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SAP Architecture & Overview Systems Applications & Products

SAP R/1 , R/2


The R/2 system Reorganized as leading mainframe software for large multinational

corporations 4,300 copies worldwide in 1993 Mainframe-based to replace user legacy software;

co-existence and migration strategy underway for R/2 and R/3

The R/1 system Developed for ICI Chemical Released 1972 Focused on Sales & Distribution and Materials Management Discontinued after release of R/2

SAP System Configuration


ApplicationApplication

DatabaseDatabase

PresentationPresentation

Database , application ,presentation processes

One - tierconfiguration

Two - tierconfiguration

Three - tierconfiguration

Presentation processes

Database ,application processes

Databaseprocesses

Application processes

SAP R/3 : 3 Tier Architecture


Those SAP R/3 software components that specialize in the management , storage and retrieval of data form the Database Layer

The Database Layer

Those SAP R/3 software components that specialize in processing business applications form the Application Layer.

The Application Layer

Those SAP R/3 software components that specialize in interacting with end-users form the Presentation Layer.

The Presentation Layer

SAP R/3 : 3 Tier Architecture


The Database Layercomponents are installed onhigh-end database server.

The Application Layercomponents are installedacross one or more high-end servers.

Presentation Layer components are installed across many PCs

What happens when I send a request to SAP?



Application ServerPresentation . . . Internet

Application

Database

Communication

SAPGUISAPGUI InternetOffice

Work-process

Work-process

Work-process

Dispatcher

TCP/IP

Remote SQL

IPC

Local Bufferfor R/3 Data,

DW-Objects,ABAP-Objects


Dispatcher

• Program which manages resources of the R/3 applications

• Receives requests from user and passes them to the corresponding work processes

• Only one dispatcher per application server


Dispatcher Tasks

• Balances the workload between the processes

• Buffer management in main memory• Connection with the presentation level• Organization of the communication processes


Different Kind of Work Processes for different Tasks

Dialog

D

SAP DispatcherBatch

Spool

Update

Enqueue

S

12

9

6

3

11 1

7 58 4

210

B

M

G

Message

Gateway

R/2 R/3

V

E


Dialog Work Processes

Dialog

D

• Responsible for the interactive tasks of the R/3 system

• Dialog work processes execute only one dialog step at a time and are immediately freed for the next user request

• Constantly switching between users


Background Work Processes

• Responsible for executing ABAP programs submitted for background execution

• Batch jobs schedule the sequence of program execution

• Used for running long and time consuming programs

Batch12

9

6

3

11 1

7 58 4

210

B


Spool Work Processes

• Responsible for formatting the data for printing and passing it to the host spool system

• Only one spool work process allowed per server

Spool


Enqueue Work Processes

• Responsible for the lock management system

• Synchronizes database access for the multiple application servers and work processes

• Only one enqueue process per R/3 system to ensure data integrity

Enqueue

E


Update Work Processes

• Responsible for making database changes requested by dialog and background processes

• For better performance, this process should be on the database server

UpdateV

Integration


SUPPLIER

CUSTOMER

S A P R / 3

Procurement Production Distribution

Finance and Accounting

MM PP SD

FI CO

All business processes throughout the supply chain are executed in one system sharing all information

Workflow

SAP R/3 : Components


ABAPPrograms

Configuration

Organization Structure

Key Data Elements

Functionality Configurations

ApplicationMaster Data

Transaction Data

Understanding the Logon Client


000

001

066

800

Client Copy

Login Screen


Data in SAP System


1. Client-dependent Data(Client-Specific)

2. Client-independent Data(Cross-Client)

User Master

Customizing

Application

Master

Transaction

Customizing

Repository

configurations≈ xxxx tables

≈ xx,xxx tables

e.g. printer

ABAP programs

ABAP Programming


SAP R/3 applications are written in the ABAP programming language, and run within the application layer of the R/3 System.

ABAP programs communicate with the database management system of the central relational database (RDBMS), and with the graphical user interface (SAP GUI) at presentation level.

Why do we need ABAP Development ?


SAP R/3 scope

Specific company requirements

Non SAPapplications

New FunctionalityDevelopment