiTeli paraskevi“,
inglisur enaSi moixsenieba 5 sxvadasxva terminiT: ,,Savi paraskevi“ (“Black
Friday”), an ,,kargi paraskevi” (“Good Friday”), ,,didi paraskevi“ (“Great Friday”),
wminda paraskevi (“Holy Friday”), grZeli paraskevi (“Long Friday”). arcerT am
terminSi ar figurirebs wiTeli feri, rac qarTulisTvis amosavali
wertili gaxda, radgan am dRes ufali jvars acves, amitom wiTelma
ferma, rogorc sisxlis simbolom, religiuri datvirTva miiRo.
inglisur kulturaSi ki es dRe Sav ferTan asocirdeba da arc es aris
SemTxveviTi, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom Savi feri umeteswilad cud,
usiamovno emociasTan asocirdeba. rogorc vxedavT, erTsa da imave
movlenis gansxvavebul saxeldebaSi kargad Cans am ori kulturis da am
kulturis matarebeli xalxebis unikaluroba da movlenebis aRqmis
individualizmi.
kulturaTSოrisi asociaciebi aris SeZenili, aTvisebuli da
gansxvavdeba isini uneblie sinesTeziisagan.
asociaciebis SeZenis ori ZiriTadi axsna arsebobs: pirveli varianti
gulisxmobs msgavsebas sityvis konotaciur mniSvnelobasTan (osgudma es
sityva mogvianebiT Secvala sityviT ,,afeqturi” (affective). osgudis
mixedviT saerTo afeqturi mniSvneloba warmoiSva im saerTo
Tvisebebidan, rac bunebaSi da garemoSia, magaliTad, is, rom didi sagnebi
vardnisas ufro dabal xmas gamoscemen, vidre patara zomis sagnebi, didi
cxovelebi ufro dabali, boxi xmiT Rrialeben, vidre patara cxovelebi
da a.S. am debulebis mixedviT asociaciebs Soris msgavseba
mosalodnelia sxvadasxva kulturebs Soris. (Hupka et al. 1997)
23
meore gziT SeZenili asociaciebi aixsneba rogorc Sedegi cxovrebis
adreul etapze gancdili stimulisa, an rogorc pirobiTi kavSiri
ferebsa da emociebs Soris miTebSi, literaturasa Tu eris kulturaSi.
am kuTxiT Tu vimsjelebT, kulturebs Soris msgavseba ar aris
mosalodneli. e.i. arsebobs emociebi da asociaciebi, romlebic
universaluria da yvela adamianSi arsebobs da emociebi, romlebsac
adamiani cxovrebis manZilze iZens, maSasadame, sxvadasxva kulturaSi
sxvadasxvanairia. (Hupka et al. 1997)
rogorc geronti qiqoZe aRniSnavs: ,,ena aris is saSualeba, socialuri
gamocdilebis damgrovebeli da Semnaxveli iaraRi, uromlisodac yovlad
SeuZlebelia kulturuli winsvla, sazogadoebis urTierToba da
fsiqikuri procesi, SeuZlebelia abstraqtul cnebaTa Sedgena da,
Sesabamisad, azrovnebis ganviTarebac. rogorc humboldti aRniSnavs, ena
aris ara marto Sedegi azrovnebisa, aramed misi mizezic.” (qiqoZe int.wy)
2.2. sinesTezuri konceptualuri metaforebi Tanamedrove inglisur
da qarTul yofiT metyvelebaSi
specialur literaturaSi ganasxvaveben konceptualuri metaforis
ramdenime saxeobas, romelTagan erT-erTi mniSvnelovani tipia e.w.
,,orientaciuli metaforebi’’, romlebic dakavSirebulia sivrceSi
orientaciasTan, mag: ,,zemoT-qvemoT“, ,,SigniT-gareT“, ,,centraluri-
periferiuli“ da a.S.
ganvixiloT konceptualuri metaforis, kerZod ki orientaciuli
metaforis erT-erTi magaliTi: HAPPINESS IS UP_ bedniereba aris zemoT.
samizne sfero bedniereba danaxulia iseTi sawyisi sferos saSualebiT,
rogoricaa simaRle. dakvirvebam cxadyo, rom inglisursa da qarTulSi
arsebobs bednierebis gamomxatveli ramdenime metaforuli gamoTqma:
inglisur enaSi: qarTul enaSi:
1.to be on cloud nine 1.sixaruliT mecxre caze yofna
24
2.to be in the seventh heaven
3.to be in hog heaven
4.walking on air
5.her spirits are rising 2.amaRlebul ganwyobaze yofna
6.to raise one’s mood
7.to be in high spirits
8.to feel up
9.this flew me up 3.sixaruliT frena
moviyvanoT ramdenime magaliTi inglisuri da qarTuli presidan:
inglisuri magaliTebi:
1.“George W Bush 'in high spirits' after heart surgery to clear blocked artery.“ (The Guardian,
Tuesday 6 August 2013.)
2.“The chairman was on cloud nine,” the manager said. “He’s delighted.“ (The Times, 23 May
2011.)
3.“David Cameron raised the mood at the World Economic Forum in Davos yesterday.“ (The
Times, 27 January 2012.)
4.“Not everyone likes trick or treating and not everyone feels it has a place in the communities in
the UK, but it is now part of our culture and we should expect children to be in high spirits at
that time. (The Times, 28 October 2013.)
5.“I’m very pleased for Podolski because he’s always in high spirits, and he’s a very important
player”. (The Times, 25 August 2013.)
qarTuli magaliTebi:
1.,,sixaruliT mecxre caze davfrinavdi.“ (,,kviris palitra’’,16.05.2011.)
2.,,ukravda Tbilisis big-bendi, feirverkebi da sasiamovno musika
amaRlebul ganwyobas qmnida.“ (,,kviris palitra”, 09.09.2010).
25
3.,,mec ugonod Semiyvarda Cemi nacnobi ucnobi. bednierebisgan
davfrinavdi.“ (,,kviris palitra”, 04.02.2010.)
konceptualur metaforas _ HAPPINESS IS UP (bedniereba aris zemoT)
upirispirdeba orientaciuli metafora _ SAD IS DOWN (sevda aris
qvemoT). inglisur enaSi aris gamoTqmebi, romlebic gamoxatavs cud
xasiaTze, cud ganwyobaze yofnas da maTSi figurirebs sityva ,,qvemoT“:
To feel down in the dumps, to be in low spirits:
1.“Analyst’s rethink leaves Diageo and Allied in low spirits.”(The Times, January 11, 2005)
2.“Does rugby high jinks put you in low spirits?” (The Times, October 8, 2011.)
3.“How can young people's low spirits be improved?” (The Guardian, 20 March, 2007.)
4.“Despite a dream job, I feel down and can't carry on like this.”(The Guardian, 2 August,
2013.)
unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTulSi ar moiZebna am gamoTqmebis zusti
Sesatyvisebi, Tumca arsebobs idiomebi, romlebSic aSkarad Cans
orientacia: ,,zemodan qvemoT“, magaliTad: cxvirCamoSvebuli,
mxrebCamoyrili, yurebCamoyrili. zmniswini ,,Camo“ kargad miuTiTebs
zemodan qvemoT mimarTulebaze.
zogadad, cnobilia, rom adamiani cdilobs samyaros orpolusiani
struqturebiT aRqmas, radgan im sagnebis umetesoba, romlebTan Sexebac
Cven yoveldRiurad gvaqvs, orobiTi, dapirispirebuli bunebisaa.
magaliTad:
tkbili-mware
TeTri-Savi
kargi-cudi
ganxiluli magaliTebidan kargad Cans, rom simaRle yovelTvis kargTan
asocirdeba, xolo sidable ufro negatiur mniSnelobas atarebs. amasTan
dakavSirebiT cnobilia osgudis, suCisa da tanenbaumis ,,semantikuri
diferencialebis Teoria“; maT Seqmnes skala obieqtis konotaciuri
mniSvnelobis gasazomad. (Ginzburg et al. 1979)
aSkaraa, rom iseT gansxvavebuli struqturisa da semantikis mqone enebSi,
rogoricaa inglisuri da qarTuli, moiZebna bednierebis amsaxveli zusti
Sesatyvisebi. sainteresoa, riT aixsneba es? msgavsi kvleva Caatara
lingvistma zoltan koveCesma sam enaSi: inglisurSi, Cinursa da
26
ungrulSi da am enebSic bednierebis emocia gagebuli da aRqmulia
erTnairad. koveCesi svams kiTxvas: rogor moxda, rom samma sruliad
gansxvavebuli kulturis enam bednierebis grZnoba erTi da imave
konceptualuri metaforiT axsna?
koveCesis (Kovecses 2002) mixedviT konceptualur metaforasTan
dakavSirebiT ori hipoTeza arsebobs:
1. sxvadasxva enam da kulturam garkveuli movlena SeiZleba erTi da
imave konceptualuri xerxiT axsnas, adamianis sxeulis universaluri
bunebis gamo, radgan adamianis sxeuli erTsa da imave fiziologiur
procesebs gadis.
2. sxvadasxva konceptualuri metaforis arseboba or sxvadasxva enaSi
SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos am enebis gansxvavebuli kulturuli
konteqstiT, bunebrivi da fizikuri garemo faqtorebiT.
rogorc wesi, TiToeuli emocia gamoxatulia rigi frazeologizmebiT,
romlebic erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian metaforuli modelebiT. es
konceptebi ubralod fantaziis nayofs ki ar warmoadgens, aramed maT
safuZvlad udevs grZnobiTi, sxeulebrivi gamocdileba. e.i. ama Tu im
emociis gamomxatveli gamonaTqvami motivirebulia Cvenive fiziologiiT.
rodesac adamiani bednieria da karg ganwyobazea, sul unda, rom fexze
iyos, moZraobaSia da xSirad xtunviTac gamoxatavs Tavis emocias.
warmoudgenelia bednieri adamiani iyos pasiur, statikur mdgomareobaSi.
qarTul kulturaSi Zalian xSiria bednierebis cnebis asocireba
,,zemosTan“. inglisur enaSi bednierebis aRqma sxva orientaciuli
metaforiTac xdeba: HAPPY IS WIDE _ bedniereba aris farTo (mag: I am
feeling expansive). inglisurisgan gansxvavebiT qarTulSi ar xdeba
bednierebis grZnobis amgvarad aRqma. ufro metic, qarTul enaSi gvaqvs am
frazis sapirispiro gamoTqma: ,,sixarulisagan guli SeekumSa”.
Cveni fizikuri da kulturuli gamocdileba mravali orientaciuli
metaforis safuZvelia. ama Tu im metaforis amorCeva da maT Soris
mTavaris gamoyofaSeiZleba varirebdes kulturidan kulturaSi.
metaforebis fizikuri da kulturuli safuZvlebis gamijvna Zalian
rTulia, radganac mravalTagan erTi konkretuli fizikuri safuZvlis
amorCeva damokidebulia saerTo kulturul fonze.
27
bednierebis garda simaRlesTan vakavSirebT aseve codnis miRebasa da
ganaTlebul adamians.
miviReT Semdegi saxis konceptualur metafora: codna aris simaRle
(KNOWLEDGE IS HEIGHT), sadac samizne sferos warmoadgens codna,
xolo sawyis sferos _ simaRle.
inglisur enaSi gvaqvs Semdegi gamoTqmebi:
1.“Knowledge is climbing a mountain, the higher you reach, the more you can see and
appreciate.“ (int.wy.: http://www.thequotablecoach.com/knowledge-is-like-climbing-a-
mountain-the-higher-you-reach-the-more-you-can-see-and-appreciate/)
2.“Knowledge is the eye of desire and can become the pilot of the
soul.“(http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/w/willdurant122563.html)
3.“Knowledge is the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.“ (int. wy.:
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/w/williamsha118304.html)
qarTul enaSi gvaqvs Semdegi metaforuli gamoTqmebi:
1.,,dadebiTi Sedegebi mosdevs iseT adamianebTan urTierTobasac,
romlebic TavianTi inteleqtiT Tqvenze maRla dganan.’’ (,,alia”, #16.13/15-
02-2010)
2.,,ruseTSi yofnis dros vcdilobdi, gavcnobodi rus inteligencias,
romelic Zalian maRla idga, dauflebuli iyo yovel dargs da win
mihyavda Tavisi mSobliuri mxaris civilizacia.“ (,,kviris palitra”, 18-01-
2010)
3.,,es xalxi nebismier CvenTaganze erTi TaviT maRla dgas da
sakadrisadac dafasebuli unda iyvnen.“ (,,kviris palitra’’, 11-01-2010)
4.,,vinc ki cotaoden mainc iyo kulturis matarebeli, sazogadoebrivad
da gonebrivad maRla mdgari, misTvis ioselianis saxlis karebi
yovelTvis Ria iyo.“(,,kviris palitra”,04-01-2010)
daviT guramiSvilis Segonebac swored amaze miuTiTebs: ,,swavlis Ziri
mware aris, kenweroSi gatkbildebis.“ is faqti, rom swavlis procesi
qvemodan zemoT svlas gulisxmobs, amas adasturebs sityvebi: ,,Ziri” da
,,kenwero”.
codnas simaRlis garda vakavSirebT aseve sinaTlesTanac (KNOWLEDGE
IS LIGHT _ codna aris sinaTle) da piriqiT, umecrebas _ sibnelesTan da
wyvdiadTan. qarTul enaSi gvaqvs sityva ,,ga-naTl-eba“, romelic uSualod
28
sinaTles ukavSirdeba, analogiuri principiT aris agebuli sityva “en-
light-enment” inglisur enaSi.
inglisuri magaliTebi:
1.“From all of those, he has stored knowledge and wisdom, for he is a player with a brightmind
and brilliant game.”(The Times, 31 May, 2008)
2.“As internationalisation in HE grows, we must do more to steer these bright minds towards
solving regional problems.”( The Guardian, 10 April, 2012)
3.“There is no darkness but ignorance.” (William Shakespeare, “Twelfth Night”)
(int. wy. http://www.brainyquote.com).
qarTuli magaliTebi:
1.„ganaTlebam unda ganfantos misi gonebiTi sibnele.“ (i.WavWavaZe, ,,Cveni
xalxi da ganaTleba”, t, IV, 1987)
2.,,Tu namdvilad guli gvtkiva xalxisaTvis, Tavi viCinoT, rom
sibnele umecrebisa gavfantoT.“ (i.WavWavaZe, ,,Cveni xalxi da ganTleba”
t, IV, 1987)
3.,,cotac unda gavuZloT am sibneles da naTeli gonebis adamianebi
adamianTa gonebaSi naperwkals gaaCenen." (int.wy.
http://blog.mediamall.ge/?id=20435, 13 dekemberi, 2013)
4.,,minda Cveni momavali TaobisTvis eklesia iyos asocirebuli
ganaTlebasTan da ara sibnelesTan, CamorCenilobasTan.“ (,,kviris
palitra’’, 24-05-2013)
5.,,sanTeli Cemi xorcia,
sicocxle - mokle patruqi,
naTeli - Wkua-goneba,
imaTgan gamonaSuqi.“ (a. wereTeli, ,,xatis win“)
(int. wy. http://lib.ge/book.php?author=28&book=1811)
sainteresoa erT-erTi cnobili lingvistis maikl redis (Reddy 1979)
naSromi metaforis TeoriaSi. mas aqvs aRwerili ,,komunikaciis arxTan’’
asocirebuli metaforebi (“Conduit metaphor”). redis azriT ena, romelsac
Cven viyenebT, struqturulad wesrigdeba Semdegi metaforebis
Sesabamisad:
• idea an mniSvneloba aris obieqti; (IDEAS OR MEANINGS ARE OBJECTS)
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• enobrivi gamonaTqvami aris konteineri; (LANGUAGE EXPRESSIONS ARE
CONTAINERS)
• komunikacia aris gadacema (gadagzavna). (COMMUNICATION IS SENDING)
adresanti ideebs (obieqtebs) aTavsebs sityvebSi (konteinerebSi) da
agzavnis maT (sakomunikacio arxiT) adresatisken, es ukanaskneli ki
,,amoiRebs’’ ideebs/obieqtebs sityvebisgan/sacavebisagan. redis
warmodgenili aqvs ,,sakomunikacio arxTan“ dakavSirebuli metaforis
magaliTebi:
1.“You know very well that I gave you that idea.“ - ,,Tqvenc kargad iciT, rom me
mogawodeT eg azri“.
2.“It is difficult to put this concept into words.” – ,,me miWirs Cemi azrebis xorcSesxma
sityvebiT.“
3.“The sentence was filled with emotion.” - ,,winadadeba savse iyo emociebiT.“
redis am Teoriis mixedviT sityvebi aris sacavebi: WORDS HAVE
INSIDES AND OUTSIDES. sainteresoa am mxriv qarTulSi sityva ,,Sina-
arsi“, romelic miuTiTebs raRacis SigniT myof arsze.
am Teoriidan gamomdinare, inglisuri ena aRiqvams sityvebs, rogorc
azris, Sinaarsis sacavebs, matareblebs, maTi Sinaarsi damokidebulia
imaze, Tu ramdenad warmatebiT moaxerxa misma mTqmelma maTSi azris
,,Cadeba“. qarTul enaSic gvaqvs Sesabamisi terminebi, romlebic zustad
emTxveva inglisur enaSi arsebul terminebs:
‘’Your words are hollow.”-,,es yvelaferi carieli sityvebia“
,,sakomunikacio arxTan“ dakavSirebuli metaforebi kidev erTxel usvams
xazs imas, Tu ramdenad metaforulia Cveni yoveldRiuri cnebiTi sistema
Tavisi arsiT.
2.2.1. emociebis Semcveli sinesTezuri konceptualuri metaforebi
inglisursa da qarTul yofiT metyvelebaSi
emocias, rogorc fsiqikur movlenas, Zalian rTuli konceptualuri
struqtura aqvs da am struqturis gamovlena mxolod im gamonaTqvamebis
30
sistematizaciiT SeiZleba, romelTac ama Tu im enis matareblebi
iyeneben. rogorc wesi, TiToeuli emocia gamoxatulia rigi
frazeologizmebiT,romlebic erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian metaforuli
modelebiT. eskonceptebi ubralod fantaziis nayofs ki ar warmoadgens,
aramed maTsafuZvlad udevs grZnobiTi, sxeulismieri gamocdileba da
gviCvenebskavSirs ara gamonaTqvamis sityvasityviT mniSvnelobasa da
adamianis fiziologias Soris, aramed swored metaforul naTqvamsa da
fiziologias Soris, e.i. ama Tu im emociis gamomxatveli gamonaTqvami
motivirebulia Cvenive fiziologiiT. vTqvaT, gabrazebis dros xdeba rigi
fiziologiuri cvlileba: Sinagani wneva aiwevs (tvinSi sisxli
auvardeba), xdeba saxisa dakisris gawiTleba (saxeze almuri moekideba)
da sxv. fiziologiis TvalsazrisiT, SiSs Tan axlavs kunTebis tonusis
dacema, guliscemis Sesusteba, sisxlis wnevis daweva, Tvalis gugis
gafarToeba, oflianoba, sisxlis mozRvaveba kunTebSi. SiSi Zlieri
emociaa da SeiZleba fataluri Sedegic ki gamoiwvios. amitom, gasakviri
ar aris misi SesamCnevi gavlena individis aRqmis unarze, azrovnebasa da
qcevaze (amirejibi 2003). davakvirdeT yofiT doneze rogor aRiqvams SiSs
qarTveli adamiani da, SevadaroT SiSis aRweris qarTuli saSualebebi
inglisur saSualebebs.
qarTul enaSi SiSi asocirdeba sicivesTan:
1.FEAR IS COLD:
SiSi aris sicive
1.civma oflma daasxa;
2.tanSi civad scris;
3.(ZarRvebSi) sisxli eyineba;
analogiuri magaliTebi moiZebneba inglisur enaSic:
1..To grow cold with fear;
2.Fear makes his blood freeze;
31
3.A cold shiver ran down his spine.
sainteresoa aseve brazis gamomxatveli metaforuli gamoTqmebi qarTul
enaSi. brazi Sedarebulia WurWelTan, romelic SeiZleba aivsos an
daicalos. amis gamomxatvelia ,,moTminebis fiala“, ,,Tasi
daecleba/aevseba“, inglisur enaSi – “to keep anger bottled up inside somebody.”
2.ANGER IS FIRE:
sibraze aris cecxli: gacecxlda, cecxli moedo, cecxlis almuri
moedo, aenTo da aS.
1.,,kanonis winaSe daisjebi_meTqi, rom vuTxari, gacecxlda da daiwyo
yvirili.” (,,kviris palitra”)
2.,,kuluarebSi amboben, rom oficrebis dakavebas vladimir vladimiroviCi
saSinlad gaucecxlebia.”(,,kviris palitra”)
1.“She is boiling with anger”.
2.“ His anger is smoldering”.
3.LOVE IS FIRE:
siyvaruli aris cecxli:
1.“siyvaruliT almodebulia”;
2.“siyvaruliT damwvaria”;
3.“siyvaruli guls udagavs”;
4.“gulSi cecxls (als) daunTebs”;
5.“cecxls waukidebs”
6.“siyvarulis/trfobis/eSxis ali swvavs” ;
7.“siyvaruli Caqra”;
8.“Camwvaria”;
32
9.“(vinmes) eSxiT iwvis”;
10.“iwvis da idagvis”;
11.,,ar SeiZleba im siyvarulis ganeleba, rasac mSobliuri, dedaSviluri
siyvaruli hqvia.”
12.,,male siyvarulic ganelda.’’
13.,,Cvens qveyanas yvelaze metad msaxuri-liderebi sWirdeba, romlebic
sakuTari Tavis ki ara, qveynis siyvaruliT iwvian.’’(,,kviris palitra”)
temperaturasTan dakavSirebul metaforebSi ikveTeba Semdegi saxis
mimarTebebi (tendenciebi):
sasiamovno/keTili aris Tbili (Tbili xma, gulTbili, Tbili Rimili,
Tbili gamoxedva da a.S.) (That warmed my spirits.);
usiamovno/boroti aris civi (civi xma, gulcivi, civi Rimili,
civi/gamyinavi mzera da a.S (Loosing his father put his fire out);
gabrazebuli adamiani aris cxeli (cxel gulze, gacecxlebuli, sibrazis
almuri asdioda, da a.S.);
megobruli/mzrunveli adamiani aris Tbili;
aramegobruli/ aramzrunveli adamiani aris civi;
emociuri kontroli aris civi;
emociuri kontrolis nakleboba aris cxeli;
gemosTan dakavSirebuli metaforuli gamonaTqvamebi mravlad aRmoCnda
orive enis uzusSic:
4.SWEETNESS IS PLEASANT/HAPPINESS:
sitkbo aris sasiamovno/bedniereba:
inglisur enaSi ,,tkbili’’ metaforulad ixmareba Semdeg gamoTqmebTan:
sunTan _ sweet-scented/smell;
garegnobasTan _ sweet face;
xmasTan _ sweet voice/singer/music;
ocnebasTan -sweet dreams;
SurisZiebasTan- sweet revenge;
SeyvarebulTan-sweet-heart;
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siamovnebasTan-sweets(taste the sweets of success, enjoy the sweets of life when one is
young);
erTgvari saalerso mimarTvis formaTac gamoiyeneba-Sweet! Honey;
Taflobis TvesTan- honey-moon;
negatiuri konotaciis mqone:
moTafvlasTan- sweet talk;
aragulwrfelobasTan-sugary smile/songs;
5.BITTERNESS IS UNPLEASANTNESS/UNHAPPINESS:
simware aris usiamovneba/ubedureba:
simware inglisur enaSi asocirdeba:
imedgacruebasTan, usiamovno mogonebebTan, usiamovno gamocdilebasTan -
bitter disappointments/memories/experinence;
kamaTTan, CxubTan, mtrebTan- bitter quarrels/disputes/enemies;
qarTul enaSi gvaqvs ara mware, aramed cxare kamaTi. inglisur enaSi
kamaTi maRal temperaturastan asocirdeba, amis dasturia enaSi iseTi
terminis arseboba, rogoricaa hor debate- cxeli kamaTi, qarTul enaSi
kamaTis sicxaresTan dakavSirebac ar aris SemTxveviTi, radgan cxare
saWmlis gasinjvis dros adamians piri uxurs da SeiZleba saxezec
gawiTldes, swored ise, rogorc temperaturis momatebisas xdeba es.
qarTan da did sicivesTan: bitter wind/bitter cold;
Zlier da usiamovno sunTan - bitter smell/odour;
tirilTan da cremlTan-(to weep/shed) bitter tears;
6.SOURNESS IS UNPLEASANTNESS:
simJave aris arasasiamovno:
mJave gemos inglisur enaSi ukavSireben:
suns-sour smell;
arasasiamovno gamometyvelebas- sour expression;
harmoniuli tonalobidan gamosul bgeras- sour note;
usiamovno gamocdilebas/ SegrZnebas- sour experience;
cud xasiaTs- sour temper;
araharmoniulobas –gosour/turnsour;
34
qarTul enaSi gvaqvs sicxareTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi metaforuli
gamoTqmebi:
cxare dRe adgeba-(To be in a bad condition)did jafasa da SromaSi,
datvirTuli dReebi aqvs;
cxare cremliT tirili-(To cry bitterly), mware cremliT tirili. gadat.
metismeti cremlis Rvra, mwared tirili, qviTini;
cxarobs-(To be angry) guli mosdis, javrobs;
6.COLDNESS IS A LACK OF EMOTION:
sicive aris emociis nakleboba:
inglisur enaSi sicives metaforulad ukavSireben:
gulgril, uemocio misalmebas, mzeras-cold look/stare/welcome/greeting;
uemocio, gulgril adamians-cold-blooded;
arcTu ise saimedo nugeSs-cold comfort;
ugulo adamians-cold-hearted;
SiSis emocias-cold sweat;
iaraRis gareSe warmoebul oms-cold war;
zedmeti emociebis gareSe rameze fiqrs-in the cold light of day
(qarTul enaSi gvaqvs gamoTqma: civi gonebiT msjeloba, fiqri);
qarTulSi vxvdebiT Semdeg magaliTebs:
civma oflma daasxa-Zalze SeeSinda;
civi uaris Tqma-uimedo uari;
gacivebuli kera (cold fireplace) - dangreuli, moSlili ojaxi (desolated
residence);
gulis gaciveba(to cool the heart)-gulis ayra(to give up);
sigrilec emociebis naklebobasTan asocirdeba, magram zogjer mas
dadebiTi konotaciac aqvs:
cool-1.mSvidi
2.aramegobruli, saintereso an mondomebuli.
3. moduri, gansxvavebuli
cool-headed- gawonasworebuli
gulis gagrileba- (to cool the heart)-1.(to give up) gulis acrueba, xalisis
dakargva; 2.( to become calm) damSvideba;
35
inglisur enaSi yinvasTan dakavSirebuli gamoTqmebic usiamovnebasTan
asocirdeba:
icy-not friendly or kind, showing feelings of dislike or anger;
icy welcome-unfriendly;
icily-said or done in a very unfriendly way;
frosty-(fig)-unfriendly, without warmth of feeling;
frosty welcome/look/reply-unfriendly in a way that suggests that sb does not approve of sth.
7.WARMTH IS PLEASANTNESS/KINDNESS:
siTbo aris siamovneba/sikeTe:
warmth-the state or quality of being enthusiastic or friendly;
warm welcome/reception-enthusiastic,hearty;
warm-blooded-showing feelings, passion;
warm-hearted-kind and affectionate;
gulTbili, Tbili salami, Tbili miReba
8.HEAT IS A LACK OF EMOTIONAL CONTROL:
sicxe aris emociebis siWarbe/ ver gakontroleba:
hot temper-intense,violent(ficxi xasiaTi);
hot-tempered-easily angered;
hot music/jazz-performed with strong rhythms, improvisation,etc.;
hot news-recent(esp.sensational) news;
hot-blooded-passionate;
hot-headed-violent, rash;
hot line-direct line of comminication;
cxel gulze/gaxurebul gulze(to do sth with a hot heart)-aRelvebis, gabrazebis
Jams, afeqtis dros(To do sth when you are angry);
boil(of a person’s feelings)-be very disturbed; to become very angry(informal);
boiling point-(fig) height of excitement, anger,etc.;
gulis aduReba(To boil sb’s heart)-1.sibraluliT avseba, gulis aCuyeba(To feel
pity for sb); 2.(To get angry)-gabrazeba, gajavreba;
gulis moxarSva-gulis mokvla, gulis moSxamva;
mduRarebad icleba-mduRare cremls Rvris;
to burn-(fig) filled with a strong feeling,to feel a very strong emotion or desire;
burning desire/ambition/love-very strong, extreme;
36
burning issue/question-a very important and urgent problem;
gulis dawva/dadagva/daTuTqva/dadaRva/daSanTva-gulis tkena,
danaRvlianeba, Sewuxeba.
to fire-excite or stimulate;
gacecxleba-gabrazeba;
cecxlis mokideba-gabrazeba, gajavreba, aRelveba;
flame-passion(a flame of anger/enthusiasm); sweetheart(informal);
bednierebis almuri asdis(To burn with happiness)-bednierebisgan ubrwyinavs
saxe(to shine with happiness);
to flare-up-a sudden break out, expression of angry or violent feeling.
rogorc zemoT mocemuli magaliTebidan Cans, sinesTezuri aRqma
gvexmareba ara mxolod SemoqmedebiT sferoSi, aramed yofiT
cxovrebaSic. sinesTezia adamianis yofiTi metyvelebisTvis ganuyofeli
movlenaa. sinesTezuri xedva saSualebas gvaZlevs ara marto
srulyofilad gamovxatoT azri, aramed sinesTezuri xedva Cven Tavad
gvexmareba movlenis siRrmiseulad aRqmaSi. miRebuli informacia Cveni
grZnobebis rac ufro met aRqmiT prizmas gaivlis, miT ufro srulyofil
warmodgenas mogvcems ama Tu im movlenaze. rogorc frensis galtoni
aRniSnavs: “"The only information that reaches us concerning outward events appears to pass
through the avenue of our senses; and the more perceptive the senses are of difference, the larger
is the field upon which our judgment and intelligence can act."(Galton 2004:19)
rogorc davinaxeT, inglisur da qarTul yofiT metyvelebaSi
sinesTezuri konceptualuri metaforebis met-naklebad erTi da igive
nimuSebi gamovlinda, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom bazisuri konceptualuri
metaforebi adamianis fiziologiuri gamocdilebis Sedegad aris
miRebuli da yvela enaSi umeteswilad msgavs metaforul gamoTqmebs
qmnian.
2.3. II Tavis daskvna:
specialuri literaturisa da uSualod inglisuri da qarTuli
empiriuli masalis Seswavlis safuZvelze dadginda Semdegi:
37
1.rogorc inglisurSi, aseve qarTul yofiT metyvelebaSi gamovlinda
Semdegi konceptualuri sinesTezuri metaforebi:
1.HAPPINESS IS UP/SAD IS DOWN-bedniereba aris zemoT/sevda aris qvemoT;
2.KNOWLEDGE IS HEIGHT-codna simaRlea;
3.KNOWLEDGE IS LIGHT-codna sinaTlea;
4.FEAR IS COLD-SiSi aris civi;
5.ANGER IS FIRE-sibraze aris cecxli;
6.LOVE IS FIRE-siyvaruli aris cecxli;
7.SWEETNESS IS PLEASANT/HAPPINESS-sitkbo aris sasiamovno/bedniereba;
8.BITTERNESS IS UNPLEASANTNESS/UNHAPPINESS-simware aris
usiamovno/ubedureba;
9.SOURNESS IS UNPLEASANTNESS-simJave aris usiamovno;
10.COLDNESS IS A LACK OF EMOTION-sicive aris emociis nakleboba;
11. WARMTH IS PLEASANTNESS/KINDNESS-siTbo aris siamovneba/sikeTe;
12.HEAT IS A LACK OF EMOTIONAL CONTROL-sicxe aris emociebis
ukontroloba.
2.gamovlenili konceptualuri sinesTezuri metaforebi umeteswilad
efuZnebian adamianis fiziologiur/sxeulismier SegrZnebas, gamocdilebas
da ganxiluli orpolusiani struqturis mqone konceptualuri
metaforebidan: zemoT-qvemoT, sinaTle-sibnele, tkbili-mware/mJave, Tbili/
civi/grili, dadginda, rom simaRle, sinaTle, tkbili da Tbili dadebiT
mniSvnelobasTan asocirdeba, maTi sapirispiro mniSvnelobebi ki
uaryofiT datvirTvas atareben.
3.aseve ganxilul iqna 4 ZiriTadi emocia: siyvaruli, sibraze, SiSi da
bedniereba da maTgan miRebuli konceptualuri sinesTezuri metaforebi.
aRmoCnda, rom orive enaSi siyvarulisa da sibrazis emociebis
metaforizacia temperaturis, kerZod ki cecxlis saSualebiT xdeba, SiSi
civ temperaturasTan, xolo bednierebis gancda ki ,,zemoT” moZraobasTan
aris dakavSirebuli.
4.orientaciuli metaforebis ganxilvisas gamovlinda erTi magaliTi,
romlis analogic ar moipoveba qarTul enaSi:HAPPY IS WIDE_ bednieri
aris farTo.
38
5.empiriul masalaze dakvirvebam aCvena, rom konceptualuri sinesTezuri
metaforebi efuZnebian kulturul da fizikur gamocdilebas da
SemTxveviT ar warmoiqmnebian. arsebobs garkveuli abstraqtuli cnebebi,
romelTa aRqma da gadmocema met-naklebad saerTo analogiis
safuZvelze xdeba.
6.ganasxvaveben sinesTeziis or formas: Zliersa da susts. Zlieri tipis
sinesTezur metaforaSi orive _ sawyisi da samizne sfero
perceftualuria, susti tipi ki warmodgenilia erTi perceftualuri
sferoTi.Ggansxvaveba Zliersa da sust formebs Soris aris samizne
sfero, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Zlier sinesTezur metaforebSi orive-
rogorc samizne, ise sawyisi sfero aris perceftualuri. xolo sust
sinesTezur metaforebSi mxolod erTi perceftualuri sferoa
warmodgenili.
7.komunikaciis arxTan asocirebuli metaforebi inglisursa da qarTulSi
erTi da imave formiT gvxvdeba.
rogorc davinaxeT, gamoikveTa 2 ZiriTadi mizezi, rac ganapirobebs
konceptualuri sinesTezuri metaforebis msgavseba-gansxvavebas
sxvadasxva enebSi:
1.adamianis fiziologiiT ganpirobebuli Taviseburebani;
2.kulturuli da garemo faqtorebi.
39
III Tavi
sinesTezuri metaforebi XVI-XVII saukuneebis inglisur
da qarTul poeziaSi
3.1. sinesTezuri metaforebi uiliam Seqspiris (1564-1616) SemoqmedebaSi
sinesTeziis erTi gansakuTrebuli Tviseba is aris, rom is uaRresad
metaforulia. rogorc wesi, igi mudmivad ubiZgebs mwerals uCveulo
asociaciebisaken. amis gamo, mwerlebi, romlebic am fenomenis
zegavlenas ganicdian, bevrad ukeTesi metaforuli unariT gamoirCevian,
vidre Cveulebrivi adamianebi. uiliam Seqspirs gamoarCeven misi weris
manerisa da, gansakuTrebiT, metaforebis SemoqmedebiTi gamoyenebis
TvalsazrisiT. arc sinesTezuri metafora gaxlavT gamonaklisi, am
kuTxiTac sakmaod saintereso da mdidari aRmoCnda misi Semoqmedeba.
msoflios udidesi dramaturgis Semoqmedeba poeziiT daiwyo. poezia
misi adreuli Semoqmedebis wamyvani Janria. sonetebi gamoxatavs Seqspiris
msoflaRqmas da mTeli misi SemoqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel mxatvrul
Taviseburebebs. Tumca, es msoflmxedveloba ar aris mSrali
filosofiuri abstraqcia, aramed mxatvrul-esTetikuri fenomeni,
romelsac, bunebrivia, Tan axlavs konkretuli mxatvruli realizaciac
Tematur-siuJeturi xazebis, tropebis sistemis, sakmaod rTuli
stilistur-enobrivi arsenalis saxiT (yiasaSvili 1983). winamdebare
naSromSi empiriul masalad swored sonetebi iqna SerCeuli.
Catarebuli analizis Sedegad 154 sonetidan sinesTezuri metaforis
magaliTebi aRmoCnda 70 sonetSi (79 magaliTi). kvlevis Sedegad
gamovlinda, rogorc gacveTili, uzualuri sinesTezuri metaforis
SemTxvevebi, aseve mwerlis sensoruli aRqmis specifikuri,
individualuri SemTxvevebic, rac kidev ufro TvalSisacemia uzualuri
sinesTezuri metaforebis fonze.
Seqspiris sonetebi, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, sakmaod mdidari masala
aRmoCnda imis gasarkvevad, Tu romeli aRqmis tipebis sinTeziT cdilobs
mwerali gadmosces Tavisi grZnobebi da maTgan romeli tipebi Warbobs
ufro metad. qvemoT moyvanili cxrili warmoadgens sinesTezur
metaforebSi sxvadasxva aRqmiTi kategoriebis gamoyenebis sixSires:
40
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raode-
noba
procen-
ti
1.vizualuri-gemovnebiTi 17 21,5%
2.audialuri-gemovnebiTi 3 3,8%
3.abstraqtuli-gemovnebiTi 17 21,5%
4.olfaqtoruli-gemovnebiTi 6 7,6%
5.gemovnebiTi-gemovnebiTi 1 1,3%
6.abstraqtuli-vizualuri 7 8,9%
7.vizualuri-taqtiluri 4 5,1%
8.abstraqtuli-taqtiluri 4 5,1%
9.temporaluri-taqtiluri 2 2,6%
10.vizualuri-vizualuri 1 1,3%
11.abstraqtuli-taqtiluri(temperat) 10 12,7%
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
rogorc naSromis I TavSi aRvniSne, sinesTeziis movlena yovelTvis
moiazrebs or komponents: stimuls (Inducer), rac uSualod iwvevs am Tu im
SegrZnebas da pasuxs/reaqcias (Inductant) am stimulze. (Marks 2011).
sinesTeziis gamomwvevi stimulebi da pasuxebi SeiZleba iyos
heteromodaluri (gansxvavebuli modalobis SegrZnebebi) da
homomodaluri (erTi da imave modalobis sxvadasxva ganzomilebebis
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
1.audialuri-taqtiluri-vizua-
luri 2 2,6%
2.gemovnebiTi-vizualuri-ge-
movnebiTi 1 1,3%
3.temporaluri-vizualuri-taq-
tiluri 1 1,3%
4.abstraqtuli-vizualuri-taq-
tiluri 2 2,6%
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
1.vizualuri-olfaqtoruli-
gemovnebiTi-taqtiluri 1 1,3%
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SegrZnebebi). modalobaSi igulisxmeba sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriebi. (ix.
gv.10) Seqspiris sonetebSi gamovlenili sinesTezuri metaforebis
umravlesoba warmodgenilia heterogenuri saxiT.
empiriuli masalis statistikurma analizma aseve cxadyo, rom
Seqspiris sonetebSi yvelaze didi sixSiriT gemos SegrZnebebTan
dakavSirebuli metaforebi gvxvdeba. maTi dayofa SeiZleba ramdenime
jgufad konceptualuri metaforebis saxiT:
I.individi aris gemo:
aRniSnul sonetSi sityvaSi “sweet” nagulisxmevia cneba ,,sikarge’’.
soneti #1
1.“Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.”
soneti #4
2.“For having traffic with thy self alone,
Thou of thy self thy sweet self dost deceive.”
soneti #114
3.“To make of monsters and things indigest
Such cherubins as your sweet self resemble.”
zemoT moyvanil striqonebSi igulisxmeba rogorc sikarge, aseve
silamaze.
soneti #126
4.“Who hast by waning grown, and therein showest
Thy lovers withering, as thy sweet self growest.”
soneti #151
5.“Then, gentle cheater, urge not my amiss,
Lest guilty of my faults thy sweet self prove.”
zemoT moyvanil sonetebSi poeti mimarTavs Tavis adresats _
umSvenieres axalgazrda Wabuks, amitom magaliTebSi sityvas ,,sweet” aqvs
lamazis, mSvenieris mniSvneloba.
42
soneti #8
6.‘’By unions married, do offend thine ear,
They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds
In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear.
Mark how one string, sweet husband to another,
Strikes each in each by mutual ordering.”
zemoT moyvanil magaliTSi xdeba simebis personifikacia. rogorc
konteqstidan irkveva, metaforaSi: ,,sweet husband’’(,,tkbili meuRle”)
sakravis simebi da maTi harmoniuli SeTanxmeba, Sexmatkbileba
igulisxmeba.
momdevno sonetSi, sityva “sweet” gamoyenebulia, rogorc mimarTvis
erTgvari forma:
soneti #108
7.“That may express my love, or thy dear merit?
Nothing, sweet boy; but yet, like prayers divine.”
soneti #133
8.“Is't not enough to torture me alone,
But slave to slavery my sweet'st friend must be?”
zemoT mocemul magaliTSi poets monobis cneba gapirovnebuli aqvs da
mas ,,tkbil megobars“ uwodebs.
ramdenime sonetSi tkbili gemos SegrZneba dakavSirebulia sxeulis
romelime nawilTan:
II. sxeulis nawili aris gemo:
soneti #100
1.“Rise, resty Muse, my love's sweet face survey,
If Time have any wrinkle graven there.”
am magaliTSi sityva ,,tkbili“ lamazis mniSvnelobiT aris gamoyenebuli.
43
soneti #128
2.“How oft when thou, my music, music play’st
Upon that blessed wood whose motion sounds
with thy sweet fingers when thou gently sway’st
The wiry concord that mine ear confounds.”
Tu davakvirdebiT sonetis konteqsts, mivxvdebiT, rom ,,tkbili
TiTebiT“poeti cdilobs xazi gausvas am TiTebiT instrumentze dakrul
sasiamovno melodias.
soneti #145
3.“But when she saw my woeful state,
Straight in her heart did mercy come,
Chiding that tongue that ever sweet
Was used in giving gentle doom.”
zemoT mocemul magaliTSi vxvdebiT gemos kategoriis sinTezs gemos
aRmqmel organosTan-enasTan, romelic aseve dakavSirebulia smeniT
kategoriasTan. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, gemosa da smenis aRqma
erTmaneTTan mWidro kavSirSia. (ix. gv. 41)
rogorc magaliTebis analizma aCvena, saqme gvaqvs sityvis ,,sweet“
polisemiasTan: erT SemTxvevaSi(sweet face) is ,,lamazs“, xolo danarCen
SemTxvevebSi(“sweet finger”, “sweet tongue”) _ ,,sasiamovnos’’ aRniSnavs.
gamovlinda sinesTezuri metaforis ramdenime magaliTi, sadac gemos
kategoria mocemulia smenasTan sinTezSi:
III. xma aris gemo:
soneti #8
1.“By unions married, do offend thine ear,
They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds
In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear.”
44
zemoT mocemul magaliTSi zmnizedis formiT aris warmodgenili
sityva ,,tkbili“ (“sweetly”) da is smeniT kategoriasTan aris
dakavSirebuli.
soneti #73
2.“That time of year thou mayst in me behold
When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.”
aRniSnul magaliTSic Citebis sasiamovnod mosasmen galobaze
miuTiTebs poeti.
Seqspiris sonetebSi gemos kategoriiT aRqmuli sakmaod bevri cneba
dakavSirebulia araerT fsiqikur SegrZnebasTan, procesTan, romelTagan
umravlesoba warmodgenilia sitkbosTan sinTeziT.
IV. siyvaruli aris gemo
Seqspiris aRqmiT, siyvaruli aris tkbili:
soneti #29
1.“From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;
For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.”
soneti #56
2.“Sweet love, renew thy force; be it not said
Thy edgeshouldblunter be than appetite,
Which but to-day by feeding is allayed,
To-morrow sharpened in his former might.”
soneti #76
3.“O! know sweet love I always write of you,
And you and love are still my argument.”
soneti #79
45
4.“Whilst I alone did call upon thy aid,
My verse alone had all thy gentle grace;
I grant, sweet love, thy lovely argument
Deserves the travail of a worthier pen.”
soneti #93
5.“But heaven in thy creation did decree
That in thy face sweet love should ever dwell.”
qvemoT moyvanil sonetSi poets gapirovnebuli hyavs siyvarulisa da
siZulvilis grZnobebi, romlebic erTmaneTs ebrZvian da am Widils is
uwodebs qurds, romelic, sabolood, Zarcvavs mas. Zarcva, rogorc
negatiuri konotaciis mqone sityva, kidev ufro negatiur mniSvnelobas
iZens, radgan mocemulia iseT sityvasTan sinTezSi rogoricaa ,,mJave’’:
soneti #35
6.“Such civil war is in my love and hate,
That I an accessory needs must be,
To that sweet thief which sourly robs from me.”
V. Rirseba, saTnoeba aris gemo:
soneti #93
1.“But heaven in thy creation did decree
That in thy face sweet love should ever dwell;
Whate'er thy thoughts, or thy heart's workings be,
Thy looks should nothing thence, but sweetnesstell.
How like Eve's apple doth thy beauty grow,
If thy sweet virtue answer not thy show!”
VI. survili, neba aris gemo:
soneti #135
46
1.“Whoever hath her wish, thou hast thy Will,
And Will to boot, and Will in over-plus;
More than enough am I that vexed thee still,
To thy sweet will making addition thus.”
VII.fiqri aris gemo:
soneti #30
1.“When to the sessions of sweet silent thought
I summon up remembrance of things past.”
sonetSi #30 aRqmis sami kategoriis sinTezs vxvdebiT:
gemo+smena+abstraqtuli cneba, romelic am mocemul SemTxvevaSi
gonebriv aqtivobas ukavSirdeba.
paralelisTvis sainteresoa am sonetis qarTuli Targmani, romelSic
saerTod ar gvxvdeba sinesTezuri metafora:
,,fiqrTa samyaro ros mouxmobs dReebs gardasuls,
ymawvilkacoba dakarguli momagondeba.“
soneti #71
2.“Nay, if you read this line, remember not
The hand that writ it, for I love you so,
That I in your sweet thoughts would be forgot.”
VIII. pativiscema aris gemo:
soneti #26
1.“To show me worthy of thy sweet respect:
Then may I dare to boast how I do love thee.”
momdevno magaliTSi poets simarTle aRqmuli aqvs rogorc tkbili
ornamenti, rac originaluri ganmartebaa, radgan qarTul enaSic
arsebobs gamoTqma _ mware da tkbili simarTle, magram ara am formiT.
IX. simarTle aris gemo:
soneti #54
47
1.“O! how much more doth beauty beauteous seem
By that sweet ornament which truth doth give.
Semdegi sinesTezuri metaforebi vizualuri kategoriis gemosTan
sinTeziT aris miRebuli:
X. moxdeniloba aris gemo:
soneti #78
1.“In others' works thou dost but mend the style,
And arts with thy sweet graces graced be.”
XI. silamaze aris gemo:
soneti #106
1.“And beauty making beautiful old rhyme,
In praise of ladies dead and lovely knights,
Then, in the blazon of sweet beauty's best
Of hand, of foot, of lip, of eye, of brow,
I see their antique pen would have expressed
Even such a beauty as you master now.”
erT-erTi moulodneloba, rac Seqspiris sinesTezur metaforebSi
gamovlinda aris is, rom garda pozitiuri abstraqtuli cnebebisa,
rogoricaa siyvaruli, Rirseba, pativiscema, silamaze, simarTle, poets
ramdenime negatiuri konotaciis mqone cnebac sitkbosTan sinTezSi aqvs
warmodgenili, es moulodneloba ki imiT aris gamowveuli, rom rogorc
cnobilia, tkbil gemosTan mxolod sasiamovno SegrZnebebi asocirdeba.
XII. sircxvili aris gemo
soneti#95
1.“How sweet and lovely dost thou make the shame
Which, like a canker in the fragrant rose,
Doth spot the beauty of thy budding name!”
48
sagulisxmoa, rom qarTulSic sircxvilis cnebas xSirad vukavSirebT
gemos, gvaqvs aseTi gamoTqmac: sircxvili igema/sircxvili Wama. magram
sircxvilis tkbil gemosTan sinTezi ar gvxvdeba.
XIII. pirferoba aris gemo:
poetis azriT, pirferoba aris tkbili:
soneti #42
1.“But here's the joy; my friend and I are one;
Sweet flattery! then she loves but me alone.”
momdevno sonetSipirferoba warmodgenilia rogorc siTxe, romlis
dalevac SeiZleba, Tumca poetis mier gemos dakonkreteba ar xdeba:
soneti #107
2.“O! 'tis the first, 'tis flattery in my seeing,
And my great mind most kingly drinksit up:
Mine eye well knows what with his gust is 'greeing,
And to his palate doth prepare the cup:
If it be poisoned, 'tis the lesser sin
That mine eye loves it and doth first begin.”
XIV. tyuili aris gemo:
soneti #39
1.“O absence! what a torment wouldst thou prove,
Were it not thy sour leisure gave sweet leave,
To entertain the time with thoughts of love,
Which time and thoughts so sweetly doth deceive.”
XV. sikvdili aris gemo:
soneti #54
49
1.“They live unwoo'd, and unrespected fade;
Die to themselves. Sweet roses do not so;
Of their sweet deaths are sweetest odours made.”
A aRniSnul sonetSi saubaria surnelovani vardebis ,,sikvdilze’’ anu
Wknobaze.
Semdeg magaliTebSi ynosvis SegrZneba dakavSirebulia gemos
SegrZnebasTan:
XVI.suni/haeri aris gemo:
soneti #54
1.“The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem
For that sweet odour, which doth in it live.”
soneti #54
2.“They live unwoo'd, and unrespected fade;
Die to themselves. Sweet roses do not so;
Of their sweet deaths are sweetest odours made.”
soneti #98
3.“Yet nor the lays of birds, nor the sweet smell
Of different flowers in odour and in hue,
Could make me any summer's story tell.”
soneti #99
4.“The forward violet thus did I chide:
Sweet thief, whence didst thou steal thy sweet that smells,
If not from my love's breath?”
soneti #70
5.“That thou art blamed shall not be thy defect,
For slander's mark was ever yet the fair;
The ornament of beauty is suspect,
A crow that flies in heaven's sweetest air.”
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haeri, imis gamo, rom sunTqvasTan asocirdeba, ynosviT kategorias
mivakuTvne.
gvxvdeba sinesTezuri metaforis ramdenime iseTi SemTxvevac, sadac
gemosTan dakavSirebuli SegrZnebis gadmocema xdeba isev gemos
kategoriiT, Sesabamisad aRniSnuli magaliTi warmoadgens homogenuri
sinesTeziis nimuSs:
soneti #118
“As, to prevent our maladies unseen,
We sicken to shun sickness when we purge;
Even so, being full of your ne'er-cloying sweetness,
To bitter sauces did I frame my feeding.”
am magaliTSi poeti saubrobs sitkboze, romlis gemo arasdros iqneba
mosabezrebeli.
gemos kategoria marto tkbili gemoTi ar aris warmodgenili, gvxvdeba
aseve mJave da mware gemoebis aRqmis sxva tipebTan sinTezic. magaliTad,
momdevno sonetebSi poeti mJave gemos drostarebasa da fizikur qmedebas
_ wasvlas ukavSirebs:
XVI. drostareba aris gemo:
XVII. fizikuri qmedeba aris gemo:
soneti #39
“O absence! what a torment wouldst thou prove,
Were it not thy sour leisure gave sweet leave.”
soneti #41
“And when a woman woos, what woman's son
Will sourly leave her till he have prevailed?”
sonetSi #39 poeti wasvlas tkbil gemosTanac akavSirebs.
XVIII. qmedeba aris gemo:
soneti #94
51
“For sweetest things turn sourest by their deeds;
Lilies that fester, smell far worse than weeds.”
XIX. aryofna aris gemo:
soneti #57
“Nor dare I chide the world without end hour,
Whilst I, my sovereign, watch the clock for you,
Nor think the bitterness of absence sour,
When you have bid your servant once adieu.”
zemoT mocemuli sinesTezuri metafora sainteresoa imdenad,
ramdenadac masSi Tavs iyris gemos orgvari tipi: simware (bitterness) da
mJave gemo (sour), swored maTi sinTeziT aRiqvams poeti aryofnis cnebas.
sainteresoa aseve vizualuri sinesTezuri metaforebi, sadac ufro
metad ferTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi Warbobs:
I.Zalaufleba aris feri:
poetis mier, Zalaufleba aRqmulia bnel, muq ferebSi:
soneti #100
1.“Spend'st thou thy fury on some worthless song,
Darkening thy powerto lend base subjects light?
Return forgetful Muse, and straight redeem,
In gentle numbers time so idly spent.”
II.siamaye aris feri:
momdevno sonetSi siamaye warmodgenilia mewamuli feriT. poeti ias
uwodebs ,,tkbil qurds” (“sweet thief”), da brals debs mas, rom mohpara
satrfos tkbili surneli:
soneti #99
1.“The forward violet thus did I chide:
Sweet thief, whence didst thou steal thy sweetthat smells,
52
If not from my love's breath? The purple pride
Which on thy soft cheek for complexion dwells.”
momdevno sonetSi poeti siamayes warmoaCens, rogorc WuWyians, gasvrils.
soneti N#144
,,And would corrupt my saint to be a devil,
Wooing his purity with her foul pride.
And whether that my angel be turn'd fiend
Suspect I may, but not directly tell.”
SeqspirTan zogierTi sinesTezuri metafora savsebiT logikurad JRers,
radganac sxvadasxva Sida Tu gare faqtorebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad
adamianis universalur fiziologiur reaqciebzea dafuZnebuli.
magaliTad: sircxvilis grZnobas poeti siwiTles ukavSirebs, rac
logikuria, radgan siwiTle sircxvilis grZnobis garegnuli
gamovlinebad miiCneva, xolo sasowarkveTilebas TeTr ferad aRiqvams
poeti, rac, aseve damaxasiaTebelia sasowarkveTilebaSi myofi
adamianisTvis, radgan am dros adamians uimedobisagan, romelic SiSisa
da gangaSis grZnobebsac gulisxmobs, feri ekargeba, fiTrdeba. (qarTul
enaSi sityva ,,gafiTreba” modis mcenaris saxelwodebidan ,,fiTri”,
romlis erT-erTi jiSis saxelia ,,TeTri fiTri”):
III. sircxvili aris feri:
IV. sasowarkveTileba aris feri:
soneti #99
“The roses fearfully on thorns did stand,
One blushing shame, another white despair;
A third, nor red nor white, had stol'n of both
And to his robbery had annex'd thy breath.”
V.silamaze aris feri:
qvemoT moyvanil sonetSi, savaraudod, igulisxmeba Seqspiris mistiuri
Savgvremani qalbatoni:
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soneti #132
1.“Then will I swear beauty herself is black,
And all they foul that thy complexion lack.”
zemoT mocemuli sinesTezuri metafora homogenuria, radgan masSi
orive sawyisi da samizne sfero erTi da imave aRqmis kategoriiT _
vizualuri kategoriiTaa warmodgenili.
VI.simarTle aris feri:
poetis azriT, WeSmaritebas ar aqvs feri, is ar saWiroebs Seferadebas.
soneti #101
1.“Make answer Muse: wilt thou not haply say,
'Truth needs no colour, with his colour fixed.”
VII.boroteba aris feri:
SeqspirisTvis qali asocirdeba borotebasTan, cdunebasTan:
soneti #144
1.“Two loves I have of comfort and despair,
Which like two spirits do suggest me still:
The better angel is a man right fair,
The worser spirit a woman coloured ill.
To win me soon to hell, my female evil
Tempteth my better angel from my side.
zemoT moyvanil sonetSi poeti kvlav gulisxmobs mis adresats,
Savgvreman qalbatons (Shakespeare’s Dark Lady), am magaliTSi ki misi
,,zneobrivi feri“ igulisxmeba.
momdevno sonetebSi olfaqtoruli sinesTezuri metafora
warmodgenilia ramdenime magaliTiT, sadac ynosva dakavSirebulia
vizualur, taqtilur da gemos kategoriebTan:
soneti #107
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1.“Now with the drops of this most balmy time,
My love looks fresh, and Death to me subscribes.”
aRniSnul magaliTi aris sami aRqmis kategoriisgan miRebuli, radgan
dro warmodgenilia rogorc siTxis wveTi, (TIME IS FLUID) romelsac
surneli aqvs, Sesabamisad, is taqtilur kategoriasac SeiZleba
mivakuTvnoT: temporaluri+vizualuri+taqtiluri.
qvemoT moyvanilmagaliTSi haeri, romelic olfaqtorul kategorias
miekuTvneba, dakavSirebulia gemos SegrZnebasTan:
soneti #70
2.“That thou art blamed shall not be thy defect,
For slander's mark was ever yet the fair;
The ornament of beauty is suspect,
A crow that flies in heaven's sweetest air.”
momdevno sonetSi kvamli poets warmodgenili aqvs erTi gansazRvrebiT,
romelic SeiZleba erTdoulad oTx sxvadasxva aRqmiT kategorias
mivakuTvnoT: vizualurs, ynosviTs, gemos da taqtilur kategoriebs,
radgan dampals roca vuwodebT raimes, amas misi danaxvis,Sexebis, gemos
gasinjvis da ynosvis safuZvelze vambobT:
soneti #34
3.“Hiding thy bravery in their rotten smoke?
'Tis not enough that through the cloud thou break.”
yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT Seqspiris sonetebSi taqtiluri aRqmis
kategoria gvxvdeba, romelic warmodgenilia Semdegi gansazRvrebebiT:
blagvi(blunter), nazi(gentle,tender), civi(cold), Tbili(warm), cxeli(hot),
dampali(rotten), mwife(ripe), basri(sharp):
I.individi aris nazi:
soneti #151
1.“Love is too young to know what conscience is,
Yet who knows not conscience is born of love?
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Then, gentle cheater, urge not my amiss,
Lest guilty of my faults thy sweet self prove.”
II.siyvaruli/grZnoba aris nazi:
soneti #10
1.“O! change thy thought, that I may change my mind:
Shall hate be fairer lodged than gentle love?”
soneti #141
2.“Nor are mine ears with thy tongue's tune delighted;
Nor tender feeling, to base touches prone,
Nor taste, nor smell, desire to be invited
To any sensual feast with thee alone.”
poetis aRqmiT, grZnoba aris foladiviT myari, gamobrZmedili:
soneti #112
3.“You are my all-the-world, and I must strive
To know my shames and praises from your tongue;
None else to me, nor I to none alive,
That my steeled sense or changes right or wrong.”
grZnobasTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi steeled sense, tender
feeling homogenuria, radgan metaforebis orive sfero(sawyisi,samizne)
taqtilur kategorias miekuTvneba.
III. moxdeniloba aris nazi:
soneti #79
1.“Whilst I alone did call upon thy aid,
My verse alone had all thy gentle grace.”
IV. sanaxaoba aris nazi:
soneti #113
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1.“Nor his own vision holds what it doth catch;
For if it see the rud'st or gentlest sight.”
mocemul magaliTSi sityva ,,gentlest“ ,,keTilSobilurs’’, ,,keTils’’ niSnavs.
V.dRe aris nazi:
soneti #145
1.“That followed it as gentle day,
Doth follow night.”
VI.sikvdili aris nazi:
soneti #145
1.“But when she saw my woeful state,
Straight in her heart did mercy come,
Chiding that tongue that ever sweet
Was used in giving gentle doom.”
VII. poezia (leqsi) aris nazi (daxvewili):
soneti #81
1.“Your monument shall be my gentle verse,
Which eyes not yet created shall o'er-read.”
VIII.dro aris nazi:
soneti #100
1.“Return forgetful Muse, and straight redeem,
In gentle numbers time so idly spent.”
IX.ganzraxva aris forma:
qvemoT moyvanil sonetSi poeti mimarTavs dros da mis zraxvebs
gamosaxavs rogorc blagvi, aseve basri formebiT:
soneti #115
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1.“But reckoning Time, whose million'd accidents
Creep in 'twixt vows, and change decrees of kings,
Tan sacred beauty, blunt the sharp'st intents.”
X.siyvaruli aris forma:
Seqspiris azriT, siyvaruli aris rogorc blagvi formis, aseve basri
formis mqone grZnoba:
soneti #56
1.“Sweet love, renew thy force; be it not said
Thyedge should blunter be than appetite,
Which but to-day by feeding is allayed,
To-morrow sharpened in his former might.”
XI. xma aris forma:
poeti xmas _ gminvas warmogvidgens rogorc basri formis mqones.
(qarTul sityvaSi ,,yurismomWreli” kargad Cans smenisa da Sexebis es
sinesTezuri mimarTeba).
soneti #50
1.“The bloody spur cannot provoke him on,
That sometimes anger thrusts into his hide,
Which heavily he answers with a groan,
More sharp to me than spurring to his side.”
XII.Rame aris forma:
qvemoT mocemul poets Rame warmodgenili hyavs rogorc cicabo formis
mqone. asaki Sedarebulia cxovrebis gzasTan, romelic asakis matebasTan
erTad am gzaze aRmasvlas da TandaTan sinaTlis naklebobas, daRamebas
gulisxmobs.
soneti #63
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1.“When hours have drained his blood and filled his brow
With lines and wrinkles; when his youthful morn
Hath travelled on to age's steepy night.”
sainteresoa isic, rom zemoT aRniSnul magaliTSi ikveTeba
orientaciuli metaforis nimuSi: cxovrebis dasasrulisken savali gza
aris zemoT mimarTuli.
I.lpoba, kvdoma aris temperatura:
aRniSnul sonetSi iqmneba kontrasti axalgazrdobasa da siberes Soris,
poetis azriT, sibere sicivesTan asocirdeba, xolo fizikuri uZlureba,
kvdoma _ lpobasTan:
soneti #11
1.“Thou mayst call thine when thou from youth convertest.
Herein lives wisdom, beauty, and increase;
Without this folly, age, and cold decay.”
II.sikvdili aris temperatura:
soneti #11
1.“Which husbandry in honour might uphold,
Against the stormy gusts of winter's day
And barren rage of death's eternal cold?”
metaforis Seswavlis kuTxiT ormagad saintereso aRmoCnda Seqspiris
bolo ori soneti, sadac siyvarulis koncepti warmodgenilia taqtilur
kategoriasTan, kerZod ki temperaturasTan sinTezSi.
III.siyvaruli aris temperatura:
momdevno or sonetSi siyvaruli Sedarebulia cecxlis wakidebasTan,
aalebasTan, mwvel survilTan. Seqspiris azriT, siyvarulis guls
aTbobs:
soneti #153
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“And his love-kindling fire did quickly steep
In a cold valley-fountain of that ground;
Which borrowed from this holy fire of Love,
sick withal, the help of bath desired,
And thither hied, a sad distempered guest,
But found no cure, the bath for my help lies
Where Cupid got new fire; my mistress' eyes.”
soneti #154
“The little Love-god lying once asleep,
Laid by his side his heart-inflaming brand,
Whilst many nymphs that vowed chaste life to keep
Came tripping by; but in her maiden hand
The fairest votary took up that fire
Which many legions of true hearts had warmed;
And so the General of hot desire
Was, sleeping, by a virgin hand disarmed.
This brand she quenched in a cool well by,
Which from Love's fire took heat perpetual,
Growing a bath and healthful remedy,
For men diseased; but I, my mistress' thrall,
Came there for cure and this by that I prove,
Love's fire heats water, water cools not love.”
qarTul enaSi arsebobs siyvarulTan dakavSirebuli araerTi gamoTqma,
romelic cecxlTan da mis mwvel ZalasTan asocirdeba. magaliTad:
siyvaruliT almodebulia;
siyvaruliT damwvaria;
siyvaruli guls udagavs;
gulSi cecxls(als) unTebs;
cecxls waukidebs;
siyvarulis/trfobis/eSxis ali swvavs;
siyvaruli Caqra;
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Camwvaria;
(vinmes) eSxiT iwvis;
trfobis cecxliT iwvis;
iwvis da idagvis;
rogorc aRmoCnda, inglisur enaSic arsebobs msgavsi gamoTqmebi da is
mosazreba, rom ,,cecxlis’’ meSveobiT ,,siyvarulis“ grZnobis metaforuli
gadmocema mxolod qarTuli eTnospecifikuri movlenaa (amirejibi 2005),
ar aRmoCnda marTebuli.
3.2. qveTavis daskvna:
Seqspiris sonetebis kvlevam sinesTezuri metaforis TvalsazrisiT
cxadyo Semdegi:
1.empiriuli masalis klasifikaciis dros aRmoCnda, rom sinesTezuri
metaforis Seqmnis procesSi monawileobas iRebs aRqmis xuTive tipi:
gemosmieri, taqtiluri, smeniTi, vizualuri da olfaqtoruli.
2.am kategoriebidan SexamebaTa mravalferovnebiT taqtiluri
sinesTezuri metaforebia warmodgenili, Segvxvda Semdegi gansazRvrebebi:
blagvi(blunter), nazi(gentle,tender), civi(cold), Tbili(warm), cxeli(hot),
dampali(rotten), mwife(ripe), basri(sharp).
3.gamoyenebis sixSiriT gemosTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi
Warboben. yvelaze mcire raodenobiT ki olfaqtoruli kategoria
gvxvdeba, sadac ynosva dakavSirebulia vizualur, taqtilur da gemos
kategoriebTan.
4.Seqspiris sonetebSi gemosTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebis
ganxilvis dros gamovlinda ramdenime tipi, yvelaze TvalSisacemi
aRmoCnda sitkbosTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi. gemos
saSualebiT, kerZod ki tkbil gemosTan sinTeziT poets warmodgenili
aqvs samizne sferoebis mTeli kaleidoskopi: individi, monoba, sxeulis
nawilebi, xma, siyvaruli, siZulvili, Rirseba, survili, fiqri,
pativiscema, simarTle, eSxi, silamaze, sircxvili, pirferoba, tyuili,
sikvdili, suni. tkbili gemos kategorias raodenobiT bevrad CamorCeba
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mJave da mware gemosTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi, Tumca
mainc gvxvdeba maTi 4 nimuSi.
5.erT-erTi moulodneloba, rac Seqspiris sinesTezur metaforebSi
gamovlinda aris is, rom garda pozitiuri abstraqtuli cnebebisa,
rogoricaa siyvaruli, Rirseba, pativiscema, silamaze, simarTle, poets
ramdenime negatiuri konotaciis mqone cnebac sitkbosTan sinTezSi aqvs
warmodgenili. mag: sircxvili, tyuili, pirferoba da sikvdilis cnebebi.
es moulodneloba ki gamowveulia imiT, rom rogorc cnobilia, tkbil
gemosTan ZiriTadad mxolod karg, sasiamovno SegrZnebebs akavSireben.
6.Seqspirs magaliTebSi gamovlenili vizualuri kategoria ZiriTadad
warmodgenilia feris saxiT.poetis warmosaxvaSi feri SeiZleba hqondes
Semdeg abstraqtul cnebebs: Zalauflebas, siamayes, silamazes,
simarTles, borotebas.
7.aseve analizma cxadyo, rom sinesTezur metaforebSi, iseve rogorc
konceptualur metaforebSi, ,,anasaxi“ (mapping) xdeba abstraqtulidan
ufro konkretulisaken. es tendencia miuTiTebs imaze, rom metaforis es
tipic warmoadgens fiqrisa da kognitiuri procesis Sedegs.
8.sinesTezuri metaforebi, rogorc Cvens yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi, aseve
poeziaSi ,,anasaxis“ erTsa da imave tendencias eqvemdebareba:
abstraqtulidan _ konkretulisaken, rac miuTiTebs imaze, rom rogorc
pirobiTi, aseve axladwarmoqmnili sinesTezuri metaforebis formirebis
procesi emyareba Cvens kulturul da fizikur SegrZnebebTan
dakavSirebul gamocdilebas.
9.is metaforebi, romlebSic ar xdeba abstraqtuli cnebis ufro
konkretuliT gadmocema, SedarebiT ufro rTulad aRsaqmelia da
anomalurad, markirebulad iTvleba, radgan ,,anasaxi“ ar aris
tradiciuli _abstraqtulidan konretulisaken. sinesTezuri metaforebis
aseTi anomaliuri tipi Seqspiris sonetebSi ar aRmoCnda.
10.Seqspiris sonetebSi gamovlenili sinesTezuri metaforebis
umravlesoba warmodgenilia aRqmis kategoriebis orkomponentiani
formiT.
11.Tu marksis klasifikaciiT vixelmZRvanelebT, romelic ganasxvavebs
heterogenur da homogenur sinesTezias, sonetebSi gamovlinda Semdegi
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statistikuri suraTi: mxolod oTxi homogenuri sinesTezuri metafora,
gamovlenili metaforebis absoluturi umravlesoba ki warmodgenilia
heterogenuri saxiT.
3.3. sinesTezuri metaforebi Teimuraz I-s (1589_1663) SemoqmedebaSi
Teimuraz I-ma, rogorc poetma, mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana qarTul
literaturaSi da zegavlena moaxdina mis Semdgom ganviTarebaze. man
SemoiRo qarTul mwerlobaSi sxvadasxva literaturuli Janri:
ganaviTara gabaasebis Janri da daamkvidra majamuri leqsis forma.
Teimurazma Seqmna ramdenime lirikuli Sedevri da amiT erT-erTma
pirvelma saTave daudo aRorZinebis xanis lirikuli poeziis
ganviTarebas. (baramiZe 2010)
Teimuraz I sasuliero Tematikas aniWebda upiratesobas, Tumca mis
poeziaSi saero Tematika sWarbobs. is erT-erTi pirveli iyo, vinc scada
qarTul poeziaSi erovnuli Tematikis Semotana. man sakuTar Tavze iwvnia
cxovrebis ukuRmarToba da imedis gacrueba. Tavisi qveynis umowyalo
rbeva-awiokebis mowme poetisaTvis mTavari kiTxva iyo wuTisoflis raoba.
misi SemoqmedebaSi erT-erTi centraluri adgili uWiravs wuTisoflis
muxanaTobisa da amaoebis Temas, rogorc piradi tragediis, aseve
sazogado bedukuRmarTobis Sedegad gamowveul gancdebs.
Teimuraz I-ma gadmoaqarTula sparsulenovan samyaroSi farTod
gavrcelebuli poemebi da erovnuli suliskveTebiT ganmsWvala isini.
poeti Tavis erT-erT cnobil poemaSi ,,leilmajnuniani“ wers: ,,sparsTa
enisa sitkboman masurva musikobani”. sagulisxmoa, rom misi yvelaze
cnobili fraza swored sinesTezur xedvazea dafuZnebuli.
rogorc empiriul masalaze dakvirvebam cxadyo, Teimuraz pirvelis
poeturi ena sinesTezur metaforebze msjelobisTvis sakmaod did
masalas iZleva. misi 10 nawarmoebidan, romelTagan 4 poemis saxiTaa
warmodgenili(,,wameba qeTevan dedoflisa”, ,,majama”, ,,vard-bulbuliani”,
,,Sami-farvaniani”) 4 leqsia (,,Tamaris saxe daviT garejas”, ,,SvidTa
krebaTaTvis”, ,,anbanT-qebani”, ,,gremis sasaxleze”), xolo 2 gabaasebis
63
Janris Txzulebas warmoadgens (,,Sedareba gazafxulis da Semodgomisa”,
,,soflis samduravi”), gamovlinda sinesTezuri metaforebi, romlebic
amavdroulad konceptualuri metaforis Teoriis mixedviT iqna
ganxiluli. moxda maTi klasifikacia sawyisi da samizne sferoebis
mixedviT. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili warmoadgens gamovlenil sinesTezur
metaforebSi (79 magaliTi) sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriebis gamoyenebis
sixSires:
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualurikategoriebi raodenoba procenti
1.abstraqtuli-vizualuri 6 7,6%
2.abstraqtuli-sivrcobrivi 1 1,3%
3.abstraqtuli-gemovnebiTi 12 15,2%
4.audialuri-gemovnebiTi 20 25,3%
5.audialuri-vizualuri 3 3,8%
6.vizualuri-gemovnebiTi 3 3,8%
7.audialuri-sivrcobrivi 2 2,5%
8.abstraqtuli-taqtiluri(temperat) 16 20,3%
9.abstraqtuli-taqtiluri 3 3,8%
10.vizualuri-taqtiluri(temperat) 2 2,%
11.abstraqtuli-woniTi 1 1,3%
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
ganvixiloT isini calcalke:
I.codna aris sinaTle/siwminde:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raode-
noba
procen-
ti
1. abstraqtuli-taqtiluri-gemovne-
biTi-vizualuri 1 1,3%
2. abstraqtuli-vizualuri-taqti-
luri 3 3,8%
3. audialuri-gemovnebiTi-taqtiluri 1 1,3%
4. audialuri-gemovnebiTi-vizualuri 3 3,8%
5. audialuri-taqtiluri-vizualuri 2 2,5%
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aRniSnul magaliTSi samizne sfero_abstraqtuli cneba codna
ganxilulia vizualuri aRqmis meSveobiT:
1. ,,RmerTi ars Tavis yovelTa, ig vaqoT, ganvadidoTo,
samni naTelni erTad vTqvaT d mama, Ze, suli wmindoTo,
misis cnobiTa ganvnaTldeT, goneba ganviwmindoTo.“
,,gremis sasaxleze“
mocemul striqonSi poeti konceptualuri metaforiT, romelic aseve
sinesTezuri metaforis nimuSic aris, cdilobs axsnas, rom codna,
romlis saSualebiTac adamiani Seimecnebs RmerTs, aris sinaTle.
sayuradReboa, rom teqstis religiuri Sinaarsidan gamomdinare uflis
Semecnebas avtori gonebis ganwmendasTanac akavSirebs.
II. codna aris simaRle:
codna poetisTvis sulis amaRlebis saSualebac aris, rac aseve
konceptualuri metaforis magaliTia.
samizne sfero _ abstraqtuli cneba swavla warmodgenilia iseTi
sivrcobrivi kategoriiT, rogoricaa simaRle:
1.,,mqonda rame samRTo sibrZne me RvTisagan boZebuli,
swavliT sulTa amaRlebad, sityva Sedgmad boZebuli,
ig moswrafe smenad misad vervin vnaxe moZebuli,
dalpes bevri samRTo wigni miwaSigan modebuli.”
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
III. a) xma aris gemo:
sasiamovno melodias poeti aRwers gemos aRqmiTi kategoriis
saSualebiT, rogorc wesi, sasiamovno xma, ZiriTadad, sitkbosTan
asocirdeba, rac yurisTvis kargi mosasmenia. poeti samizne sferos _ xma
warmodgenilia iseTi sawyisi sferos saSualebiT, rogoricaa tkbili:
smeniTi+gemovnebiTi
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tkbili:
1.,,mgavcocxldebi erT-wel-mkvdari, ra dro mova Seni fasli,
Tavs dagiwyeb Semovlasa, suls amosvlas aRar vacli;
usulsa da tkbilsa xmasa saqebarad Senzed davscli,
Sens Wvretazed samoTxeSi yofasaca me ar gavscvlin.“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
2.,,ar viciT visTvis gaWrila, Tvar igic xelad Tqmulao,
bulbulisagan is ufro am sofliT Sors gasulao,
mTasa da tyesa dafrinavs, ig mosTqvams karg-usulao,
mis xmisa sitkbos Tu viTmca iangariSebs nulao!”
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
3.,,aq aris bazmis sohbaTi, sufrisa Semkobiloba,
dro axal nergTa yvavilTa, turfa vardisa Sliloba,
bulbulTa bgera, yivili, xma-mWevrad Sewyobiloba,
mutribTa rasti muRami, sasmenelTaTvis tkbiloba.“
,,gremis sasaxleze“
poetis azriT, sasmenelis datkboba SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios sasiamovno
musikam, melodiam an kargad warmoTqmulma leqsma, rogorc es momdevno
magaliTSi Cans:
4.,,ar momewyina layabi, es usargeblo sulisa,
sxvad aras mosaxmarisi, oden Cans sibrZne gulisa;
leqsi Cemi sjobs gvarad da tkbilad sasmenlad yurisa,
maSinc rusTvelsa aqebden, me iman gamagulisa.“
,,majama“
b) musika aris gemo:
1..,,mSeniT Svenis da ixarebs walkoti, baRCa baRado,
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RmerTman dagbada yvavilTa Tu ar xelmwifed, raRado?
Seni gayra da Sors yofna aRar damasvi daRado,
musikTa yovlTa utkbosad me Seni qeba vRaRadon! “
,,vard-bulbuliani“
zemoT mocemul magaliTSi rogorc musika aseve qeba warmodgenilia
gemos kategoriiT.
angelozTa galobis sasiamovno xma poetSi tkbil gemos aRZravs:
2.,,dionos brZenman mogviTxra angelozT ganwyobiloba,
ig cxra das-dasi gundoba, ukana anu winoba,
wminda arsobiT xmoba da ig galobisa tkbiloba,
da verc xilva Seni, ver cnoba, verca ras miwdomiloba.”
,,Sami-farvaniani”
momdevno strofSi poetis mier tkbili gemos dakonkreteba xdeba:
Teimuraz pirvels sasiamovnod mosasmeni informacia Sedarebuli aqvs
Saqrisa da Taflis gemosTan:
1. ,,Sami sparsulad sanTelsa hqvian maTisa eniTa,
farvana misTvis mijnurad uTqvams, glax, cremlTa deniTa,
yovlTa mijnurTa usawyle ig survilisa seniTa,
da ig gauleqsavT yurTaTvis Saqrad da Taflad smeniTa.”
,,Sami-farvaniani”
Semdeg striqonSi poeti sasiamovnod metyvelebasac akavSirebs
sitkbosTan:
g) metyveleba aris gemo:
1.,,rom Tqveni sxivni ar miswvTa, ar morCa Suka-dabani,
Sen SemogWvreten myureni, sad sarkmelia da bani,
razomc jer ver Tqven giaxlos, Tvalno, mina da dabani,
67
vficav, rom yvela gaxdebis Tqma tkbilad, anu da bani.“
,,gremis sasaxleze“
2.,,mTu rasme mkiTxav d daexsen, iyos am Sensa aresa,
amao, tkbili mxmobeli, nu moSli baRis karesa.”
,,vard-bulbuliani”
,,tkbil mxmobels’’ poeti sasiamovnos mosaubres uwodebs.
poeti momdevno strofebSic sasiamovnod mosasmen sityvebs sitkbosTan
akavSirebs:
d) sityva aris gemo:
smeniTi + gemovnebiTi
1.,,mindoda qeba-qebasa sxvanica bevri wamerTo,
ar damacale, sofelo, krulo, moklev da wam erTo,
Sengan dameba goneba, tkbili sityvebi wamerTo,
mindoda cremli zRvaTaTvis Cemi niadag wamerTo.“
,,majama“
2.,,gaaubna erTmaneTsa mola ajam brZenTa-brZenman
bulbuls vardi, vards bulbuli sityva tkbili, ena grZelman,
salxino da salaRobod, sxvad arasme SesaZeman;
mijnurTaTvis gulsa laxvrad Wirsa lxinze dasaZeman.“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
3..,,aw bulbulsa sityva uTxra mqise rame, ar Tu tkbili:
msad me da an vin Sena? d xeli xar da, an SeSlili,
hyef, iZaxi dRiv da Rame, gamikrTebis TvalTa Zili,
saqme xelad agiRia, erTob Zneli, ar advilin.“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
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poetis azriT tkbili sityva saaamo azris, sasiamovno mniSvnelobis mqone
saubars niSnavs, romelic yovelTvis dadebiTad aRiqmeba msmenelis
mxridan. jer kidev SoTa rusTaveli werda tkbili sityvis yovlisSemZle
Zalaze:
,,gvelsa xvreliT amoiyvans ena tkbilad moubari.”
e) pasuxi aris gemo:
1.,,ra momagondis igi mze, mdindian cremlni mwareni,
misgan mominda pasuxi tkbilni, ar sawyinareni,
usulod viyav umisod, rac xani waviareni,
man momalxina, visi mZlevs me sufTa are-mareni.“
,,majama“
2.,,vardman ubrZana pasuxi tkbili da ar gamwyralebi:
msityva ixmare msmenelTa sabralod, Sesawyalebi;
mijnurad erTob kargi xar, gulsa gWirs dasabralebi,
mTqmeli xar erTob uebro, xma gaqvs ar dasamalebin.“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
,,xmis sitkbo’’, ,,sasmenelTaTvis tkbiloba’’, ,,tkbilad sasmenlad yurisa”,
,,Tqma tkbilad”, ,,tkbili sityvebi”, ,,pasuxi tkbilni”, ,,tkbili mxmobeli”,
,,xmisa sitkbo”, ,,yurTaTvis Saqrad da Taflad smena”, ,,galobisa
tkbiloba” _ es is frazebia, romelTac poeti iyenebs smeniTi aRqmis
tkbil gemosTan dasakavSireblad. rogorc davinaxeT,isini didad ar
gansxvavdebian erTimeorisagan da arc raime originalobiT gamoirCevian,
es magaliTebi gacveTili metaforebis jgufs miekuTvneba. amis Tqmis
safuZvels iZleva is garemoeba, rom azrobrivad msgavsi metaforuli
gamonaTqvamebis umetesoba Segvxvda Cem mier ganxilul rogorc qarTvel,
aseve inglisel poetebTanac.
Tu sasiamovnod mosasmeni xma da pozitiuri Sinaarsis mqone sityvebi
sitkbosTan asocirdeba, Sesabamisad, tkivilisa da tanjvis gamomxatveli
69
Zaxili, kvnesa metaforulad mware gemosTan asocirdeba. samizne sfero _
kvnesa avtors warmodgenili hyavs iseTi sawyisi sferoTi, rogoricaa
mware:
mware:
ა) kvnesa aris gemo:
smeniTi+gemovnebiTi
1.,,mra me movsulvar, mas aqeT brunavs am Cemsa aresa,
dafrinavs srula xedaxe, iZaxis, kvnesis mwaresa;
ra gameRviZos, aq vnaxav Cemzedan dambrunvaresa,
pirs ar SeiRebs, ar gavlis gare baRisa karesan.“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
2.,,bulbulman sulTqna sabralod, amoikvnesa mwareni,
cremli dasTxia TvalTagan sisxlis ferisa dareni;
misis sulTqmisa kvamliTa srul dawva igi areni,
viTamc vqva sityva amayi, ig ar Tu samudareni!“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
b) sityva aris gemo:
1.,,bralia, aq ar iZaxdes, kacman gaagdos garesa!
ar daiSala, bulbulsa sityvasa etyvis mwaresa.“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
2.,,bulbulman uTxra: mpir-mzeo, rad agre momiSoreo?
re mwarisa sityviTa gulSi laxvari moreo,
Sens axlos yofnas ar vRirsvar, ekalSi gamagoreo,
aq Sens win Tavsa moviklav, Tu kidev metyvi «Soreo»!
,,vard-bulbuliani“
70
g) wyevla aris gemo:
poeti wyevlas, rogorc negatiuri arsis mqones, akavSirebs mware
gemosTan:
smeniTi+gemovnebiTi:
1.,,arioz ZaRlman, cud sibrZniT laRman
sworad ara Tqva Ze mamis dared,
petre gankveTa, srul gardikveTa,
orsav cxovrebas dawyevla mwared.”
,,SvidTa krebaTaTvis”
sitkbosTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebisgan gansxvavebiT
smeniTi aRqmis mware gemosTan dakavSirebuli frazebi ar gamoirCevian
mravalferovnebiT: es jgufi warmodgenilia sul sami gamonaTqvamiT:
,,mware sityva”, ,,mware kvnesa” da ,,mware wyevla”.
IV. xma aris gemo da feri:
smeniTi+gemovnebiTi+vizualuri
mocemuli magaliTi sinteresoa im mxriv, rom aq TiTqos iqmneba
sinesTezuri asociaciis jaWvi, radgan Tavmoyrilia grZnobadi aRqmis
sami tipi: smeniTi, gemovnebiTi da vizualuri. simRera, romelic tkbili
gemos asociacias iwvevs, aseve dakavSirebulia ferad aRqmasTan: poetis
xedviT xmas SeiZleba hqondes ara marto gemo aramed feric, Tan
aTasgvari:
1.,,Cems droSi iqnas vardi da zedan bulbulTa xeloba,
erTs-aTasferi Sveneba, meores d danamWreloba,
erTisa uebroba da meoris xelqmna, deloba,
ig mazed tkbilad mRera da xmaaTasferad Wreloba.”
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
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momdevno magaliTSi xmis vizualuri aRqma xdeba: poetis azriT xma
SeiZleba iyos feradi:
V. xma aris feri:
smeniTi+vizualuri
“ucxo var, uamxanago, ar cudi vinme Citia,
iadoni da mercxali - vera xmobs CemTan _ gvritia,
ferad-feradi Cemi xma verc sasmenelman itia,
aw momkla Senman survilman, sakvdavad Semomitia.”
,,vard-bulbuliani”
VI. xma aris gemo da siTxe:
smeniTi+gemovnebiTi+taqtiluri
Semdegi strofi sainteresoa imiT, rom garda gemos kategoriisa poeti
sityvas warmoadgens rogorc siTxis nakads, romelic sworxazovnad
miedineba:
1,,vin xarT gonebis ufali, mTargmneli daRrmobilisa,
modiT sibrZnisa trfialno, smenad sityvisa tkbilisa!
scaniT RaribTa sityvaTa salizRad Sewyobilisa,
da viT nakaduli RarSigan, sworad mideniT milisa.”
,,Sami-farvaniani”
VII. Sexedva aris gemo:
vizualuri+gemovnebiTi
1.,,dauswro pirvel yovelTa yvavilTa mosvla iaman,
mogvarTva suli surneli, igi saynoselma iaman;
Tavmodrekilman simdabliT ar Tavi gaizvia man,
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tkbilad Sexedna Tvalman da gulisa karman Riaman.“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
poeti gemos kategoriiT ara marto smeniT, aramed vizualur aRqmasac
gadmoscems. misTvis sasiamovno mzera asocirdeba tkbil gemosTan.
VIII. moZRvreba aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
mocemul magaliTSi poets moZRvreba warmodgenili hyavs tkbili gemos
saSualebiT:
1.,,Ze Tana arsad, sulic mun arsad,
erT bunebad Tqves sam-pirebani,
ganyves, ar gaWres, mtkiced dabeWdes
ig usxeulod martivebani,
yvelam Senerwyva evtuqis Serwyma,
sabelianos Serevnebani,
da ganWres, gankveTes, gardaikveTes,
Cven wina gviyves tkbil moZRvrebani.”
,,SvidTa krebaTaTvis”
mogonebas poeti sinaTles ukavSirebs, radgan sityva ,,naTeli” yovelTvis
kargi konotaciis Semcvelia, vxvdebiT, rom karg, lamaz mogonebebzea
saubari.
IX. mentaluri procesi aris sinaTle:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri
,,mefeni movlen surviliT, Sensa saxesa hmoneben,
Seuracxhyofen mnaTobTa, naTlad ar moigoneben.“
,,Tamaris saxe daviT garejas“
73
momdevno magaliTSi saubaria madlze, romelic adamianisTvis uxilavia,
poetisTvis ki sinaTlea, romelic adamians ganabrwyinebs. aRsaniSnavia,
rom religiuri gagebiT madli naTelTan aris dakavSirebuli, rac
adamianis sulier sinaTles gulisxmobs.
X. madli aris sinaTle:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri
,,odesme wavdge SiSveli, qed daxriT daymunebuli,
odidgan codviT mosili, ar madliT ganbrwyinebuli,
orgniTve xel-ferx Sekruli, garesknel wardginebuli,
mimelis matli uZilo da cecxli aRtyinebuli.“
,,wameba qeTevan dedoflisa“
XI. ambavi, informacia aris forma:
smeniTi+taqtiluri/vizualuri
,,msulo, gauSvi alagni, Tvalno, daagden budeni,
gulo, saZirkvliT aRmoxe, moirRven gare zRudeni,
tano, ze nuRar marTixar, gidis qve zRvani udeni,
qaro, sad miswvde, miiRe ambavni arsamrudenin.“
,,wameba qeTevan dedoflisa“
poeti ,,ambavis gamrudebaSi” gulisxmobs informaciis Secvlas,
arasworad gadacemas. radgan ambavis ,,gamrudeba’’ SesaZlebelia, ese igi,
is warmodgenilia materiis formiT, romlis Sexebac da danaxvac aris
SesaZlebeli.
XII. sityva aris forma:
momdevno magaliTi warmoadgens sami modalobis sinTezs: audialuris,
taqtilurisa da vizualuris. samizne sfero _ ,,naTqvami’’ warmodgenilia
iseTi sawyisi sferos saSualebiT, romelic erTsa da imave dros or
aRqmiT kategorias SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT: rogorc taqtilurs aseve
74
vizualurs, radgan sagnis mrudoba dgindeba rogorc saganze SexebiT,
aseve vizualuri aRqmis saSualebiT.
smeniTi+taqtiluri/vizualuri:
,,Semodgomam Tqva: naTqvami Seni mamesma mrudebi,
ara grcxvenian, Seqmnilxar srul tyuilisa budebi?
me var da Cemi haeri simarTlis navTsayudebi?
gazafxuls sustobs yoveli, joxs unda misayudebi.“
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
araswor, cud namoqmedars poeti TiTqos vizualuradac aRiqvams da
taqtiluradac, radgan aseT saqmes mruds uwodebs:
XIII. saqme/namoqmedari aris forma:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri/taqtiluri
,,lazare wminda, marTali, mariam merme, da marTa,
lavrenti didman, arseni Cemad saSvelad damarTa,
lusimaxom da areTam suls, vvedreb, kargi damarTa,
da longinoz Cemgan naqmarni mrudni saqmeni damarTa.”
,,anbanT-qebani”
Teimurazis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba samyaros sivrcobriv aRqmasTan
dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforis magaliTebic. mniSvnelovan,
yuradsaReb informacias poeti sivrcobrivad aRiqvams da mas ,,Rrmad
gasagon sityvas” uwodebs:
smeniTi+sivrcobrivi
1.,,wmindani orni stefane, ig erTi diakoneo,
warmoTqva grigol niselman sityva Rrmad gasagoneo,
wignebi damaskelisa gvaqvs bevri mosawoneo,
da wamitaneben samoTxes, xels mkidebs wminda vkoleo.”
75
,,anbanT-qebani”
Semdeg magaliTSic sivrcis ganmsazRvreli termini ,,Rrma” TqmasTan
mimarTebiT aris gamoyenebuli, raSic moiazreba didi mniSvnelobis,
Rrmaazrovani naTqvami. sityva ,,Rrmaazrovanic” swored samyaros
sivrcobrivi aRqmis Sedegad aris miRebuli.
2.,,yvela sofels daemona - didi iyo, gina mcire,
sizmrisagan ufro cudsa ese metad gavikvire,
Rrma rame vTqvi - damekarga, igi vervis movasmine,
aw mec mivyev layabebsa - egeb amiT movalxine.”
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
sainteresoa, rogor xdeba siyvarulis metaforizacia Teimurazis
SemoqmedebaSi: poeti siyvaruls adarebs cecxlis stiqias, romelic
wvavs da guls udagavs mijnurebs. cecxlTan dakavSirebul uamrav
termins vxvdebiT mis leqsebsa Tu poemebSi, rac iribad siyvarulis
grZnobas ukavSirdeba, magaliTad: ali,dawva, dadagva, danacreba, cecxlis
SekeTeba/dagzneba, cexlis ganeleba, da a.S.
XIV. emocia aris temperatura:
avtors samizne sfero _ abstraqtuli cneba siyvaruli warmodgenili
aqvs iseTi sawyisi sferoTi, rogoricaa cecxli:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri(temp.)
1.,,Tavman Senman, risxva unda kadrebisa daumalsa,
magram ra vqna, sxivTa cecxlsa srul dauwvavs guli alsa!
dauWrivar almasisa, misdgomia dana Zvalsa,
Tu ar mixsni, Sevdgomilvar majnunisa me, glax, kvalsa.“
,,majama“
2.,,uwyis RmerTman, vera vxedav qveynad Sensa danamgzevsa,
dauwvivar ig uwyalod cecxlsa Sengan danagzevsa,
76
gulisaTvis dasalaxvrad Cemken wamwam danagzevsa.
xams mivmarTo majnunisa wanavalsa da nagzevsa.“
,,majama“
3.,,moigone siyvaruli SenTvis sulTa ganawir, va,
kacs acxovnebs samarTlis qmna, usamarTlo gana wirva?
glax, laxvari siSorisa aTasi mkra, gan awi rva,
sjobs daagzna siyvaruli davsebuli, da namwir, va.“
,,majama“
momdevno magaliTSi poeti isev siyvarulze miuTiTebs, da amjerad mas
,,survilis cecxls’’ uwodebs, romelsac mwveli Zala aqvs:
4.,,gulo, cecxli survilisa ar daavse, SeukeTe,
me mun damwvi, aw laxvari, mgoni, mogxvdes Sen umkveTe,
gnaxe egre Sen uTmoblad, Tavsa xelqmna Sen ukeTe,
yvela miT hqen, naxe vinme mnaTobTagan Sen ukeTe?“
,,majama“
5.,,guli wamarTvi cnobiTurT, miTxar, nacvali mame ra?
veRara gpove saCemod, gayrisa sevda mamera,
uvardod walkotisaTvis Tvalni rasTvisRa mamera?
damwvi da wyali ar masvi, damwvarsa gulsa mame ra?!”
,,majama“
6.,,vervin naxos misebr, vinc vlos oTxiv yure monakide,
odes gnaxa gavsebuli, mTvare gaxda monakide,
viT ar daswvavs siSorisa gulsa cecxli monakide?
viT, glax, vzido mZime tvriTi, survilisa monakide.“
,,majama“
7.,,anelebdi, nu ukeTeb, gulo, cecxlsa danagzevsa,
Tvar wina giZs mijnurisa xelqmna, ganvla danagzevsa,
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ver morCebi daulaxvrad wamwamTagan danagzevsa.
igi miTqvams da mas vityvi: ese sjobso danagzevsa.“
,,majama“
8.,,man erT-dRe ixmo mebaRe xalvaTad Tavis winare,
Tqva: mgkiTxav rasme, miambe, Tvare gyo cremlTa mdinare;
bevr-mraval-gvarad mxmobeli, miTxar, eg Citi vin are?
kvdebis, iwvis da iZaxis, arvis unaxavs mZinare;“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
9.,,mbevrjer minaxavs usulod ekalTa Zirsa mdebare,
gavbedav uTxra: «damarxeT, ra baRSi mova mebare».
ityvis: «cocxalvar, rad mmarxavT»? - gulsa cecxli mwvavs mdebare!»
aw miTxar: - me da es baRi Sens xelT varT, Sen mogebaren.“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
Tu davakvirdebiT, siyvarulis temperaturasTan dakavSireba, ZiriTadad,
gulis organos saSualebiT xdeba, rac ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi, radgan
gulis is organoa, romelic uSualod aris kavSirSi adamianis
emociebTan da grZnobebTan.
10.,,mmibrZane, miTxar marTali d Tvar vikadrebdi me rado!
SenTvis iwvis da enTebis, pirispir gizis mzerado;
Tavsa gevlebis xelqmnili, zed dagWikWikebs mRerado,
aw Senca hkiTxe, giambos, ubrZane- «damkvnes me rado»?”
,,vard-bulbuliani“
11.,,mra gnaxes, gixmes yovelTa yvavilTa uturfesado,
Senad uferad mijnurad, netar, damweres me sado?
egzom moTqma da zaxili, mgoni, meyofis kvnesado,
damwvi, gamxade abedad, Sen iqmen Cemad kvesado!n“
78
,,vard-bulbuliani“
poetis azriT adamianis mijnuroba siyvarulis cecxlSi gamoidnoba:
12.,,misgan iswaveT yovelTa xeloba, mijnurobani,
siyvarulisa cecxlSigan ig misebr gamodnobani;
mas viTar Tavi gardauc, Tqven miayoleT cnobani,
da TiTi ukaveT yovelTa, vinc ver hqnaT mis odnobani.”
,,Samifarvaniani”
momdevno strofSi poeti trfobis obieqts moixseniebs, rogorc
,,damwvels”, (risi safuZvelic aris zemoT xsenebuli konceptualuri
metafora), xolo misgan naTqvam sityvebs ki simwaris gemo dahkravs.
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri
smeniTi+gemovnebiTi
13. ,,cocxals miuswraT, ismineT ig misi naubarebi,
ras etyvis missa damwvelsa_scnaT sityva misi mwarebi,
sayvarelisa SuqiTa frTani gar Semomwvarebi,
da ucilod mokvdes –damarxeT, Tan miataneT barebi.”
,,Sami-farvaniani”
gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom poemis mTavari moqmedi piri farvana
etrfis sanTels, romelic nel-nela wvavs mas. metaforulad poeti
farvanas adarebs gamijnurebul adamians, xolo sanTels da mis als -
siyvarulis mwvel Zalas. amitom zemoT mocemul magaliTSi, sadac poeti
metaforulad saubrobs sayvarlis Suqze, masSi sanTlis Suqs
gulisxmobs, xolo sanTlisgan damwvar frTebSi _ siyvarulisgan
damwvar adamians.
poetis xedviT, ara marto siyvaruls aqvs mwveli Zala, aramed Secodebas,
sibralulsac SeuZlia adamians guli daswvas, aqedan gamomdinare,
miviReT Semdegi konceptualuri metafora, romelic poetis sinesTezur
xedvas efuZneba:
79
XV. emocia aris cecxli
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri:
,,farvana sanTels evleba, Seqmnila misTvis sadaRa,
Wkua da cnoba wasvlia_mas daukargavs sada Ra?
mis meti misad patronad sxva vin undodes, sad aRa?
da mijnurTa misis braliTa guli daswvia sadaR a!”
,,Sami-farvaniani”
poets siyvaruli warmodgenili hyavs aramarto airad (cecxlovan)
mdgomareobaSi, aramed Txevad mdgomareobaSic:
XVI. emocia aris siTxe da gemo:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri+vizualuri+gemovnebiTi
,,msgavsad sakadrad xel-yofna, netar, viT Zal-aqvs enas miT!
sxvani yofilni xtomiT Tqves, magra Tqvens Suqsa enasmiT,
Sors myofni amad natroben, mogaxlden, - iyvneT enasmiT,
Tqvens siyvarulsa zavebden, ig tkbilad rasme e nasmiT.“
,,gremis sasaxleze“
aRniSnul magaliTSi vxvdebiT 4 aRqmiT kategorias: poets siyvarulis
grZnoba warmodgeniliaqvs siTxis saxiT, rac taqtilur da vizualur
kategorias miekuTvneba erTdroulad, amasTanave poeti miuTiTebs mis
tkbil gemoze.
cecxlisa da siTxis garda poeti siyvaruls adarebs sinaTles, sxivs,
romelsac aseve aqvs wvis Zala:
XVII. emocia aris sxivi/sinaTle:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri
,,misgan gaxdes sul cierni, ar icnobis danacarad,
man damiWra guli wamwmiT, moixmara danac arad,
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srulad damwva sxivTa cecxlman, lamis viqmne danacarad.”
,,majama“
momdevno magaliTSi sinesTezuri idiomi gvaqvs saxeze: ,,Savad dgoma”
pirSavad yofnis msgavsad niSnavs Sercxvenas:
XVIII. emocia aris feri:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri
,,ჵdes cani warigragnes, maSin iqces wigni tyavad,
ჵqro qrTamad ar gavides, visac hqondes mosarwyavad,
ჵrigin da nestor, petroz ariozTan idges Savad,
da ჵi me, Tu meca mkiTxon codva Cemgan danaSavad.”
,,anbanT-qebani”
poeti sxvadasxva abstraqtul cnebebs sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriebiT
gadmogvcems, magaliTad, sinanuls gemos kategorias ukavSirebs, kerZod
ki simwares da es bunebrivicaa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom sinanuli
yovelTvis usiamovno emocias aRZravs:
XIX. emocia aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
,,krulman sofelman Cemi dRe srulad simwariT manana,
Zili ar momca marTalTa, arc sada miTxra man nana,
ros israelTa uwvima RmerTman mwyeri da manana,
moxucebulsa iokims asuli uSo man ana“.
,,soflis samduravi“
XX. urTierToba aris tkbili:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
momdevno magaliTSi poetis sinesTezuri xedva ori kuTxiT aris
warmarTuli: 1.sityva ,,damwvari’’ isev da isev miuTiTebs imaze, rom
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siyvaruls poeti adarebs cecxlis stiqias, romelic anadgurebs adamians;
2.amxanagobis cneba gemos kategoriiT aris warmodgenili:
1. ,,mas argeT rame sawyalsa, damwvarsa, davalebulsa,
mas tkbili amxanagoba avasxeT, davalebulsa;
wyali daasxiT moswrafed mas gulsa davalebulsa,
da xeli daxureT Tvalzedan sakvdavad dalulebulsa.”
,,Sami-farvaniani”
savsebiT logikurad poeti Wirs mware gemos ukavSirebs:
kidev erTi abstraqtuli cneba, romelsac poeti cecxlis meSveobiT
gadmoscems, gaWirvebuli mdgomareobaa:
XXI. rTuli mdgomareoba aris cecxli:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri
1.,,RmerTo, nu miwyen am cudsa layabsa, midmodebasa,
veRar gauZel Svid zafxul mowyeniT cudad gdebasa,
SeWirvebisa cecxlTa da gulsa saxmilTa debasa,
da moveli Sengan xsnasa da Sensave imedebasa!”
,,Sami-farvaniani”
am magaliTSi siyvarulis cecxliT konceptualizacia xdeba Semdegi
fraziT _ ,,saxmilis modeba’’: saxmili Rumelis cecxls niSnavs, (SaniZe
1986) metaforulad ki siyvarulis cecxls.
poets Wiri da ubedureba warmodgenili hyavs cecxlis saxiT:
XXII. Wiri/ubedureba aris gemo:
gausaZlis sicocxles mware gemos ukavSirebs poeti:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi:
1.,,aman SemSala_ver vxedav qveynad me Sensa daresa,
zogi ram mzesa migigavs da zogi rame mTvaresa,
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Senman sxivman da cimcimman Wirsa damaba mwaresa,
da Tavsa gevelebi, nu momklav me Sensa memudaresa.”
,,Sami-farvaniani”
XXIII. Wiri, ubedureba aris cecxli(temperatura):
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri(temp.)
,,Wirni movlen mudam CemTvis dauklebrad ama sala,
moaqvs cecxli mosadeblad, masTan moaqvs amas ala,
almasisa gulsa farad xams da unda amas ala,
amisTvis sjobs es mTvaresa, ar aCnia amas ala.“
,,majama“
XXIV. lxini, bedniereba aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
1.,,turfa xar SvenierebiT, tani migigavs sarosa,
va, SenisTana mijnursa vervin eRirsos arosa,
kaci xams SenTvis gaiWras da lxini gaimwarosa,
tariels qvabsa estumros, majnunTan daemyarosa.“
,,majama“
2.,,maSin gaixmen mefeni mindorad oTaR karavsa,
mutribTa jarni, mgosanni lxinsa gamarTven ar avsa,
bedaurT cxenTa gaabmen mindorTa dasafaravsa,
gardaixdian mejlissa, lxinsa ar gasamwaravsa.”
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
XXV. adamianis xilva aris cecxli:
vizualuri+taqtiluri(temp.)
poetisTvis adamianis xilva aris cecxlis mokidebis mizezi:
1.,,Tqveni naxva wylulTa CemTa ufro cecxlad moekida,
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moiSala brolis sveti, mkerdsa zed gardmoekida,
aRmofrinda suli, sulsa Cemi Tqvens gamoekida,
Tuca ginda cocxal viyo, — kvlavca mnaxe, moe kida.“
,,majama“
sainteresoa poetis bedisadmi damokidebulebac. misi aRqmiT, bedi
SeiZleba daigrixos da mrude forma miiRos. maSasadame, beds is
warmogvidgens, rogorc ganivTebuls, romlis Sexeba da formis aRqmac
SegviZlia:
XXVI. bedi aris forma:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri/taqtiluri
,,damegrixa bedi mrudad, ar veWv, iqmnes danacarad.“
,,majama“
poeti lxinze saubrobs gemos aRqmis kategoriiT da miaCnia, rom
bednierebas da lxins, romelsac Tan ubedureba sdevs, simwaris gemo
dahkravs, anu cudi movlenebis gamo SeiZleba lxinis ,,gamwareba”.
Semdeg strofSi saubari warmodgenilia vizualuri kategoriiT, sityva
,,kaSkaSi” gamoyenebulia zmnizedis formiT:
XXVII. laparaki aris sinaTle:
smeniTi+vizualuri
momdevno strofSi poeti ,,saidumlo serobis” scenas gadmogvcems:
,,nadimad msxdomTa salxinod saqme gavsinjoT surisa,
Tavis sisxls gvasmevs salxinod, esoden CvenTvis surisa,
kaSkaSiT gvetyvis: “maS Tu ar ig Cemi sisxli, hsu risa?
Semamkobeli lxinisa da Zali ususurisa.”
,,majama“
XXVIII. adamiani aris gemo:
vizualuri+gemovnebiTi
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poets adamiani warmodgenili hyavs gemos kategoriis saSualebiT, am
konteqstSi gvxvdeba rogorc tkbili, aseve mware gemo:
tkbili:
1.,,Sirazis xanis qebasa ver ityvis brZenTa enani,
mdabali, tkbili, mowyale, aqeben sulad qvenani,
Rirseulia RvTisagan, miTa scavs ZalTa zenani,
sams Tvesa ar gaucxada, amisi hqonda Cenani.“
,,wameba qeTevan dedoflisa“
mware:
1.,,megzoms xans Seni xelqmnili sxvagan sad unda warevdes?
xams, Tumca sxvaTa mijnuri Sens siturfesa warevdes;
Seni mZebneli, glax, SenTvis Tavs unda gaimwarevdes,
Senisa mokrefisaTvis xelsa ekalSi warevdesn.”
,,vard-bulbuliani“
qarTul poeziaSi sikvdilisa da sicocxlis cnebebis metaforizacia
Zalian xSiria. poets sikvdilis abstraqtuli cneba warmodgenili aqvs,
rogorc siTxe, romlis dalevac SeiZleba:
XXIX. sikvdili aris siTxe:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri
1.,,TviT RmerTi brZanebs, romeli amtkicebs oTxsav yurebsa,
Tvals ar unaxavs misebri, arca Sesvlia gulebsa,
Cans, sikvdilisa sasmliTa arvis uSveben ulebsa,
xorcni aq winad gardiqces, zecas wagvisxmen sulebsa.”
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
XXX. sikvdili aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
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1.,,vis sicocxle mware hqondes, d sikvdili Tqva SoTam tkbilad,
rom xmeleTsa anaTobdes, bolod iqnas ig aCrdilad,
nacvlad brolTa-margaliTta mogvecemis qarva kbilad,
grakis xesa dagvemzgavsneT pirvel norCi, alva zrdila.“
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
Teimurazis SemoqmedebaSi erT-erTi mTavari Temaa wuTisoflis
simuxTlis, amaoebis da samduravis Tema. am Rrmad filosofiur Temas
kidev ufro sainteresos xdis misi sinesTezuri metaforis WrilSi aRqma.
es sxvadasxva grZnobis kategoriebis saSualebiT xdeba:
XXXI. wuTisofeli/sicoxle aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
1.,,uwyis ufalman, sofeli aravis gauTavdebis,
pirvelad amod Seitkbobs, sayvarlad dauamdebis,
aRar gahyvebis, bolos Jam umuxTlebs, gauavdebis,
me mas vhgmob, vinca miendos, anu vinmc dauzavdebi.“
,,soflis samduravi“
Teimuraz I gaubedurebul sicocxles ,,gamwarebuls” uwodebs, rac imas
niSnavs, rom, mis usiamovno gancdebs poeti ,,simwares’’ ukavSirebs.
2.,,scaniT, sibrZnisa trfialno, Zalni sityvaTa Tqmulisa,
ucebTa arad sandomi, cnobilTa d wamlad gulisa;
me gamimwarda sawuTro, abezar viqmen sulisa,
soflisa avad brunvaman me erTob gamagulisa.“
,,vard-bulbuliani“
3.,,vis sicocxle mware hqondes, d sikvdili Tqva SoTam tkbilad,
rom xmeleTsa anaTobdes, bolod iqnas ig aCrdilad,
nacvlad brolTa-margaliTta mogvecemis qarva kbilad,
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grakis xesa dagvemzgavsneT pirvel norCi, alva zrdila.“
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
4..,,mteric ver gaZlebs uSenod, xar yovlTa mosaxmaria,
moyvare var da mijnuri, nu eWv, rom gageyaria;
sikvdilisagan sicocxle aw Cemi ufro mwarea,
da veRar moviwvdi_aseTi gulsa isari mkaria.”
,,Sami-farvaniani”
wuTisofels poeti ar warmoadgens marto gemos kategoriiT, aramed
cecxlis Tvisebebs miawers mas:
XXXII. wuTisofeli aris cecxli:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri(temp.)
1.,,me viyav ucxo Raribad raWa hqvian, Tu agara,
ig ramdon rigad sofelman guli cecxliTa dagara,
pirveliTgan da bolomde saqme momirTo ra gvara,
gulsa lxini da niSati srulad samkvidros wamgvara.”
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
2.,,rad, sofelo, sxva ar daswvi Cemebr, me mqen dasadage?!
glax, laxvari sasikvdine yvela me mkar, dasad age!
damikarge Ze, asuli, Zma ar vici, da sad age?
sxva nayofi maTebr turfa ra aSene da sad age?”
,,Sedareba gazafxulisa da Semodgomisa”
religiur konteqstebSi sibnele ZiriTadad codvian bunebas, xolo
sinaTle da ,,gulis ganaTleba’’ madlis miRebas niSnavs, aqedan
gamomdinareobs Semdegi sinesTezuri konceptualuri metaforebi:
XXXIII.codva aris sibnele/sikeTe, madli aris sinaTle:
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abstraqtuli+vizualuri
1.,,xaralampi amfiloqe, didi wminda ikoneli,
xaritonis SewevniTa CemTvis cecxli iyo neli,
xvrisanTeman aRusrulos sulsa Cemsa sawadeli,
da xeman svetman kvarTisaman ganminaTlos guli bneli.”
,,anbanT-qebani”
Tu davakvirdebiT, mivxvdebiT, rom sityvaSi _ ,,guli” poeti gulisxmobs
ara konkretulad adamianis biologiur organos, aramed, zogadad, mis
Sinagan samyaros, gulidan wamosul grZnobebs.
momdevno magaliTSi codvasTan dakavSirebul konceptualur metaforas
vxvdebiT, sadac codva dakavSirebulia simZimesTan. codva amZimebs
adamians, e.i. codva radgan simZimea, adamians zeviT uflisken saval
gzaze siarulSi xels uSlis. es metafora exmianeba jonsonisa da
leikofis konceptualur metaforas, kerZod ki orientaciul metaforas:
kargi aris zemoT/cudi aris qvemoT(GOOD IS UP/BAD IS DOWN)
,,aRmarTa mxsnelman jvari golgoTas, sisxli dasTxia adamis ZvalTa,
aRmosavleTiT misca mamuli, pirvel muniTgan gamonaZalTa,
aRmisubuqen Cemni codvani, Sen gevedrebi zecisa ZalTa
da aRdgomasaca nu damiviwyeb, romeli gviSev_magisa ZalTa.”
,,anbanT-qebani”
mocemul strofSi poets tkbili Rvino Sedarebuli aqvs saRmrTo
ZalasTan, romelic atkbobs adamianis pirs:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
,,Zili hmarTebso”_vinc naxa, Tqves: ,,Rvino usvams tkbilebi”,
Zalsa samRTosa daetkbo maTi sasa da kbilebi,
Zvel odes eTqva iovels, ar axla danapirebi,
da Zirni aRmofxvres codvisa, brZenTa dauyvnes pirebi.”
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,,anbanT-qebani”
XXXIV.ganCineba aris gemo:
vizualuri/smeniTi+gemovnebiTi
poeti gemosTan sinTezSi ganixilavs ganCinebis cnebas. es ukanaskneli
moiazrebs audio-vizualur kategoriebs. radgan sulxan-sabas
ganmartebiT ganCineba aris ,,samarTlis daskvna” (orbeliani 1991 I; 144), is
SeiZleba iyos rogorc vizualuri saxiT warmodgenili, aseve audialuri
saxiTac:
vizualuri/smeniTi+gemovnebiTi
,,haRavses sixaruliTa cxovarni marjvnis mxareman,
havisa mqnelni Tikan hyos ganCinebaman mwareman,
hangariSi qnas codvilTa man wignman matianeman,
da hai, Tu kari damixSas maxvilman motyinareman.”
,,anbanT-qebani”
XXXV. sibnele aris Sexeba:
vizualuri+taqtiluri
1.,,jvari aRmarTes golgoTas, guli SeZrwunda mterisa,
janad gebula samoTxe adamis nebierisa,
jari ra dadges, qalwulo, almuri damxsen bnelisa,
da jojoxeTisa dalewa dastur ars, viTa mtverisa.”
,,anbanT-qebani”
zemoT mocemul magaliTSi poeti saubrobs bnelze, rogorc cecxlze,
romelsac almuri asdis, anu sibnele aris warmodgenili, rogorc
cecxli. Tu konteqsts CavuRrmavdebiT, sadac samoTxeze da jojoxeTzea
saubari, mivxvdebiT, rom poeti sityviT ,,bneli” jojoxeTs gulisxmobs
da almurSi _ jojoxeTis cecxls.
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3.4.qveTavis daskvna:
1.dakvirvebam cxadyo, rom Teimuraz I-s poeziaSi samizne sferos saxiT
ZiriTadad gvxvdeba iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebic yvela drosa da yvela
poetTan mudmivi msjelobis Tema iyo, magaliTad: wuTisoflis amaoeba,
sikvdil-sicocxle, adamiani, lxini, bedniereba da ubedureba, sikeTe,
madli da boroteba, sinanuli, siyvaruli da a.S.
2.Teimuraz I-s poeziaSi Warbad vxvdebiT sinesTezuri metaforebis
rogorc orkomponentian _ aRqmis ori sxvadasxva kategoriisgan miRebul
nimuSebs, aseve samkomponentian – aRqmis sami sxvadasxva tipis
sinTezisgan miRebul nimuSebs. Tumca magaliTebis umravlesoba
warmodgenilia orkomponentiani saxiT.
3.sawyisi sfero, umetesad, warmodgenilia gemos kategoriis
(tkbili/mware) saSualebiT da taqtiluri, kerZod ki temperaturis
aRqmiTi kategoriiT. gemos kategoriis saSualebiT ZiriTadad
gadmocemulia Semdegi samizne sferoebi: adamiani, xma, musika, metyveleba,
sityva, pasuxi, kvnesa, wyevla, Sexedva, moZRvreba, Wiri/ubedureba,
lxini/bedniereba, wuTisofeli/sicocxle, ganCineba. Teimurazis poeziaSi
aseve ikveTeba cnebebis formebiT aRqma da amgvarad warmoCena. poeti
formis saSualebiT warmoadgens Semdeg cnebebs: ambavi/informacia,
sityva, saqme/namoqmedari, bedi.
4.poeti aseve mravalferovnad warmoadgens emociebs. emociebi poetis mier
ramdenime saxiT aris warmodgenili: temperaturis, siTxis, gemos,
sinaTlis/sxivisa da feris saxiT.
5..metaforizaciis procesSi CarTulia aRqmis TiTqmis yvela tipi:
gemosmieri, SexebiTi, smeniTi, vizualuri. ar gvxvdeba olfaqtoruli
kategoria.
6.magaliTebSi warmodgenili kategoriebidan raodenobrivad gemosTan,
smenasTan da SexebasTan (temperaturasTan) dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri
metaforebi sWarbobda sxva danarCen kategoriebs.
7.warmodgenili magaliTebis absoluturi umravlesoba warmodgenilia
heterogenuri sinesTezuri metaforebissaxiT.
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3.5. III Tavis daskvna:
1.rogorc empiriuli masalis kvlevisas gamovlinda, uiliam Seqspirisa da
Teimuraz I-s Semoqmedeba ara marto uxv masalas iZleva sinesTezuri
metaforebis analizisTvis, aramed sakmaod Ddidi mravalferovnebiTac
gamoirCeva. rogorc SeqspirTan, aseve TeimurazTan gamovlinda
sinesTezuri metaforebis rogorc SedarebiT gacveTili, aseve poetis
individualuri xedvis Sedegad miRebuli metaforebis nimuSebi.
2.Tu Seqspiris Semoqmedebas SevadarebT Teimurazis Semoqmedebas,
SeiZleba xazi gavusvaT ramdenime gansxvavebasa da msgavsebas, rac
sinesTezuri metaforebis analizis dros gamovlinda:
SeqspirTan abstraqtuli cnebebis umetesoba taqtiluri da gemovnebiTi
kategoriiT aris warmodgenili, Teimurazis SemTxvevaSic asea.
Tumca SeqspirTan taqtiluri kategoria sinazis formiT aris
warmodgenili, Teimurazis poeziaSi ki ZiriTadad temperaturazea
aqcenti.
3.rac Seexeba sakvanZo, maradiul Temebs, sicocxlisa da sikvdilis
Tematikas: sinesTeziis saSualebiT sicocxlis metaforizacia ar
gvxvdeba SeqspirTan, magram gvxvdeba TeimurazTan da es gemos
saSualebiTaa warmodgenili.
4.rac Seexeba sikvdilis cnebas, orive poetTan misi dakavSireba xdeba
gemos kategoriasTan. Seqspiri mas gemos, temperaturisa da sunis
sinTeziT gadmoscems, xolo Teimurazi mas Txevad mdgomareobaSi
ganixilavs, romelsac aseve aqvs gemo. aseve, aRsaniSnavia erTi
garemoebac: orive poetTan sikvdils tkbili gemo aqvs.
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IV Tavi
sinesTezuri metaforebi XVIII-XIX saukuneebis inglisel da
qarTvel poetTa nimuSebSi
4.1. sinesTezuri metaforebi besarion gabaSvilis (1750_1791) SemoqmedebaSi
besarion gabaSvili (besiki) Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis ukanaskneli
didi warmomadgenelia. emociebis siRrmiTa da gansakuTrebiT sityvis
artistuli flobiT mas badali ar hyavs “aRorZinebis” xanis
literaturaSi. besikis poeturi ena msjelobisTvis did masalas iZleva.
misi leqsebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia kompoziciuri daxvewiloba da
metaforaTa uCveulo gradacia. besikis leqsebSi igrZnoba melodiuroba,
rac kidev ufro sasiamovno elfers matebs mis leqsebs. mis leqsebSi
TiTqos yovel nabijze igrZnoba TviT avtoris poetizirebuli biografia.
aseve misi Semoqmedebis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa dramatuli simZafre.
Tumca, movlenebisadmi aseTi simZafriT damokidebulebas marto mis
poetur enas ver mivawerT, amas ufro safuZvliani axsna aqvs: pirvel
rigSi, mis leqsebSi ikveTeba poetis ukmayofilo damokidebuleba gare
samyarosTan. igi sofels usamarTlobasa da gautanlobas sayvedurobs da
momavalsac sakmaod uimedod Sehyurebs (verulava 2010). aman Tavisi asaxva
hpova poetis SemoqmedebaSi:
“rac moirewa sofelman, veRar davTvale amriTa,
misi simware yoveli guls gardamrTxmian kamriTa”
,,ra miiwera sofelman”
aRiarebulia, rom besiki rusTvelis msgavsad ZiriTadad metaforuli
stilis poetia. dRes misi saxeliTaa cnobili iseTi gavrcelebuli
metaforuli saxeebi, rogoricaa: “sevdis baRi”, “TvalTa isxarni,
mosisxarni”, “Savni SaSvni” (Tvalebi) da sxva SesaniSnavi saxe-metaforebi.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi Cemi interesis sagans sinesTezuri metaforebi
warmoadgens. isini arcTu ise cota raodenobiT gvxvdeba mis
SemoqmedebaSi. besikis 44 leqssa da 4 poemaSi (,,aspiniZisaTvis”, ,,ruxis
brZola”, ,,samZimari”, ,,rZal-dedamTiliani”) sul gamovlinda sinesTezuri
metaforis 43 SemTxveva. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili gamoxatavs gamovlenil
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sinesTezur metaforebSi sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriebis gamoyenebis
sixSires:
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
"aRorZinebis xanis" sxva poetebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTa leqsebSic
siyvarulis grZnoba mistikur saburvelSia gaxveuli (sagani siyvarulisa
upiratesad aris RmerTi) besiki amqveyniur, adamianur grZnobebs umReris
da mis leqsebSi uSualo, grZnobad-konkretuli mimarTebani sWarbobs.
(verulava 2010) sxvadasxva emociebis gadmocemas is metaforulad
cdilobs da amisTvis mimarTavs swored iseTi grZnobebis sinTezs
rogoricaa smena, gemo, xedva, Sexeba da misi erT-erTi qvekategoria-
temperatura.
qveynis socialur-politikuri mdgomareobiT Sewuxebuli poeti xSirad
gamoTqvams sayvedurs am wuTisoflis mimarT da uwodebs mas mruds,
Tumca masSi fizikuri simrude ar igulisxmeba, aramed soflis
ukuRmarToba da usamarTloba.
I.sofeli(qveyniereba) aris forma:
perceptualuri kategoriebi raode-
noba
procen-
ti
1. audialuri-vizualuri 1 2,3%
2. abstraqtuli-vizualuri 4 9,3%
3. vizualuri-gemovnebiTi 6 14%
4. abstraqtuli-gemovnebiTi 6 14%
5. audialuri-gemovnebiTi 9 21%
6. taqtiluri+gemovnebiTi 2 4,7%
7. audialuri+taqtiluri(temperat) 2 4,7%
8. temporaluri+gemovnebiTi 2 4,7%
9. abstraqtuli-taqtiluri (temperat) 8 18,6%
perceftualuri kategoriebi raode-
noba
procen-
ti
1.audialuri-vizualuri-taqtiluri 1 2,3 %
2.abstraqtuli-taqtiluri-vizualuri 2 4,7%
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abstraqtuli+taqtiluri/vizualuri
aRniSnul magaliTSi abstraqtuli cneba ,,sofeli” realizebulia ori
aRqmis kategoriiT: taqtiluri da vizualuri kategoriiT. mocemuli
konceptualuri sinesTezuri metafora aris heterogenuri, radgan or
sxvadasxva modalobazea dafuZnebuli.
1.,,hoi sofelo pirdamyofelo!
hoi drkuo, cruo! hoi mrudo, cudo!
”hoi, Sensa pirsa vin etrfis, tirsa!
hai, hai, gican, hoi, eSmako zRudo!”
an” ze siT moxval”
poeti wuTisoflis garda bedsac ukavSirebs mrudobas, Tumca arc am
SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba mrudi Tavisi pirveladi mniSvnelobiT, is
gadataniT, metaforulad usamarTlo, ukuRmarT beds gulisxmobs.
II.bedi aris forma:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri/vizualuri
aRniSnul SemTxvevaSic vxvdebiT heterogenur konceptualur sinesTezur
metaforas.
,,svesimrudiTa siodes, siborotiTa stkiodes.”
,,mzeWabuk orbelianzed”
poeti sxvadasxva abstraqtul cnebas gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT
warmogvidgens. magaliTad, ferebis saSualebiT gadmogvcems sevdas, cud
beds da uaryofiT emociebs. es umTavresad Savi feris gamoyenebiT
xdeba:
III.bedi aris feri:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri
1.,,aw gican, gvelo, samoTxiT ganmaZeo,
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Savbedo, arsad arao!”
,,bedisadmi”
SavbedSi avtori gulisxmobs avis momaswavebel beds.
2.,,aqa, aqaca aRmzidna Senman siaxlis mxurvalebiTman alman yaribi guli
Cemi da miT mwyevarsa Cvensa aCrdilis fersa bedsa afsindisa umwaresTa
sityvaTa da[ufe]n.”
winasityva, ,,bedisadmi”
aRniSnul magaliTSi poetis mier bedi aRqmulia, rogorc aCrdilis
feris e.i. muqi feris mqone, xolo sityvebi ki mware gemos saSualebiT
aris warmodgenili. sityva ,,afsinda” igive ,,abzinda” balaxovani mcenarea,
romelic Zlieri specifikuri suniTa da mware gemoTi xasiaTdeba.
(int.wy. http://www.ice.ge/new/samkurnalo/samkurnalo_fs.html)
IV. xma aris feri:
smeniTi+vizualuri
1.,,qorTa JRerani xamliT Senaferani.”
,,samZimari”
mocemul magaliTSi qorebis xma aRqmulia rogorc garkveuli
feris_xamlis feris mqone xmad. sulxan-sabas mixedviT, ,,xamli” qoris
fexs hqvia. (orbeliani II 1993:436)
V.nugeSi aris sinaTle/sxivi:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri
1.,,nugeSis sxiviT uxvad mdidaro!
aRlese ena damamSvidaro.”
,,daviT sardlisadmi”
mocemul magaliTSi poets nugeSi, rogorc pozitiuri mniSvnelobis
cneba, warmodgenili aqvs sxivis saxiT, romlis danaxvac aris
SesaZlebeli.
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besikis poeziaSi yvelaze produqtiuli aRqmis saxeoba gemos
kategoria aRmoCnda. sakuTari naazrevisa da gancdebis gadmocemas poeti
sxvadasxva gemos sinTeziT cdilobs. es kategoria ZiriTadad oTxi
formiT gvxvdeba: tkbili, mware, mJave da cxare. yvelaze didi
mravalricxovnebiT sitkbosTan dakavSirebuli metaforebi gamovlinda_16
magaliTSi, mware gemo-13 magaliTSi, gamovlinda rogorc mJave gemosTan,
aseve sicxaresTan dakavSirebuli metaforebis TiTo-TiTo magaliTi:
VI. pirovneba aris gemo:
vizualuri+gemovnebiTi:
tkbili/mware
1.,,Senman survilman Camolis guli klde-myari,
pirvel Saqrisa gemo iyav, axla xar mwari:
samarTliani gza daagde, damixSev kari.”
,,me Senma fiqrma mimarinda”
2.,,xan tkbili Zma xar da Tu esreT geZaxos, maT cremlTa eqmnas fonao.”
,,bedisadmi”
3.,,hasraTs veyme kacsa tkbilsa, haronobiT gavemzraxe.”
,,an” ze siT moxval”
tkbil adamianSi moiazreba saTno, gulkeTili, sasiamovno adamiani,
xolo mware adamiani borotad moubar adamians gulisxmobs.
4.,,rZalua gacxarebuli garsa urbenda cemiTa.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
gacxarebuli adamiani gabrazebuls niSnavs. qarTul enaSi cxare
gemosTan mxolod sibrazis emocia asocirdeba.
VII.adamiani sxeulis nawili aris feri:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri:
1.,,Cemsa nugeSsa xeli SemarTe:
96
vards mamudare, alersi CarTe!
Sav gulsa lxini Sen mousarTe!”
,,sevdis baRs Sevel”
2.,,Sav glax gulo, visTvis iwvi mudamiT?”
,,Sav glax gulo”
3.,,Sav gulo, sad xar, Sen getyvi, vin iyvi jildo Zlevasa!”
,,aspinZisaTvis”
,,Savi guli’’ zemoT mocemul magaliTebSi dadardianebul, damwuxrebul
guls gulisxmobs.
VIII. adamianis organo aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi:
1.,,me tkbilis guliT Semogyureb, Sen memalebi _
ginda rom movhkvde Seuyreli, ar gebralebi!
,,me Senma fiqrma mimarinda”
tkbil gulSi igulisxmeba keTili guli.
2.,,Senis bagisa orni mecnes: tkbili da mware;
orkecad Seni siyvaruli Tavs damafare.”
,,me Seni mgone”
tkbili da mware bagis metaforiT poeti siyvarulis simwaresa da
sitkbos gadmoscems. ,,am fenomens is (besiki) sensualur saxes upovis:
bage. bage orpiria: erTi rkaliT sitkbosac da simwaresac mosaltavs.” _
wers am strofis Sesaxeb grigol robaqiZe. (robaqiZe 2009)
IX. niavis qrola aris gemo:
1.audialuri+gemovnebiTi
,,mzis svetis pinCTa niavni tkbil berviT palasinobdis.”
,,aspinZisaTvis”
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aRniSnul magaliTSi sityva ,,tkbili” Tavisi mniSvnelobiT sasiamovnos
ekvivalentia. sulxan-sabas ganmartebiT, ,,pinCi” cxviris xvrels, nestos
niSnavs (orbeliani I 1991; 622). Sesabamisad, zemoT mocemul strofSi
poeti mzis personificirebas axdens: is cocxal arsebad aris
warmodgenili, niavi ki metaforulad aRqmulia, rogorc mzis sunTqva.
X. kocna aris gemo:
qvemoT mocemul magaliTebSi ,,tkbili kocna” siyvaruliT, alersiT
kocnas niSnavs.
taqtiluri+gemovnebiTi
1.,,atirdes da Seibrales, maTi Svili tkbilad kocnes.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
2.,,monas molares, misTan mwolares
lalis bagiTa mkocnides tkbilad!”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
XI. xma aris gemo:
audialuri+gemovnebiTi
a) tkbili
yvela momdevno magaliTSi sityva ,,tkbili” sasiamovnod mosasmen xmaze
miuTiTebs:
1.,,gvriti yelsa ugarebs,
ar-avxmas augarebs,
SetkbobiT SeRuRunebs,
TvalSebnediT gugarebs.”
,,iadons is evarda”
2.,,dasrulda ese ambavi tkbilad sasmeni rZlebisa.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
98
3.,,etlis pirman mimzidna Tvissa tkbil xmasa.”
,,etlzed”
4.,,mived, yaribo, uTxar bulbulsa,
mas Sveniersa, tkbil-xma usulsa.”
,,memivxvdi magas Sensa bralebsa”
5.,,kvlaca vecado, safero sityva Sevmzado malua,
tkbilad veubno, yelgdebiT, daulbo gulklde-salua!”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
b) mware
simware yovelTvis cud emociasTan asocirdeba: mware oxvrac, glovac
da mware sityvac arasasiamovno mosasmenia.
1.,,sulTqmida, mwared oxrvida, vamis vaebiT mxmobeli.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
2.,,Zamuasa Sevewynare: ZaRluad mTqvis sityviT mware.”
,,an” ze siT moxval”
3.,,miakrbiT karad, sad lomi mwarad
iglovdes, gloviT SeibraleniT.”
,,daviT sardlisadmi”
poets smenis kategoria gemosTan sinTezis garda aRqmuli aqvs
temperaturaTan kavSirSic, misis azriT adamianis mier warmoTqmul
sityvas, ambavs SeiZleba hqondes mwveli Zala, rac imas niSnavs, rom,
rogorc cecxls SeuZlia dawvas da tkivili miayenos adamians, aseve
arasasiamovno sityvam SeiZleba guli mouklas mas:
XII. sityva aris temperatura:
smeniTi+taqtiluri(temperat.)
1.,,bebrisa mis yvedrebaman dacalia igi qali,
99
sulTa mwveli sityva uTxra, mouTuTqa guli sali.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani’’
2.,,mis qalis dReni dalivna man yvedrebaman sruladman,
etyvis sakvdavsa sityvasa, cecxli mougzna gulad man.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
XIII. cxovreba aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi:
1.,,rZalma gimarcxa, gza dagifarcxa,
Sen gundT Segracxa, tkbilad icxore.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
mocemul konteqstSi ,,tkbilad cxovreba’’ bednierad, uzrunvelad
cxovrebas gulisxmobs.
XIV. wera aris gemo:
vizualuri+gemovnebiTi:
1.,,saCqarod wigni miswera kacman Tavis coleursa:
,,wyromiTa gwer, ar-sitkboTi, wignsa sisxlSi moreulsa.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
gabrazebuli, gamwyrali adamianis werili, cxadia, ver iqneba ,,tkbili”
anu sasiamovnod wasakiTxi. amas rom xazi gausvas, poeti iyenebs
uaryofiT nawilaks ,,ar” da misi saSualebiT gamoxatavs Tavis saTqmels.
XV. sikvdili aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi:
a)tkbili
1.,,iwyaro-tkbilebs msmeli klvisa fialsa,
srulmyofi Rvwisa ganvlis naTlis kialsa.”
,,wmidis gio[rgis] Sesxma iabikod”
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mocemul magaliTSi poets sikvdili aRqmuli aqvs rogorc tkbili
siTxe, romlis Sesmac fialiT aris SesaZlebeli. rogorc ukve aRiniSna,
msgavs metaforas vxvdebiT Seqspirsa da TeimurazTanac (ix. gverdebi: 47,
82)
b)mware
1.,,Senma gonebam momamsgavsa mileuls mTvares:
sicocxlis nacvlad movinatri sikvdilsa mwares!”
,,tano tatano”
sainteresoa, rom besikTan sikvdilis fenomenis dakavSireba orive
gemosTan gvxvdeba: rogorc sitkbosTan aseve simwaresTanac, imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu risi gadmocema surs poets: rodesac wminda
giorgis wamebaze saubrobs poeti, iq sikvdils tkbilad moiazrebs, xolo
uimedod Seyvarebuli, sasowarkveTili mijnuri mware sikvdilze
saubrobs. sayuradReboa, rom SeqspirTanac sikvdili asocirdeba
gemosTan (ix. gv. 47).
XVI. sicocxle aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
1.,,mag Senma saxem sicocxle xom dagamwarao!”
,,mzeWabuk orbelians”
gamwarebuli sicocxle gawvalebul, ubedur yofas moiazrebs.
XVII. ubedureba/Wiri aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
cud, mZime mdgomareobaSi yofna poetis aRqmaSi mware gemosTan
asociacias badebs:
1.,,etl-mSvenierad moaruli gamsgavse mTvares,
Senis eSyiTa masa Sevstrfi, Rame vvli gares;
ucxo Seviqen cnobisagan, var Wirsa mwares.”
101
,,me Senma fiqrma mimarinda”
XVIII. dro aris gemo:
temporaluri+gemovnebiTi
poeti drois garkveul monakveTebs: dResa da Rames gemos meSveobiT
aRiqvams: misTvis gamwareba drois usiamovno gatarebas gulisxmobs:
1.,,am dRe-RamiTa da JamiTa daemwareniT!
,,cremlTa isxarni”
2.,,viTa rostom laxtis mqnevi, ketsa xmarobs egre Cqared,
dakris, dakivis, dabneddis, Seuqmodis dResa mwared.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
XIX. emocia aris gemo:
qvemoT moyvanil magaliTSi sevda gadmocemulia mware gemos saSualebiT.
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
poetisTvis sevdas mware gemo aqvs:
1.,,obol-mdarebiT, guldamdnarebiT
sevdas miaxleb samsal-mwarebsa!”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
XX. sofeli aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi
1.,,rac miiwera sofelman, veRar davTvale amriTa!
odes vityodi eniTa, sisxli SekumSlis damriTa!
misi simware yoveli guls gardamTxmian kamriTa.”
,,ra miiwera sofelman”
XXI. moqmedeba aris gemo:
vizualuri+gemovnebiTi:
1.,,Tu mand iyos TqvenSi uklad,
102
xreni xvritos mJaved kluklad;
hsjobs aragvzed misvla wunklad,
aqa-iqi Treva kunklad.”
,,mirian batoniSvils”, Sairi, III.
gemos aRqmiTi kategoriis Semdeg raodenobrivad meore adgilzea
temperaturis kategoria, romlis saSualebiTac poeti aRwers siyvarulis
grZnobas da Seyvarebul adamianebs. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, qarTuli
,,aRorZinebis xanis” lirikaSi, siyvaruli mistikasTan asocirdeba,
siyvaruls ar aqvs konkretuli saxe, satrfialo sagani metwilad aris
raRac uxilavi, xelSeuxebi arseba. besikis SemoqmedebaSi ki siyvaruli
yovelTvis grZnobad-konkretuli saxeebiTaa warmodgenili. mkiTxveli
yovelTvis grZnobs mwerlis miwier-amqveyniur gancdebs (caiSvili 1962).
aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela qvemoT moyvanil magaliTSi gvxvdeba is sityvebi,
romlebic cecxls da sicxes ukavSirdeba: ali, wva, dadagva, gagrileba
da gulis cxuneba, rac qmnis Semdeg konceptualur metaforas:
XXII. siyvaruli aris mwveli cecxli/ali:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri(temperat):
1.,,me tkbilis guliT Semogyureb, Sen memalebi_
ginda rom movhkvde Seuyreli, ar gebralebi!
ramdenis rigiT cecxliT damwvi, miT mWirs Zalebi!
Sensa mijnursa Seni mohklavs cecxlis alebi...”
,,me Senma fiqrma mimarinda”
poeti cecxlis alSi siyvaruls gulisxmobs, romelic ,,wvavs” mijnurs.
2.,,igia Cemi xelmwife
da Cemi damadnobeli.”
,,dedofals anazed”
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sityva ,,damadnobeli”, romelic maRal temperaturaze miuTiTebs, aq
gamoyenebulia siyvarulis obieqtis mimarT, romelsac xelmwife_
dedofali ana warmoadgens.
3.,,Cemgan rad unda gagikvirdes_davidagebi!
yovli mijnuri Sen dagiwvavs, miwis mlaxveli!”
,,bulbulis Sursa”
4.,,mRimaris piriT wamepare, damidgi maxe.
ase megona, SemrCeboda eg Seni saxe:
anTebuls cecxlsa Sesawvelad xeli Segaxe.
damwvari mainc Semibrale, besiki naxe!”
,,bulbulis Sursa”
5.,,me Seni mgone, Wirs Semkone, damwvi, mal alo.”
,,me Seni mgone”
6.,,siyvaruls hgoneb guldanamalad,
magram nTebulad gamokrTis alad.”
,,miwurvilobda zamTrisa Jami”
7.,,Senis eSxiT aqvs miss guls cxuneba”
,,miwurvilobda zamTrisa Jami”
8.,,viwvi marad mijnurT eSxSi ridebiT!”
,,Sav glax gulo”
yvela zemoT mocemul magaliTSi muqad aRniSnuli sityvebi calsaxad
miuTiTebs imaze, rom siyvaruli poetis gagebiT aris is emocia, romelic
Tavisi gamovlinebebiT Zalian hgavs cecxlis stiqias.
XXIII. tirili aris Sexeba:
audialuri+vizualuri+taqtiluri:
1.,,qali stirs nazad, xmas awyobs sazad.”
,,rZal-dedamTiliani”
104
tirili SeiZleba mivaweroT erTdroulad or aRqmiT kategorias:
smeniTs, radgan mas aqvs xma da vizualurs, radgan mas vxedavT
cremlebis saxiT. taqtiluri kategoria ki warmodgenilia sityva ,,nazis’’
meSveobiT. konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT ,,nazi tirili” Cum, moridebul
tirils SeiZleba niSnavdes. aRniSnuli magaliTi sainteresoa imiT, rom
xdeba sami aRqmis kategoriis sinTezi: audialuris, vizualuris da
taqtiluris.
4.2. qveTavis daskvna:
rogorc davinaxeT, besikis ena uaRresad saintereso gamodga
metaforebis, kerZod ki sinesTezuri metaforebis TvalsazrisiT. daskvnis
saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:
1.empiriuli masalis kvlevisa da analizis safuZvelze gamovlinda
rogorc gacveTili, uzualuri metaforebis magaliTebi, aseve poetis
individualuri xedvis nimuSebi, magaliTad. frinvelebis xmis vizualuri
aRqma: ,,qorTa KJRerani xamliT Senaferani.” niavis qrolvis tkbili gemos
kategoriiT aRqma: ,,mzis svetis pinCTa niavni tkbil berviT
palasinobdis.”
2.Segxvda rogorc orkomponentiani, aseve samkomponentiani sinesTezuri
metaforis nimuSebi, romelTagan sWarbobda orkomponentiani, anu or
modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi.
3.aRqmis kategoriebidan yvela danarCen kategorias sWarbobda gemovnebiTi
kategoria (25 SemTxveva), raodenobrivad meore adgilzea taqtiluri
kerZod ki temperaturis kategoria (10 SemTxveva). poets gemos saSualebiT
warmodgenili hyavs Semdegi cnebebi: pirovneba, adamianis organo, niavis
qrola, kocna, xma, cxovreba, wera, sikvdili, sicocxle, ubedureba/Wiri,
dro, emocia, sofeli, moqmedeba. temperaturis saSualebiT ki aRqmuli
aqvs Semdegi cnebebi: sityva, siyvaruli.
4.Teimuraz pirvelisa da Seqspirisagan gansxvavebiT, besarion gabaSvilis
poeziaSi TvalSisacemia erTi garemoeba: abstraqtuli cneba _ sikvdili
warmodgenilia Tanadroulad rogorc tkbili, aseve mware gemos
saSualebiT.
105
4.3. sinesTezuri metaforebi uiliam uordsvorTis (1770-1850) SemoqmedebaSi
sinesTezia, rogorc gansakuTrebulad emociuri aRqmis gamovlineba,
logikurad davakavSire romantizmTan, radgan romantizmi _ es aris
literaturuli mimdinareoba, romlis yuradRebis centrSi eqceva swored
adamianis gancdebi da fiqrebi, intuicia, instinqtebi, radgan grZnobebi
da emociebi ufro gulwrfelad asaxavs adamianis reaqcias konkretul
movlenaze, vidre maTi racionaluri kontroli. sagulisxmoa, rogor
ganmartavs karg poezias uiliam uordsvorTi: "the spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings" _ ,,poezia-es aris emociebis spontanuri amoxeTqva”. (int.
wy.,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wordsworth)
uiliam uordsvorTis 20 leqsSi 30 sinesTezuri metaforis magaliTi
gamovlinda.
qvemoT mocemuli sqema asaxavs sinesTezuri metaforebis sxvadasxva
saxeobis gamoyenebis sixSires uordsvorTis leqsebSi:
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
ganxiluli magaliTebidan modalobebis yvelaze xSir kombinaciebs qmnian
Semdegi wyvilebi: abstraqtuli+taqtiluri, gemovnebiTi+audialuri da
vizualuri+taqtiluri.
I.abstraqtuli+taqtiluri
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
taqtiluri-abstraqtuli 6 20%
taqtiluri-vizualuri 4 13,3%
taqtiluri-audialuri 1 3,3%
gemovnebiTi-audialuri 5 16,7%
gemovnebiTi-abstraqtuli 3 10%
gemovnebiTi-vizualuri 1 3,3%
vizualuri-abstraqtuli 3 10%
sivrcobrivi-abstraqtuli 1 3,3%
gemovnebiTi-temporaluri 1 3,3%
taqtiluri-temporaluri 1 3,3%
106
qvemoT moyvanil magaliTSi abstraqtuli cneba fiqri poets
warmodgenili aqvs Semdegi taqtiluri kategoriis saSualebiT _ ,,nazi”:
1.“We leave you here in solitude to dwell
With these our latest gifts of tender thought.”
“A Farewell”
II.audialuri+gemovnebiTi
mocemul magaliTSi tirili gadmocemulia mware gemos saSualebiT:
2.”Dust are our hopes;- I,weeping bitterly.”
“Laodamia”
III.vizualuri+taqtiluri
aRniSnul striqonSi vizualur formas _ peizaJs poeti gadmogvcems
Semdegi taqtiluri kategoriis saSualebiT _ ,,nazi”, rac, rogorc
konteqstidan irkveva, lamazs unda niSnavdes.
3. “Bard of the Fleece, whose skilful genius made
That work a living landscape fair and bright;
Than those soft scenes through which thy childhood strayed.”
“To The Poet John Dyer”
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
qvemoT moyvanili magaliTi 3 modalobis sinTezis nimuSia:
1.“Now, for that consecrated fount
Of murmuring, sparkling, living love,
What have I?”
“A Complaint”
perceftualuri kategoriebi raode-
noba
proce
nti
taqtiluri-vizualuri-abstraqtuli 2 6,7%
audialuri-gemovnebiTi-vizualuri 1 3,3%
vizualuri-abstraqtuli-woniTi 1 3,3%
107
aRniSnul magaliTSi poets audialuri kategoria _ CurCuli
warmodgenili aqvs Sadrevnis saxiT, romelic erTdroulad ramdenime
aRqmiT kategorias gulisxmobs: taqtilurs rogorc siTxes da
vizualurs, poeti vizualur kategorias kidev ufro ganavrcobs da
umatebs mas sityvas ,,sparkling” – rac kaSkaSs gulisxmobs.
tkbili gemos saSualebiT poets gadmocemuli aqvs Semdegi cnebebi:
I. siamovneba aris gemo:
poetisTvis Rimili aris tkbili:
1.And nothing to my mind a sweeter pleasure brought.”
“Guilt and Sorrow”
II. Rimili aris gemo:
aRniSnul magaliTSi Rimili warmodgenilia tkbili gemos saSualebiT.
1.And often, viewing their sweet smiles, I sighed.”
“Guilt and Sorrow”
III. xma aris gemo:
qvemoT mocemul magaliTSi Citebis sasiamovno galoba poetis aRqmaSi
tkbili gemos asociacias iwvevs:
1.,,The birds are singing in the distant woods;
Over his own sweet voice the Stock-dove broods.”
“Resolution and Independence”
mware gemos poeti ukavSirebs Semdeg cnebebs:
IV. tirili aris gemo:
momdevno magaliTSi tirili, rogorc adamianis sapasuxo reaqcia
umTavresad negatiur movlenaze, aRqmulia mware gemos saSualebiT:
1.”Dust are our hopes;--I, weeping bitterly.”
“Laodamia”
V. simarTle aris gemo:
poetisTvis simarTles aqvs mware gemo (Sdr. qarTul Sesityvebas ,,mware
simarTle”):
1.”But from these bitter truths I must return
To my own history.”
“Laodamia”
VI. zizRi aris gemo:
108
zizRi, rogorc uaryofiTi emocia, mware gemos iwvevs poetSi:
1.”To me a kingdom! spare the bitter scorn.”
“Laodamia”
2.,,The rough Aetolians smiled with bitter scorn.”
“Upon The Same Event”
VII. tkivili aris gemo:
poetSi meuRlis dakargviT gamowveuli tkivili mware gemos SegrZnebas
aRZravs:
1.,,Yet bitter, oft-times bitter, was the pang
When of thy loss I thought, belovèd Wife!”
“Laodamia”
temperaturasTan sinTezSi poeti warmogvidgens Semdeg cnebebs:
VIII. ugulvebelyofa/uyuradReboba aris temperatura:
poetis mieryuradRebis nakleboba, rogorc gulgrilobis erT-erTi
gamovlineba, civ temperaturad aRiqmeba.
1.,,For worthless brows, while in the pensive shade
of cold neglect she leaves thy head ungraced.”
“To The Poet John Dyer”
IX. brZola aris temperatura:
2. ,,For them whom precept and the pedantry
of cold mechanic battle do enslave.”
“In The Pass Of Killicranky”
poeti zemoT mocemul magaliTSi saubrobs brZolaze, romelsac civi
aRwers temperaturis saSualebiT.
4.4. qveTavis daskvna:
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:
1. uiliam uordsvorTis poeziaSi gvxvdeba rogorc orkomponentiani(or
modalobaze dafuZnebuli, aseve samkomponentiani(sam modalobaze
dafuZnebuli) sinesTezuri metaforebi.
2. metaforaTa absoluturi umravlesoba warmodgenilia heterogenuri
saxiT.
109
3. gvxvdeba rogorc sitkbosTan, aseve simwaresTan dakavSirebuli
sinesTezuri metaforebi. tkbili gemos saSualebiT poeti gadmoscems
Semdeg cnebebs: siamovneba, Rimili, xma. xolo mware gemo gvxvdeba Semdeg
cnebebTan: tirili, simarTle, tkivili, zizRi, brZola, uyuradReboba.
4.taqtiluri kategoria warmodgenilia temperaturis saxiT. temperaturis
saSualebiT poeti gadmoscems mxolod or cnebas: brZolasa da
uyuradRebobas.
5. ganxiluli magaliTebidan gamoyenebis sixSiriT sWarbobs modalobebis
Semdegi kombinaciebi: abstraqtuli+taqtiluri, gemovnebiTi+audialuri
da vizualuri+taqtiluri.
4.5. sinesTezuri metaforebi jon kitsis (1795_1821) SemoqmedebaSi
jon kitsi lord baironTan da persi biSi SelisTan erTad
romantikosTa meore Taobas miekuTvneba. xanmokle cxovrebis miuxedavad
misi literaturuli moRvaweoba sakmaod nayofieri gamodga, kitsma
moaxerxa Zalian didi gavlena moexdina inglisur literaturaze.
winamdebare naSromSi kitsis SemoqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel
sinesTezur metaforebs ganvixilav konceptualuri metaforis Teoriis
mixedviT.
SemTxveviTobis principiT SerCeuli jon kitsis 50 leqsidan
sinesTezuri metaforis 90 magaliTi gamovlinda. moyvanili sqema asaxavs
jon kitsis poeziaSi gamovlenili sxvadasxva saxeobis sinesTezuri
metaforebis gamoyenebis sixSires:
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceptualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
gemovnebiTi-taqtiluri 1 1,1%
gemovnebiTi-smeniTi 11 12,2%
gemovnebiTi-vizualuri 11 12,2%
gemovnebiTi-abstraqtuli 10 11,1%
gemovnebiTi-droismieri 1 1,1%
vizualuri-abstraqtuli 3 3,3%
110
taqtiluri-vizualuri 4 4,4%
taqtiluri-smeniTi 6 6,7%
droismieri-vizualuri 1 1,1%
vizualuri-vizualuri 1 1,1%
vizualuri-sivrcobrivi 1 1,1%
vizualuri-smeniTi 2 2,2%
smeniTi-abstraqtuli 1 1,1%
woniTi-smeniTi 2 2,2%
taqtiluri-abstraqtuli 3 3,3%
sivrcobrivi-abstraqtuli 4 4,4%
rogorc zemoT mocemuli sqemidan vxedavT, yvelaze xSir kategorialur
wyvilebs qmnian Semdegi modalobebi: gemovnebiTi+vizualuri da
gemovnebiTi+smeniTi:
1.gemovnebiTi+vizualuri:
“Pale were the sweet lips I saw.”
“On A Dream”
poets mocemul magaliTSi vizualuri kategoria-tuCebi warmodgenili
aqvs gemosTan sinTezSi.
2.gemovnebiTi+smeniTi:
“The sweet majestic tone of Maro's lyre.”
“Ode To Apollo”
poeti mocemul magaliTSi qnaris melodias tkbili gemos saSualebiT
gadmoscems.
sainteresoa or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sxva magaliTebic. ufro meti
TvalsaCineobisTvis ganvixiloT ramdenime konceptualuri sinesTezuri
metaforis magaliTi kitsis poeziidan:ED
I. sityva aris gemo:
poetisTvis sasiamovno Sinaarsis sityvas tkbili gemo aqvs:
”And whisper one sweet word that I may know.“
“Endymion”: Book IV
II. musika aris gemo:
sasiamovno melodia poetisTvis tkbil gemosTan asocirdeba:
“An echo of sweet music doth create”
111
“Epistle To John Hamilton Reynolds”
“An echo of sweet music doth create a fear.”
“Epistle To John Hamilton Reynolds”
III. simRera aris gemo:
sasiamovno simRerasac tkbili gemo aqvs poetisTvis:
“Paddles a little tune, and sings,
With dumb endeavour sweetly.”
“A Prophecy: To George Keats In America”
mocemul magaliTSi gaerTianebulia gemosa da smenis kategoriebi.
IV. sicocxle aris gemo:
poeti sicocxles tkbil gemosTan akavSirebs:
1.“At sweet life leaving,
At a touch sweet Pleasure melteth”
“Faery Songs”
2.”Believe, believe, me, dear Endymion,
Were I to weave, with my own fancies,
garlands of sweet life.”
“Endymion”, Book IV.
qvemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi gemos kategoria Serwymulia iseT
abstraqtul kategoriasTan, rogoricaa siamovneba.
V. siamovneba aris gemo:
1.“At sweet life leaving,
At a touch sweet Pleasure melteth”
“Faery Songs”
2.“Trembling or stedfastness to this same voice,
And of three sweetest pleasurings the choice.”
“Endymion”, Book IV.
VI.Sveba aris gemo:
“I should have felt a sweet relief.”
“Fill For Me ABrimmingBowl”
gemos kategoria-tkbili warmodgenilia iseT abstraqtul kategoriasTan
sinTezSi, rogoricaa Sveba.
VII. tkivili aris gemo:
112
“Oh, the sweetness of the pain!”
“Fragment. Welcome Joy, And Welcome Sorrow”
mocemul magaliTSi fizikuri tkivili gemovnebiTi aRqmis kategoriiT
aris warmodgenili.
VIII. mentaluri procesi aris gemo:
1.“But with a sweet forgetting.”
“In Drear-Nighted December”
mentaluri procesi-daviwyeba-aRqmulia gemos kategoriiT.
2.“The thought thereof is awful, sweet, and holy.”
“Endymion”: Book III
poetis xedviT fiqrs SeiZleba hqondes tkbili gemo.
IX. pirovneba aris gemo:
1.“And thy mother sweet is nigh thee!”
“A Prophecy: To George Keats In America”
2.“I meet not such sweet creatures every day.”
“Ben Nevis: A Dialogue”
X. dasasruli aris gemo:
“And as it reaches each delicious ending.”
“On Leaving Some Friends At An Early Hour”
XI. sevda aris gemo:
“His soul shall taste the sadnessof her might.”
“Ode On Melancholy”
poets sevda warmodgenili aqvs gemos saSualebiT, Tumca gemos ar
akonkretebs.
XII. Cxubi/kamaTi aris gemo:
“Believe, believe me, dear Endymion,
Were I to weave with my own fancies garlands of sweet life,
Thou shouldst be one of all. Ah, bitter strife!”
“Endymion”, Book IV.
XIII. yureba aris gemo:
“Thank the great gods, and look not bitterly;
And speak not one pale word, and sigh no more.”
“Endymion”, Book IV.
113
XIV. temperatura aris gemo:
poetis aRqmiT sicives mware gemo aqvs.
“To one so friendless the clear freshet yields
A bitter coolness, the ripe grape is sour:
Yet I would have, great gods! but one short hour
Of native air-let me but die at home.”
“Endymion” Book, IV.
XV. sinaze aris siTxe:
“The melting softness of that face”
“Fill For Me ABrimmingBowl”
sinaze aRqmulia rogorc siTxe:taqtiluri-vizualuri
XVI. bedniereba aris feri:
poetisTvis bednierebas mwvane feri aqvs. es aixsneba konteqstis
saSualebiT: poeti saubrobs xis totebze da axsenebs maT sixaruls,
bednierebas mwvanes uwodebs. sityvebSi _ ,,mwvane bedniereba” maTi
foTlebi igulisxmeba:
“In drear nighted December,
Too happy, happy tree,
Thy branches ne'er remember
Their green felicity.”
“In Drear-Nighted December”
XVII. sityva aris feri:
“Thank the great gods, and look notbitterly;
And speak not one pale word, and sigh no more.”
“Endymion”, Book IV.
XVIII. mentaluri procesi aris Sexeba:
poetis azriT, fiqrebi aris nazi:
“I have felt So faint a kindness, such a meek surrender
To what my own full thoughts had made too tender,
That but for tears my life had fled away!”
“Endymion”, Book IV.
XIX. metyveleba aris Sexeba:
114
“Go, pretty page! and in her ear
Whisper that the hour is near!
Softly tell her not to fear
Such calm favonian burial!”
“Faery Songs”
XX. silamaze aris temperatura:
“Through sapphire warm their stars do never beam:
All is cold Beauty; pain is never done.”
“On Visiting The Tomb Of Burns”
XXI. siCume aris temperatura:
poetisTvis siCume aris yinuliviT civi da gamyinavi:
“This living hand, now warm and capable
Of earnest grasping, would, if it were cold
And in the icy silence of the tomb.”
“This Living Hand”
XXII. SiSi aris temperatura:
poetis mier SiSis grZnoba aRqmulia civi temperaturis saSualebiT:
1.”A cold leaden awe.”
“Endymion”, Book III.
XXIII. Rimili aris temperatura:
poeti uemocia Rimils civs uwodebs:
1.“You say you love, but with a smile cold
Cold as sunrise in September.”
“You Say You Love”
qvemoT mocemuli sqema asaxavs kitsis poeziaSi gamovlenil sam
modalobaze dafuZnebul sinesTezur metaforaTa gamoyenebis sixSires:
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceptualuri kategoriebi raode-
noba
pro-
centi
gemovnebiTi-vizualuri-taqtiluri 8 8,9%
gemovnebiTi-abstraqtuli-vizualuri 3 3,3%
taqtiluri-vizualuri-smeniTi 1 1,1%
vizualuri-taqtiluri-temperatura 4 4,4%
115
vizualuri-sivrcobrivi-vizualuri 1 1,1%
sivrcobrivi-abstraqtuli-vizualuri 2 2,2%
smeniTi-abstraqtuli-gemovnebiTi 1 1,1%
gemovnebiTi-taqtiluri-abstraqtuli 1 1,1%
gemovnebiTi-vizualuri-smeniTi 1 1,1%
gemovnebiTi-abstraqtuli-abstraqtuli 1 1,1%
vizualuri-abstraqtuli-vizualuri 1 1,1%
temperatura-taqtiluri-abstraqtuli 3 3,3%
rogorc sqemidan vxedavT, samkomponentian sinesTezur metaforebSi
yvelaze xSir konbinaciad gvxvdeba gemos, xedvisa da Sexebis
kategoriebi. ganvixiloT erT-erTi aseTi nimuSi:
“The morn was clouded, but no shower fell,
Tho' in her lids hung the sweet tears of May.”
,,Ode On Indolence”
aRniSnul magaliTSi vxvdebiT sam aRqmiT kategorias: gemos, vizualursa
da taqtilurs. poetis azriT, cremli SeiZleba iyos tkbili. sityva
,,cremli’’ (“tear”) SeiZleba aRviqvaT rogorc vizualurad, aseve SexebiT.
kitsis poeziaSi vxvdebiT oTx aRqmiT kategoriaze dafuZnebul sinesTezur metaforasac:
oTx modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
kitsis erT-erT leqsSi, saxelwodebiT “Lines” gamovlinda sinesTezuri
metaforis sakmaod iSviaTi forma, romelic erTdroulad oTxi
modalobis Serwymis Sedegad aris miRebuli, ganvixiloT es magaliTi:
“In ripest quiet, shadows of sweet sounds:
Into my fancy's ear
Melting a burden dear,
How "Love doth know no fulness, nor no bounds."
“Lines”
perceptualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
vizualuri-taqtiluri-gemovnebiTi-
audialuri 1 1,1%
116
poets smeniTi kategoria _ siCume (‘’quiet”) warmodgenili aqvs rogorc
mwife (“ripest”), rac taqtilur kategoriasTan erTad vizualursac
gulisxmobs, xolo tkbili bgerebi (“sweet sounds”), romlebic miRebulia
gemosa da smeniTi kategoriebis sinTeziT, aseve dakavSirebulia
vizualur kategoriasTan Crdilis (“shadows”) saSualebiT.
Tu gadavxedavT zemoT mocemul cxrils, SevniSnavT, rom yvelaze
maRalprocentul wyvilebSi erT-erTi kategoria aris an gemovnebiTi an
taqtiluri, rac amtkicebs, rom kitsis PpoeziaSi es ori kategoria
sWarbobs sxva aRqmiT kategoriebs.
4.6. qveTavis daskvna:
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:
1.empiriuli masalis kvlevis safuZvelze gamovlinda rogorc
orkomponentiani, aseve sam da oTxkomponentiani sinesTezuri metaforebi.
2. metaforaTa absoluturi umravlesoba warmodgenilia heterogenuri
saxiT.
3. yvelaze xSir kategorialur wyvilebs qmnian Semdegi modalobebi:
gemovnebiTi+vizualuri da gemovnebiTi+audialuri.
4. rogorc magaliTebidan gamovlinda, gemos kategoria erT-erTi yvelaze
produqtiuli aRqmis kategoriaa kitsTan. gemos saSualebiT poeti axdens
Semdegi cnebebis konceptualizacias: sityva, musika, simRera, sicocxle,
siamovneba, Sveba, tkivili, mentaluri procesi: daviwyeba, fiqri;
pirovneba, adamianis organo, dasasruli, sevda.
5. kvlevis safuZvelze dadginda, rom kitsis poeziidan gamovlenili
sinesTezuri metaforebis Seqmnis procesSi monawileobas iRebs yvela
aRqmis kategoria olfaqtoruli kategoriis garda.
4.7. sinesTezuri metaforebi elisabed brauningis (1806_1861)
SemoqmedebaSi
saintereso iqneba sinesTezuri metaforebi rogorc mamakac
romantikosTa SemoqmedebaSi, aseve qal romantikosTa poeziaSi.
117
elisabed brauningi sakmaod warmatebuli ingliseli romantikosi
poetia. misi leqsebi ramdenime iseTi cnobili mwerlis inspiraciis
wyaroc gaxda, rogoricaa edgar elen po da emili dikinsoni. misi
Semoqmedebis umetesi nawili religiur xasiaTs atarebs. sainteresoa misi
Semoqmedeba sinesTezuri metaforis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT.
filip boli gvTavazobs saintereso Tvalsazriss mamakac da qal
mweralTa Soris msgavseba-gansxvavebebis Sesaxeb: rogorc viciT,
mamakaci mwerlebis SemoqmedebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia ufro meti
moqmedebebi, ideebi da analizi, qali mwerlebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia
procesis aRwera, aRqma da qveteqstebi. mamakacebi ufro mets saubroben
sagnebze, qalebi ki urTierTobebze. (Ball 2003)
romantikosi qalis Semoqmedeba SeiZleba iyos saintereso ori mizezis
gamo:
1.romantikosi kaci mwerlebis amaRlebuli SegrZnebebi eyrdnoba ufro
gare gamocdilebas, romantikos qalTa SegrZnebebi ki gamowveulia ufro
Rrma introspeqciiT.
2.miCneulia, rom qali ufro midrekilia emociurobisken, ukeTesad
gamoxatavs mis gancdebs da xSir SemTxvevaSi ufro alogikuria vidre
mamakaci, SeiZleba swored es iyos erT-erTi axsna im movlenisa, rom
sinesTeziis SemTxvevebi gacilebiT xSiria qalebSi vidre mamakacebSi.
sainteresoa qali mwerlebis aseTi xedva ramdenad igrZnoba maT poeziaSi,
maTi es emociuri ganwyoba rogor aris gadmotanili metaforebSi da
sinesTezuri metaforis magaliTebze dakvirvebiT, vnaxoT gansxvavdeba
Tu ara maTi xelwera mamakac mweralTa xelwerisagan.
izrael abramovi, niu-iorkis universitetis mkvlevari, ambobs, rom
qalisa da mamakacis mier danaxuli da aRqmuli samyaro gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisagan: rogorc kvlevebma aCvena, kacebi swrafad amCneven moZrav
sagnebs da patara detalebs, qalebi ki mgrZnobiareni arian ferTa
cvlilebebis mimarT. am movlenis mizezis erT-erT SesaZlo variantad
abramovi asaxelebs imas, rom kacs uZvelesi droidan moyolebuli
dakisrebuli hqonda monadiris funqcia, man ganicada evoluciuri
adaptacia da gamoumuSavda unari, advilad SeamCnios Sors moZravi
obieqti, qals ki ferebis ukeT garCevis unari sakvebad vargisi
118
mcenareebis gamosacnobad sWirdeboda. aseve damtkicebulia, rom kacebTan
SedarebiT qalebs ufro ganviTarebuli aqvT smena da ynosva. abramovma
Tavis kolegebTan erTad kvlevis Sedegad daamtkica, rom qalebs
SeuZliaT sunebis ukeTesad kategorizacia vidre mamakacebs. (Live Science
Staff 2012) olivier kolignonma, monrealis universitetis
neirofsiqologiis kvlevisa da Semecnebis centrTan erTad
Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad daadgina, rom qalebs mamakacebTan
SedarebiT ukeT SeuZliaT audialuri, vizualuri da audio-vizualuri
emociebis aRqma da damuSaveba. rogorc aRmoCnda, qalebs emociebidan
yvelaze metad SiSisa da zizRis amocnoba SeuZliaT, rac, rogorc
kolignoni aRniSnavs, adamianis evoluciis istoriiT aixsneba, radgan
SiSi da zizRi ufro TavdacviTi emociebia.
Tumca, Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad es molodinebi da winaswari
ganwyoba ar dadasturda, rogorc aRmoCnda, qali romantikosis
SegrZnebebi da maTi poeturi gamoxatvis xerxebi ase mkveTrad ar
gansxvavdeba Cven mier ganxiluli sxva danarCeni mamakac poetTa
mxatvruli enisagan, Tumca iseve rogorc yvela poetTan, elisabed
brauningis poeziaSic gamovlinda movlenebisa da zogierTi abstraqtuli
cnebebis misTvis damaxasiaTebeli individuluri xedva.
SemTxveviTobis principiT SerCeul iqna 15 leqsi, yvela maTganSi
aRmoCnda sinesTezuri metaforis sul mcire ori magaliTi (sul 36
magaliTi), rac namdvilad miuTiTebs imaze, rom poetisTvis sinesTezuri
aRqma ar aris ucxo movlena. qvemoT moyvanili cxrili warmoadgens
gamovlenil sinesTezur magaliTebSi aRqmis sxvadasxva kategoriis
gamoyenebis sixSires:
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raode-
noba procenti
1. abstraqtuli+sivrcobrivi 2 5,6%
2. abstraqtuli+taqtiluri 2 5,5%
3. abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi 1 2,8%
4. vizualuri+taqtiluri (tempe-
rat) 5 13,9%
119
5. audialuri+taqtiluri 1 2,8%
6. vizualuri+gemovnebiTi 4 11,1%
7. abstraqtuli+taqtiluri(tem-
perat) 1 2,8%
8.abstraqtuli-vizualuri 2 5,6%
9.temporaluri-taqtiluri 1 2,8%
10.audialuri+taqtiluri 4 11%
11.audialuri+gemovnebiTi 3 8,3%
12.audialuri+sivrcobrivi 1 2,8%
13.audialuri+taqtiluri(tempe-
rat) 3 8,3%
14.vizualuri-vizualuri 1 2,8%
15.olfaqtoruli-gemovnebiTi 1 2,8%
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodeno-
ba procenti
1. abstraqtuli+taqtiluri+vi-zualuri
2 5,6%
2. audialuri+taqtiluri+vi-zualuri
1 2,8%
3.audialuri+vizualuri+gemov-nebiTi
1 2,8%
ganvixiloT magaliTebi konceptualuri metaforis Teoriis mixedviT.
pirvel jgufSi gavaerTiane emociebi, romlebsac poeti gadmoscems
sxvadasxva aRqmiT kategoriebTan sinTeziT:
I.emocia
1.siyvaruli aris orientacia sivrceSi: siRrme, sigane, simaRle:
abstraqtuli+sivrcobrivi:
1.“How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height.”
“How Do I Love Thee?”, Sonnet 43
mocemul magaliTSi poeti siyvaruls warmoadgens iseT sagnad,
romelsac aqvs sami ganzomileba: siRrme, sigane da simaRle.
2.siyvaruli aris Sexeba:
120
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri:
“It was thine oath that first did fail,
It was thy love proved false and frail.”
“Change Upon Change”
poeti siyvarulis abstraqtul kategorias taqtiluri kategoriiT xsnis.
misi azriT, siyvarulis grZnoba aris mtvrevadi, myife.
3. zizRi aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi:
“O angels, let your flood
Ofbitter scorn dash on me!”
“An Apprehension”
zizRis grZnobas poeti gemos kategorias, kerZod ki simwares adarebs.
4.Rimili aris temperatura:
vizualuri+taqtiluri(temperat):
“Yes, and the heart doth owe thee
More love, dead rose! than to such roses bold
As Julia wears at dances, smiling cold!”
“A Dead Rose”
civi Rimili usiamovno emociasTan asocirdeba. civad gaRimeba
aragulwrfel gaRimebas niSnavs.
5. sicili aris sinaze:
audialuri+taqtiluri:
“She has laughed as softly as if she sighed.”
“A Woman's Shortcomings”
poeti sicilis emocias ukavSirebs taqtiluri kategoriis erT-erT tips:
sinazes.
6. Rimili aris gemo:
vizualuri+gemovnebiTi:
“Go, lady! lean to the night-guitar,
And drop a smile to the bringer;
Then smile as sweetly, when he is far,
At the voice of an in-door singer.”
“A Woman's Shortcomings”
121
avtoris aRqmaSi Rimili aris tkbili.
7. simSvide aris siTxe:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri+vizualuri:
“So the Spirits group and close
Round about a holy childhood,
as if drinking its repose.”
“A Child Asleep”
8. tirili aris gemo:
audialuri+vizualuri+gemovnebiTi:
“But the young, young children, O my brothers,
They are weeping bitterly!”
“TheCry Of The Children”
avtors smeniTi kategoria mocemuli aqvs gemosTan sinTezSi. poetisTvis
bavSvebis tirils mware gemo aqvs.
9. emocia aris temperatura:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri(temperat):
“Ye shall watch while kings conspire
Round the people'ssmouldering fire,
And, warm for your part,
Shall never dare -O shame!”
“A Curse For A Nation”
mocemul konteqstSi xalxis ukmayofileba poets aRwerili aqvs rogorc
cecxli, romlis ara marto temperatura igrZnoba, aramed danaxvac
SeiZleba.
II abstraqtuli cnebebi:
1.axalgazrdoba aris sinaTle:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri:
“Shapes of brightness overlean thee,
Flash their diadems of youth
“On the ringlets which half screen thee.”
“The Dead Rose”
poets cneba ,,axalgazrdoba” warmodgenili aqvs vizualuri kategoriiT,
kerZod, rogorc sinaTle, diadema.
122
2. axalgazrdoba aris sinaze:
temporaluri+taqtiluri:
“Let them touch each other's hands, in a fresh wreathing
Of their tender human youth!”
“The Cry Of The Children”
3.Rirseba aris siTxe:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri+vizualuri:
From his slumber, virtue winful
Floweth outward with increase
Dare not bless him! but be blessed
by his peace and go in peace.
“A Child Asleep”
Rirsebis cneba taqtiluri kategoriis saSualebiT aris warmodgenili.
4. dideba aris sinaTle:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri:
poetis aRqmaSi didebas aqvs naTeli, kaSkaSa feri:
“They have never seen the sunshine, nor the glory
Which is brighter than the sun.”
“The Cry Of The Children”
5. adamianoba არის siRrme:
abstraqtuli+sivrcobrivi:
“A curse from the depths of womanhood
Is very salt, and bitter, and good.”
“A Curse For A Nation”
poeti qalobis cnebas miawers erT-erT sivrcobriv ganzomilebas _
siRrmes.
III smena
1.siCume aris nivTi:
audialuri+taqtiluri+vizualuri:
“Softly, softly! make no noises!
Now he lieth dead and dumb
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Now he hears the angels' voices
Folding silence in the room.”
“A Child Asleep”
sxvadasxva poetebTan aqamde Sexvedrili asociaciebidan siCumis cneba
yvelaze gansxvavebuli formiT warmogvidgeba elisabedTan. poetis
gagebiT siCume aris is, risi dakecvac aris SesaZlebeli.
2. siCume aris nazi:
audialuri+taqtiluri:
“Love me with thine open youth
In its frank surrender;
With the vowing of thy mouth,
With its silence tender.“
“A Man’s Requirements”
poets smeniTi kategoria dakavSirebuli aqvs taqtilur kategoriasTan.
misi azriT, siCume aris nazi.
3. siCume aris gemo:
audialuri+gemovnebiTi:
“God may pluck them with the silence sweet to gather,
And hold both within His right hand which is strong.”
“The Cry Of The Children”
poetma smeniTi kategoria daakavSira gemos kategoriasTan, kerZod ki
sitkbosTan.
“She trembles her fan in a sweetness dumb,
As her thoughts were beyond recalling.”
“A Woman’s Shortcomings”
4. siCume aris siRrme:
audialuri+sivrcobrivi:
“Our blood splashes upward, O our tyrants,
And your purple shows yo}r path;
But the child's sob curseth deeper in the silence
Than the strong man in his wrath!”
“The Cry Of The Children”
poets smeniTi kategoria _ siCume warmodgenili aqvs rogorc sivrculi
ganzomilebis _ siRrmis mqone.
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IV smena
1.xma aris Sexeba:
audialuri+taqtiluri:
“I should fear
Some plait between the brows,
some rougher chime
In the free voice.”
“An Apprehension”
poets xma aRqmuli aqvs taqtiluri kategoriis saSualebiT.
2. xma aris nazi:
audialuri+taqtiluri:
“Two words, indeed, of praying we remember,
And at midnight's hour of harm,
'Our Father,' looking upward in the chamber,
We say softly for a charm.”
“The Cry Of The Children”
avtors smeniTi aRqma dakavSirebuli aqvs taqtilur kategoriasTan _
sinazesTan.
3. xma aris temperatura:
audialuri+taqtiluri(temperat):
“To utter thethoughtinto flame
Which burns at your heart.
This is the curse. Write.”
“A Curse For A Nation”
zemoT mocemul magaliTSi poets smeniTi kategoria warmoTqma
dakavSirebuli aqvs taqtiluri kategoriasTan _ temperaturasTan alis
meSveobiT. poeti fiqrs warmoTqvams cecxlis alSi, romelic mis gulSi
anTia.
4. sityva aris temperatura:
audialuri+taqtiluri(temperat):
“When wise men give you their praise,
They shall praise in the heat of the phrase,
As if carried too far.”
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“A Curse For A Nation”
poetis azriT adami
anis mier warmoTqmul frazas SeiZleba hqondes temperatura.
5. xma aris gemo:
audialuri+gemovnebiTi:
“Speak low to me, my Saviour, low and sweet
From out the hallelujahs, sweet and low.”
“Comfort”
poets smeniTi kategoria _ saubari gadmocemuli aqvs gemos
kategoriasTan _ sitkbosTan sinTezSi.
6. musika aris gemo:
audialuri+gemovnebiTi:
'This is the way,' laughed the great god Pan
(Laughed while he sat by the river),
'The only way, since gods began
To make sweet music, they could succeed.”
“ The Musical Instrument”
poets musika warmodgenili aqvs gemos kategoriasTan _ sitkbosTan
sinTezSi.
7. laparaki aris nazi:
audialuri+taqtiluri:
“Do not say
'I love her for her smile—her look—her way
Of speaking gently.”
Sonnet #14
avtors smeniTi kategoria _ laparaki dakavSirebuli aqvs taqtilur
kategoriasTan _ sinazesTan.
8. wyevla aris gemo:
audialuri+gemovnebiTi:
“A curse from the depths of womanhood
Is very salt, and bitter, and good.”
“A Curse For A Nation”
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poets smeniTi kategoria _ wyevla mocemuli aqvs gemos kategoriasTan _
simwaresTan da simlaSesTan sinTezSi.
9. sunTqva aris temperatura:
audialuri+taqtiluri(temperat):
“Of its own glory---like the Princess weird
Who, combating the Genius, scorched and seared,
Uttered with burning breath, 'Ho! victory!”
“A Sea-Side Walk”
poetis azriT, adamianis sunTqva, romelic smeniT kategorias
miekuTvneba, SeiZleba iyos mwveli, es ukanaskneli ki taqtilur
kaategorias _ temperaturas miekuTvneba.
V pirovneba
1.pirovneba aris gemo:
vizualuri+gemovnebiTi:
“Love me Sweet, with all thou art,
Feeling, thinking, seeing.”
“A Man’s Requirements”
“Ah, Sweet, be free to love and go!”
“Change Upon Change”
zemoT moyvanil orive magaliTSi poeti sityvebs ,,tkbili” mimarTvis
formad iyenebs.
“Sweet neighbours, whisper low instead,
"This sinner was a loving one.”
“A Year’s Spinning”
poetis azriT mezobels SeiZleba hqondes tkbili gemo.
“Our Father!' If He heard us, He would surely
(For they call Him good and mild)”
“The Cry Of The Children”
avtori ufalTan mimarTebiT iyenebs sityvas “mild” (,,rbili”), rac
taqtilur kategorias miekuTvneba. Tumca am konteqstSi is mSvid,
mowyale pirovnebas niSnavs.
VI adamianis organo
1.adamianis organo aris nazi:
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abstraqtuli+taqtiluri:
“If all the gentlest-hearted friends I know
Concentred in one heart their gentleness,
That still grew gentler till its pulse was less
For life than pity,-I should yet be slow.”
“An Apprehension”
poeti megobrebis dasaxasiaTeblad iyenebs sityvas “gentle-hearted”, rac
qarTulad naz, saTuT adamians niSnavs.
2. adamianis organo aris temperatura:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri(temperat):
“To utterthethoughtinto flame
Which burns at your heart.
This is the curse. Write.”
“A Curse For A Nation”
“For I, a woman, have only known
How the heart melts and the tears run down.”
“A Curse For A Nation”
Tu pirvel magaliTSi poets guli cecxlTan aqvs dakavSirebuli, meore
SemTxvevaSi guli warmodgenili aqvs, rogorc yinulis masa, romelic
TandaTan dneba da cremlebad iRvreba.
VII moZraoba
1.moZraoba aris temperatura:
vizualuri+taqtiluri(temperat):
“Let them feel that this cold metallic motion
Is not all the life God fashions or reveals.”
“The Cry Of The Children”
leqsSi “The Cry Of The Children” poeti cxovrebas, dros adarebs manqanas,
romelic Cqara midis. gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT metaliviT civi moZraoba
SeiZleba iyos drois civi anu usiamovno svla.
2. “Pray then alone, 'O Christ, come tenderly!
By thy forsaken Sonship in the red
Drear wine-press, - by the wilderness out-spread.”
“A Thought For A Lonely Death-Bed”
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avtori qristes mosvlas taqtilur kategorias ukavSirebs da masSi
mowyalebiT mosvlas gulisxmobs.
VIII sinaTle
1.sinaTle aris forma:
vizualuri+vizualuri:
“Shapes of brightnessoverlean thee,
Flash their diadems of youth
On the ringlets which half screen thee.”
“A Child Asleep”
poetis azriT sinaTles SeiZleba hqondes forma.
IX suni
1.suni aris gemo:
olfaqtoruli+gemovnebiTi:
“The heart doth recognise thee,
Alone, alone! The heart doth smell thee sweet.”
“A Dead Rose”
poets olfaqtoruli kategoria _ vardis surneli tkbili gemos
kategoriiT aqvs gadmocemuli.
4.8. qveTavis daskvna:
empiriul masalaze dakvirvebam aCvena, rom elisabed brauningis poezia
sinesTezuri metaforebis ara marto mravalricxovnebiT, aramed
mravalferovnebiTac gamoirCeva. sakvlev masalaze dakvirvebis Sedegad
SeiZleba davaskvnaT Semdegi:
1.ganxiluli konceptualuri sinesTezuri metaforebi warmodgenilia
rogorc gacveTili (farTod gavrcelebuli) formiT, mag: civad gaRimeba
(smiling cold), tkbilad gaRimeba (smile sweetly), nazad sicili (laugh softly), nazad
Tqma (say softly, speaking gently), tkbilad saubari (speak sweet), tkbili musika
(sweet music), gulCvili (gentle-hearted), gayinuli gulis molboba (heart melts),
nazad mosvla (come tenderly), mwared qviTini (weeping bitterly), aseve Segvxvda
poetis sinesTezuri aRqmis individualuri SemTxvevebic, mag: poetis mier
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siyvarulis cnebis gansxvavebuli metaforuli interpretacia Tavisi
yovlismomcveli sivrcobrivi masStabebiT ar emTxveva arcerT sxva Cem
mier ganxiluli poetebis xedvas.
2.aRmoCenili sinesTezuri metaforebis modalobebSi yvelaze mcire
raodenobiT (mxolod erTi SemTxveva) gamovlinda olfaqtoruli
kategoria.
3.gvxvdeba rogorc orkomponentiani, aseve sami modalobis sinTeziT
miRebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi.
4.magaliTebis umravlesoba warmodgenilia heterogenuri saxiT.
gamovlinda homogenuri sinesTeziis mxolod erTi SemTxveva.
5.sxvadasxva mosazrebebis miuxedavad, romlebic qalisa da mamakacis mier
samyaros gansxvavebuli xedvis unars exeboda, Cem mier Catarebuli
kvlevis Sedegad stilistur doneze ar gamoikveTa sinesTezuri
metaforebis iseTi gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebi, romlebic mxolod poeti
qalebis aRqmis unars SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT.
4.9. sinesTezuri metaforebi grigol orbelianis (1804-1883) SemoqmedebaSi
romantizmis ganxilvas qarTveli poetebidan grigol orbelianis
poeziiT daviwyeb. XIX saukunis qarTul poeziaSi gr. orbelianma axali
sityva Tqva romantikuli msoflmxedvelobis, am mimdinareobis ZiriTadi
motivebis, Temebisa da stilis damkvidrebis TvalsazrisiT. mis lirikul
leqsebSi sabolood Camoyalibda romantizmi, rogorc mxatvruli meTodi.
poetis 30 leqsidan sul gamovlinda sinesTezuri metaforis 38 magaliTi,
romelTagan Yyvelaze xSir kategorialur wyvils Seadgens Semdegi
modalobebi: gemovnebiTi+audialuri.
1.,,da Rrmad vhmalav gulSi simwaris oxrvas.”
“sadRegrZelo anu, omis Semdgom Rame lxini, erevnis siaxloves”
mocemul magaliTSi poeti audialur kategorias _ oxvras warmoadgens
mware gemosTan sinTezSi.
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
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sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
momdevno magaliTSi erTdroulad sami aRqmiTi kategoriis sinTeziT
aris metafora miRebuli: poeti sikvdilis abstraqtul kategorias
warmoadgens rogorc taqtilur kategorias _ siTxes, romlis daleva da,
maSasadame, vizualurad aRqmac aris SesaZlebeli.
2.„da maSin gina sixaruliT Sevsvam TviT sikvdils.“
,,muxambazi“
grigol orbelianis poeziaSi sinesTezuri metaforebis didi nawili
dakavSirebulia gemos kategoriasTan. ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi:
cud mdgomareobaSi yofna aris gemo:
1. ,,ra sasurvel ars sicocxle, vaiT am sofels mosuli,
da samaremdis kvnesiTve uRelsqveS damwarebuli!“
,,misi saxeli kicxviTa...“
2.,, gazafxulis Jams sasurvels
yovli iSvebs, yovli hxarobs!
mxolod Cems guls damwarebuls
xma bulbulis aRar atkbobs.“
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
taqtiluri-abstraqtuli 8 21%
taqtiluri-taqtiluri 1 2,5%
taqtiluri-vizualuri 3 8%
taqtiluri-audialuri 1 2,5%
gemovnebiTi-audialuri 12 31,6%
gemovnebiTi-droismieri 1 2,5%
gemovnebiTi-vizualuri 4 11%
gemovnebiTi-olfaqtoruli 2 5%
vizualuri-droismieri 1 2,5%
vizualuri-vizualuri 1 2,5%
sivrcobrivi-abstraqtuli 1 2,5%
sivrcobrivi-abstraqtuli-gemovnebiTi 1 2,5%
taqtiluri-vizualuri-abstraqtuli 1 2,5%
taqtiluri-gemovnebiTi-vizualuri 1 2,5%
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,,gazafxuli“
3.,,da midis dRe, midis Rame am yofiT!
nu miyureb ase gamwarebulsa.“
,,muSa boqulaZe”
4. vin vadido, vin davswyevlo? — ar vici!
magram CemTvis dRe simwariT Ramdeba...”
,,muSa boqulaZe”
5. moviden... da ra?
sul Cagvamwara...
vai Cvens imeds... vai Tqvens mosvlas!”
,,pasuxi SvilTa”
6.,, gulisa Wmunvis gamqarvels, sicocxlis damatkbobelsa!...
viviwyeb, rac vsvi simware eklians gzaze soflisa!..“
“sadRegrZelo anu, omis Semdgom Rame lxini, erevnis siaxloves”
mentaluri operacia-fiqri aris gemo:
1.,, wver-ulvaSi udrod gaTeTrebuli,
niSania gulSi RrmaTa tkivilTa,
didTa SromaT, RrmaT fiqrebTa mwareTa.“
,,muSa boqulaZe”
cxovreba aris gemo:
1. hsCans ar ici, rom arian Raribnic,
aris sadme simwariTa cxovreba!..”
,,muSa boqulaZe”
xma aris gemo:
1. ,,da guliT oxvra simwaris aRmouteve unebli...
mSvidobiT! vinca damatkbe sicocxlis netarebiTa.”
,,saRamo gamosalmebisa”
2. ,,siSoris nislma mihfara TvalTagan etli mimsrboli,
da guliT oxrva simwaris aRmouteve unebli...“
,,saRamo gamosalmebisa“
sevda aris gemo:
1.‘”Cemda nugeSad, Cemda Svebad sasixarulod,
lxenad glax gulis udrooda mwar damWknarisa.“
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,,Cems das efemias”
2. ,,TumcaRa gulSi uzomosa hfaravs simwares.“
,,Cems das efemias”
sainteresoa aseve is faqti, rom poetTan sikvdils ornairad aRqma
xdeba:
1) Txevad mdgomareobaSi:
sikvdili aris siTxe:
1.,,da maSin gina sixaruliT Sevsvam TviT sikvdils”.
,,muzambazi”(nu masmev Rvinos)”
2)gemos saSualebiT:
sikvdili aris gemo:
2. ,,davberdi, beds ver moveswar, daemxo Cemi samSoblo,
guls miklavs uimedoba, saflavs Cavdivar simwariT.“
,,davberdi“
grigol orbelianis poeziaSi aseve sainteresoa bedTan
damokidebuleba. mas poeti ori saxiT warmogvidgens: poetisTvis beds
mware gemo da Savi feri aqvs.
bedi aris gemo:
1. “me ganSorebuls,
sve gamwarebuls
maSin gonebiT Tu damiviwye.
“so... or...”
2.“bedman adre mware fialiT masva”.
“savaTnavas mibaZva”
3. ”aha, sjulisa wigniTa vaxtang sve-damwarebuli.”
“sadRegrZelo anu, omis Semdgom Rame lxini, erevnis siaxloves”
bedi aris feri:
1.,,erTxel mec meWira siamis vardi,
Savman bedman uceb damkra, davvardi.”
,,savaTnavas mibaZva”
grigol orbelianis poeziaSi aseve gvxvdeba magaliTebi, sadac dro da
fiqrebic Savad arian Seferilni:
1.Senis didebis sxiv-moklebuli, aRara hSvenis,
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aRar gvibrwyinvis Sav droTa ZaliT, fer waxdenili.”
,,Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis eklesiaSi”
poeti Tamars mimarTavs da Sav droT moixseniebs im dros, rodesac
Temur-lengi da Sah-abasi Semoesia saqarTvelos. maT Semosvlas
qarTvelebma ,,Savi dro uwodes”.
1.,,Savni fiqrni ganstvenen, _mtanjni gulis.”
,,muxambazi(suliT erTno)”
grigol orbelianTan gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia erTi garemoeba:
gemos kategoriis Semcveli sinesTezuri metaforebis magaliTebidan
sWarbobs simwaresTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi. zogadad,
simware cud emociasTan aris dakavSirebuli, rac ase SeiZleba aixsnas:
mware gemos Semcveli saWmlis gasinjvis dros adamiani usiamovno
gamometyvelebas iRebs, xSirad iWyaneba kidec. amitom sulac araa
gasakviri, Tu am kategoriis Semcveli metaforebi mkiTxvelSi usiamovno,
negatiur ganwyobas iwvevs. Tu riT aris ganpirobebuli misi siWarbe
qarTvel poetebTan, amisi axsnac SeiZleba, Tu Cveni qveynis istorias
gadavxedavT: mudmivi ubedurebebisa da gaWirvebis momswre poetebi,
romlebsac guli SestkiodaT Cveni qveynis mdgomareobasa da bedze,
uneblied leqsebSic im simwares gamoxatavdnen, rasac grZnobdnen. maT
leqsebSi kargad igrZnoba es patriotuli suliskveTeba da Cans
,,gamwarebuli“ poetis gancdebi.
sainteresoa poetis damokidebuleba siyvarulis grZnobis mimarT. is am
emocias temperaturis meSevobiT aRwers:
1. ,,ros siturfe, sixaruli
yovelTaTvis aRmoCndebis;
ros umetes trfobis ali
gulsa Sina aRegznebis!“
,,dimit[ri] on[ikaSvil]is dardebi“
2. ,,es ra cecxlSi Cavardnilvar, sada var?
guli mewvis, sasikvdilod mzada var?’’
,,dimit[ri] on[ikaSvil]is dardebi“
3. ,,ra ginda Cemgan, ar damexsnebi?
viwvi, medeba eSxis alebi!“
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,,kintos simRera“
4. ,,vai, am cecxlSi rogor gavebi!“
,,kintos simRera“
5. ,,esden xani misTvisa dadaguli?”
,,muxambazi“
6. ,,da sad aRgvenTo pirvelad guls cecxli siyvarulisa"
,,sadRegrZelo anu, omis Semdgom Rame lxini, erevnis siaxloves“
7.,,vai vinca eSxis cecxliT Cemebr gulsa mkvdrada hxedven...“
,,sadRegrZelo anu, omis Semdgom Rame lxini, erevnis siaxloves“
8.,,siyvarulisa aliTa vis CvenSi guli ewodes.“
,,sadRegrZelo anu, omis Semdgom Rame lxini, erevnis siaxloves“
9. ,,magondebis ra mis Rawvzeda xali,
siyvarulis guls megzneba ax, ali!“
,,savaTnavas mibaZva“
10. ,,da miT guls cecxli trfobisa umetes aRmegzneboda.“
,,Rame“
11. ,,frinvidnen Jamni da Cven ki maT frena ara gvsmenies:
esred goneba maradis trfobis als aRuxocies.“
,,Rame“
12. ,,visa Sevhbralde, rom egeb miT guli ganhgrildes?“
,,Cems das efemias“
13. ,,da axlad lampars aRminTebda guls siyvaruli,
romlisa sxivni TviT ekalTa Sehqmiden vardad.“
,,Cems das efemias“
CamoTvlil magaliTebis umravles nawilSi, siyvaruli uSualod
cecxlTan aris dakavSirebuli, maTSi sityva cecxlia naxsenebi, magram
aseve siyvarulis gamomxatvel metaforebSi gamoyenebulia is terminebic,
romlebic Tu pirdapir ara, arapirdapir mainc mianiSneben mis mwvel
Zalaze, aseTebia: trfobis ali, dadaguli, gulis gagrileba, da
siyvarulis lampari.poeti siyvaruls calsaxad cecxlTan aigivebs.
siyvarulis emociis dakavSireba cecxlTan da wvasTan sulac ar aris
SemTxveviTi, am mizezebis axsna isev adamianis fiziologiuri bunebiTaa
SesaZlebeli: medicinaSi dadasturebuli faqtia, rom Seyvarebuli
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adamianis gancdebi xSirad iwvevs gulis SekumSvebis sixSiris zrdas, rac
Tvis mxriv, sxeulis temperaturis cvlilebas iwvevs.
4.10. qveTavis daskvna:
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:
1. grigol orbelianis poeziaSi vxvdebiT rogorc orkomponentian, aseve
samkomponentian sinesTezuri metaforebs, romelTagan sWarbobs
orkomponentiani anu or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri
metaforebi.
2. magaliTebis umravlesoba warmodgenilia heterogenuri saxiT.
3. grigol orbelianis poeziaSi poetis bedTan damokidebuleba
warmodgenilia ori saxiT: poetisTvis beds aqvs mware gemo da Savi feri.
4. poetis mier sikvdilis aRqma ornairad xdeba:
1.Txevad mdgomareobaSi:
sikvdili aris siTxe;
2. gemos saSualebiT:
sikvdili aris gemo.
5.gemos kategoriis Semcveli sinesTezuri metaforebis magaliTebidan
Warbobs simwaresTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi, romelic
patriotul suliskveTebasa da samSoblos bediT damwuxrebuli adamianis
gancdebs gulisxmobs.
6. rac Seexeba poetis mier siyvarulis cnebis aRqmas, is gadmocemulia
Semdegi sinesTezuri konceptualuri metaforiT: siyvaruli aris cecxli.
poeti siyvaruls calsaxad cecxlTan aigivebs.
7. gamoyenebis sixSiriT gamoirCeva Semdegi kategorialuri wyvilebi:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri da gemovnebiTi+audialuri.
4.11.sinesTezuri metaforebi nikoloz baraTaSvilis (1817_1845)
SemoqmedebaSi
baraTaSvilis Semoqmedeba qarTuli romantizmis mwvervalia. misi
poetika da stili sruliad Seesabameba romantikul poetur azrovnebas.
misi Semoqmedeba gansmWvalulia im sulieri tkiviliT, romlis mizezic
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am epoqis erovnul-istoriul sinamdvileSi unda veZeboT. nikoloz
baraTaSvilis 35 leqsidan, romelTagan erTi poemis saxiT aris
warmodgenili (,,bedi qarTlisa”), sul gamovlinda 36 sinesTezuri
metaforis nimuSi. magaliTebis analizis Sedegad dadginda, rom yvelaze
mravalricxovani modalobebis tipebs miekuTvneba abstraqtuli cnebebis
vizualuri aRqma: abstraqtuli+vizualuri
1.„gaswi, merano, Sens Wenebas ar aqvs samZRvari,
da niavs miec fiqri Cemi Savad mRelvari.“
,,mirbis, mimafrens“
mocemul magaliTSi abstraqtuli cneba fiqri, romelic adamianis
mentalur aqtivobas gamoxatavs, poets vizualurad aqvs aRqmuli Savi
feris saSualebiT.
moyvanili sqema asaxavs nikoloz baraTaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi
gamovlenili sinesTezuri metaforebis sxvadasxva saxeobis gamoyenebis
sixSires:
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
Semdegi sinesTezuri metafora warmoadgens samkomponentiani sinesTezuri
metaforis nimuSs:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
taqtiluri-abstraqtuli 7 19%
taqtiluri-vizualuri 5 14%
taqtiluri-audialuri 1 3%
gemovnebiTi-audialuri 3 8%
gemovnebiTi-abstraqtuli 5 14%
gemovnebiTi-vizualuri 4 11%
vizualuri-abstraqtuli 8 22%
vizualuri-vizualuri 1 3%
vizualuri-audialuri 1 3%
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
vizualuri-taqtiluri-vizualuri 1 3%
137
1.,,kvlav ciuri cecxli garmoisare,
naberwkalni eSxisa momayare.“
,,Cems varskvlavs“
mocemul magaliTSi poets adamianis vizualuri gamoxatuleba _
silamaze, eSxi warmodgenili aqvs, rogorc taqtiluri kategoria _
cecxli, romelsac SeuZlia naperwklebis yra. naperwkali, rogorc
cecxlis gamovlineba SeiZleba vizualurad aRiqvas adamianma.
vnaxoT, rogor aRiqvams poeti siyvaruls:
1.,,SeviSrob cremlsa, WirT manelebels,
gulsa daviwvav dasanacrebels,
da missa ferflsa, viTa sakmevels,
Sevswirav satrfos, Cemsa salocvels!’’
,,SeviSrob cremlsa...“
2.,,Sens TvalebSi vsWvret samoTxesa
da maTi mWvreti viwvi cecxliTa!”
,,ros bednier var SenTan yofniTa...”
3.,,nu moaridebT siymawviles trfobisa alsa!“
,,CemT megobarT“
4.,,esreT idumal, magram Zlierad, daitanjebis marad mijnuri,
Tu mas namdvilad egznebis gulsa trfialebisa cecxli ciuri.“
,,Cinari“
yvela ganxiluli poetis msgavsad, nikoloz baraTaSvilic siyvaruls
cecxls ukavSirebs.
poets Wiri mware gemos meSveobiT aqvs gadmocemuli, xolo sicocxles
tkbil gemos adarebs.
1.,,moZulebuli sicocxle myisve kvaladca damatkbobs.
magram mswrafladve gaxSirdnen mwareni Wirni gulisa.“
,,damqrola qarman sastikman...“
iseve rogorc grigol orbelianTan, nikoloz baraTaSvilTanac gvxvdeba
bedisa da fiqrebis Sav ferTan dakavSireba:
1. ,,ar daiCnioT Savis bedis mswraflni laxvarni
da Seupovrad warixoceT cremlnica mwarni.“
138
,,CemT megobarT“
2.„da niavs miec fiqri Cemi Savad mRelvari.“
,,mirbis, mimafrens“
3. ,,da Seupovrad mas hune Tvisi Savis bedis win gamouqroldes!”
,,mirbis, mimafrens”
Savi feris bedSi, poeti samSoblos savalalo mdgomareobas gulisxmobs,
xolo Sav fiqrSi ki masTan dakavSirebul Tavis sevdian, dardian
fiqrebs.
4.12. qveTavis daskvna:
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:
1.empiriul masalaze dakvirvebis Sedegad gamovlinda rogorc
orkomponentiani, aseve samkomponentiani sinesTezuri metaforebi.
2. gamovlenili magaliTebis umravlesoba warmodgenilia heterogenuri
saxiT.
3.gamoyenebis sixSiriT gamoirCeva Semdegi wyvilebi:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri da abstraqtuli+vizualuri.
4.n. baraTaSvilTan, iseve rogorc yvela ganxilul poetTan, siyvarulis
aRqma xdeba cecxlis meSveobiT.
5.rogorc davinaxeT, nikoloz baraTaSvilis Semoqmedeba ganmsWvalulia
samSobloze fiqriTa da misgan gamowveuli sevdiT. amis erT-erTi
gamoxatulebaa is, rom Semdegi cnebebis _ bedisa da fiqris gadmocema
poetis mier Savi feris saSualebiT xdeba. es ki, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,
ar aris SemTxveviTi.
4.13. IV Tavis daskvna:
XVIII-XIX saukuneebis poetebis sinesTezuri metaforis nimuSebis
analizis Sedegad gamovlinda Semdegi tendenciebi:
1.rogorc aRorZinebis xanis poetTan besarion gabaSvilTan, aseve
romantikosebTan: grigol orbelianTan da nikoloz baraTaSvilTan ufro
aqtualuria samSoblos Tema da kargad Cans qveynis savalalo
mdgomareobiT gamowveuli poetebis gancdebi. swored am patriotul
139
motivebze Seqmnil leqsebSi gamovlinda mware gemosTan dakavSirebuli
metaforebi. sagulisxmoa isic, rom ganxiluli poetebidan samive maTgani
Sav ferTan akavSirebs samSoblos beds, fiqrebs da damwuxrebul guls.
imave mizezs SeiZleba mieweros isic, rom grigol orbelianisa da
nikoloz baraTaSvilis leqsebSi bedi da fiqri Sav ferTan aris
dakavSirebuli.
2.patriotuli Tematikis garda, grigol orbeliansa da nikoloz
baraTaSvilTan gamoikveTa kidev erTi saerTo tendencia: orive poetTan
siyvaruli cecxlTan asocirdeba.
3.rac Seexeba qal romantikoss - elisabed braunings, masTan SevxvdiT
siyvarulis cnebis saintereso interpretacias, romelic SeiZleba poetis
individualur xedvas mivaweroT.
4.rac Seexeba inglisel romantikos poetebs, maTi Semoqmedeba
mravalferovania, ar ikveTeba erTi romelime Tematika.
5.sxvadasxva mosazrebebis miuxedavad, romlebic qalisa da mamakacis mier
samyaros gansxvavebuli xedvis unars exeboda, Cem mier Catarebuli
kvlevis Sedegad elisabed brauningis poeziaSi stilistur doneze ar
gamoikveTa sinesTezuri metaforebis iseTi gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebi,
romlebic mxolod poeti qalebis aRqmis unars SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT.
6.yvela ganxilul poetTan sWrbobs heterogenuri sinesTezuri
metaforebi.
7.ganxilul poetTa SemoqmedebaSi gamovlinda rogorc uzualuri
sinesTezuri metaforebi, aseve calkeuli poetis aRqmisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli individualuri SemTxvevebic.
140
V Tavi
sinesTezuri metaforebi XX saukunis inglisel da qarTvel poetTa
nimuSebSi
5.1 sinesTezuri metaforebi galaktion tabiZis (1891-1959) SemoqmedebaSi
sainteresoa simbolisti poetis galaktion tabiZis Semoqmedeba
sinesTezuri metaforebis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT. galaktioni _ es
saxelic xom TviTon metaforas warmoadgens. rogorc mixeil kveselava
aRniSnavs ,,galaktioni iseTi poetia, romlis SegrZnebaTa yvela organo
smeniT STabeWdilebas iRebs. bgera misTvis feric aris da surnelebac.”
es sityvebi swored galaktionis sinesTezur xedvaze miuTiTebs. misi
Semoqmedeba feradovnebiT da melodiurobiT gamoirCeva. gansakuTrebiT
xazi unda gaesvas galaktionis poeturi ferweris musikalurobas.
(kveselava 1977)
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, sinesTeziis mravalgvari kategorizacia
arsebobs, magram aRqmis tipebis CarTulobis mixedviT ganasxvaveben 2
saxis sinesTezias: ori aRqmis tipis sinTezze dafuZnebulsa da orze
meti aRqmis tipisgan miRebul sinesTezias. Sesabamisad, SegrZnebebis
aseTi sinTezis Sedegad viRebT metaforebs, romlebic ori, sami an
iSviaTad oTxi aRqmis komponents Seicavs. am sami tipidan galaktionis
poeziaSi pirveli tipis sinesTeziis SemTxvevebi ufro mravlad
moiZebneba, vidre danarCeni tipebis nimuSebi. ufro meti
TvalsaCinoebisTvis moviyvan sinesTezuri metaforis magaliTebs,
romlebic sxvadasxva aRqmis tipis sinTezis Sedegad aris miRebuli.
magaliTebi dajgufebulia sawyisi sferos aRqmis tipis mixedviT.
ganvixiloT sami aRqmis tipisgan miRebuli sinesTezuri metaforis
magaliTi:
momdevno magaliTebi warmoadgens orkomponentiani sinesTezuri
metaforis nimuSebs:
I.gemo
audialuri+gemovnebiTi:
1.,,veluri cekva, TasTa wkriali,
141
mowyenil kacTaAxarxari mware
melodiuri gaZafuli xma,
xan sinanulis hangi mgznebare.”
,,getera”
aRniSnul magaliTSi samizne sfero ,,xarxari” warmodgenilia iseTi
sawyisi sferos saSualebiT, rogoricaa ,,mware”.
samizne sfero aris is sityva(xSirad abstraqtuli), risi axsnac surs
poets, amas wyaro sferos saSualebiT axerxebs.
2. ,,yovel dRes gulis tkiviliT vxvdebi
da veTxovebi mware qviTiniT”
,,sad?”
3. ,,ra gveSveleba, - momZaxda marad
gamwarebuli xma SuaRamis.”
,,erTxel Sen dahxven Cemgan karebi”
4. ,,moRalatis cxare taSi
da orpiris nugeSi,
mezizReba rogorc maSin,
rogorc siWabukeSi!”
,,moRalatis cxare taSi”
7. ,,grigali rom mwared stvenda
da Cqarobda sisxlis RvarSi.”
,,rogorc cxenosanTa jari”
8. ,,Tavs arwivebis dagvesxa gundi
mware wiviliT.”
,,arwivebis Tavdasxma haeroplanze”
9. ,,misTvis vferavdi mravaljer Cangebs,
rom mxolod mtrisTvis dametkbo smena?”
,,qalaqi wyalqveS”
10. ,,kvlav momesmis eg xma tkbili
dahkar grZnobiT dairasa,
Tu xar saqarTvelos Svili,
nu momakleb mag tkbil xmasa’’
142
,,Sexvedra”
II.Sexeba
abstraqtuli-taqtiluri:
1.,,aseTia nazi bedi,
bedi rCeul feris;
sicocxleSi TeTri gedi
mxolod erTxel mReris.”
,,mova... magram rodis?”
audialuri-taqtiluri
2.,,unazesi ismis xma sakravebis
baRebs iqiT, sadRac, gadaSorebiT.”
,,laJvard caze dRea TeTri kravebis”
3. ,,xan nazi, rogorc Tolias kvnesa,
xan mwveli rogorc satanis qnari”
,,getera”
vizualuri-taqtiluri:
3. ,,mova xolme da dajdeba civ samaris gaSlil qvaze,
dardiT aris gaJRenTili misi uRvTo silamaze.’’
,,mesaflave”
abstraqtuli_taqtiluri
4. ,,da xmaliviT basri grZnoba
aris fuZe axal xanis.”
,,mSobliuro Cemo miwav!”
III.temperatura
Sexebas, rogorc aRqmis erT-erT tips, gamoeyo qvejgufi ,,temperatura”,
romelsac miekuTvneba Semdegi metaforebi:
smeniTi_taqtiluri(temperat):
1.,,civ da miusafari mdumarebis gareSe”
,,lurja cxenebi”
2. ,,es mwuxareda mwveli zuzuni
mihyveba fiqrebs nislSi da qarSi.”
,,avdris molodini”
143
es magaliTebi amave dros aris personifikaciis nimuSebic.
IV.ynosva
olfaqtoruli_audialuri:
1.,,magram luqaxsnil relikviebis
exla daluqva mas eZneleba
da surneleba maTi iebis
esmis, viT mZafri saSineleba”
,,daluqul foliantTan”
empiriul masalaze dakvirvebis Sedegad, romelic moicavs galaktionis
453 leqsis 200 magaliTs, gamovlinda Semdegi kategorialuri wyvilebi:
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
woniTi-vizualuri 4 2%
woniTi-abstraqtuli 6 3%
woniTi-smeniTi 2 1%
gemovnebiTi-abstraqtuli 19 9,5%
gemovnebiTi-smeniTi 16 8%
gemovnebiTi-vizualuri 9 4,5%
gemovnebiTi-temporaluri 2 1%
sivrcobrivi-abstraqtuli 14 7%
sivrcobrivi-temporaluri 3 1,5%
sivrcobrivi-vizualuri 4 2%
sivrcobrivi-taqtiluri 1 0,5%
smeniTi-abstraqtuli 5 2,5%
smeniTi-vizualuri 6 3%
smeniTi-smeniTi 1 0,5%
smeniTi-temporaluri 1 0,5%
smeniTi-olfaqtoruli 1 0,5%
temporaluri-vizualuri 9 4,5%
temporaluri-abstraqtuli 2 1%
temporaluri-ynosviTi 1 0,5%
temperatura-vizualuri 3 1,5%
temperatura-abstraqtuli 4 2%
144
gamovlenil magaliTebSi sWarbobs modalobaTa Semdegi Sexamebani: ab-
straqtuli+vizualuri (13%); abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi (9,5%); gemovnebi-
Ti+audialuri (8%).
momdevno magaliTebi warmoadgens samkomponentiani sinesTezuri
metaforis nimuSebs:
1.,,Ramis wyvdiadSi me Semomesma,
surneli nazi, Tvalgapobili,
grigalma civma da uSoresma
karTan moigdo avtomobili.”
,,saaxalwlo efemera”
E aRniSnul sinesTezur metaforaSi CarTulia aRqmis sami tipi: smena _
,,Semomesma”, ynosva _ ,,surneli” da Sexeba _ ,,nazi”.
momdevno magaliTSi sami aRqmis tipis sinTezia mocemuli:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri_taqtiluri(temperat):
2.,,civi ocneba Sxefavs auzis,
Cveni droc isev rusTavels elis.”
,,Cveni dro isev rusTavels elis”
qvemoT mocemuli sqema asaxavs samkomponentiani sinesTezuri
metaforebis gamoyenebis sixSires galaktionis poeziaSi:
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
gemovnebiTi-abstraqtuli-siv-
rcobrivi 1 0,5%
smeniTi-abstraqtuli-vizua- 3 1,5%
temperatura-smeniTi 4 2%
temperatura-temporaluri 1 0,5%
taqtiluri-smeniTi 2 1%
taqtiluri-vizualuri 4 2%
taqtiluri-abstraqtuli 5 2,5%
vizualuri-vizualuri 2 1%
vizualuri-abstraqtuli 26 13%
145
luri
smeniTi-vizualuri-smeniTi 1 0,5%
taqtiluri-abstraqtuli-vi-
zualuri 5 2,5%
taqtiluri-vizualuri-smeni-
Ti 5 2,5%
taqtiluri-temperatura-ab-
straqtuli 4 2%
taqtiluri-smeniTi-
olfaqtoruli 1 0,5%
taqtiluri-vizualuri-dro-
ismieri 1 0,5%
taqtiluri-vizualuri-vizua-
luri 1 0,5%
vizualuri-smeniTi-vizualu-
ri 1 0,5%
vizualuri-vizualuri-
olfaqtoruli 1 0,5%
vizualuri-vizualuri-ab-
straqtuli 1 0,5%
vizualuri-taqtiluri-siv-
rcobrivi 1 0,5%
Semdegi sinesTezuri metafora sainteresoa imiT, rom oTxi aRqmis
kategoriaa masSi warmodgenili:
,,ara Tu wlebi gadeSva tydomad,
wamic ki gatyda da rekavs cxared...”
nu miatoveb leqss uTvistomod -
drois, epoqis da sivrcis gareT.”
,,nu miatoveb leqss uTvistomod”
poets wami ganivTebul mdgomareobaSi aqvs warmodgenili, romelic
tydeba, Sesabamisad is miekuTvneba erTdorulad or kategorias:
temporalurs da vizualurs, mas poeti audialur da gemovnebiT
Tvisebebsac miawers -,,rekavs cxared”.
146
oTx modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
taqtiluri-temperatura-vizualuri-
abstraqtuli 1 0,5%
gemovnebiTi-temporaluri-smeniTi-vi-
zualuri 1 0,5%
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa galaktion tabiZis Semoqmedeba ferebis
aRqmis TvalsazrisiT, radgan Cem mier ganxilul arc erT poetTan ar
gamovlinda ferebis aseTi siuxve. mixeil kveselavam galaktions ,,ferebis
bulbulic” ki uwoda, rogorc erT dros konstantine gamsaxurdiam-
lado gudiaSvils (kveselava 1977). empiriuli masalis Seswavlis dros
mravlad gamovlinda sinesTezuri metaforis iseTi magaliTebi, romlebic
sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriebis ferebTan Serwymis Sedegad aris
miRebuli. ganvixiloT isini konceptualuri metaforis Teoriis mixedviT:
qvemoT mocemul magaliTSi poezia aRqmulia rogorc Savi feris mqone:
I. poezia aris feri:
,,aCrdils Tanaziars marad saSineli
dasdevs ganwirulTa Savi poezia”
,,saubari edgarze”
poeti bunebis movlenebs: qars, qaris qrolas, grigals, Tovls-
sxvadasxva ferebiT aRiqvams:
II. qrola aris feri:
1.,,Tbilisis zeca mowamea im SekrTomisa,
iyo axali qrolvis ferebi”
,,Tbilisis zeca mowamea”
poetis azriT, qaris qrolas SeiZleba hqondes feri, Tumca mocemul
SemTxvevaSi ar xdeba feris dakonkreteba.
147
2.,,cxenTa Sejibrebaze Cemi lurja cxenebi
hqrodnen efemeruli da feradi qarebiT.”
,,efemera”
pirveli magaliTis msgavsad aRniSnul magaliTSic ar xdeba
konkretuli feris gamorCeva, poetis azriT qari feradia.
wina magaliTebisgan gansxvavebiT momdevno magaliTSi poeti TeTri
feriT aRiqvams qars:
3.,,dadga TeTri qarebi,
daiTovla mTa-bari.”
,,TeTri qarebi”
4.,,msoflio guguniT mihqrian zvirTebi,
msoflio morevi grigalis feria.”
,,kosmiuri orkestri”
5.,,me Zlier miyvars iisfer Tovlis
qalwulebiviT xididan fena,
mwuxare grZnoba civi sisovlis
da siyvarulis ase moTmena.”
,,Cems samSobloSi me movvle mxolod
udabno lurjad naxaverdebi.”
,,Tovli”
zemoT moyvanili magaliTi sainteresoa imdenad, ramdenadac SeiZleba
gaxdes kamaTis sagani. erTi SexedviT, iisferi Tovli mxolod simbolur
datvirTvas atarebs, radgan poeti tragikuli simZafriT aRwers mis
sulier mdgomareobas da ,,iisferi Tovli” da zamTris sicive
simbolurad dakavSirebulia im sevdasTan, romelic satrfos ganSorebiT
aris gamowveuli. lurjad naxaverdebi udabnoc lirikuli gmiris
martoobaze mianiSnebs. metafora yovelTvis asociaciebis alogikur,
uCveulo formebs gulisxmobs. amiT aris is saintereso. Sesabamisad
148
iisferi Tovli metaforaa, radgan poets Tovli uCveulo, ararsebuli
feriT hyavs warmodgenili, magram rogorc mogvianebiT Tovlis fifqis
eleqtronuli mikroskopiT Seswavlis dros aRmoCnda Tovlis
kristalebs marTlac molurjo-momwvano-moiisfro feri aqvT. Tumca
galaktions es ver ecodineboda 1916 wels, rodesac leqsia dawerili.am
mecnieruli siaxlis GgaTvaliswinebiT iisferi Tovlis metaforulobac
SeiZleba sakamaTo gaxdes, miuxedvad imisa, rom Tovlis garegnul
mxareze da ferze es siaxle gavlenas ver moaxdens.
aseve mocemuli metaforebis siRrmiseuli analizis Semdeg davinaxavT,
rom isini simboloebis garda sinesTezuri metaforis nimuSebsac
warmoadgenen. aRniSnul metaforebSi sawyisi da samizne sfero erTi da
igive perceftualuri sferoTi-vizualuri sferoTia warmodgenili da
ferebis sinTezi ar xdeba sxva romelime aRqmis kategoriasTan. amis gamo
msgavsi metaforebi homomodalur sinesTezur metaforebs miekuTvnebian.
amave dros aRniSnuli metaforebi susti sinesTeziis formad iTvleba,
radgan maTSi mxolod erTi perceftualuri sferoa warmodgenili.
sinesTeziis aseTive formas warmoadgens ,,udabno lurjad naxaverdebi”.
momdevno magaliTSi Cans, rom poetisTvis angelozebis suli cisferi
feris asociacias iwvevs:
III.suli aris feri:
,,Sen suli gqonda ise keTili,
oh! serafimis cisferi suli!”
,,avdris molodini”
149
Ramis guguni poetisTvis Savi ferisaa, es, savaraudod, Ramis
Seferilobis gamoa gamowveuli:
IV.xma aris feri:
,,CemTvis ucxoa siTeTris rkali
da naTeliviT aris aSkara,
iudas saxe, kaenis landi
da Rameebis Savi guguni”
,,rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi”
yvelaze didi siWreliT ocnebis fenomenia warmodgenili, romelsac
galaktionTan zogjer Wreli feri aqvs, zogjer lurji ialqnebiT aris
warmodgenili, xolo zogjer ki saerTod feri aqvs dakarguli:
V.ocneba aris feri:
1. ,,Rirda Tu ara sxva sicocxleze
ocneba Cumi da fermixdili?”
,,mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi”
2.,,es ocneba aris Wreli
fiqri bneli Ramisa.”
,,aRar aris menestreli”
3.,,da poeziis naTeli droSiT
ixaverdeba ocneba Wreli.”
,,saaxalwlo efemera”
4. ,,TeTri ocneba mTvlemare zRvas gadaswolia.”
,,TeTri ocneba”
5.,,Tu sizmarma viT Seisxa cidan camde FrTebi,
da gaSala ocnebaTa lurji ialqnebi.”
,,mTawmindis mTvare”
150
sainteresoa aseve sizmris ferebi galaktionTan. isic feradia zogjer,
an ocnebis msgavsad – lurji:
VI.sizmari aris feri:
1.,,me xom sxva var, dRe cismare
maxvils vferavdi;
Sen ki gqonda dReT sizmari
ferad-feradi”
,,ferad-feradi”
2.,,Tovs, aseTi dRis xarebam lurji
da daRaluli sizmriT damTova.”
,,Tovli”
galaktionisTvis adamianis mentaluri qmedeba-mogoneba xan lurji
Fferisaa, xan ki feradi.
VII. mogoneba aris feri:
1.,,Zili megoneba: uceb qaosidan
mTvarem amozida lurji mogoneba.”
,,es mSobliuri qaria”
2.,,miyvars am xmis gagoneba,
radgan verraTi
ver wavSale mogoneba
ferad-feradi.”
,,ferad-feradi”
poets cxovreba Rvinis ferTan aqvs Sedarebuli, Tumca gaurkvevelia
konkretulad romeli feri igulisxmeba:
VIII.cxovreba aris feri:
,,cxovreba Cemi uankares Rvinis feria,
igi elvarebs, sabolood daSreba vidre.”
151
,,cxovreba Cemi”
poetisTvis dRes TeTri Seferiloba aqvs:
IX.dRe aris feri:
,,TeTri dReebis isev ise mihyveba dasi,
ar momwyindeba sadRegrZelod avwio Tasi.”
,,cxovreba Cemi”
galaktionisTvis imedi feradia:
X.imedi aris feri:
,,sad odesme meocnebe afrebiT,
aTasferi imediT da zafrebiT”
,,meocnebe afrebiT”
sainteresoa aseve sityva ,,eqscesi”, romelic poets lurj ferTan
sinTezSi aqvs mocemuli:
XI.eqscesi aris feri:
,,gavacureT sadRac navi savse lurj eqscesebiT”
,,mainc davimsaxure”
poetisTvis haersac ki feri aqvs, romelsac realurad feri ara aqvs.
misTvis lurjia haeri da Tan abreSumi. es taqtilur kategoriasac
gulisxmobs. anu poets haeri ara marto vizualurad aqvs aRqmuli,
aramed TiTqos exeba kidec mas. meore magaliTSi ki haeri zRvis fers
aris Sedarebuli, anu isev lurji feria masSi nagulisxmebi.
XII.haeri aris feri:
1.,,sarkofagidan dgeba mumia.
ra siCumea, haeri lurji abreSumia”
,,sasaflaoni”
2.,,is waiyvana ocnebam misma,
sadac haeri zRvis ferisaa.”
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,,is waiyvana ocnebam misma”
poetis aRqmiT mentaluri procesi-fiqri TeTri feris aris:
XIII.fiqri aris feri:
,,ifanteba TeTri fiqrebi,
iferfleba xelnaweri.”
,,Tovli iyo iribi,almaceri”
sakmaod uCveuloa Semdegi magaliTi, romelSic poeti mTebis trials
lurj ferSi aRiqvams:
XIV.triali aris feri:
,,lurji trialiT brunavden mTebi
da iryeoda laJvardi broli.”
,,me ara erTxel mqonia frTebi”
galaktioni Crdilsac ki feradad aRiqvams:
XV.Crdili aris feri:
Semiyvarda eg xma tkbili
bedisweramdi,
sad ar damdevs misi Crdili
ferad-feradi.”
,,ferad-feradi”
dro poetisTvis an uferoa, an elvare da wiTeli:
XVI.dro aris feri:
1.,,magram wigni mainc darCa
vaJisa da asulis,
rogorc sarke, rogorc farCa
drois fergadasulis”
,,warwera wignze ,,manon lesko’’
2.,,es weli CemTvis aris kandeli
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ufro elvare, badri, wiTeli”
,,rusTaveli parizSi”
poeti SeTqmulebaze saubrobs, rogorc fermkrTal movlenaze:
XVII. SeTqmuleba aris feri:
,,SiSis zars scemda poezia ufrore metad,
vinem fermkrTali SeTqmuleba ajanyebisTvis”
,,rad uwodeben saqarTvelos mgosanTa mxares”
ubedoba poetisTvis Savi ferisaa:
XVIII.ubedoba aris feri:
,,Tu ver aCenda siTbo-simSvides
zamTari civi, zamTari avi,
Tu gadacqerda kidiTi-kides
Sav ubedobis varskvlavi Savi.”
,,sad ellinelTa mTaa – gimmeti”
poeti sikvdilis gzas vardisfer fers ukavSirebs, rac Zalian uCveulo
aRsaqmelia, radgan sikvdilis cneba, Cveulebriv, negatiur emocias
aRZravs xolme:
XIX.sikvdili aris feri:
,,Tu rogor vgrZnob,
rom sulisTvis, am zRvam rom aRzarda,
sikvdilis gza arra aris vardisfer gzis garda.”
,,mTawmindis mTvare”
gvxvdeba magaliTebi, sadac poetis mier ar aris naxsenebi konkretuli
feri, Tumca esa Tu is movlena naTel an bnel tonalobaSi aris
warmodgenili:
I.emocia aris bneli:
154
,,da poeziis, viT bediswera,
bnel mwuxarebiT icvala JRera.”
,,istoriis axali gverdi”
poeti momdevno magaliTebSi mwuxarebas da cud zraxvebs bnel
tonalobaSi aRiqvams. qarTul enaSi xSiria, rodesac bnels cud,
negatiur mniSvnelobasTan akavSireben. amis magaliTia qarTuli xalxuri
balada: ,,leqsi vefxisa da moymisa”. masSi vkiTxulobT:
,,Cems Svils gzad vefxvi Sahyria,
gajavrebuli, tiali,
Cem Svils – xmliT, imas - totiTa,
dRe daubneldaT mziani.”
mocemul konteqstSi kargad sCans, rom ,,mzis dabneleba” ubedurebas,
mwuxarebas niSnavs.
II. zraxva aris bneli:
,,Rrmaa gulis ziani, daibind(n)en zraxvebi.”
,,megobars”
dadebiTi konotaciis Semcvel cnebebs poeti naTel ferebSi aRiqvams.
magaliTad: imedi, sixaruli, genia, yrmoba.
III.frena aris naTeli:
,,fiqro naTel frenis,
Tu mona xar, mona isev-
sakuTari rwmenis.”
,,idea”
aRniSnul magaliTSi poeti frenas naTel ferad aRiqvams.
IV. imedi aris naTeli:
momdevno magaliTSi imedi aRqmulia naTel, mocimcime Suqad:
155
1.,,oRond vxedavdeT Cven win momavals -
erTi imedis Suqs mocimcimes”
,,Cemi gulia dRes es Savi zRva”
2.,,estrada naTel imedaT badebs
aSlil voltornebs da pianinos”
,,isev efemera”
mkrTali salami gaubedav misalmebas niSnavs. simkrTalec Suqisa da
feris erT-erTi Tvisebaa.
V. salami aris mkrTali:
,,megobrebSi me yvelaze adre
fiqrSi myof qals axalgazrdam mkrTali
salami da Taiguli vkadre da vigrZeni mSvenieri qali.”
,,erTxel saRamoTi”
poetis azriT, dros SeiZleba hqondes Saravandedi:
VI. dro aris naTeli:
,,es weliwadi da es saaTi
Saravandedi aris mTel droTa”
,,rusTaveli parizSi”
momdevno magaliTSi poeti saxels brwyinvalebas ukavSirebs:
VII. saxeli aris naTeli:
,,rusTavelisas kvlav vaxsenebT
saxels brwyinvales”
,,rad uwodeben saqarTvelos mgosanTa mxares”
poetisTvis genia aris naTeli:
VIII.genia aris naTeli:
,,Tu ver gaiges wminda
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genia dReTa mnaTi
arc maTi dafna minda,
arc taSiscema maTi.”
,,saubari talRebTan”
iseve rogorc imeds, sixarulsac SuqTan akavSirebs poeti:
IX. sixaruli aris Suqi:
,,caze varskvlavi unda gabrwyindes,
Suqi gabrwyindes did sixarulis”
,,sad ellinelTa mTaa-gimmeti”
poetisTvis yrmoba, rogorc adamianis yvelaze sanukvari asaki, mogizgize
SuqTan asocirdeba:
X.yrmoba aris Suqi:
,,viT ar vadido Suqi yrmobis mogizgizesi -
medgrad rom iyav, gulo Cemo,
ai, mizezi!”
,,1950”
galaktions miaCnia, rom qarTlis bedi unda iyos naTeli, romelic
gamobrwyindeba da gamoaSuqebs:
XI.bedi aris Suqi:
,,amoZravdes mTa da qedi,
gamobrwyindes qarTlis bedi”
,,mesxeT-javaxeTi”
naTel xmaSi poeti sasiamovnod mosasmen xmas gulisxmobs:
XII.xma aris naTeli:
,,vesaubrebi axlac aragvs, rogorc Tavis Tavs,
xma medgari aqvs da naTeli, qceuli wkirad,
im xmaTagani, arvis win rom qeds ara xrian,
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ufro naTelixdeba is xma aragvis pirad...”
,,xelSekruleba, dadebuli erTxel aragvTan”
rogorc empiriuli masalis analizma gviCvena, galaktionis poeziaSi
ferebis ZiriTadad orgvari dasaxeleba Warbobs: poetisTvis an Wreli da
feradia konkretuli movlena, an lurji feris.
5.2. qveTavis daskvna:
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:
1.galaktion tabiZis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba rogorc ori, aseve sami da
oTxi aRqmis kategoriiT miRebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi. maT Soris
yvelaze xSiria orkomponentiani sinesTezuri metaforebi.
2.gamovlenili magaliTebis umravlesoba heterogenuria.
3.sWarbobs modalobaTa Semdegi Sexamebani: abstraqtuli+vizualuri (13%);
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi (9,5%); gemovnebiTi+audialuri (8%).
4.galaktionis poeziaSi gamovlinda olfaqtoruli kategoriis Zalian
iSviaTi gamovlineba, radgan is warmodgenilia erTdroulad or _ smeniT
da taqtilur kategoriebTan sinTezSi (,,me Semomesma surneli nazi”)
5.galaktioniseuli sikvdilis aRqma radikalurad gansxvavdeba sxva
poetTa xedvisagan da mkveTrad gamoirCeva misi originalurobiT: poeti
sikvdilis gzas vardisfer ferSi aRiqvams da amiT TiTqos arRvevs
sikvdilis arsebul stereotips, romelic yovelTvis negatiur
ganwyobilebas gulisxmobs.
6.rogorc empiriuli masalis analizma gviCvena, galaktionis poeziaSi
ferebis ZiriTadad orgvari dasaxeleba Warbobs: poetisTvis an Wreli da
feradia konkretuli movlena, an lurji feris.
5.3. sinesTezuri metaforebi tician tabiZis (1893-1937) SemoqmedebaSi
tician tabiZe _ simbolisti poeti, ,,cisferyanwelTa” moZraobis erT-
erTi damaarsebeli. mis poetur nawarmoebebSi vxvdebiT qarTuli
simbolizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebel TiTqmis yvela Temasa da motivs.
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tician tabiZis 25 leqsSi gamovlinda sinesTezuri metaforis 15
magaliTi, romelTagan sixSiriT gamoirCeoda Semdegi kategorialuri
wyvilebi: abstraqtuli+taqtiluri da abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi.
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
I.abstraqtuli+taqtiluri:
1.“gvTuTqavs axali grZnoba damwveli,
sulisdgma axal adamianis.”
,,samSoblo”
aRniSnul magaliTSi poeti grZnobas temperaturis saSualebiT aRiqvams,
romelic wvavs adamians.
iseve rogorc grZnoba, mogonebac SeiZleba iyos poetisTvis mwveli:
2.,,ramdeni unda gavides weli,
es mogoneba ar iyos mwveli?”
,,da beladobas. telman, gavalebs”
momdevno magaliTSi vxedavT, rom poeti fiqrsac temperaturis
saSualebiT gadmoscems:
3. ,,me ra maqvs axla, ra meqneba, an ra mebada,
var uzrunveli da titveli mTa Savnabada,
da Tu mawuxebs, _ mxolod fiqri gulis damwveli.”
,,soRanluRidan”
poetSi karmeni vnebasTan da cxel temperaturasTan asocirdeba:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
taqtiluri-abstraqtuli 5 33,3%
taqtiluri-vizualuri 2 13,2%
taqtiluri-audialuri 1 6,7%
gemovnebiTi-abstraqtuli 3 20%
gemovnebiTi-vizualuri 1 6,7%
audialuri-vizualuri 1 6,7%
vizualuri-abstraqtuli 1 6,7%
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4. ,,aRar axarebs axal toledos
karmenis cxeli vnebis sicili.”
,,dao dolores, Zmebo, gaskebo”
momdevno magaliTSi mentaluri procesi-mogoneba warmodgenilia
taqtiluri kategoriis saSualebiT:
5.,,ise nazia es mogoneba,
rogorc demonis frTebis Sexeba.”
,,ananurTan”
yvela zemoT mocemul magaliTSi abstraqtuli cnebebi mocemulia
taqtilur kategoriasTan sinTezSi.
ganvixiloT yvelaze gavrcelebuli kategorialuri wyvilebis meore
jgufi:
II. abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi:
momdevno magaliTebSi abstraqtuli cnebebi warmodgenilia gemos
kategoriis saSualebiT.
poetisTvis SurisZieba mware gemos Semcvelia:
1.,,qarTveli jarebi Cavlen erevanSi
mware iqneba Cveni revanSi.”
,,frontebze”
ocnebas tkbili gemo aqvs poetisTvis:
2. ,,me vin maRirsebs rusTvelis saxels
magram ocneba mainc tkbilia.”
,,orpiri”
sicocxles tkbili gemos saSualebiT aRiqvams poeti:
3.,,maS, gamarjveba, tkbilo sicocxlev,
davrCebiT erTad Cven ganuyrelni.”
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,,maS, gamarjveba”
Zilis cneba sitkbosTan asocirdeba poetisTvis:
4.,,ufro tkbilia dilaze Zili,
Tvalis gaxela rom gezareba.”
,,gelis kolxida axal orfeoss”
ticianTan aseve vxvdebiT gemosa da xmis aRqmis kategoriebis sinTezs.
mware xma mwuxare, sevdian JReradobas gulisxmobs, xolo tkbili sityva
da xma, sasiamovnod mosasmen informacias niSnavs:
III.gemovnebiTi+audialuri:
1. ,,vici giyvarvar, ase mwared mitireb arRans,
vici, giyvarvar, rom ar ginda mokvdes Tamari.”
,,mearRneebi da poetebi”
2. ,,TviTon unda sce Sens Tavs pativi,
Torem tkbil sityvas xalxi ar dasdevs.”
,,guldagul”
ticianTan vxvdebiT sxvadasxva cnebebis sivrcobrivi aRqmis
SemTxvevebsac:
1. Senc xom cxovrebis grigali gwewavs,
orives dagvrCa uZiro sevda.”
,,isia nazarovas”
aRniSnul magaliTSi uZiro sevda uzomo, zRvargadasul
mwuxarebas niSnavs.
poetis azriT silamazes ar aqvs farglebi, anu misi sircobrivi
sazRvrebi ar arsebobs:
2. ,,da vxvdebi axla, rom silamazes,
aRar hqonia qveynad sazRvari.”
,,santimentaluri mogzauroba”
ticianis SemoqmedebaSi Segvxvda ferTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri
metaforebis xuTi SemTxveva, sadac abstraqtuli cnebebi aRqmulia
vizualurad:
161
iseve rogorc galaktionisTvis, ticianisTvisac negatiuri mniSvnelobis
mqone cnebebi Savi feri aris:
1. ,,bevrs CaeSala Savbneli zraxva,
da wavuxdineT bevrsac naxtomi.”
,,somxeTSi”
2. ,,Zvirfaso, gaxsovs Savi zRapari,
dae, erT wuTad gamoiqrolebs.”
,,samSoblo”
poets naTel ferebSi aqvs warmodgenili dadebiTi Sinaarsis Semcveli
Semdegi cnebebi: mizani, azri da imedi:
1. ,,sxva romel qveynis mgosans eqneba
mizani, azri ufro naTeli.”
,,somxeTSi”
2. ,,apokalipsis TeTri imedi,
gza Soreuli qimeria, qaldea, JRali kavkasi,
saqarTvelos beds mxolod cxeniT Tu daewevi.”
,,cxeni angelosiT”
3. ,,amxanagebo, vTqvaT is simRera,
rac xalxs imedis sxivebiT mosavs.”
,,somxeTSi”
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
ganvixiloT samkomponentiani sinesTezuri metaforis magaliTi:
1. ,,es wvima mware, es TqeSi, mexi ver SemaCerebs.“
,,es wvima mware“
mocemul magaliTSi sami perceftualuri sferoa mocemuli: wvima
rogorc taqtiluri da vizualuri kategoria da mware, rogorc
gemovnebiTi aRqmis kategoria.
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
gemovnebiTi-vizualuri-audialuri 1 6,7%
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5.4. qveTavis daskvna:
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:
1. tician tabiZis poeziaSi sixSiriT gamoirCeoda Semdegi
kategorialuri wyvilebi: abstraqtuli+taqtiluri(33,3%) da
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi(20%):
2. aseve Segvxvda sxvadasxva cnebebis rogorc vizualur, aseve gemos
kategoriasTan sinTezi.
3. Segvxvda xuTi iseTi SemTxvevac, sadac abstraqtuli cnebebi
vizualurad, kerZod ki feris saSualebiT iqna warmodgenili.
5.5. sinesTezuri metaforebi uiliam batler ieitsis (1865-1939) poeziaSi
ieitsi miCneulia XX saukunis inglisurenovani poeziis umniSvnelovanes
warmomadgenlad. mis Semoqmedebas axasiaTebs simbolizmi da aluziuri
metyveleba. misi sityvebis pirvelad mniSvnelobaTa miRma isaxeba ufro
Rrma mniSvnelobis azrebi. ieitsis poeziaSi aRmoCnda sinesTezuri
metaforis 12 SemTxveva. qvemoT movemul cxrilSi mocemulia
gaanalizebul magaliTebSi gamovlenili sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriebis
gamoyenebis sixSire:
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
1.vizualuri-taqtiluri 2 16,7%
2. temporaluri+vizualuri 1 8,3%
3. abstraqtuli+taqtiluri 2 16,7%
4. audialuri+taqtiluri 1 8,3%
5. abstraqtuli-sivrcobrivi 1 8,3%
6. audialuri+sivrcobrivi 2 16,7%
sam modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri+vizua- 3 25%
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ganvixiloT TiToeuli magaliTi konceptualuri metaforis Teoriis
mixedviT:
I.Sexedva aris Sexeba:
vizualuri+taqtiluri:
poetis azriT, adamianis gamoxedva SeiZleba iyos nazi.
”When you are old and grey and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
And slowly read, and dream of the soft look.”
Your eyes had once.”
“When You Are Old”
SuadRe poetis warmosaxvaSi mewamuli ferisaa, xolo SuaRame ki
cimcimebs.
II. dRis periodi aris feri:
temporaluri+vizualuri:
There midnight's all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,
And evening full of the linnet's wings.”
“The Lake Isle Of Innisfree”
poets sisavse warmodgenili hyavs siTxis saxiT, romelic Caedineba
gonebaSi:
III. sisavse aris siTxe:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri+vizualuri:
1.“Such fullness in that quarter overflows
And falls into the basin of the mind
That man is stricken deaf and dumb and blind.”
“A Dialogue of Self and Soul”
poets sitkbo warmodgenili hyavs siTxis saxiT, romelic Caedineba
mkerdSi:
luri
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2.“When such as I cast out remorse
So great a sweetness flows into the breast
We must laugh and we must sing.”
“A Dialogue of Self and Soul”
momdevno magaliTSi poeti ocneba warmodgenilia rogorc nivTi,
romelsac SeiZleba Seexo, mocemul SemTxvevaSi fexi daabijo nazad.
IV.ocneba aris Sexeba:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri:
“I would spread the cloths under your feet:
But I, being poor, have only my dreams;
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
Tread softly because you tread on my dreams.”
“He Wishes For The Cloths Of Heaven”
aqamde ganxilul magaliTebs Soris musikis gansxvavebul aRqmas vxvdebiT
ieitsTan. gamovlenil da Seswavlil poetur nimuSebSi musikis sxvadasxva
grZnobis kategoriebiT aRqma mravlad Segvxvda, magram poets musika
warmodgenili aqvs rogorc basri sagani, romelmac SeiZleba Wrilobac
ki miayenos adamians.
VI.musika aris Sexeba:
audialuri+taqtiluri:
“No matter what disaster occurred
She stood in desperate music wound,
Wound, wound, and she made in her triumph.”
“A Crazed Girl”
poetis aRqmiT, sibnele aris siTxe, romelic wveTavs, anu mas vizualuri
aRqma taqtiluri mgrZnobelobasTan kombinirebiT aqvs gadmocemuli.
sainteresoa aseve Zilis cnebis poetiseuli aRqma. poeti mas taqtiluri
kategoriiT warmoadgens, rogorc qvis msgavs movlenas.
VII.sibnele aris Sexeba:
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vizualuri+taqtiluri:
VIII.Zili aris Sexeba:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri:
“The darkness drops again; but now I know
That twenty centuries of stony sleep
Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle.”
“The Second Come”
gvxvdeba Zilis cnebis iseTi sinesTezuri aRqmis SemTxvevac, sadac
Zili warmodgenilia simaRlis ganzomilebiT.
IX.Zili aris simaRle:
abstraqtuli+sivrcobrivi:
“When I clamber to the heights of sleep,
Or when I grow excited with wine,
Suddenly I meet your face.”
“A Deep-Sworn Vow”
poetis azriT fics aqvs sivrculi ganzomileba, kerZod ki siRrme.
SesaZlebelia, rom poeti Rrma ficSi gulis siRrmes gulisxmobdes.
X.fici/aRTqma aris siRrme:
audialuri+sivrcobrivi:
“Others because you did not keep
That deep-sworn vow have been friends of mine.”
“A deep-Sworn Vow”
dabali xma dasturia imisa, rom adamianebi xmebs vyofT maRal da dabal
tonalobebad.
poets gulis siRrmeSi esmis tbis xma.
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“I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;
While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey,
I hear it in the deep heart's core.”
“A Dialogue Of Self And Soul”
arc siyvarulis cnebaa gamonaklisi poetisTvis, masac gansxvavebuli
interpretaciiT gvawvdis poeti. misTvis siyvaruls gaaCnia forma da es
forma mrudi, uswormasworoa.
XI.siyvaruli aris forma:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri+taqtiluri:
“O love is the crooked thing,
There is nobody wise enough
To find out all that is in it.”
“Brown Penny”
5.6. qveTavis daskvna:
miuxedavad sinesTezuri metaforebis simcirisa, uiliam batler ieitsis
leqsebi sakmaod gansxvavebuli poeturi xedviTa da cnebebis poetisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli individualuri metaforuli aRqmiT gamoirCeva. mag:
1.siyvarulis cnebas gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT gvawvdis poeti.
misTvis siyvaruls gaaCnia forma da es forma mrudi, uswormasworoa.
2.aseve gansxvavebuli saxiT aRiqvams poeti musikasac: ieits is
warmodgenili aqvs, rogorc basri sagani, romelmac SeiZleba Wrilobac
ki miayenos adamians.
3. poeti sainteresod warmoadgens Zilis cnebasac. misi xedviT, Zili
SeiZleba iyos qvasaviT magari da hqondes simaRlec.
5.7.sinesTezuri metaforebi robert frostis (1874_1963) SemoqmedebaSi
robert frosti miCneulia meoce saukunis erT-erT udides amerikel
poetad. misi Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi Temaa adamianis arsebobis sakiTxi,
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aseve individis martosuloba indiferentul samyaroSi. misi
Semoqmedebidan ganxilul iqna 20 leqsi, romelSic gamovlinda
sinesTeziis 11 SemTxveva. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili warmoadgens
gamovlenil sinesTezur metaforebSi aRqmis sxvadasxva kategoriebis
gamoyenebis sixSires:
or modalobaze dafuZnebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi:
perceftualuri kategoriebi raodenoba procenti
1. abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi 2 18,2%
2. vizualuri+olfaqtoruli 1 9,1%
3. temporaluri+vizualuri 1 9,1%
4. vizualuri+taqtiluri 1 9,1%
5. abstraqtuli+vizualuri 2 18,2%
6. vizualuri+audialuri 1 9,1%
7. audialuri+woniTi 1 9,1%
8. abstraqtuli+taqtiluri 1 9,1%
9. abstraqtuli+olfaqtoruli 1 9,1%
ganvixiloT TiToeuli magaliTi konceptualuri metaforis Teoriis
mixedviT:
I. survili aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi:
poetis azriT, survils SeiZleba hqondes gemo:
1.”Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favour fire.”
“Fire And Ice”
II. sibnele aris suni:
vizualuri+olfaqtoruli:
168
frostis ganxiluli leqsebidan yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani
aRmoCnda Semdegi magaliTi:
“In fetid darkness still to live and run --
And all for nothing it had ever done
Except forget to go in fear perhaps.”
“A Brook In The City”
aRniSnuli sinesTezuri metaforis SemTxveva sayuradReboa imis gamo,
rom masSi erTad Tavs iyris olfaqtoruli da vizualuri aRqmis
kategoriebi. poeti sibneles miawers suns, rac sinesTezuri metaforis
Zalian iSviaTi nimuSia.
III. drois dayovneba aris feri:
temporaluri+vizualuri:
IV. fizikuri qmedeba aris Sexeba:
vizualuri+taqtiluri:
sainteresoa, rom poeti foTlis xeze Seyovnebas yavisfer ferSi
aRiqvams, xolo xidan mis Camovardnas _ nazad:
“A tree beside the wall stands bare,
But a leaf that lingered brown,
Disturbed, I doubt not, by my thought,
Comes softly rattling down.”
“A Late Walk”
V.fiziologiuri mdgomareoba aris forma:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri:
poeti SimSilis grZnobas aRiqvams rogorc gamxdars.
“I see the callus on his soul
The disappearing last of him
And of his race starvation slim,
Oh years ago - ten thousand years.”
“A Cliff Dwelling”
VI.Suqi aris xma:
vizualuri+audialuri:
169
rogorc viciT, Suqs ar SeiZleba hqondes xma, Tumca poetis azriT,
sinaTle SeiZleba iyos Cumi:
“Where now he sat, concerned with he knew what,
A quiet light, and then not even that.”
“An Old Man’s Winter Night”
VII. smena aris wona:
audialuri+woniTi:
momdevno leqsSi poeti axsenebs ,,mZime sunTqvas”, rac ar aris cocxali
metafora, radgan is yoveldRiur mertyvelebaSic xSirad Segvxvedria.
“The log that shifted with a jolt
Once in the stove, disturbed him and he shifted,
And eased his heavy breathing, but still slept.”
“An Old Man’s Winter Night”
VIII. emocia aris xedva:
abstraqtuli+vizualuri:
avtori sasowarkveTilebis grZnobas TiTqos xedavs da uwodebs mas
daxeuls, dafleTils:
“The birds have less to say for themselves
In the wood-world’s torn despair.”
“A Line-Storm Song”
IX. emocia aris gemo:
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi:
poets tkivili gemos saSualebiT aqvs warmodgenili:
“And the sweet pang it cost me not to call
And tell you that I saw does still abide.”
“A Dream Pang”
X. emocia aris Sexeba:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri
XI. emocia aris suni:
170
abstraqtuli+olfaqtoruli
momdevno magaliTSi siZulvilis grZnoba mocemulia or sxvadasxva
mdgomareobaSi: siTxisa da sunis saxiT:
“Then paused again and either drank or smelt—
With loathing, for again it turned to fly.”
“A Considerable Speck”
5.8. qveTavis daskvna:
1. empiriuli masalis kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom robert frostis
SemoqmedebaSi sinesTezuri metaforebidan yvelaze didi
mravalferovnebiT emociebia aRwerili:
1. emocia aris suni
2. emocia aris Sexeba
3. emocia aris gemo
4. emocia aris xedva
2.ganxilul magaliTebSi gamovlinda olfaqtoruli kategoriis erTi
SemTxveva, sadac poets sibnele aRqmuli aqvs sunis SegrZnebiT.
3. magaliTebis umravlesoba warmodgenilia heterogenuri saxiT, rac
sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriebis sinTezs gulisxmobs..
4.empiriuli masalis analizis safuZvelze gamovlinda mxolod
orkomponentiani sinesTezuri metaforebi.
5.9. V Tavis daskvna:
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi:
a)galaktionis Semoqmedeba sakmaod didi mravalferovnebiT aris
warmodgenili: gvxvdeba rogorc ori, aseve sami da oTxi aRqmis
kategoriiT miRebuli sinesTezuri metaforebi. maT Soris yvelaze
xSirad gvxvdeba vizualuri da audialuri kategoriebi. aRqmis tipis
171
CarTulobis mixedviT yvelaze xSiria orkomponentiani sinesTezuri
metaforebi.
2.gamovlenili magaliTebis umravlesoba heterogenuria.
3.sWarbobs modalobaTa Semdegi Sexamebani: abstraqtuli+vizualuri (13%);
abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi (9,5%); gemovnebiTi+audialuri (8%).
4.galaktionis poeziaSi gamovlinda olfaqtoruli kategoriis Zalian
iSviaTi gamovlineba, radgan is warmodgenilia erTdroulad or _ smeniT
da taqtilur kategoriebTan sinTezSi (,,me Semomesma surneli nazi”)
5.galaktioniseuli sikvdilis aRqma radikalurad gansxvavdeba sxva
poetTa xedvisagan da mkveTrad gamoirCeva misi originalurobiT: poeti
sikvdilis gzas vardisfer ferSi aRiqvams da amiT TiTqos arRvevs
sikvdilis arsebul stereotips, romelic yovelTvis negatiur
ganwyobilebas gulisxmobs.
6.rogorc empiriuli masalis analizma gviCvena, galaktionis poeziaSi
ferebis ZiriTadad orgvari dasaxeleba Warbobs: poetisTvis an Wreli da
feradia konkretuli movlena, an lurji feris.
b) tician tabiZis poeziaSi gamovlinda Semdegi tendenciebi:
1. sixSiriT gamoirCeoda Semdegi kategorialuri wyvilebi:
abstraqtuli+taqtiluri da abstraqtuli+gemovnebiTi:
2. aseve Segvxvda sxvadasxva cnebebis rogorc vizualur, aseve gemos
kategoriasTan sinTezi.
3. Segvxvda xuTi iseTi SemTxvevac, sadac abstraqtuli cnebebi
vizualurad, kerZod ki feris saSualebiT iqna warmodgenili.
g)miuxedavad sinesTezuri metaforebis simcirisa, uiliam batler ieitsis
leqsebi sakmaod gansxvavebuli poeturi xedviT da cnebebis poetisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli individualuri metaforuli aRqmiT gamoirCeva. mag:
1. siyvarulis cnebas gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT gvawvdis poeti.
misTvis siyvaruls gaaCnia forma da es forma mrudi,
uswormasworoa.
2.aseve gansxvavebuli saxiT aRiqvams poeti musikac: ieits is
warmodgenili aqvs rogorc basri sagani, romelmac SeiZleba
Wrilobac ki miayenos adamians.
172
3. poeti sainteresod warmoadgens Zilis cnebasac. misi xedviT,
Zili SeiZleba iyos qvasaviT magari da hqondes simaRlec.
d)empiriuli masalis kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom robert frostis
SemoqmedebaSi sinesTezuri metaforebidan yvelaze didi
mravalferovnebiT emociebia aRwerili:
1. emocia aris suni
2. emocia aris Sexeba
3. emocia aris gemo
4. emocia aris xedva
2.ganxilul magaliTebSi gamovlinda olfaqtoruli kategoriis erTi
SemTxveva, sadac poets sibnele aRqmuli aqvs sunis SegrZnebiT.
3. magaliTebis umravlesoba warmodgenilia heterogenuri saxiT, rac
sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriebis sinTezs gulisxmobs..
4.empiriuli masalis analizis safuZvelze gamovlinda mxolod
orkomponentiani sinesTezuri metaforebi.
saerTo daskvna:
naSromSi warmodgenili daskvnebi SeiZleba CamovayaliboT ramdenime
Semajamebel punqtad:
1.rogorc inglisurSi, aseve qarTul yofiT metyvelebaSi gamovlinda
Semdegi konceptualuri sinesTezuri metaforebi:
I.HAPPINESS IS UP/SAD IS DOWN-bedniereba aris zemoT/sevda aris qvemoT;
II.KNOWLEDGE IS HEIGHT-codna simaRlea;
III.KNOWLEDGE IS LIGHT-codna sinaTlea;
IV.FEAR IS COLD-SiSi aris civi;
V.ANGER IS FIRE-sibraze aris cecxli;
VI.LOVE IS FIRE-siyvaruli aris cecxli;
VII.SWEETNESS IS PLEASANT/HAPPINESS-sitkbo aris sasiamovno/bedniereba;
173
VIII.BITTERNESS IS UNPLEASANTNESS/UNHAPPINESS-simware aris
usiamovno/ubedureba;
IX.SOURNESS IS UNPLEASANTNESS-simJave aris usiamovno;
X.COLDNESS IS A LACK OF EMOTION-sicive aris emociis nakleboba;
XI. WARMTH IS PLEASANTNESS/KINDNESS-siTbo aris siamovneba/sikeTe;
XII.HEAT IS A LACK OF EMOTIONAL CONTROL-sicxe aris emociebis
ukontroloba.
2.aRmoCnda, rom gamovlenili konceptualuri sinesTezuri metaforebi
umeteswilad efuZnebian adamianis fiziologiur/sxeulebriv SegrZnebas,
gamocdilebas da ganxiluli orpolusiani struqturis mqone
konceptualuri metaforebidan: zemoT-qvemoT, sinaTle-sibnele, tkbili-
mware/mJave, Tbili/civi/grili, dadginda, rom simaRle, sinaTle, tkbili
da Tbili dadebiT mniSvnelobasTan asocirdeba, maTi sapirispiro
mniSvnelobebi ki uaryofiT datvirTvas atareben.
3.aseve ganxilul iqna 4 ZiriTadi emocia: siyvaruli, sibraze, SiSi da
bedniereba da maTgan miRebuli konceptualuri sinesTezuri metaforebi.
aRmoCnda, rom orive enaSi siyvarulisa da sibrazis emociebis
metaforizacia temperaturis, kerZod ki cecxlis saSualebiT xdeba, SiSi
civ temperaturasTan, xolo bednierebis gancda ki ,,zemoT” moZraobasTan
aris dakavSirebuli.
4.orientaciuli metaforebis ganxilvisas gamovlinda erTi magaliTi,
romlis analogic ar moipoveba qarTul enaSi: HAPPY IS WIDE-bednieri
aris farTo.
5.magaliTebze dakvirvebam aCvena, rom konceptualuri sinesTezuri
metaforebi efuZnebian kulturul da fizikur gamocdilebas da
SemTxveviT ar warmoiqmnebian. arsebobs garkveuli abstraqtuli cnebebi,
romelTa aRqma da gadmocema met-naklebad saerTo analogiis
safuZvelze xdeba sxvadasxva enaSi.
6.rogorc davinaxeT, gamoikveTa 2 ZiriTadi mizezi, rac ganapirobebs
konceptualuri sinesTezuri metaforebis msgavseba-gansxvavebas
sxvadasxva enebSi:
a)adamianis fiziologiiT ganpirobebuli Taviseburebani;
b)kulturuli da garemo faqtorebi.
174
7.sinesTezuri metaforebi, rogorc Cvens yoveldRiur metyvelebaSi, aseve
poeziaSi ,,anasaxis“ erTsa da imave tendencias eqvemdebarebian:
abstraqtulidan _ konkretulisaken, rac miuTiTebs imaze, rom rogorc
pirobiTi, aseve axladwarmoqmnili sinesTezuri metaforebis formirebis
procesi emyareba Cvens kulturul da fizikur SegrZnebebTan
dakavSirebul gamocdilebas.
8.is metaforebi, romlebSic ar xdeba abstraqtuli cnebis ufro
konkretuliT gadmocema, SedarebiT ufro rTulad aRsaqmelia da
anomalurad, markirebulad iTvleba, radgan ,,anasaxi“ ar aris
tradiciuli_abstraqtulidan konretulisaken. sinesTezuri metaforebis
aseTi anomaliuri tipi Cven mier ganxilul arcerTi poetTan ar
aRmoCnda.
9.gamovlenili metaforebis didi umravlesoba warmodgenilia
heterogenuri saxiT, anu maTi umravlesoba sxvadasxva aRqmis kategoriaTa
sinTeziT aris miRebuli.
10.ganxiluli magaliTebis umravlesoba ori modalobis sinTezzea
dafuZnebuli, Tumca gvxvdeba samkomponentiani da iSviaTad
oTxkomponentiani sinesTezuri metaforebic.
11.inglisursa da qarTulSi gamovlinda rogorc universaluri
sinesTezuri konceptualuri metaforebi, aseve unikaluri, ama Tu im
poetisTvis damaxasiaTebeli individualuri aRqmis SemTxvevebic,
romelic nawilobriv mocemuli qveynis politikur-socialur-
kulturuli mdgomareobiT aris nakarnaxevi.
12.poetis individualuri xedva gamovlinda Seqspiris poeziis ganxilvis
drosac. moulodneloba, rac Seqspiris sinesTezur metaforebSi
gamovlinda aris is, rom garda pozitiuri abstraqtuli cnebebisa,
rogoricaa siyvaruli, Rirseba, pativiscema, silamaze, simarTle, poets
ramdenime negatiuri konotaciis mqone cnebac sitkbosTan sinTezSi aqvs
warmodgenili. mag: sircxvilis, tyuilis, pirferobisa da sikvdilis
cnebebi. es moulodneloba ki gamowveulia imiT, rom rogorc cnobilia,
tkbil gemosTan ZiriTadad mxolod karg, sasiamovno SegrZnebebs
akavSireben.
175
13.naSromSi XVI-XVII saukuneebis poezia ganxilulia Seqspirisa da
Teimuraz I-s Semoqmedebis magaliTze. interess iwvevs am ori poetis
damokidebuleba sikvdil-sicocxlis TemasTan dakavSirebiT. sinesTeziis
saSualebiT sicocxlis metaforizacia ar gvxvdeba SeqspirTan, magram
gvxvdeba TeimurazTan da es gemos saSualebiTaa warmodgenili. rac
Seexeba sikvdilis cnebas, orive poetTan misi dakavSireba xdeba gemos
kategoriasTan. Seqspiri mas gemos, temperaturisa da sunis sinTeziT
gadmoscems, xolo Teimurazi mas Txevad mdgomareobaSi ganixilavs;mas
aseve aqvs gemo. aseve, aRsaniSnavia erTi garemoebac: orive poetTan
sikvdils tkbili gemo aqvs.
14. qarTveli poetebis – grigol orbelianisa da nikoloz baraTaSvilis
poeziis ganxilvis dros TvalSisacemi gaxda erTi garemoeba: orive
poetTan SeiniSneboda bedisa da fiqrebis savi feriT gadmocema, rac
ixsneba poetebis patrioruli ganwyobiT da im pesimizmiT, romelic maT
samSoblos savalalo socialur-politikuri mdgomareobis gamo
daeuflaT.
15.gamovlinda ramdenime abstraqtuli cneba, romelic met-naklebad
msgavsi formiT iyo warmodgenili sxvadasxva poettan. erT-erTi aseTi
cneba aris siyvaruli. misi dakavSireba ZiriTadad cxel temperaturasTan
–cecxlTan xdeba. Tumca siyvarulis gansxvavebuli interpretaciaa
vxvdebiT Semdeg or poetTan: uiliam batler ieits siyvaruli
uswormasworo, mrudi fromiT, xolo elisabed braunings sam
ganzomilebaSi hyavs warmodgenili.
16.inglisursa da qarTulSi gamovlinda igive tendencia, rac evropul
enebSi: aRqmis kategoriebidan yvelaze nakleb produqtiuli
olfaqtoruli aRqmis kategoria aRmoCnda.
17.ynosvasTan dakavSirebuli magaliTebis simciris miuxedavad,
galaktionis poeziaSi SevxvdiT yvelaze saintereso magaliTs, sadac
olfaqtoruli kategoria erTdroulad or_smeniT da taqtilur
kategoriasTan sinTezSia mocemuli.
18.galaktioniseuli sikvdilis aRqma radikalurad gansxvavdeba sxva
poetTa xedvisagan da mkveTrad gamoirCeva misi originalurobiT: poeti
sikvdilis gzas vardisfer ferSi aRiqvams da amiT TiTqos arRvevs
176
sikvdilis arsebul stereotips, romelic yovelTvis negatiur
ganwyobilebas gulisxmobs.
19.ferTan dakavSirebuli sinesTezuri metaforebis yvelaze didi
raodenoba aRmoCnda galaktion tabiZis poeziaSi. rogorc empiriuli
masalis analizma gviCvena, galaktionis poeziaSi ferebis ZiriTadad
orgvari dasaxeleba Warbobs: poetisTvis an Wreli da feradia
konkretuli movlena, an lurji feris.
20.tician tabiZis poeziaSi warmodgenili ferTa tonalobebi daemTxva
galaktionis ferTa distribucias.
21.miuxedavad sinesTezuri metaforebis simcirisa, uiliam batler ieitsis
leqsebi sakmaod gansxvavebuli poeturi xedviT da cnebebis poetisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli individualuri metaforuli aRqmiT gamoirCeva. ieitsma
Semdegi cnebebi-siyvaruli, musika, Zili, - yvela poetisgan gansxvavebuli
sinesTezuri interpretaciiT warmogvidgina.
22.rogorc empiriul masalaze dakvirvebam cxadyo, sinesTezuri
metaforebi, erTi SexedviT, UaRqmis kategoriebis uCveulo kombinaciebs
efuZneba, magram xSir SemTxvevaSi maT siRrmiseul analizs mivyavarT
garkveul logikamde. umetesad es logika adamianis fiziologiiT aris
nakarnaxevi. Tumca gvxvdeba poetis individualuri aRqmis iseTi
SemTxevevbic, romelic arc kulturiTa da arc fiziologiiT ar aris
nakarnaxevi da aRqmis kategoriebis sruliad alogikuri Sexamebaa saxeze.
maTi ,,gaSifvris”, dekodirebis siZnele kidev ufro sainteresos xdis
aseT sinesTezur metaforebs da ucxo ,,aromats” matebs maT.
23.inglisur da qarTul poetur da yofiT metyvelebaSi gamovlenilma
sinesTezur metaforaTa nimuSebma aCvena, rom sinesTezia, ara marto
poetis SemoqmedebiTi wvis nayofia, aramed yofiTi metyvelebis
ganuyofeli atributi. sinesTezuri metaforebi azris sruli sisavsiT
gadmocemas emsaxureba.
24.inglisur da qarTul sinesTezur metaforaTa analizma gamoavlina,
rom rogorc erT aseve meore enaSi maTi formirebis procesi saerTo
kanonzomierebebs emyareba, Tumca zogjer maTi dekodirebis procesi
gulisxmobs ama Tu im enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli kulturul-socialuri
konteqstis codnas.
177
25.rac Seexeba, ama Tu im poetisTvis damaxasiaTebel individualuri
xedvis Sedegad miRebul sinesTezur metaforebs, maTi aRqma zogjer
rTulia, radgan ar aris advili gamoicno im metaforis mniSvneloba,
romlebic poetis SemTxeviT asociaciebzea agebuli, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT
im faqtsac, rom isini xSirad cdiloben gadauxvion damkvidrebul
stereotipebs da axali sityva Tqvan TavianTi axladSeqmnili
metaforebiT, romlebic Semdeg mkvidrdeba xolme mocemul enaSi.
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